1997 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY

National Summary Preliminary Report

1997 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY

Central Statistical Organization Yangon, Myanmar.

1998

Foreword 1. Introduction

1.1. Objectives of the Survey 1.2. Historical Background

CONTENTS

Page

2. Methodology 2 2. 1. Sample Design 2 2.2. Sample Size Determination 3 2.3. Sample Townships and Households 3 2.4. Estimation Procedure 4 2.4.1 Weighting 4 2.4.2 Survey Estimates 5 2.4.3 Limitations of the Data 6

3. Sample Survey Execution 6 3. I. Preparation 6 3 .2. Field Operation 7 3 .2.1. Recruitment of Enumerators 7 3.2.2. Compilation of List of Households 7 3.2.3. Training ofEnumerators 7 3.2.4. Field Work 7 3.2.5. Checking, Editing and Coding of the Forms 8 3.2.6. Closing ofField Work 8 3.3. Data Processing 8 3 . 4. Coverage 9

4. Discussion on Results 9 4.1. Size of Household 9 4.1. l. Average Household Size 9 4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size l 0 4.2. Monthly Household Income 12 4.2.1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source 13 4.2.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class 15 4.3. Monthly Household Expenditure I 7 4 .3. I. Average Monthly Household Expenditure 17 4.3.2. Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages 18 4.3.3. Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food 19 4.3.4. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class 21

5. Summary Findings 22 5.1. Average Household Size 22 5 .2. Household Size Distribution 23 5 .3. Average Monthly Household Income 23 5.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class 24 5.5. Average Monthly Household Expenditure 25 5.6. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class 26 5.7. Comparison with Household Expenditure Survey (1989) 27

6. Comments and Conclusion 28

Statistical Tables A. Main Tables B. Additional Tables Appendixes

List of Ta bl es

A. Main Tables

4.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Union.

4.1.1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kach in State.

4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kayah State.

4.1.3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Kayin State.

4.1.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Chin State.

4.1.5. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Sagaing Division.

4.1.6. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Tanintharyi Division.

4.1.7. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Bago Division.

4.1.8. Percentage Distribution ofHousehol.ds by Size, Magway Division.

4.1.9. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Mandalay Division.

4.1.10. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Mon State.

4.1.11. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Rakhine State.

4.1.12. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Yangon Division.

4.1.13. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Shan State.

4.1.14. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Ayeyarwady Division.

4.2.1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Union.

4.2. 1. 1. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Kachin State.

4.2.1.2. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Kayah State.

4.2.1.3. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Ka yin State.

4.2.1.4. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Chin State.

4.2.1.5. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Sagaing Division.

4.2.1.6. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Tanintharyi Division.

4.2.1. 7. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Bago Division.

4.2.1.8. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Magway Division.

4.2.1.9. Average Monthly Hous~hold Income by Source, Mandalay Division.

4.2.1.10. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Mon State.

4.2.1.11. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Rakhine State. ·

4.2.1.12. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Yangon Division.

4.2.1.13. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Shan State.

4.2.1.14. Average Monthly Household Income by Source, Ayeyarwady Division.

..,

.)

..,

.)

3

4:

4:

4.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class, Union

4.2.2.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,

Kachin State


Kayah State


Kayin State


Chin State


Sagaing Division


Tanintharyi Division

4.2.2. 7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,

Bago Division


Magway Division


Mandalay Division

4.2.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class ,

Mon State

4.2.2. l l Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income class,

Rakhine State


Yangon Division


Shan State


Ayeyarwady Division

4.3.1. Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Union.

4.3. l. l Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kachin State.

4.3.1.2 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kayah State.

4.3.1.3 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Kayin State.

4.3.1.4 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Chin State.

46

47

47

48

48

49

49

50

50

51

51

52

52

53

53

54

55

56

57

58

4.3.1.5 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Sagaing Division. 59

4.3.1.6 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Tanintharyi Division. 60

4.3 .1. 7 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Bago Division. 6 !

4 .3. 1. 8 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure, Group, Magway Division. 62

4.3.1.9 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Mandalay Division. 63

4.3.1.10 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Mon State. 64

4.3 .1.11 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Rakhine State. 6'.i

4.3.1.12 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Yangon Division. 66

4.3 .1.13 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Shan State. 6 7

4.3.1.14 Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Ayeyarwady Division. 68

4.3 .4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,

Union. 69

4.3 .4.1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,

Kachin State. 70


Kayah State. 70

4.3.4.3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,

Kayin State. 71


Chin State. 71


Sagaing Division. 72


Tanintharyi Division. 72


Bago Division. 73


Magway Division. 73


Mandalay Division. 74


Mon State. 74


Rakhine State. 7 5

4.3.4.12. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,

Yangon Division. 7 5

4.3.4.13. Percentage Distribution ofHouseholds by Monthly Household Expenditure Class,

Shan State. 76


Ayeyarwady Division.

B. Additional Tables

4.1.15 Average Household Size.

4.1.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Overall.

4.1.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Urban.

4.1.18 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Rural.

4.2.1.15 Average Monthly Household Income

4.2.1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Income.

4.2.1.17 Median Monthly Household Income

4.2.1.18 Percentage Contribution of Wages and Salaries to Average Monthly Household

Income.

4.2.1.19 Percentage Contribution of Entrepreneurial Income to Average Monthly Household

Income.

4.2.2.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Household Income Class,

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

0.verall. 86


Urban. 87


Rural. 88

4.3.1.15 Average Monthly Household Expenditure. 89

4.3 .1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Expenditure. 90

4.3.J .17 Median Monthly Household Expenditure. 91

4.3 .2. Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages.

4.3 .2.1. Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Food

and Beverages

92

93

4.3.3. Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-Food. 94

4.3 .3. I. Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-Food. 95

4.3 .4.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,

Overall. 96

4.3 .4.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,

Urban. 97

4.3.4.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class,

Rural. 98

5. I

5.2

5.3

5.4

Estimates for Yangon City

Estimates for Mandalay City

Household Expenditure Survey (1989) and Household Income and Expenditure

Survey ( 1997) Results

Monthly Household Expenditures, HES (1989) and HIES (1997)

99

100

IOI

102

Appendixes

1.1 Major Household Expenditure Items

2.1 List of Townships Not Included in the Sampling Frame

2.1.1 Number of Townships to be Surveyed

2.1.2 Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division

2.1.3 Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts

2.4 Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level

3. Members of HIES Steering Committee and Working Committee

3. 1. Questionnaire

3.1.2 Terms and Definitions

FOREWORD

This publication is the Preliminary Report of the 1997 Household

Income and Expenditure Survey, conducted in forty-five townships of fourteen States and

Divisions. Presented in this report are data on household size and income and expenditure

pattern of Myanmar household at Union, State and Division level and key city level. The

statistics provided in this report are based on the responses of 254 70 sample households:

10610 urban households and 14860 rural households, selected nation-wide and

interviewed during November, 1997.

I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable support and assistance of

authorities at varied levels of Peace and Development Committees and Non

governmental organizations as well as the co-operation of sample household respondents

in making this survey possible.

It is opportune to sincerely thank UNICEF Representative

Dr. Juan Aguilar Leoan, Planning Section Chief Mr. Chris Davids and Project Officer

(Monitoring and Evaluation) Daw Khin Win Thin for their co-operation and financial

support to make thi's nation-wide survey a reality.

Last but not the least, I deeply appreciate and heartily thank

Associate Professor Dr. Daw Than Toe of Institute of Economics, Yangon as well as

statistics and computer staff of the Central Statistical Organization for their arduous

efforts to prepare this report.

It is hoped that the report will provide invaluable information for

policy-makers, planners, administrators and researchers in the public and private sectors,

in formulating policies and programmes for the improvement of the life of Myanmar

families.

Yangon, Myanmar September, 1998

() ,{ • r'l. ·~-····-·-

Dr.Sein Tin Director-General

1. Introduction

The 1997 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was the second HIES to be

conducted by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) on a nation-wide scale. The first and

foremost household expenditure survey was conducted by the CSO in I 989 on a nation-wide scale.

In the 1997 HIES, monthly household and yearly household incomes were collected ~ith

breakdowns by type of income. Apart from the information on the household experiditure,

information on the demographic characteristics, educational level, employment and employment

status of the household members, housing conditions were also collected.

Household expenditure was collected on several expenditure items in detail, which could be

classified into two major groups:

I. Food and Beverages

2. Non-food

Items in Food and Beverages group were classified into 16 sub-groups and items in Non

food group were classified into 17 sub-groups. List of these sub-groups is as shown in the

. Appendix 1.1. The survey was designed to yield estimates at the Union, Urban and Rural levels,

estimates at the State and Division levels, estimates for Yangon City and Mandalay City, estimates

for other cities of States and Divisions and estimates at the selected townships level.

The 1997 HIES covered 236 of the 322 townships and 45 townships were surveyed,

comprising 36 sample townships and 9 additional townships.

I.I Objedives of the Survey

The 1997 HIES was conducted to cover the whole of Myanmar with the following

objectives:

(l) To investigate into the changes in the level and patterns of consumption, spending and

expenditures of households in accordance with the changing economy of Myanmar,

(2) To assess the levels of living of the households, and

(3) To be able to compute the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all the cities and the. CPI which

represents the whole country.

1.2 Historical Background

Ernst Engel, a German statistician, was known to be the first to investigate into the

relationship between consumption and income of families from the family budget data. Since that

time, family budget data have been used not only to find out the income-consumption relations, but

also the income elasticity of demand for any item of the family budget. The data have also been

2

used to find the percentage of income spent on food called the Engel ratio, as an indicator of level

of living and the weights to be used in the construction of CPL

Family budget surveys usually collected data on income, consumption and expenditure of

families and were among the earliest surveys conducted in the developing countries. The Central

Statistical and Economics Department conducted these surveys, later known. as the household

expenditure surveys, in Myanmar as early as I 958. It was confined to Yangon City only. Since

then, the household expenditure survey has been conducted 105 times till 1997. In some years, the

survey was conducted in some townships including Yangon City sometimes.

2. Methodology

The 1997 HIES of Myanmar covered all States and Divisions but not all townships. The list

of townships not included in the sampling frame is shown in Appendix 2.1. Survey sampling

method was used to select sample townships, wards, villages and households.

The sampling frame was based on the list of townships, wards and village tracts for J 994

obtained from General Administration Department.

2.1 Sample Design

The sample de.sign used was stratified three-stage random sampling design.

(1) Stratification used was natural stratification. Yangon and Mandalay Divisions were each

divided into 2 strata and the remaining divisions were formed into 12 strata totaling I 6

strata. Yangon Division was divided into 2 strata comprising townships in Yangon City

and other townships. Mandalay Division was also divided into 2 strata comprising

townships in Mandalay City and other townships.

(2) First-stage sampling was based on townships. First-stage unit was a township and from

the list of townships in each stratum, sample townships were selected by simple random

sampling. Appendix 2.1.1 shows the number of townships, number of sample

townships selected, predetermined additional townships and the number of townships to

be surveyed in each stratum. The names of selected sample townships, additional

townships and the names of townships to be surveyed in each stratum are shown in

Appendix 2.1.2.

(3) Second-stage sampling was based on wards and village tracts. Second-stage unit was a

ward for the urban part of the sample township and a village tract for the rural part of

the sample township. The sampling frame at this stage was prepared by listing all the

wards in the urban part of the township to be surveyed an.d the village tracts in the rural

3

part of the township to be surveyed. 25% of the number of wards and 10% of the village

tracts :were sampled by simple random sampling in each sample township ..

(4) Third-stage sampling was based on households. Third-stage unit was a household and

sample households were selected by simple random sampling from the list of

households in each sample ward and in each sample village tract. The sampling frame at

this stage was prepared by listing all households in each of the selected wards or village

tracts.Appendix 2. 1.2 shows the number of sample urban households, sample rural

households,and total sample households for each township to be surveyed in each State

and Division. Appendix 2.1.3 shows the number of wards and village tracts, the number

of sample wards and sample village tracts and the number of sample households for

each township to be surveyed.

