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The South Africa I know, the home I understand
In-depth analysis of the National Household Travel Survey 2013 data
Measuring household expenditure on public transport
Technical Report
Pali LehohlaStatistician General01 December 2015
• Background
• Household travel patterns
• Education related travel patterns
• Work related travel patterns
• Assess the level of affordability of public
transport
• Conclusion
Contents
Measuring household expenditure on public transport
provide a better understanding of This report seeks to explore and
Context
1996 White Paper on the National Transport Policy aims to ensure that the South African transportation system is adequate to meet basic accessibility needs (to work, health care, schools, shops) in rural and urban areas.
The following are some of the strategic objectives of the policy:
• Affordable public transport, with commuters spending less than about 10 per cent of disposable income on transport
• Passenger transport services that address user needs, including those of commuters, pensioners, the aged, scholars, the disabled, tourists, and long distance passengers
• Appropriate and affordable standards of accessibility to work, commercial and social services in rural areas
• Promote safe, reliable and sustainable passenger transport
Background
The National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) was conducted in 2003 and 2013 as a joint effort by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the Department of Transport (DoT).
The aim of the NHTS is to gain strategic insight into the travel patterns, travel modes and costs of South African households
Data collection in this regard took place between January and March 2013, and a total of 51 341 households and/or dwelling units were sampled, using a random stratified sample design
Household income information from Census 2011 was used to impute household income for cases that did not report their household income
The report highlights some of the challenges in collecting household income and travel cost
information. E.g. privacy and
confidentiality issues, respondent fatigue and
use of proxy respondents.
Due to data constraints, this report did not consider any travel distance and travel cost per distance.
Cautionary notes
Definitions
Trip:a one-way movement from an origin to a destination, to fulfil a purpose or undertake an activity
Public transportPrivate transport
Animal drawn vehicles
Other
Walking
CyclingTrain
Taxi
Bus
Car/truck driver
Car/truck passenger
Public transport
Householdtravel patterns
51,0% 18,1% 7,6%
Most households use public transport
Main mode of travel for households
Private21,0%
10,1%10,9%
Other0,4%
1,9%76,7%
Households main mode of transport by household income quintile
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Lowest income quintile
Highest income quintile
89,9 6,0 3,6
90,4 6,9 2,2
86,4 11,1 2,0
77,2 21,5 1,1
38,3 60,9 0,3
Public transport Private transport Walking all the way
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,3
0,5
Other
Most households use public transport
from highest income quintile except
Profile of households who used public transport
Train Bus Taxi Total
Metro 910 000 879 000 2 581 000 4 371 000
Urban 116 000 384 000 2 329 000 2 829 000
Rural 77 000 1 353 000 2 467 000 3 896 000
RSA 1 103 000 2 616 000 7 377 000 11 095 000
Approximately
11,1million
households used public transport
66,5%23,6%
9,9%
Monthly cost of commuting using public transport
Quintile 4
Quintile 3
Quintile 2
Travel costIncome
R 2 645
R 1 215
R 604
R 9 207
R 215
R 331
R 250
R 171
R 136
R 404Highest income quintile
Lowest income quintile
with increase in quintile
Average per capita monthly household income
Average monthly travel cost
Income and travel cost
increased
of income on public transport
Lowest income quintile
Spent highest %
% of monthly household income per capita spent on public transport (PT)
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Highest income quintile
Lowest income quintile
85,1 11,9 2,9
52,7 31,7 15,6
36,2 34,5 29,4
26,7 31,4 41,9
12,7 20,8 66,6
42,3 28,4 29,3
Less than 10%
Between 10% and 20%
More than 20%
Lowest income quintile
Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Highest income quintile
87,3%
