8/11/2019 2012 Anatomy and Physiology-1

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and physiology of the respiratory, excretory and

APPROXIMATE TIME: 50 Minutes

function.. Anatomy of the Respiratory System - Principal organs, their structure andii. Functions of the Respiratory Systemiii. Mechanisms of Pulmonary Ventilationiv. Patterns of Breathingv. Measures of Pulmonary Ventilationvi. Gas Exchange and Transportvii. How exercise and high altitude affect the respiratory systemviii. Understand disorders: COPD, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, sleep apnea andNational Level Only:ix. Additional diseases/disorders to know: tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, Pleurisy, Lung Cancerx. Treatments and/or prevention for all conditions listed above (drugs, surgery, etc.)xi. Blood chemistry and the respiratory rhythmxii. Regulation of the Respiratory Systemxiii. Ability to read a spirogram as related to pulmonary ventilation

4. SCORING: Points are awarded for correct answers. Selected questions/free-response quality will break ties.Recommended Resources: All reference and training resources including the Bio/Earth CD are available onthe Official Science Olympiad Store and Website at http://www.soinc.org

THIS EVENT IS SPONSORED BY THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE (www.sfn.org)

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ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGYRead the General Rules in the manuals and on www.soinc.org as they apply to every event.

1. DESCRIPTION: This event encompasses the anatomydigestive system.A TEAM OF UP TO:2

2. EVENT PARAMETERS: Each team may bring only one 8.5" x 11" two-sided page of notes that contain@manySourcearidupt62nirn-programmable'non-grapfrin calculators.

3. THE COMPETITION: Students should know the basic anatomy and physiology of the respiratory,excretory and digestive systems and how aging and specific diseases affect them. Process skills expectedmay include data collection, making observations, inferences, predictions, calculations, analyses andconclusions. The test may include various formats (e. g., timed stations, wriffen test, PowerPoint slides,anatomical specimens, etc.) for the following topics:a. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - All levels should know:

i. Functions of the digestive systemii. Basic anatomy of the component parts of the alimentary canal and accessory organs of digestioniii. Anatomy of the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canaliv. Comparison of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestinev. Compare and contrast mechanical and chemical digestionvi. Physiology of chemical digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydratesvii. The effects of exercise on the digestive systemviii. The diseases on each level from the cell to the whole person as listed: stomach &

duodenal ulcers, cancers of the digestive system, diarrhea, lactose intolerance,hepatitis, appendicitis

National Level Only:ix. Additional diseases: diverticular disease, GERD, Crohn's Disease and celiac diseasex. The function of the liver and pancreas in the digestive system. How Kupffer cells workxi. Treatments and./or prevention for all conditions listed above (drugs, surgery, etc.)

b. EXCRETORY SYSTEM - AII levels should know:i. Basic anatomy of the urinary system including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethraii. Structure and function of the nephroniii. Formation of urine, GFR calculation, and concepts of tubular secretion and absorptioniv. Understand the effects of ADHv. Understand disorders: Obstructive disorders, UTI's, Glomerular disorders, Renal failureNational Level Only:vi. Additional diseases: Incontinence, Prostatitis, and BPH (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy)vii. Treatments and/or prevention for all conditions listed above (drugs, surgery, etc.)

c. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - All levels should know:

@2012-ct