2.2 Sample Size Determination

Based on the results of 1989 Household Expenditure Survey, the number of households to

be sampled in each township was determined as,

n = [4 C.V2 (X)] I d2 * Deff, where n =the number of sample households.

d =margin oferror=0.01

C.V (X) =coefficient of variation under consideration (from past data)

Deff = the design effect = 1

2.3 Sample Townships and Households

It was targeted that reliable estimates with precision measures for the Union as well as for

the States and Divisions should be obtained from this survey. Thus, sample townships and sample

households were selected by random sampling methods. The targeted structure of the sample was

as follows:

1. Number of strata

2. Number of predetermined townships

3. Number of random sample townships

4. Number of random sample households per township

5. Total number of random sample households

= 16

=9

= 36

= 550

= 19800

6. Number of random sample households in predetermined townships= 5670

7. Total sample households = 25470.

4

2.4. Estimation Procedure

For each item, estimates are found at the township level, State and Division level and Union

level. At each level, estimates for Urban and Rural are computed separately.

Let,

Y h i j k be the value of y for household k, ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h .

y h ij = t y h ij k . k = 1.2 ................. ! h ij

I h ij = number of sample households in ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h.

L h ij = number of total households in ward or village tract j, township i, stratum h.

I h i = L. I h ij J

L h i = L L h ij j

,j = L 2,. .......... ,m 11 i

,j = 1, 2 ,: .......... ,M hi

m hi = number of sample wards or village tracts, township i, stratum h.

M hi = total number of wards or village tracts, township i, stratum h.

L11=2:Lhi I

,h = 1, 2, ........... ,1 6 for Urban

,h = 1,2, ........... ,l 4 for Rural

n h = number of sample townships for stratum h.

N h = number of total townships for stratum h.

2.4.1 Weighting

At the township level, the weights assigned are:

M L h .. W 11 1' = h i X IJ

m hi I h ij

W h i c u ) is the weight used for urban part of township i, stratum h.

W h i ( r ) is the weight used for rural part of township i, stratum h.

The weights are shown in Appendix 2.4

·5

2.4.2 Survey Estimates

At the township level, the estimates are:

Y hi(u) = W hi(u)L L: Yhijk(u) j k

Y h i ( r) = W h i ( r) L: L: Y h ij k ( r) J k

Y hi= Y hi(u)+Y hi(r)

Y hi(u)+ Y hi(r)

L hi(u) + L hi(r)

J= 1,2, .... ,m h,(u)

j= 1,2, .... ,m h,(r)

where Lh i (u) and Lh i (r) are the total numbers of households in the urban and rural

parts of township i, stratum h, respectively.

At the State and Division level, the estimates are:

I\ N I\

y h ( u ) = h ( u )

L: y h i ( u ) n h ( u )

= 1,2, ..... ,nh(u)

I\ N I\

h ( r ) y h ( r ) = L: y h i ( r ) n h ( r )

= 1,2, ..... ,nh(r)

I\ I\ I\

y h = y h ( u ) + y h ( r )

I\ I\

I\ y y y h ( u ) + h ( r )

h =

L h ( u ) + L h ( r )

where Lh (u) and Lh (r) are the total numbers of households in the urban and rural parts

of State and Division h, respectively.

At the Union level, the estimates are: I\ I\

y ( u) = L:Yh(u) h=l,2, .... ,16 h

I\ I\

y (r) = L: Y h (r) h = 1,2,. ... ,14 h

I\

I\ y y =-L

6

2.4.3. Limitations of the Data

The data users should bear in mind that the data presented in this report are the results of a

sample survey and accordingly, subject to sampling variations, because observation is not made of

the whole population. Survey estimates may also be subject to non-sampling errors such as

deliberate under- or overreporting of income and expenditures or reluctance on the part of

respondents to state their true levels of income and spending.

3. Sample Survey Execution

The 1997 HIES was executed under the supervision of the HIES steering committee headed

by Director General, C.S.O and the HIES working committee headed by Director (Statistics),

C.S.O. The lists of members of the two committees are as shown in Appendix 3.1.

3.1. Preparation

Preparations were started as early as August 1997. Sample design and questionnaire design

were selected and approved by the two committees. Questionnaires, terms and definitions and the

forms to be used in the survey work are shown in Appendixes 3 .1.1 and 3. 1.2. 107 Staff Officers

and Deputy Statisticians of C.S.O were assigned as field supervisors to supervise the field

operations in each township. The training of these supervisors, divided into two groups, was given

at the C.S.O in Yangon from 27 October 1997 to 30 October 1997. The training consisted of

discussion on-

(a) Objectives of the survey

(b) Sampling method

(c) Role of the township supervisors

(d) Forms to be used at the township level

(e) Selection of sample wards, village tracts and households

(f) Terms and facts in the questionnaires

(g) Procedures for filling up the questionnaire forms.

A pilot survey of 125 households to test the design of the questionnaires, to access

operational procedures and the ability of the supervisors was carried out at the Bogyoke Village in

the Thanlyin township of Yangon Division by the C.S.O staff assigned to supervise township level

field work on 2 November 1997. Based on the returns of this pilot survey,necessary amendments

were made in the questionnaires and the C.S.O staff members involved in the pilot survey was

again given clarifications and discussions on their works.

7

3.2 Field Operation

A total of 853 persons, including l 07 staff members of CSO as field supervisors and 746

locally recruited enumerators participated in the field operation.

3.2.1 Recruitment of Enumerators

Officials from CSO carried out the recruitment and training of enumerators at each

township of their assignment. It took about four days, starting from I 2 November 1997 to I 5

November 1997 for the recruitment and training of enumerators.

Altogether 746 temporary enumerators From NGOs were selected and appointed to carry

out survey operations for nineteen days, from 12 November to 30 November 1997.

3.2.2 Compilation of List of Households

At the selected wards and village tracts, lists of household were compiled for the sample

selection with the cooperation of township, ward, village tract Peace and Development Councils

(PDCs), and Township Immigration and Manpower Department.

3.2.3 Training of Enumerators

Training of the locally recruited enumerators was carried out at each selected township in

mid November 1997 before the fieldwork. Th~ training program included discussion on-

( a) objectives of the survey,

(b) interviewing and filling up of the questionnaire forms,

(c) social dealing with the sample households,

(d) miscellaneous topics

A pilot survey to demonstrate them how to carry out the fieldwork was also included in the

training program. The enumerators had to conduct the pilot survey under the supervision of the

field supervisors from CSO.

3.2.4. Field Work.

The enumeration started on 18 November 1997 and ended on 27 November 1997.

Prepared questionnaire forms were used to collect data from the sample households. Enumerators

interviewed each sample household to obtain the information. An enumerator had to interview 38

sample households on the average and a field supervisor had to supervise the enumeration of 238

sample households on the average. An enumerator had to conduct three to four interviews a day and

a field supervisor had to supervise the interview of 20 to 25 sample households a day. It took about

one and half-hours to complete an interview on the average. Additional sample households already

selected before the fieldwork replaced missing sample households.

8

3.2.5. Checking, Editing and Coding of the Forms

The field supervisors and the enumerators undertook the checking, editing and coding of the

filled up questionnaire forms after the interviews were completed. It took about three days, starting

from 28 November 1997 to 30 November 1997. Although, checking and editing of the filled up

forms was carried out everyday after the interviews, the overall editing, call-backs and coding of

the edited forms were done during those three days. The completed forms were brought back to

CSO after 30 November 1997 and manual editing and coding of the remaining forms continued till

they were ready for data entry. Manual data verification and data validation by computer were done

thoroughly before the computer did any tabulation.

3.2.6. Closing of Field Work

After the completion of the survey fieldwork, the enumerators were honored with

'Certificates' and labour charges at the ceremony sponsored by the township PDCs.

The survey would not have been successfully completed without the cooperation of the

respective PDCs. They have helped in arranging training halls, temporary survey offices,

transportation to the wards and village tracts, and boarding houses for some of the HIES field

supervisors from CSO. The logistical support of the township responsible persons greatly

contributes to the successful completion of the 199.7 HIES. In addition to this, inspection tours to

the States and Divisions, surveyed townships in November, 1997 by the supervisory committee

members comprising the Director General, Deputy Director General, Directors, Deputy Directors

and Assistant Directors of CSO also made it possible to conduct the HIES, smoothly and

efficiently till the time of its completion.

3.3. Data Processing

The Computer Division of CSO processed the collected data on demographic, social,

income, consumption and expenditure of sample households. Data entry was completely carried out

by using IBM compatible microcomputers. IBM compatible microcomputers as well as IBM 4381

mainframe computer did data processing. IMPS and Database software packages were used for

tabulation. Manual editing of data, data entry and data processing by electronic computers started

since December 1997. Preliminary Statistical tables were produced since May 1998.

The tables comprise :

1. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size

2. Average Monthly Household Income by Source

3. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Income Class

4. Monthly Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group

9

5. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Expenditure Class

3.4. Coverage

Sample households were selected from all townships except those at the remote and not

easily accessible border areas. The list of townships not included in the HIES is shown in Appendix

2.1. The sample townships were selected from 236 townships which is 73.3 % of the total

townships in Myanmar.

All households were included in the sampling frame. Persons living in collective living

quarters like religious buildings, hospitals and dispensaries, schools, educational buildings, hotels

and restaurants, inns, boarding houses, hostels, prisons, orphanages, homes for the aged were not

included in the HIES.

4. Discussion on Results

Information on some of the demographic, social and economic aspects of sample

households was collected in the HIES (1997). Preliminary statistical tables include information on

size of household, monthly household income and monthly household expenditure.

4.1.Size of Household

4.1.1.Average Household Size

From ~he results in HIES (1997), based on 25470 sample households, the estimated average

size of household for the Union is 5.25. This is comparable to 5.2, which is the average size of

household obtained in 1983 census of Myanmar.

The estimated average household size is 5.22 for the Urban Myanmar and it is 5.32 for the

Rural Myanmar. Rural Myanmar average household size is slightly greater than the average

household size for Urban Myanmar. The findings are similar to those in 1983 Census of Myanmar.

Table 4.1.15 shows the average household size for the States and Divisions.

It also shows the average household size separately for the Urban and Rural Myanmar. The

average household sizes of most of the States and Division are larger than the average household

size of the Union, except in Rakhine State, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions.

Bago Division has the smallest average household size and Kachin State has the largest average

household size among the States and Divisions.

10

For the Urban Myanmar, average household size is 5.22. The average household sizes of

most of the Urban States and Divisions are larger than the average household size of Urban

Myanmar, except in Sagaing, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions. Urban Kachin

State has the largest average household size and Urban Mandalay Division has the smallest average

household size among the States and Divisions.

For the Rural Myanmar, average household size is 5.32. Here too, the average household

sizes of most of the Rural States and Divisions are larger than the average household size of the

Rural Myanmar, except in Kayin and Rakhine ~tates, Yangon and Bago Divisions. Rural Chin

State has the largest average household size and Rural Bago Division has the smallest household

size among the States and Divisions.

Mandalay City has the average household size of 4.89 and Yangon City has the average

household size of 5.16.

4.1.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size

Tables 4.1, 4.1.1 to 4.1.14 show the percentage distributions of households by household

size for the Union, States and Divisions. The distributions are also shown separately for the Urban

and Rural Myanmar, Urban and Rural States and Divisions.

The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the last columns of Tables 4.1 to

4.1 14 for the Union, States and Divisions as a whole.

Highest percentages of households in the Union, Bago Division, Ayeyarwady Division and

Mon State have the household size of 4 persons. In Kayah, Kayin, Rakhine and Shan States,

Magwe, Mandalay and Yangon Divisions, percentages of households with 5 persons are highest. In

Kachin and Chin States and Sagaing Division, percentages of households with 6 persons are

highest.

It is interesting to note that in Kachin and Chin States, percentages of households with I 1

persons and above are considerably high, being 8.53 and 7.58 respectively.

Table 4.1.16 shows that percentages of households with 1 to 2 person~ for the States and

Divisions are between 4% and 12%; the .Jowest percentage being in Kachin State and the highest

percentage in Rakhine State. Percentages of households with 3 to 7 persons for the States and

Division are between 62% and 8J%; the lowest percentage being in Chin State and the highest

percentage in Bago Division.