73,3%63,8%
47,3%
14,9%
% of households spending more than 10% of their monthly household income per capita on public transport (PT)
Households from
lowest income quintile
more likely tospend more
highest income quintile
on travel than
R
% of households spending more than 10% of their monthly household income per capita on public transport (PT)
Taxi
users
Busmore likely tospent more
users
on travel than
R
58,6%60,1%49,2%57,7%
related travelEducational
Main mode of travel for learners
Other0,8%
63,4%
14,8% 5,2% 1,2%
21,2%
1,6%
Private14,5%
12,9%
Most of learners to their educational institutions
Metro
45,2%
Main mode of travel for learners by geographic location
28,8%
PrivateTransport
Urban Rural
1,3%
62,0%
21,8%
15,3%
0,9%
79,1%
14,7%
5,8%
0,4%
learnerswere most likely
to their
educational institutions
24,8%
Other
Total number of learners who used public transport
Train Bus Taxi Total
Metro 173 000 348 000 1 166 000 1 687 000
Urban 13 000 208 000 736 000 958 000
Rural 18 000 356 000 686 000 1 060 000
RSA 205 000 912 000 2 588 000 3 705 000
Approximately
3,7million
learners used public transport
69,8%24,6%
5,5%
Pre-school
6,7%
School
Higher education
8,8%
FET college8,9%
Other3,2%
Total number of learners who used public transport
72,4%
Monthly cost of commuting using public transport
Quintile 4
Quintile 3
Quintile 2
Travel costIncome
R 2 624
R 1 200
R 606
R 8 283
R 233
R 406
R 374
R 345
R 351
R 447Highest income quintile
Lowest income quintile
with increase in quintile
Average per capita monthly household income
Average monthly travel cost
Income and travel cost
increased
of income on public transport
than 10%
% of monthly household income per capita spent on public transport (PT)
20,6 22,8 56,6
23,2 18,2 58,7
34,0 20,3 45,7
21,8 21,8 56,4
Less than 10% Between 10% and 20% More than 20%
usersmost likely to
spent less
% of learners spending more than 10% of their monthly household income per capita on public transport (PT)
Taxi
users
more likely tospent more
users
on travel than
R
78,2%79,4%66,0%76,8%
related travel
26,5% 7,6% 5,0%
Main mode of travel for workers
Private38,4%
7,6%30,8%
Other1,3%
21,1%39,1%
Most of workers use public and private transport to reach their workplace
Total number of workers who used public transport
Train Bus Taxi Total
Metro 650 000 446 000 2 080 000 3 176 000
Urban 34 000 235 000 987 000 1 256 000
Rural 16 000 380 000 603 000 999 000
RSA 700 000 1 061 000 3 670 000 5 431 000
Approximately
5,4million
workers used public transport
67,6%19,5%
12,9%
Monthly cost of commuting using public transport
Quintile 4
Quintile 3
Quintile 2
Travel costIncome
R 2 668
R 1 222
R 634
R 8 459
R 281
R 549
R 505
R 496
R 491
R 582Highest income quintile
Lowest income quintile
with increase in quintile
Average per capita monthly household income
Average monthly travel cost
Income and travel cost
increased
% of monthly household income per capita spent on public transport (PT)
15,2 22,3 62,5
16,8 19,9 63,3
36,7 25,9 37,4
18,4 22,3 59,3
of income on public transport
than 10%
usersmost likely to
spent less
Less than 10% Between 10% and 20% More than 20%
% of workers spending more than 10% of their monthly household income per capita on public transport (PT)
Taxi
users
Busmore likely tospent more
users
on travel than
R
83,2%84,8%63,3%81,6%
Conclusion
The report identified ways in which the measurement of household income and transport expenditure can be improved.
Households from lowest income quintile spent more on public transport than to households from highest income quintile.
Majority of households who spent more than 20% of their monthly household income per capita on public transport live in rural areas.
Workers and learners in households from highest income quintile were more likely to spend more on travel than workers from lowest income quintile
• Taxi and bus users were more likely to spend more than 10% of their monthly household income per capita than train users.
• There is a need to reconsider the current public transport affordability measure, i.e. the benchmark set by the 1996 White Paper on National Transport Policy.
• The current public transport affordability measure provides a partial view of household well-being and should be linked with poverty, deprivation and other social and economical measures.
Conclusion
Thank You