1010thth American History American HistoryUnit III- U.S. Foreign PolicyUnit III- U.S. Foreign Policy

World War II - todayWorld War II - today

Nixon-Bush #6Nixon-Bush #6

The End of the Cold WarThe End of the Cold War

Reading Quiz- Bush #6Reading Quiz- Bush #6

1. What was the violent revolution in Romania?1. What was the violent revolution in Romania? 2. What was the Velvet Revolution?2. What was the Velvet Revolution? 3. What happened at the Berlin Wall?3. What happened at the Berlin Wall? 4. What was Solidarity?4. What was Solidarity? 5. Who was Boris Yeltsin?5. Who was Boris Yeltsin? 6. What happened to Germany in 1990?6. What happened to Germany in 1990? 7. What was Glasnost and Perestroika?7. What was Glasnost and Perestroika? 8. What was the Warsaw Pact?8. What was the Warsaw Pact?

Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to the end of the Cold War.Since the end of World War II the political structure of the world consisted of two major powers centered in NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries. For nearly 45 years the two major powers representing these groups, the United States and the Soviet Union, were engaged in a cold war. The end of communism in Eastern Europe brought about a new world order under which it was hoped there would be an atmosphere of international cooperation.

April 5, 1989- Poland- Solidarity (Trade Union) declared legal and Free Elections- Solidarity sweeps the elections- 1990 Lech Walesa elected President.

May 1989- Hungary- No fence between Hungary and Austria, East Germans slipped across border into Austria and Hungary.

November 9, 1989- Berlin Wall gates were opened, East Germans flooded to West and the wall began to come down.

November 24- December 28, 1989- "The Velvet Revolution" in Czechoslovakia- Alexander Dubcek elected chairman of the Parliament.

December 17, 1989- The Violent Revolution begins in Romania. Pres. Ceausescu orders troops to gun down demonstrators. 100's die.

Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to the end of the Cold War.

December 21, 1989- Pres. Ceausescu calls for mass rally at Capital to support him. Crowd turned on the President, demonstrations got larger and troops joined the revolt.

December 25, 1989- While trying to escape, Pres. Ceausescu and his wife were caught tried and executed.

End of 1989- October 3, 1990- East and West Germany are reunified into one Germany. President Bush declares the Cold War to be over.

1985-1990- The Soviet Union is changing- Gorbachev's Perestroika (restructuring); Warsaw Pact dissolved; Soviet Union can't provide for its own needs- Food, Clothing are scarse; a move to a freer more democratic nation; Communists give up their monopoly in politics; Chaos on a grand scale; ethnic unrest led to the break up of the U.S.S.R.

Poland and SolidarityPoland and Solidarity

April 5, 1989- Government agrees April 5, 1989- Government agrees to make the union “Solidarity” to make the union “Solidarity” legal and hold “free” elections.legal and hold “free” elections.

Commnists lose the elections.Commnists lose the elections. Eventually the union leader- Lech Eventually the union leader- Lech

Walesa is elected president of Walesa is elected president of Poland.Poland.

Soviet Union did not intercede in Soviet Union did not intercede in Poland.Poland.

Poland faced severe economic Poland faced severe economic problems.problems.

Poland and SolidarityPoland and Solidarity

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Warsaw Pact Countries- Eastern EuropeWarsaw Pact Countries- Eastern Europe

Hungary and Bulgaria- successful Hungary and Bulgaria- successful transition from communismtransition from communism

Romania- “Violent Revolution”- Romania- “Violent Revolution”- Pres. Ceausescu.Pres. Ceausescu.

Czechoslovakia- “Velvet Czechoslovakia- “Velvet Revolution”Revolution”

Yugoslavia-Collapsed. Ethnic Yugoslavia-Collapsed. Ethnic rivalries caused brutal war among rivalries caused brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Roman Catholics. Ethnic CleansingRoman Catholics. Ethnic Cleansing

Baltic State- Estonia, Latvia and Baltic State- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. IndependentLithuania. Independent

GermanyGermany

Oct. 1989- East Germany Oct. 1989- East Germany gets rid of its Communist gets rid of its Communist government and opens government and opens the Berlin Wall.the Berlin Wall.

Berlin Wall torn down.Berlin Wall torn down. Oct. 3 1990- East and Oct. 3 1990- East and

West Germany are West Germany are reunited into one reunited into one Germany.Germany.

Gorbachev and the Soviet UnionGorbachev and the Soviet Union

March 1985- Gorbachev is March 1985- Gorbachev is General Secretary of General Secretary of Communist party.Communist party.

Glasnost- “openness”, Glasnost- “openness”, allowing criticism and allowing criticism and freedom of the pressfreedom of the press

Perestroika- “restructuring” Perestroika- “restructuring” of the Soviet society- less of the Soviet society- less government control, government control, introduced private enterprise introduced private enterprise and took steps for a and took steps for a democratic government.democratic government.

Soviet Union DeclinesSoviet Union Declines

Dec. 1991- 14 Russian Republics Dec. 1991- 14 Russian Republics declare independence.declare independence.

Ethnic unrest across USSR- different Ethnic unrest across USSR- different national groups argue over borders.national groups argue over borders.

Gorbachev resigns- not popular at Gorbachev resigns- not popular at home and the Soviet Union dissolves.home and the Soviet Union dissolves.

CIS- Commonwealth of Independent CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States takes over- loose federationStates takes over- loose federation

Feb. 1992- Boris Yeltsin-President of Feb. 1992- Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia signs START II pact with Russia signs START II pact with U.S.A.U.S.A.