For the households with 8 to 10 persons, the percentages for States and Division are

between 6% and 25%; the lowest percentage being in Bago Division and the highest percentage in

11

Chin State. Highest percentages of households with I I persons and above are found to be between

1 % and 9%; the lowest percentage being in Bago Division and the highest percentage in Kachin

State.

Kachin, Kayah and Shan States have smaller percentages of households with small

household sizes and larger percentages of households with large household sizes. Bago Division,

Rakhine State and Ayeyarwady Division have larger percentages of households with small

household sizes and smaller percentages of households with large household sizes.

The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the first columns of Tables 4.1 to

4. I. 14 for the Urban Myanmar, Urban States and Divisions.

The States and Divisions except the Chin , Mon, Rakhine, Shan States and Sagaing,

Tanintharyi and Ayeyarwady Divisions have the highest percentages of households with 5 persons.

Percentage of households with 7 persons is highest in Chin State, with 6 persons it is highest in

Shan State, with 4 persons it is highest in Sagaing Division, Mon and Rakhine States and

Ayeyarwady Division. It is interesting to note that Kachin State has a high percentage of 12.92%

for the household size of 11 persons and above.

Table 4. I .17 shows that Ka yin State has the lowest percentage of households with 1 to 2

persons and Sagaing Division has the highest percentage of households with I to 2 persons.

Percentages of households with 1 to 2 persons vary between 4% and 12%. Kachin State has the

lowest percentage of households with 3 to 7 persons and Bago Division has the highest percentage

of households with 3 to 7 persons. Percentages of urban households with 3 to 7 persons vary

between 58% and 80 %.

For the households with 8 to 10 persons, Bago Division has the lowest percentage and Chin

State has the highest percentage. The percentages vary between 9% and 24%. For the households

with 11 persons and above, Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions have lowest percentage, Kachin State

has the highest percentage. The percentages vary between 2% and 13%.

Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions and Mon State have larger percentages of households with

small househ9ld sizes and smaller percentage of households with large household sizes. Kayah,

Kayin States, Taninthary Division, Rakhine and Shan States have smaller percentages of

households with small household sizes but larger percentages of hoµseholds with large household

sizes. Kachin State has large percentage of households with large household sizes, especially with

I 1 persons and above.

The percentage distribution of household sizes is shown in the second columns of Tables

4.1 to 4.1.14 for the Rural Myanmar, Rural States and Divisions.

Percentages of households with 4 persons are highest in the Union, Kayah State, Bago

Division, Mon State and Ayeyarwaddy Division. Percentages of households with 5 persons are

12

ighest in Kayin State, Tanintharyi, Magway and Mandalay Divisions, Rakhine State, Yangon

)ivision and Shan State. Kachin, Chin States and Sagaing Division have the highest percentages of

ouseholds with 6 persons. It is interesting to note that Kachin and Chin States have I I persons and

bove viz- 7.11 % and 8.36% respectively.

Table 4.1.18 shows that percentages of households with I to 2 persons foi· the States and

iivisions vary between 3% and 13%. The lowest percentage occurs in Kachin State and the highest

ercentage occurs in Rakhine State. As for the households with 3 to 7 persons, the lowest

ercentage occurs in Chin State and the highest percentage occurs in Bago Division. The

ercentages vary between 62% and 84%.

Percentages of households with 8 to I 0 persons vary between 5% and 25%. The lowest

::rcentage is in Bago Division and the highest percentage is in Chin State. As for the households

ith 11 persons and above, the percentages vary between l % and 8%. The lowest percentage is in

ago Division and the highest percentage is in Chin State.

Kachin, Chin and Shan States have lower percentages of households with small household

zes and Bago Division and Rakhine State have higher percentages of households with large

)usehold sizes. Kachin and Chin States have larger percentages of households with large

)Usehold sizes and Bago Division and Rakhine States have smaller percentages of households

ith large household sizes.

2 Monthly Household Income

Mean monthly household income is estimated as 10122.98 kyats for the Union, 13005.76

1ats for the Urban Myanmar and 8905.65 kyats for the Rural Myamnar. This implies that

timated mean monthly household income of Urban Myanmar is 1.46 times that of Rural

yanmar.

Median monthly household income is estimated as 6966.15 kyats for the Union, 7369.58

·ats for the Urban Myanmar and 6604.60 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. This means that half of

e households have the monthly household income to be less than 6966.15 kyqts for the Union, to

less than 7369.58 kyats for the Urbari Myanmar and to be less than 6604.60 kyats for the Rural

yanmar. It also implies that, estimated median monthly household income of Urban Myanmar is

12 times that of Rural Myanmar.

Mean monthly household incomes and median monthly household incomes for the Union,

·ban Myanmar and Rural Myanmar, .overall States and Divisions, Urban and Rural States and

visions are shown in Tables 4.2.1.15, 4.2.1.17.

13

4.2.1.Average Monthly Household Income by Source

Average monthly household income is estimated as 10122. 98 kyats for the Union, of which

50.68% is obtained as wages and salaries and 43.86% is obtained as entrepreneurial income. Less

than 1 % of the averag~ monthly household income for the Union is obtained as wages and salaries

in kind, as pension, as rent and as interest. Between 1 % and 1.5% of the average monthly

household income is obtained as remittances, bonus and other, other (in kind).

Average monthly household income for Urban Myanmar is estimated as 13005. 76 kyats, of

which 78.89% is obtained as wages and salaries and 15.33% is obtained as entrepreneurial income.

Less than 1 % of the average monthly household income for the Urban Myanmar is obtained as

pension, rent, interest, bonus and other, other (in kind). Between I% and 1.5% of the average

monthly urban household income is obtained as wages and salaries in kind. Between 2.5% and 3%

of the average monthly urban household income is obtain as remittances.

Average monthly household income for Rural Myanmar is estimated as 8905.65 kyats, of

which 38.78% is obtained as wages and salaries, 55.91% is obtained as entrepreneurial income.

Less than 1 % of the average monthly rural household income is obtained as wages and salaries in

kind, pension, rent, interest and remittances. Between 1.5% and 2% of the average monthly rural

household income is obtained as bonus and other, other (in kind).

Percents of the average monthly urban household income obtained as wages and salaries,

pension, rent, interest and remittances are higher than the respective percents of the average

monthly rural household income obtained from these sources. Percents of the average monthly

urban household incorr:ie obtained as entrepreneurial income, bonus a1_1d other, other (in kind) are

lower than the respective percents of the average monthly rural household income obtained from

these sources. It can be said that, the estimated average monthly urban household income structure

and the estimated average monthly rural household income structure truly reflect the income

earning sources of the Urban Myanmar and· Rural Myanmar.

Table 4.2.1 shows the average monthly household mcome by source of the Union and

Tables 4.2.1.1 to 4.2.1.14 show the average monthly household income by source of the States and

Divisions. The average monthly household income by source of each of the States and Divisions

also shows that wages and salaries in cash and entrepreneurial income mostly contribute to the

average monthly household income. In the States, percents of average monthly household income

obtained from wages and salaries vary between 15% and 70% for the State as a whole, between

41 % and 87% for the Urban State and between 8% and 67% for the Rural State. In the Divisions,

percents of average monthly household income obtained from wages and salaries vary between

3 1 % and 74% for the Division as a whole, between 57% and 86% for the Urban Division and

between 24% and 63% for the Rural Division.

14

For the States. and Divisions as a whole, highest contribution by the wages and salaries to

the average monthly household income is in the Yangon Division. For the Urban States and

Divisions, it is in Kayin State and for the Rural States and Divisions, it is in Kachin State. The

lowest contribution by the wages and salaries to the monthly household income happe;is in Chin

State for the States and Divisions as a whole and for the Urban· as well as Rural States and

Divisions.

In the States, percents of average monthly household income obtained from entrepreneurial

inco111e vary between J 7% and 67% fo~ the State as a whole, between 6% and 43% for the Urban

States and between 17% and 73% for the Rural States. ln the Divisions, percents of average

111onthly household income obtained from entrepreneurial income vary between 1.2% and 64% for

the Division as a whole, between 6% and 34% for the Urban Divisions and between 31% and 71%

for the Rural Divisions.

The highest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household

income happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole, for the Urban and Rural

States and Divisions. The lowest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly

household income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as a whole and for the

Urban States and Divisions. It happens in Rakhine State for the Rural States and Divisions.

Percentage contribution by wages and salaries to the average monthly household income in

Mandalay City is 83.20% and in Yangon City is 86.03%.

Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household

income in Mandalay City is 12.51 % and in Yangon City is Q.02%.

Tables 4.2.1.18 and 4.2.1.19 show the percentage contributions of wages and salaries and

entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household income.

Table 4.2.1.15 shows the average monthly household income in each State and Division.

Lowest average monthly household income happens in Kayah State for the States and

Divisions as a whole, for the Urban and Rural States and Divisions. The highest average monthly

household income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as,a whole, in Kachin

State for the Urban States and Divisions and in Ayeyarwady for the Rural States and Divisions.

Table 4.2.1.16 shows the ranking of States and Divisions by average monthly household

income.

Mandalay City has the average monthly household income of 11058.03 kyats and Yangon

City has the average monthly household income of 18997.36 kyats.

15

4.2.2. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household lncome Class

The monthly income of households is divided into 15 income classes. The percentage

distribution of households by monthly income class is shown for the Union in Table 4.2.2 and for

the States and Divisions in Tables 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.14.

For the Union as a whole, 6% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and

less. 64% of the households have the monthly income of 2001 to I 0000 kyats, 20% have the

monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 10% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and

above.

For the Urban Myanmar, 5% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and '

less. 59% of the households have the monthly income of 2001 to 10000 kyats, 24% have the

monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 13% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and

above.

For the Rural Myanmar, 7% of the households have the monthly income of 2000 kyats and

less. 69% have the monthly income of 2001 to I 0000 kyats, I 7% have the monthly income of

l 000 I to 20000 kyats and 7% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and above.

Percent of households with monthly income of I 0000 kyats and less for the Rural Myanmar

is more than the percent of households with monthly income of 10000 kyats and less for the Urban

Myanmar. On the other hand, percent of households with monthly income of I 000 I kyats and

above for the Rural Myanmar is less than the percent of households with monthly income of I 000 I

kyats and above for the Urban Myanmar.

In the monthly income class of 2000 kyats and less for the States and Divisions as a whole,

Chin State has the highest percentage, followed closely by Kayah State. States and Divisions with

I 0% or more of households having the monthly income of 2000 kyats and less are: Rakhine State

(13%), Shan State (11%), and Saging Division (10%) besides Chin State (21%) and Kayah State

(21%).

In that income class for the Urban States and Divisions, Rakhine State has the highest

percentage among the Urban States and Divisions. Urban States and Divisions with I 0% or more of

households having that monthly income are Chin State (13%), Sagaing Division (10%), and

Magway Division (10%) besides the Rakhine State (16%).

In the same income class for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the highest

percentage among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with I 0% or more of

households in that income class are Chin State (23%), Shan State (14%), Rakhine State (13%) and

Sagaing Division (11%) besides Kayah State (26%).

In the monthly income class of 2001 to 10000 kyats, for the States and Divisions as a

whole, Magway Division has the highest percentage of households. States and Divisions with 70%

16

or more of households in that incomes class are Kayah State (73%), Mandalay Division (72%),

Bago Division (71 %), and Rakhine State (70%) besides MagwaY. Division (87%).

In that income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the highest

percentage among Urban States and Divisions. Urban States and Divisions with 70% or more of

households having that incomes class are Magway Division (75%), Mandalay Division (71°/o), and

Ayeyarwady Division (70%) besides Kayah State (80%).

In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Magway Division has the highest

percentage of households among Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with 70%

or more of households having that income class are Bago Division (74%), Shan State (73%) and

Mandalay Division (72%) and Rakhine State (71 %) besides Magway Division (90%).

In the income class of 10001 to 20000 kyats, for the States and Divisions as a whole, Kayah

State has the lowest percentage and Tanintharyi Division has the highest percentage. State and

Division with I 0% or less of households in that income class is Magway Division (7%), besides

Kayah State (7%).

In that income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest

percentage of (8%) among the Urban States and Divisions. No other Urban States or Divisions have

(10%) or less of households in that income class.

In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest

percentage of households among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural State and Division with I 0%

or less of households in that income class is Magway Division (6%), besides Kayah State ( 4%).

In the income class of 20001 kyats and above for the States and Divisions, Kayah State has

the lowest percentage of households. States and Divisions with I 0% and less of households with

that income class are: Magway Division (2%), Rakhine State (3%), Chin State (3%), Shan State

(6%), Sagaing Division (6%), Bago Division (6%), Mandalay Division (7%), Mon State (9%)

besides Kayah State (1%).

In thiJ.t income class, for the Urban States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest

percentage of households among the Urban States and Divisions. Urban States. and Divisions with

10% or less of households in that income class are: Magway Division (3%), Rakhine State (3%),

Mandalay Division (6%), Ayeyarwady Division (7%), Sagaing Division (7%), Mon State (8%) and

Chin State (9%) besides Kayah State (3%).

In that income class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Kayah State has the lowest

percentage of households among the Rural States and Divisions. Rural States and Divisions with

I 0% and less of households having that income class are: Magway Division (2%), Rakhine State

(3%), Chin State (3%), Shan State (6%), Sagaing Division (6%), Bago Division (6%), Mandalay

Division (7%), Mon State (9%) besides Kayah State (1 %).

17

Tables 4.2.2.15 to 4.2.2.17 show the percentage distribution of households by .combined

monthly household income class.

4.3.Monthly Household Expenditure

In the HIES (1997), household expenditure was collected on 32 main groups. Ten groups

referred to the consumption of these items during the day before the day the household was

interviewed. Two items referred to the consumption of these items during 7 days before the day the

household was interviewed. Six items referred to the consumption of these items during the 30 days

before the day the household was interviewed. One item referred to the consumption of this item

during 30 days or during 12 months before the day the household was interviewed. Thirteen items

referred to the consumption of these items during 12 months before the day the household was

interviewed. Table 4.3.1 and 4.3.1.1 to 4.3.1.14 show the average expenditure of households on

these items, grouped into 2 main groups of-

(1) Food and beverages,

(2) Non-food

Under food and beverages, there are 16 items. There are 17 items under non-food.

4.3.1. Average Monthly Household Expenditure (Total)

Mean monthly household expenditure (Total) is estimated as 13784.51 kyats for the Union,

15266.42 kyats for the Urban Myanmar, 13091.16 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. It shows that mean

monthly household expenditure of Rural Myanmar is less than the mean monthly household

expenditure of Urban Myanmar by 2175.26 kyats. Table 4.3.1.15 shows the average monthly

household expenditure for the States and Divisions.

Median monthly household expenditure is estimated as 13549.52 kyats for the Union,

13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 13499.80 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. This means

that half of the households have the monthly expenditure to be less than 13549.52 kyats for the

Union, to be less than 13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and to be less than 13499.80 kyats

for the Rural Myanmar. Thus, median monthly household expenditure for Urban Myanmar is only

slightly larger than that of Rural Myanmar.

Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure among the States and

·Divisions with 19294.50 kyats, followed by Shan State with 16649.91 kyats and Kachin State with

16368.98 kyats. Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure among the

Urban States and Divisions with 19929.62 kyats, followed by Shan State with 19540.74 kyats and

Kachin State with 19074.86 kyats. Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household

expenditure among the Rural States and Divisions with 19041.34 kyats, followed by Shan State

18

with 15815.44 kyats and Kachin State with 15494.24 kyats. Table 4.3.1.16 shows the ranking of

States and Divisions by monthly household expenditure.

Average monthly household expenditure of Mandalay City is 18273.60 kyats and average

monthly household expenditure of Yangon City is 16234.81 kyats.

4.3.2.Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages

Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages is estimated as 9779.45 kyats for the

Union, 10419.99 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 9479.30 kyats for the Rural Myanmar. Monthly

household expenditure on food and beverages for the Union is 71 % of the total monthly household

expenditure for the Union. The percentages are 68% for the Urban Myanmar and 72% for the Rural

Myanmar. This shows that rural households in Myanmar spend more on food and beverages

compared to urban households in Myanmar.

For the Union, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is 20% of the monthly

household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and beverages.

The two next highest items are cooking oil and fats with 9% and meat with 7%.

For the Urban Myanmar, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is I 6% of the

monthly household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and

beverages. The two next highest items are meat with 9% and cooking oil and fats with 8%.

For the Rural Myanmar, monthly household expenditure on rice and cereals is 22% of the

monthly household expenditure, being the highest percentage among the 16 items under food and

beverages. The two next highest items are cooking ciil and fats with I 0% and meat with 7%.

Households in Rural Myanmar spend more than the households in Urban Myanmar on such

items as, rice and other cereals, pulses, ngapi and nganpyaye, vegetables, cooking oil and fats,

spices and condiments, beverages, sugar and other food. On such items as meat, eggs, fish and

crustacea (fresh), fish and crustacea (dried), fruits, milk and milk products, other miscellaneous

food and food taken outside home, households in Urban Myanmar spend more than the households

in Rural Myanmar.

Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by States and

Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure on food and

beverages with 13099.47 kyats, followed by.Shan State with 12144.78 kyats and Kachin State with

11849.72 kyats.

Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by Urban States and


beverages with 13726.32 kyats, followed by Kachin State with 13660.87 kyats and Shan State with

13178.02 kyats.

19

Of the monthly household expenditures on food and beverages spent by Rural States and


beverages with 12849.61 kyats, followed by Shan State with 11846.52 kyats and Kachin State with

11264.22 kyats. Table 4.3.2 shows the monthly household expenditure on food and beverages.

Table 4.3.2.1 shows the ranking of States and Divisions in decreasing order of monthly household

expenditure on food and beverages.

Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Mandalay City is 12700.56 kyats

and monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Yangon City is I 0417. 19 kyats.

4.3.3.Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food

It is estimated that monthly household expenditure on non-food is 4005.06 kyats for the

Union as whole, 4846.43 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 3611.86 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.

Estimated monthly household expenditure on non-food for the Union, as a whole is 29% of the

estimated total monthly household expenditure for the Union as a whole. The percentage is 32% for

the Urban Myanmar and 28% for the Rural Myanmar. Thus, Rural Myanmar spends more than

Urban Myanmar on food and beverages, but Urban Myanmar spends more than Rural Myanmar on

non-food which reflects the true consumption patterns of urban and rural households.

All of the percentages of monthly household expenditure on each of the non-food items are

less than 5%, the highest being the percentage of monthly household expenditure spent on fuel and

light. The percentage is 4.80% for the Union, 4.82% for the Urban Myanmar and 4.87% for the

Rural Myanmar. The two items .with the next highest percentages are charity and ceremonials,

clothing and apparel. The percentage of monthly household expenditure on charity and

ceremonials is 3.74% for the Union as a whole, 3.84% for Urban Myanmar and 3.67% for Rural

Myanmar. The percentage of monthly household expenditure on clothing and apparel is 3.31 % for

the Union, 3.41 % for the Urban Myanmar and 3.14% for the Rural Myanmar.

Monthly household expenditure for educational purposes in 1.43 % of total monthly

household expenditure for the Union, 1.9 % for Urban Myanmar and 1.06 % for Rural Myanmar.

Thus as a percent of total monthly household expenditure, Urban Myanmar households spend 0.84

% more on education than Rural Myanmar households.

Household expenditure for educational purposes is 289.91 kyats for Urban Myanmar and

139.43 kyats for Rural Myanmar. This implies that expenditure for educational purposes of

households in Urban Mynamar is twice that of the households in Rural Myanmar.

Monthly household expenditure on medical care as a percent of total monthly household

expenditure is 1.81 % for the Union, 1.68 % for Urban Myanmar and 1.80 % for Rural Myanmar.

Household expenditure on medical care is 256.02 Kyats for Urban Myanmar and 235.20 kyats for

20

Rural Myanmar. Thus, households m Urban Myanmar spend only slightly .more than the

households in Rural Myanmar on medical care.

Monthly household expenditure for recreation is pretty low, 0.3 I % for Union, 0.33 % for

the Urban Myanmar, 0.30 % for the Rural Myanmar. As is expected, Urban Myanmar households

spend more on recreation than Rural Myanmar households. Monthly household expenditures for

journey travelling expenses is also low, 0.68 % for the Union, 0.79 % for Urban Myanmar and

0.64 % for the Rural Myanmar. As is expected, Urban Myanmar households spend more on journey

travelling expenses than Rural Myanmar households.

It is interesting to note that expenditure on charity and ceremonials as a percent of total

household expenditure is comparatively high. It is second to the expenditure on fuel and light and

much more than expenditure on medical care and education as a percentage of total monthly

expenditure.

Among the non-food items, monthly household expenditures on such items as travelling

expenses, journey travelling expenses, clothing and apparel, personal use good, cleansing and toilet,

house rent and repairs, stationary and school supplies, education, recreation, charity and

ceremonials for Urban Myanmar are higher than the respective monthly household expenditures

for Rural Myanmar. For such items as tobacco, fuel and light, crockeries, other household goods,

furniture, medical care and other expenses, Rural Myanmar households are found to spend more

than Urban Myanmar households.

For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of States and

Divisions, Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly household expenditure with 6195.03 kyats,

followed by Yangon Division with 5400.44 kyats and Kachin State with 4519.26 kyats.

For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of Urban States and

Divisions, Shan State has the highest monthly household expenditure on non-food with 6262. 72

kyats, followed by Tanintharyi Division with 6203 .31 kyats and Yangon Division with 5716.18

kyats.

For the monthly household expenditure on non-food of the households of Rural Myanmar,

Tanintharyi Division has the highest monthly expenditure on non-food, followed by Yangon

Division with 4491.88 kyats and Kachin State with 4230.02 kyats.

Monthly household expenditure on non-food of Mandalay City 1s 5573.05 kyats and

monthly household expenditure on non-food of Yangon City is 5817.62 kyats.

Table 4.3.3 shows the monthly household expenditure on non-food. Table 4.3.3. l shows the

ranking of States and Divisions by monthly household expenditure on non-food.

21

4.3.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class

Households are classified by 15 monthly expenditure classes and percentage distributions of

households by monthly household expenditure class are obtained as shown in Tables 4.3 .4 and

4.3.4. l to 4.3.4.14.

For the Union as a whole, 9% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of

6000 kyats and less. 50% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of between

. 6001 and 14000 kyats, 21 % of the households have the monthly household expenditure of between

14001 and 20000 kyats and 21 % of the households have the monthly household expenditure of

2000 l kyats and above.

For the Urban Myanmar, 10% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of

6000 kyats and less. 4 7% have the monthly household expenditure of between 600 I and 14000

kyats, 21 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats and 22%

have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and abov.e.

For the Rural Myanmar, 8% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of

6000 kyats and less. 51 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 6001 and 14000

kyats, 21 % have the monthly household expenditure of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats and 20%

have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and above.

In the monthly household expenditure class of 6000 kyats and less for the States and

Divisions as a whole, Chin State has the highest percentage of households in that monthly

household 'expenditure class. The other two States and Divisions with the next highest percentage

of households in that monthly household expenditure class are Magway Division and Kayah State.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Urban States and Divisions,

Ayeyarwady Division has the highest percentage of households. The other two Urban States and

Divisions with the next highest percentage of households in that monthly household expenditure

class are Magway Division and Rakhine State.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Rural States and Divisions, Chin

State has the highest percentage of households. The other two Rural States. and Divisions with the

next highest percentage of households in that monthly hOusehold expenditure class are Kayah State

and Magway Division.

In the monthly household expenditure class of between 600 I and 14000 kyats for the States

and Divisions as a whole, Magway Division has the highest percentage of households, followed by

Sagaing Division and Kayah State.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Urban States and Divisions,

Kayah State has the highest percentage of households followed by Magway Divi~ion and Mon

State:

22

In that same monthly household expenditure class, for the Rural States and Divisions,

Magway Division has the highest percentage of households followed by Sagaing and Mandalay

Divisions.

In. the monthly household expenditure class of between 1400 I and 20000 kyats for the

States and Divisions as a whole, Kayin State has the highest percentage of households, followed by

Tanintharyi Division and Kachin State.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kayin State has the highest percentage

of households among the Urban States and Divisions, followed by Shan State and Tanintharyi

Division.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kayiri State has the highest percentage

of households among the Rural States and Divisions, followed by Kachin State and Tanintharyi

Division.

In the monthly household expenditure class of 20001 kyats and above, Tanintharyi Division

has the highest percentage of households among the States and Divisions as a whole, followed by

Shan and Kachin States.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, Kachin State has the highest percentage

of households among the Urban States and Divisions, followed by Shan State and Tanintharyi

Division.

In that same monthly household expenditure class, Tanintharyi Division has the highest

percentage of households among the Rural States ?-nd Divisions, followed by Shan State and

Ayeyarwady Division.

Tables 4.3.4.15 to 4.3.4.17 show the percentage distributions of households by combined

monthly household expenditure class.

5. Summary Findings

5.1. Average Household Size Average household size for the Union is 5.25, for the Urban Myanmar is 5.22 and for the.

Rural Myanmar is 5.32.Thus, average household size of Rural Myanmar is only slightly larger than

that of the Urban Myanmar.

Among the States and Divisions, Kachin State has the largest average household size with

6.63 and Bago Division has the smallest average household size with 4.62.

Among the Urban States and Divisions, Kachin State has the largest household size with

6.81 and Mandalay Division has the smallest household size with 4. 94.

Among the Rural States and Divisions, Chin State has the largest household size with 6.67

and Bago Division has the smallest household size with 4.48.

23

In some States and Divisions, rural average household size is larger than urban average

household size. These States and Divisions are: Kayah, Chin and Mon States, Sagaing, Mandalay,

Magway and Ayeyarwady Divisions.

Mandalay City has the average household size of 4.89. Yangon City has the average

household size of 5.16.

5.2 Household Size Distribution

For the Union, 8.79% of the urban households have household sizes of I to 2 persons.

76.45% of the urban households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 12. 14% have household

sizes of 8 to. 10 persons and 2.63% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons and

above.

7.66% of the rural households have household sizes of I to 2 persons. 77.40% of the rural

households have household sizes of3 to 7 persons, I 2. 97% have household sizes of 8 to I 0 persons

and I. 99% have household sizes of I 1 persons and above.

In most of the States and Divisions, less than 10% of the households have the household

· sizes of I to 2 persons. In some States and Divisions, less than I 0% of the households have the

household sizes of 1 person or 1 to 3 persons or I to 4 persons.

Similarly, in most of the States and Divisions, less than I 0% of the households have

household sizes of 8 to 11 persons and above. But in some States and Divisions, less than 10% of

the households have the household sizes of 7 to I I persons and above or 9 to I I persons and above.

In Mandalay City, 7.73% of the households have the household sizes of I to 2 persons.

82.55% of the households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 8.84% of the households have

household sizes of8 to IO persons and 0.89% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons

and above.

In Yangon City, 7.15%· of the hol!seholds have the household sizes of I to 2 persons.

78.89% of the households have household sizes of 3 to 7 persons, 10.71% of the household have

household sizes of 8 to 10 persons and 2.27% of the households have household sizes of 11 persons

and more.

5.3 Average Monthly Household Income

For the Union, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as l 0122. 98

kyats. and 6966.15 kyats respectively. 50.68% of the average monthly household income is

contributed by wages and salaries, 43.86% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.

For the Urban Myanmar, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as

13005.76 kyats and 7369.58 kyats, respectively. 79.89% of this income is contributed by wages and

salaries, 15.33% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.

24

For the Rural Myanmar, mean and median monthly household incomes are estimated as

8905.65 kyats and 6604.60 kyats, respectively. 38.78% of this income is contributed by wages and

salaries, 55.91% is contributed by entrepreneurial income.

Wages and salaries contribute to the average monthly household income much more in the

Urban Myanmar than in the Rural Myanmar. The reverse is true for the entrepreneurial income.

Highest contribution by the wages and salaries to the average monthly household income

happens in Yangon Division among the States and Divisions as a whole. It occurs in Kayin State

among the Urban States and Divisions, and in Kachin State among the Rural States and Divisions.

Lowest contribution by the wages and salaries to the average monthly household income

happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for Urban and Rural States

and Divisions.

The highest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household

income happens in Chin State for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for the Urban and

Rural States and Divisions.

The lowest contribution by the entrepreneurial income to the average monthly household

income happens in Yangon Division for the States and Divisions as a whole and also for the Urban

States and Divisions. It happens in Rakhine State for the Rural States and Divisions.

Yangon Division has the highest average household income for the States and Divisions as

a whole. Kachin State has the highest average household income for the Urban States and

Divisions. Ayeyarwady Division has the highest average household income for the Rural States and

Divisions.

Mandalay City has the average monthly household income of 11058.03 kyats.

Yangon City has the average monthly household income of 18997.36 kyats.

In Mandalay City, wages and salaries contribute 84.68% and entrepreneurial income

contributes 12.51% of the average monthly household income.

In Yangon City, wages and salaries contribute 86.03% and entrepreneurial mcome

contributes 6.02% of the average monthly household income.

5.4. Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class

For the Union, 6% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000 kyats and

less. 66% of the households have the monthly household income of 200 I to I 0000 kyats. I 9% have

the monthly income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and 9% have the monthly income of 20001 kyats. and

above.

5% of the households in the Urban Myanmar and 7% of the households in the Rural

Myanmar have the monthly income of2000 kyats and less.

25

12% of the households in the Urban Myanmar have the monthly income of 20001 kyats and

above, but only 7% of the households in the Rural Myanmar have that income.

Generally, percent of households with monthly income of 10000 kyats and less in the Rural

Myanmar is more than the percent of households with that income in the Urban Myanmar. The

reverse is true for the monthly household income of 2000 I kyats and above.

In the household income class of 2000 kyats and less, Chin State has the highest percentage

of households among the States and Divisions. Rakhine State has the highest percentage of

households among the Urban States and Divisions. Kayah State has the highest percentage of

households among the Rural States and Divisions.

In the household income class of 20001 kyats and above, Kayah State has the lowest

percentage of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the Urban and

Rural States and Divisions.

In the Mandalay City, 1.66% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000

kyats and less. 63. 7% of the households have the monthly household income of 2001 to 10000

kyats, 26.51 % of the household have the monthly household income of 1000 l to 20000 kyats and

8.05% of the household have the monthly household income of 20001 kyats and above.

In the Yangon City, 2.34% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000

kyats and less. 46.4% of the households have the monthly household income of 2001 to I 0000

kyats, 30. I 9% of the household have the monthly household income of 10001 to 20000 kyats and

21.03% of the households have the monthly household income of 2000 I kyats and above.

5.5 Average Monthly Household Expenditure

Mean and median monthly household expenditures are estimated as 13784.51 kyats and

13549.52 kyats for the Union, 15266.42 kyats and 13672.85 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and

I 3091.16 kyats and 13499.80 kyats for the Rural Myanmar, respectively.

Tanintharyi State has the highest monthly expenditure among the overall States and

Divisions, and also among the Urban and Rural States and Divisions. Next come Shan and Kachin

States.

Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages is estimated as 9738.34 kyats for the

Union, 10281.52 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 9479.30 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.

It is 71 % of the monthly household expenditure (total) for the Union, 68% for the Urban

Myanmar and 72% for the Rural Myanmar.

Monthly household expenditure on nee and cereals is 20% of the monthly household

expenditure for the Union, 16% for the Urban Myanmar and 22% for the Rural Myanmar.

Monthly household expenditure on non-food is estimated as 4005.06 kyats for the Union,

4846.43 kyats for the Urban Myanmar and 3611.86 kyats for the Rural Myanmar.

26

It is 29% of the monthly household expenditure for the Union, 32% for the Urban Myanmar

and 28% for the Rural Myanmar.

Average monthly household expenditure of Mandalay City is estimated as 18273.60 kyats

and that of Yangon City is estimated as 16234.81 kyats.

Average monthly household expenditure on food and beverages of Mandalay City 1s

estimated as 12700.56 kyats and that of Yangon City is 10417.19 kyats.

Average monthly household expenditure on non-food of the Mandalay City is estimated as

5573.05 kyats and that of Yangon City is 5817.62 kyats.

5.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class

For the Union, 8.47% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6000

kyats and less. 49.76% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to

14000 kyats. 21.08% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000

kyats and 20.68% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and

above.

Percents of households with the monthly household expenditure of 6000 kyats and less,

20001 kyats and above for the Urban Myanmar are higher than those for the Rural Myanmar.

Percents of households .with the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to 14000 kyats

and 14001 to 20000 kyats for the Urban Myanmar are lower than those for the Rural Myanmar.

Chin State has the highest percent of households with the monthly household expenditure of

6000 kyats and less among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the Rural States and

Divisions. In that expenditure class, Magway Division has the highest perc.ent of households among

the Urban States and Divisions.

In the· monthly household expenditure class of 6001 to 14000 kyats, Magway Division has

the highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among the

Rural States and Divisions. In that expenditure class, Kayah State has the highest percent of

households among the Urban States and Divisions.

In the monthly household expenditure class of 14001 to 20000 kyats, Kayin State has the

highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole, and also among Urban

and Rural States and Divisions.

In the monthly household expenditure class of 20001 kyats and above, Tanintharyi Division

has the highest percent of households among the States and Divisions as a whole and also among

the Rural States and Divisions. In that expenditure class, Kachin State has the highest percent of

households among the Urban States and Divisions.

In Mandalay City, 1.08% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of

6000 kyats or less. 44.6% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to

27

14000 kyats, 30.02% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000

kyats and 24.32% have the monthly household expenditure of 20001 kyats and above.

In Yangon City, 4.37% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6000

kyats or less. 41. 95% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 6001 to 14000

kyats. 25 .3 7% of the households have the monthly household expenditure of 14001 to 20000 kyats

and 28 .3 I% have the monthly household expenditure of 2000 I kyats and above.

Estimates for Yangon city and Mandalay city are shown in Tables 5.1 and 5.2.

5.7 Comparison with Household Expenditure Survey (1989)

In the HIES (1997), average household size for the Union is 5.25 which is only slightly less

than the value 5.27 obtained in HES (1989).

In the HIES (1997), monthly household expenditure for the U.nion is 13784.51 kyats which

is quite different from the value 1795.50 kyats obtained in HES (1989). Thus, monthly household

expenditure for the Union obtained in HIES (1997) is 7.68 times the value obtained in HES (1989).

In the HIES (1997), percentage contribution of expenditure on food and beverages to the

monthly household expenditure is 70.95% which is less than 74.03% obtained in HES (1989).

Percentage contribution of expenditure on non-food to the monthly household expenditure is

29.05%, which is greater than 25.97% obtained in HES (1989).

Monthly household expenditure for the Urban Myanmar is obtained as 15266.42 kyats

which is quite different from the value 1947.75 kyats obtained in HES ( 1989). Monthly household

expenditure for the Urban Myanmar obtained in the HIES ( 1997) is 7.84 times the value obtained in

HES (1989).

Monthly household expenditure for the Rural Myanmar is obtained as 13091.16 kyats

which is quite different from the value 1743 .92 kyats obtained in HES ( 1989). Monthly household

expenditure for the Rural Myanmar obtained in the HIES (1997) is 7.51 times the value obtained in

HES (1989).

In all the States. and Divisions monthly household expenditures obtained in HIES ( 1997) are

5. 77 to 9.64 times the values obtained in HES (1989).

Average household size of Mandalay City IS 4.89 In the HIES ( 1997) and IS 5.48

in HES ( 1989).

Average household size of Yangon City IS 5.16 In the HIES (1997) and IS 5. 18

in HES (1989).

Average household expenditure of Mandalay City is 18273.60 kyats in the HIES (1997) and

it is 1959.00 kyats in HES (1989). Average household expenditure of Mandalay City obtained in

the HIES (I 997) is 9.33 times the value obtained in HES (1989).

28

Average household expenditure of Yangon City is 16234.81 kyats in the HIES (1997) and it

is 2026.37 kyats in HES (1989). Average household expenditure of Yangon City obtained in the

HIES (I 997) is 8.01 times the value obtained in HES (1989).

Tables 5.3 and 5.4 show some comparisons between the results obtained in HES (1989) and

HIES ( 1997).

6. Comments and Conclusion

HIES (I 997) was carried out with a relatively short period of six months preparation time.

But CSO was able to use the well-trained staff to conduct the survey nation wide, except in a few

inaccessible townships. Although some townships have to be left out from the sampling frame, the

survey was designed to represent the sample population and also to enable to find estimates at the

Union level, State and Division level, Township level, including Rural and Urban at each level.

Besides the random sampling of townships, based on which the estimates were calculated, some

townships of interest were also surveyed to be able to calculate estimates for those special

townships.

Minimum number of sample townships was used within the capacity of staff strength of

CSO, but was enough to find estimates. For simplicity and due to lack of necessary data, simple

random sampling was used at each stage of the three-stage sampling. If time permits and if the

necessary data could have been available, more suitable sample design could be used.

Except the outcome of some unexpected results, the survey results support the well

accepted cases. It sheds light on the situation of States and Divisions, Rural and Urban. The

peculiar fact of getting household income to be less than household expenditure in some previous

economic surveys of Myanmar households has to be faced in this survey too. This may be either

due to the wnderreporting of the household income by the respondents and overreporting of the

household expenditure by the respondents, not reporting the extra income or due to actual

overspending of the households. Except this unavoidable and some irregularities in the survey

results, the survey results seem to shed light on household expenditure patterns and also yield

valuable information for the computation of living cost based on CPI for the whole of Myanmar as

well as by region and key city.

Statistical Tables

30

Table 4.1 Percentage. Distribution of Ho.useholds by Size

Union

'\J.

31

Table 4.1.I Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kachin State

Household Size Urban Rural

person 0.64 0.69

2 persons 7.39 2.28 .... persons 5.48 5.82 .J

4 persons 9.96 10.67

5 persons 15.80 16.44

6 persons 12.63 17.70

7 persons 14.17 15.50

8 persons 7.08 10.27

9 persons 7.43 9.13

10 persons 6.48 4.39

11 persons & above 12.92 7 .11

Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kayah State

State

0.68

3.53

5.74

10.49

16.28

16.46

15.17

9.49

8.72

4.90

8.53

100.00

S.N.1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s 9

10

11

S.N.1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

32

Table 4.1.3 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Kayin State

Household Size Urban 1- Rural -I person 0.86 2.06

2 persons 3.42 6.48

... persons 6.97 12.29 .)

4 persons. 14.81 17.58

5 persons 21.14 1.9.80

6 persons 16. 71 15.11

7 persons 11.93 11.44

8 persons 8.81 6.95

9 persons 7.36 5.27

10 persons 4.61 0.90

11 persons & above 3.36 2.54

Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Chin State

Household Size Urban Rural I 1 person 4.94 0.59

2 persons 5.79 3.41

3 persons 12.64 5.61

4 persons 13.64 13.03

5 persons 9.03 13.98

6 persons 12.00 15.78

7 persons 14.03 13.81

8 persons 10.61 9.44

9 persons 8.39 9.02

10 persons . 4.79 6.97


Total 100.00 100.00

State

1.91

6.11

11.64

17.25

19.97

15.30

11.50

7.18

5.53

1.35

2.64

100.00

State

1.40

3.85

6.91

13.15

13.07

15.08

13.85

9.66

8.90

6.56

7.58

100.00

S.N.

2

~

.)

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

I I

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

l I

33

Table 4.1.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size

Sagaing Division

Household Size Urban Rural Division

person 3.78 1.62

2 persons 8.02 6.53

3 persons 14.54 I 1.22

4 persons 16.42 16.05

5 persons 1..5.26 15.87

6 persons 16.13 I 7.37

7 persons I 1.7 I 12.20

8 persons 7.69. 7.55

9 persons 3.01 5.66

10 persons 1.85 2.81


Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Tanintharyi Division


person l.19 1.87

2 persons 4.53 6.57

3 persons 9.08 10.94

4 persons 13. I 0 15.19

5 persons 17.85 17.74

6 persons I 8.57 14.5 I

7 persons 15.94 12.75

8 persons 8.56 9.85

9 persons 4.52 5.88

10 persons 2.14 2.20


Total 100.00 100.00

1.99

6.79

11.79

16.1 I

15.76

17. 16

12. 12

7.57

5.20

2.64

2.85

100.00

Division

1.68

5.99

10.41

14.60

17.77

15.67

13.65

9.48

5.49

2.18

3.09

100.00

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

34

Table 4.1.7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Bago Division


person 1.88 1.94

2 persons 6.09 9.21 ..,

persons 17.56 19.59 .)

4 persons 17.86 25.51

5 persons 20.58 18.24

6 persons 16.33 12.50

7 persons 8.08 7.69

8 persons 4.10 3.38

9 persons 3. I 7 1.02

10 persons 1.80 0.51


Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Magway Division

Division

1.93

8.46

I 9.10

23.67

18.80

13.42

7.78

3.55

1.54

0.82

0.94

100.00


person 1.44 2.52 2.32

2 persons 7.08 5.44 5.74 ..,

persons 11.74 10.01 10.33 .)

4 persons 18.03 17.62 17.70

5 persons 18.10 17.88 17.92

6 persons 14.15 16.51 16.07

7 persons 11.03 13.50 13.05

8 persons 8.10 7.80 7.86

9 persons 4.11 4.12 4.12

10 persons 2.43 2.46 2.46

11 persons & above 3.79 2.16 2.46 I

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

35

Table 4.1.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Mandalay Division


person 1.93 1.46

2 persons 8.67 4.8)

3 persons 13.27 11.10

4 persons 21.20 18.24

5 persons 21.91 19.12

6 persons 12.20 18.37

7 persons 8.57 12.68

8 persons 5.29 6.83

9 persons 3.82 4.00

10 persons 1.60 1.57


Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Mon State

Division

1.61

6.06

11.80

19.20

20.03

16.37

11.35

6.33

3.94

1.58

1.75

100.00

S.N.,

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

I I

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

36

Table 4.1.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Rakhine State


person 2.21 1.64

2 persons 3.19 I 1.40 ..,

persons 9.37 14.71 j

4 persons I 6.3 l 19.68

5 persons 16.26 21.67

6 persons 14.47 13.09

7 persons 14.52 8.84

8 persons 6.36 4.52

9 persons 8.30 2.74

10 persons 4.66 1.29


Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Yangon Division


person 1.41 1.67

2 persons 6.29 8.01

3 persons 15.06 13.8 I

4 persons 20.38 I 7.67

5 persons 21.26 21.73

6 persons 14.42 16.58

7 persons 8.58 8.08

8 persons 5.17 5.79

9 persons 3.54 3.31

10 persons 1.64 1.67


Total 100.00 100.00

State

1.74

9.88

13.72

19.06

20.67

13.35

9.89

4.86

3.77

1.9 I

1.16

100.00

Division

1.48

6.73

14.73

19.68

21.38

14.98

8.45

5.33

3.48

1.64

2.1 I

100.00

S.N.1

2

3

4·

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

37

Table 4.1.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Shan State


person 1.54 0.32

2 persons 3.00 4.11 ...,

persons 6.30 11.25 .J

4 persons 10.76 16.34

5 persons 17.84 17.97

6 persons 18.15 17.42

7 persons 14.16 13.33

8 persons 9.62 8.27

9 persons 7.62 6.58

10 persons 4.62 2.24


Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.1.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size Ayeyarwady Division

State

0.59

3.86

10.14

15.09

17.95

17.58

13.51

8.57

6.81

2.77

3.13

100.00


1 person 1.30 0.59 1.17

2 persons 9.99 4.91 9.07

3 persons 16.65 11.40 15.69

4 persons 20.58 20.66 20.60

5 persons 16.17 20.18 16.90

6 persons 13.41 16.44 13.96

7 persons 8.13 10.67 8.59

8 persons 6.45 6.69 6.49

9 persons 2.67 3.93 2.90

10 persons 2.68 2.82 2.71

11 persons & above 1.96 1.73 1.92

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

S.N.,

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

38

Table 4.2.1 Average Monthly Household Income by Source

Union

(Percent )

Source of Income Urban Rural Union

Average monthly income (Kyats) 13005.76 8905.65 10122.98

Wages and salaries

(I) In cash 77.87 37.83 49.71

(2) In kind 1.02 0.95 0.97

Entrepreneurial income 15.33 55.91 43.86

Pension 0.44 0.14 0.23

Rent 0.82 0.51 0.61

Interest 0.65 0.22 0.35

Remittances 2.67 0.93 1.44

Bonus and other 0.97 1.64 1.44

Other (In kind) 0.24 1.87 l.39

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

S.N. J

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

39

Table 4.2.1.1 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kachin State

(Percent)

Household Size Urban Rural State


Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 76.95 67.14 69.54

(2) In kind 0.69 0.23 0.34

Entrepreneurial mcome 17.09 28.07 25.39

Pension .0.35 0.21 0.24

Rent l.22 0.08 0.36

Interest 0.13 0.02 0.05



Other (In kind) 0.06 3.83 2.91

Tata! 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.2 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kayah State

(Percent)

Source of Income Urban Rural State


Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 62.51 28.47 38.84

(2) In kind 0.04 0.60 0.43


Pension 0.31 0.52 0.46

Rent 0.51 1.24 l.02

Interest 0.19 0.05 0.09



Other (In kind) 0.01 0.16 0.11

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

40

Table 4.2.1.3 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Kay in State

(Percent)

S.N., Household Size Urban Rural State

Average monthly income (Kyats) 1324 l.82 I 1599.90 I 1800.54

2 Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 86.67 58.65 62.08

(2) In kind 0.55. l.48 1.36 ..,

Entrepreneurial income 9. 14 33.46 30.49 j

4 Pension 0.47 0.08 0.13

5 Rent 0.90 0.56 0.60

6 Interest 0.26 0.35 0.34

7 Remittances 1.88 3.40 3.22

8 Bonus and other 0.02 0.12 0.11

9 Other (In kind) 0.10 1.89 1.67

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.4 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Chin State

(Percent)

S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural State

I Average monthly income (Kyats) 9976.25 6121.53 6836.21


(1) In cash 41.42 8.45 14.56

(2) In kind 0.64 2.79 2.39

3 Entrepreneurial income 43.42 72.86 67.40

4 Pension 0.41 0.46 0.45

5 Rent 1.34 1.05 1.10

6 Interest 1.09 0.26 0.41

7 Remittances 3.64 1.69 2.05


9 Other (In kind) 6.76 9.95 9.36

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

41

Table 4.2.1.5 ·Average Monthly Hou1sehold Income by Source Sagaing Division

(Percent )

S.N. Household Size Urban Rural Division



(1) In cash 80.08 39.39 46.38

(2) In kind 2.02 1.04 1.21


4 Pension 0.49 0.05 0.13

5 Rent 0.35 0.19 0.22

6 Interest 0.91 0.18 0.30

7 Remittances 2.02 0.50 0.76


9 Other (In kind) 0.50 0.38 0.41

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.6 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Tanintharyi Division

(Percent)

S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural Division



(1) In cash 85.08 63.39 69.57

(2) In kind 1.79 0.67 0.99

3 Entrepreneurial mcome 9.69 33.50 26.71

4 Pension 0.17 0.04 0.08

5 Rent 0.12 0.23 0.20

6 Interest 0.18 0.10 0.12

7 Remittances 2.50 1.72 1.94


9 Other (In kind) 0.19 0.07 0.10

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

42

Table 4.2.1. 7 Average Monthly Household Income by Source

Bago Division

( Percent)

S.N. Household Size · Urban Rural Division



(1) In cash 57.44 3 l.66 37.87

(2) In kind l.60 2.74 2.47


4 Pension 0.33 0.29 0.30

5 Rent 0.59 I.I 0 0.97

6 Interest l.88 0.72 1.00

7 Remittances 2.53 0.99 1.36

8 Bonus and other l.38 7.63 6.12

9 Other (In kind) 0.37 0.50 0.46

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.8 Average Monthly Household Income by Source

Magway Division

(Percent)

S.N. Source of Income Urban Rural Division



(1) In cash 74.75 35. 16 42.49

(2) In kind 0.66 0.42 0.47


4 Pension 0.75 0.30 0.38

5 Rent 0. 13 0.14 0.14

6 Interest 0.06 0.07 0.07

7 Remittances 2.99 1.43 1.72


9 Other (In kind) 0.08 1.65 1.36

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

43

Table 4.2.1.9 Average Monthly Household Income by Source

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

S.N.1

2

.,

.)

4

5

6

Mandalay Division


Average monthly income (Kyats) 8943.08 8510.07

Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 80.21 36.68

(2) In kind 0.90 0.57

Entrepreneurial mcome '!4.11 61.42

Pension 0.29 0.02

Rent 1.12 0.70

Interest 0.55 0.00

Remittances 1.68 0.28

Bonus and other 0.64 0.31

Other (In kind) 0.50 0.00

Total 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.10 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Mon State

Source of Income Urban I Rural

Average monthly income (Kyats) 10748.35 10777.56

Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 85.79 54.66

(2) In kind 0.54 1.90

Entrepreneurial mcome 6.36 31.44

Pension 0.18 0.16

Rent 0.32 0.47

Interest 0.30 0.65

7 . Remittances 5.48 5.47

8 Bonus and other 0.88 2.84

9 Other (In kind) 0.15 2.42

Total 100.00 100.00

(Percent)

Division

8650.39

50.79

0.68

46.09

0.11

0.84

0.18

0.74

0.41

0.16

100.00

(Percent)

State

10767.66

65.21

1.44

22.94

0.17

0.42

0.53

5.47

2.17

1.65

100.00

S.N.,

2

..,

.)

4

5

6

7

8

9

S.N.

2

..,

.)

4

5

6

7

8

9

44

Table 4.2.1.11 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Rakhine State

(Percent)



Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 77.79 60.83 63.97

(2) In kind 2.00 2.18 2.15


Pension 0.55 0.21 0.27

Rent 0.54 0.45 0.46

Interest 0.76 0.03 0.16



Other (In kind) 0.07 18.53 15. I I

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.12 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Yangon Division

(Percent)

Source of Income Urban Rural Division


Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 85.46 61.98 79.41

(2) In kind 0.87 1.36 1.00


Pension 0.53 0.31 0.47

Rent 1.28 0.19 1.00

Interest 0.66 0.07 0.5 I



Other (In kind) 0.05 1.92 0.54

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

S.N.

2

..,

.)

4

5

6

7

8

9

45

Table 4.2.1.13 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Shan State

(Percent)


Average monthly income (Kyats) 15 I 98.02 6429.72 8393.82

Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 82.97 37.16 47.42

(2) In kind 0.94 0.11 0.30


Pension 0.32 0.07 0.12

Rent 0.60 0.13 0.24

Interest 0. 12 0.00 0.03



Other (In kind) 0.03 0.11 0.09

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.1.14 Average Monthly Household Income by Source Ayeyarwady Division

(Percent)

Source of Income Urban Rural Division


Wages and salaries

(1) In cash 63.43 24.05 31.23

(2) In kind 0.73 0.05 0.18


Pension 0.41 0.05 0.11

Rent 0.21 0.74 0.64

Interest 0.37 0.31 0.32



Other (In kind) 0.22 2.07 1.73

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

46

Table 4.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Union

S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Union

Up to 2000 5.15 6.75 6.27

2 2001 to 4000 13.96 18.45 17.12

3 4001 to 6000 19.97 24.30 23.02

4 6001 to 8000 13.64 14.55 14.28

5 8001 to 10000 12.55 I 1.87 12.07

6 10001 to 12000 7.72 5.19 5.94

7 12001 to 14000 4.43 4.67 4.60 - -8 14001 to 16000 5. 16 2.78 3.49 -9 16001 to 18000 2.51 2.89 2.78

IO 18001 to 20000 2.53 1.5 I 1.81

1 I 20001 to 25000 3.22 2.85 2.98

12 25001 ·to 30000 2.39 1.55 1.80

13 30001 to 40000 2.23 1.25 1.54

14 40001 to 50000 1.29 0.74 0.91

15 50001 & above 3.16 0.68 1.41

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

47

Table 4.2.2.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Kach in State

S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State

Up to 2000 3.87 5.51 5.11

2 2001 to 4000 7.70 13.74 12.26

3 4001 to 6000 17.75 21.54 20.62

4 6001 to 8000 7.41 14.14 12.50

s 8001 to 10000 7.38 13.74 12.19

6 10001 to 12000 8.02 8.40 8.30

7 12001 to 14000 4.81 6.27 5.91

8 14001 to 16000 5.51 5.00 5.12

9 16001 to 18000 2.88 2.62 2.68

10 18001 to 20000 4.54 2.09 2.69

11 20001 to 25000 8.72 3.61 4.85

12 25001 to 30000 4.53 0.76 1.68

13 30001 to 40000 3.90 0.97 1.68

14 40001 to 50000 5.19 1.18 2.16

15 50001 & above 7.80 0.42 2.22

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.2.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Kayah State


Up to 2000 9.99 25.73 . 20.94

2 2001 to 4000 29.08 36.74 34.41 ..,

4001 to 6000 27.00 21.04 22.86 .)

4 6001 to 8000 17.92 9.92 12.35

5 8001 to 10000 5.55 1.70 2.87

6 10001 to 12000 4.55 1.94 2.73

7 12001 to 14000 1.91 1.50 1.62

8 14001 to 16000 0.18 0.24 0.22

9 16001 to 18000 0.91 0.00 0.28

10 18001 to 20000 0.09 0.72 0.53

11 20001 to 25000 1.00 0.24 0.47

12 25001 to 30000 1.82 0.00 0.55

13 30001 to 40000 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 40001 to 50000 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 50001 & above 0.00 0.24 0.17

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

48

Table 4.2.2.3 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Ch1ss Kayin State


Up to 2000 4.34 6.66 6.37

2 2001 to 4000 13.21 14.89 14.69

3 4001 to 6000 14.24 16.53 16.25

4 6001 to 8000 12.64 13.31 13.22

5 8001 to 10000 11.14 12.67 12.48

6 10001 to 12000 10.29 5.52 6.10

7 12001 to 14000 4.69 5.45 5.36

8 14001 to 16000 4.34 5.54 5.40

9 16001 to 18000 3.65 3.07 3.14

10 18001 to 20000 3.26 2.00 2.15

l l 20001 to 25000 5.89 5.13 5.22

12 25001 to 30000 5.83 2.38 2.80

13 30001 to 40000 2.38 3.38 3.25

14 40001 to 50000 1.54 1.48 1.49

15 50001 & above 2.56 2.00 2.07

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.2.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Chin State


Up to 2000 12.94 22.97 21.11

2 2001 to 4000 20.94 23.46 22.99

3 4001 to 6000 19.46 17.39 17.77

4 6001 to 8000 13.24 13.10 13.13

5 8001 to 10000 7.21 7.18 7.18

6 10001 to 12000 7.00 4.46 4.93

7 12001 to 14000 4.03 4.05 4.05

8 14001 to 16000 3.00 3.03 3.03

9 16001 to 18000 3.21 1.72 2.00

10 18001 to 20000 0.39 0.61 0.57

11 20001 to 25000 1.39 0.41 0.59

12 25001 to 30000 2.21 0.41 0.74

13 30001 to 40000 1.61 0.61 0.79

14 40001 to 50000 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 50001 & above 3.36 0.61 1.12

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

49

Table 4.2.2.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class

Sagaing Division

S.N. Income Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division

Up to 2000 10.29 10.50 10.46

2 2001 to 4000 18.40 22.82 22.06 ~ 4001 to 6000 21.52 23.72 23.34 .J

4 6001 to 8000 16.44 11.80 12.60

5 8001 to 10000 11.54 10.03 10.29

6 10001 to 12000 4.98 5.56 5.46

7 12001 to 14000 2.06 4.17 3.80

8 14001 to 16000 3.75 1.93 2.24

9 16001 to 18000 1.67 3.07 2.83

10 18001 to 20000 2.37 0.96 1.20

11 20001 to 25000 1.38 2.40 2.23

12 25001 to 30000 3.15 1.44 1.74

13 30001 to 40000 1.73 0.44 0.66

14 40001 to 50000 0.50 0.79 0.74

15 50001 & above 0.24 0.36 0.34

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00




Up to 2000 3.81 4.68 4.43

2 2001 to 4000 6.70 8.64 8.09

3 4001 to 6000 12.45 16.59 15.41

4 6001 to 8000 9.54 12.53 11.68

5 8001 to 10000 12.38 15.68 14.74

6 10001 to 12000 10.26 8.43 8.95

7 1200 I to 14000 6.19 8.21 7.64

8 14001 to 16000 10.70 6.64 7.80

9 16001 to 18000 3.56 4.12 3.96

10 18001 to 20000 3.08 3.20 3.17

11 20001 to 25000 5.69 4.43 4.79

12 25001 to 30000 5.21 2.91 3.56

13 30001 to 40000 4.98 2.17 2.97

14 40001 to 50000 2.37 1.07 1.44

15 50001 & above 3.09 0.70 1.38

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

50

Table 4.2.2.7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class ilago Division


Up to 2000 4.77 9.90 8.67

2 2001 to 4000 15.01 20.00 18.79

3 4001 to 6000 19.03 27.64 25.57

4 6001 to 8000 13.42 16.48 15.74

5 8001 to 10000 14.02 10:28 11.18

6 10001 to 12000 7.30 4.22 4.96

7 12001 to 14000 6.65 2.41 3.43

s 14001 to 16000 4.20 1.62 2.24

9 16001 to 18000 0.34 2.04 1.63

10 18001 to 20000 3. 13 1.07 1.56

I I 20001 to 25000 3.78 1.44 2.00

12 25001 to 30000 2. IO 0.5 I 0.89

13 30001 to 40000 1.37 LI6 1.21

14 40001 to 50000 1.37 0.70 0.86

15 50001 & above 3.47 0.56 1.26

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.2.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Magway Division


Up to 2000 10.28 2.37 3.83

2 2001 to 4000 22.50 20.08 20.52

3 4001 to 6000 26.58 34.70 33.20

4 6001 to 8000 I 8. 12 25.8 I 24.39

5 8001 to 10000 7.59 9.14 8.85

6 10001 to 12000 3.25 3.38 3.35

7 12001 to 14000 3.25 1.9 I 2.16

8 14001 to 16000 2.18 0. 15 0.53

9 16001 to 18000 1.27 0. 15 0.36

10 18001 to 20000 1.81 0.37 0.63

I I 20001 to 25000 0.62 0.66 0.65

12 25001 to 30000 1.03 0.37 0.49

13 30001 to 40000 0.17 0.36 0.33

14 40001 to 50000 0.58 0.22 0.29

15 . 50001 & above- 0.78 0.36 0.44

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

51

Table 4.2.2.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Mandalay Division


Up to 2000 5.67 4.60 4.95

2 2001 to 4000 17.08 20.54 19.42

3 4001 to 6000 26.77 27.15 27.03

4 6001 to 8000 14.71 11.45 12.51

5 8001 to 10000 12.88 13.11 13.04

6 10001 to 12000 5.86 4.71 5.08

7 12001 to 14000 3.82 5.40 4.89

8 14001 to 16000 3.95 2.04 2.66

9 16001 to" 18000 1.43 3.07 2.54

10 18001 to 20000 1.41 0. 79 0.99

II 20001 to 25000 2.22 3.28 2.93

12 25001 to 30000 I. I 0 1.29 1 .. 23

13 30001 to 40000 0.90 I. I 0 1.03

14 40001 to 50000 0.94 0.89 0.91

15 50001 & above 1.24 0.58 0.79

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Mon State


Up to 2000 2.65 4.07 3.59

2 2001 to 4000 12.46 13.54 13.18

3 4001 to 6000· 23.37 21.50 22.13

4 6001 to 8000 12.99 15.96 14.96

5 8001 to 10000 15.25 13.06 13.81

6 10001 to 12000 11.08 8.33 9.26

7 12001 to 14000 2.99 5.05 4.35

8 14001 to 16000 5.65 4.46 4.87

9 16001 to 18000 3.99 2.77 3.18

10 18001 to 20000 1.30 2.46 2.07

I I 20001 to 25000 3.64 3. 13 3.30

12 25001 to 30000 1.61 2.43 2.15

13 30001 to 40000 0.39 1.46 1.09

14 40001 to 50000 0.66 0.40 0.49

15 50001 & above 1.94 1.37 1.57

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

52

Table 4.2.2.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Rakhine State


Up to 2000 15.90 12.66 13.26

2 2001 to 4000 24.70 24.41 24.46

3 4001 to 6000 20.12 27.58 26.20

4 6001 to 8000 12.99 11.18 11.52

5 8001 to 10000 10.19 7.66 8.13 .

6 10001 to 12000 8.04 3.82 4.60

7 12001 to 14000 1.23 3.66 3.21

8 14001 to 16000 1.63 2.63 2.45

9 16001 to 18000 0.53 2.58 2.20

10 18001 to 20000 1.23 1.02 1.06

11 20001 to 25000 1.04 1.15 1.13

12 25001 to 30000 0.66 1.05 0.98

13 30001 to 40000 0.39 0.35 0.36

14 40001 to 50000 0.00 ·0.24 0.20

15 50001 & above 1.37 0.00 0.25

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.2.2.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Yangon Division


Up to 2000 2.90 5.45 3.56

2 2001 to 4000 9.15 12.18 9.93

3 4001 to 6000 13.76 17.07 14.61

4 6001 to 8000 11.84 12.61 12.04

5 8001 to 10000 13.38 14.76 13.74

6 10001 to 12000 10.23 9.51 10.05

7 12001 to 14000 5.14 7.25 5.69

8 14001 to 16000 6.66 4.51 6.11

9 16001 to 18000 3.93 3.05 3.70

10 18001 to 20000 3.35 2.09 3.03

11 20001 to 25000 5.34 4.17 5.04

12 25001 to 30000 3.43 2.12 3.09

13 30001 to 40000 3.54 1.88 3.11

14 40001 to 50000 1.86 1.24 l.70

15 50001 & above 5.46 2.12 4.60

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

53


Shan State


Up to 2000 3.31 13.65 11.33

2 2001 to 4000 11.76 27.02 23.60

3 4001 to 6000 17.00 23.20 21.81

4 6001 to 8000 12.31 J2.45 12.42

5 8001 to 10000 10.31 10.11 10.15

6 10001 to 12000 6.85 3.98 4.62

7 1200J to 14000 S.46 2.44 3.12

8 1400J to 16000 9.85. 1.66 3.50

9 16001 to 18000 3.62 1.04 l.62

10 J8001 to 20000 3.15 1.97 2.23

l J 2000J to 25000 2.85 0.58 l.09

12 2500J to 30000 2.70 0.64 l.l 0

J3 30001 to 40000 4.31 0.45 1.3 J

14 40001 to 50000 1.92 0.45 0.78

15 5000J & above 4.62 0.39 1.34

Total 100.00 J00.00 J00.00

Table 4.2.2.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Income Class Ayeyarwady Division


l Up to 2000 4.49 2.46 2.83

2 2001 to 4000 15.05 JO.OJ 10.93

3 4001 to 6000 26.02 17.07 18.70

4 6001 to 8000 15.45 12.52 13.06

5 8001 to 10000 13.62 J5.70 15.32

6 10001 to 12000 6.37 5.8 J 5.92

7 1200J to 14000 4.00 7.86 7.16

8 14001 to 16000 3.86 5.62 5.30

9 16001 to 18000 2.24 5.80 5. 15

JO 18001 to 20000 l.95 2.97 2.78

J l 20001 to 25000 0.58 5.94 4.96

12 25001 to 30000 l.59 3.45 3. J J

J3 30001 to 40000 2.39 2.78 2.71

14 40001 to 50000 0.66 l.03 0.97

J5 50001 & above 1.73 0.98 1.1 J

Total 100.00 J00.00 100.00

54

Table 4.3.1 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group

Union (Value - Kyat)

S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Union

Value I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent

Household Size (Person) 5.22 5.32 5.25

2 Household Expenditure Total 15266.42 100.00 13091.16 100.00 13784.51 100.00

Food And Beverages 10419.99 68.25 9479.30 72.41 9779.45 70.95

Rice and other cereals 2375.03 15.56 2869.18 21.92 2695.68 19.56 2 Pulses 238.64 1.56 228.44 I. 74 229.22 1.66 3 Meat 1280.62 8.39 885.98 6.77 1007.86 7.31 4 Eggs 282.23 1.85 166.13 l.27 210.42 1.53 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 874.47 5.73 644.80 4.93 727.06 5.27 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 334.44 2.19 270.94 2.07 310.83 2.25 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 224.55 1.47 302.68 2.31 264.48 1.92 8 Vegetables 724.49 4.75 746.89 5.71 736.26 5.34 9 Fruits 283.34 1.86 19 l.28 l.46 219.29 l.59 10 Cooking oil and fats 1250.06 8.19 1239.97 9.47 1248.43 9.06 11 Spices and condiments 548.06 3.59 562.49 4.30 563.33 4.09 12 Beverages 240.20 1.57 214.21 l.64 217.03 1.57 13 Sugar and other food 204.19 1.34 361.82 2.76 276.56 2.01 14 Milk and milk products 106.60 0.70 36.96 0.28 57.87 0.42 15 Other miscellaneous food 357.20 2.34 204.93 1.57 252.68 1.83 16 Food taken outside home 1095.87 7.18 552.5 8 4.22 762.46 5.53

Non-Food 4846.43 31.75 3611.86 27.59 4005.06 29.05

17 Tobacco 150.29 0.98 151.47 1.16 154.74 1.12

18 Fuel and light 735.91 4.82 638.14 4.87 661.76 4.80

19 Travelling expenses 572.66 3.75 224.42 1.71 327.61 2.38

20 Journey travelling expenses 120.61 0.79 84.18 0.64 93.92 0.68

21 Clothing and apparel 520.37 3.41 411.67 3.14 454.65 3.30

22 Personal use goods 346.48 2.27 233.47 1.78 284.07 2.06

23 Cleansing and toilet 404.36 2.65 291.53 2.23 329.20 2.39

24 Crockeries 14.39 0.09 22.72 0.17 18.63 0.14

25 Other household goods 232.84 1.53 227.41 1.74 193.16 1.40

26 Furniture 33.25 0.22 31.80 0.24 31.52 0.23

27 House rent and repairs 373.67 2.45 258.66 1.98 294.82 2.14

28 Stationary and school supplies 75.73 0.50 54.09 0.41 59.33 0.43

29 Education 214.18 1.40 85.34 0.65 137.78 1.00

30 Medical care 256.02 1.68 235.20 1.80 249.13 1.81

31 Recreation 50.84 0.33 38.86 0.30 42.77 0.31

32 Charity and ceremonials 585.56 3.84 481.02 3.67 515.48 3.74

33 Other expenses 159.25 1.04 141.87 1.08 156.48 1.14

55

Table 4.3.1.1 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group

Kachin State (Value - Kyat)

S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural State


Household Size ( Person ) 6.81 6.57 6.63



Rice and other cereals 3384.92 17.75 3802.48 24.54 3700.47 22.61

2 Pulses 365.26 1.91 323.58 2.09 333.76 2.04

3 Meat 1984.99 10.41 1396.77 9.01 1540.47 9.41

4 Eggs 273.08 1.43 1215.78 1.39 229.78 1.40

5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 994.29 5.21 831.90 5.37 871.57 5.32

6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 235.24 1.23 227.77 1.47 229.59 1.40

7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 131.22 0.69 228.59 1.48 204.81 1.25

8 Vegetables 1145.69 6.01 1030.91 6.65 1058.95 6.47

9 Fruits 445.15 2.33 212.00 1.37 268.96 1.64

10 Cooking oil and fats 1524.31 7.99 1294.18 8.35 1350.40 8.25

11 Spices and condiments 622.34 3.26 556.50 3.59 572.58 3.50

12 Beverages 269.00 1.41 207.87 1.34 222.80 1.36

13 Sugar and other food 190.77 1.00 128.42 0.83 143.65 0.88 14 Milk and milk products 238.61 1.25 106.90 0.69 139.08 0.85

15 Other miscellaneous food 342.81 1.80 248.07 1.60 271.22 1.66 16 Food taken outside home 1513.18 7.93 452.51 2.92 711.63 4.35

Non-Food 5413.99 28.38 4230.02 27.30 4519.26 27.61

17 · Tobacco 117.68 0.62 157.26 1.0 I 147.59 0.90

18 Fuel and light 839.31 4.40 781.86 5.05 795.89 4.86


20 Journey travelling expenses 218.86 1.15 134.92 0.87" 155.43 0.95


22 Personal use goods 388 .. 62 2.04 371.41 2.40 375.62 2.29


24 Crockeries 13.70 0.07 33.91 0.22 28.97 0.18


26 Furniture 20.10 0.11 45.06 0.29 38.97 0.24



29 Education 336.18 1.76 207.72 1.34 239.10 1.46

30 Medical care 275.84 1.45 162.54 1.05 190.22 1.16

31 Recreation 87.16 0.46 43.29 0.28 54.01 0.33


33 Other expenses 308.64 1.62 124.30 0.80 169.34 1.03

56

Table 4.3.1.2 Monthly Household Expenditure By Group

Kayah State (Value - Kyat) .






Rice and other cereals 2649.73 22.06 3251.00 30.72 3067.9 I . 27.85

2 Pulses 290.47 2.42 27l.12 2.56 277.01 2.51

3 Meat 976.08 8.13 609.87 5.76 721.38 6.55

4 Eggs 288.72 2.40 106.80 1.0 I 162.19 1.47

5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 445.77 3.71 276.00 2.61 327. 70 2.97

6 Fish and crustacea( dried) . 381. 79 3.18 188.03 1.78 247.03 2.24


8 Vegetables 789.60 6.57 963.55 9. I I 910.58 8.26

9 Fruits 235.32 1.96 117.82 I.! I 153.60 1.39

IO Cooking oil and fats 876.61 7.30 488.84 4.62 606.92 5.51

I I Spices and condiments 496.99 4.14 407.37 3.85 434.66 3.95

12 Beverages 285.09 2.37 306.47 2.90 299.96 2.72

13 Sugar and other food 198.43 1.65 361.03 3.41 311.52 2.83

14 Milk and milk products 32.17 0.27 21.03 0.20 24.42 0.22

15 Other miscellaneous food 257.18 2.14 114.69 I.08 158.08 1.43

16 Food taken outside home 616.05 5.13 333.06 3.15 419.23 3.81

Non-Food 2976.46 24.78 2567.02 24.26 2691.70 24.43

17 Tobacco 185.29 1.54 116.93 I.IO 137.74 l.25

18 Fuel and light 641.38 5.34 701.85 6.63 . 683.43 6.20


20 Journey travelling expenses 120.l 0 1.00 61.72 0.58 79.50 0.72




24 Crockeries 19.88 0.17 16.61 0. 16 17.61 0.16

25 Other household goods 148.02 l.23 59.08 0.56 86.16 0.78

26 Furniture 41.81 0.35 33.58 0.32 36.09 0.33


28 Stationary and school supplies 11. 71 0.10 39.03 0.37 30.71 0.28

29 Education 141.12 1.17 89.68 0.85 105.34 0.96

30 Medical care 134.49 1.12 239.43 2.26 207.48 1.88

31 Recreation 50.72 0.42 34.64 0.33 39.54 0.36


33 Other expenses 110.87 0.92 73.13 0.69 84.62 0.77

57

Table 4.3.1.3 Monthly Household Expenditure By Group

Kayin State (Value - Kyat)





Food And Beverages 11036.05 70.54 I 0832.87 72.96 10857.70 72.65


2 Pulses 87.92 0.56 156.33 1.05 147.97 0.99

3 Meat 1201.81 7.68 998.77 6.73 I 023.5 8 6.85

4 Eggs 207.44 1.33 239.42 1.61 235.51 1.58

5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) l 141.l5 7.29 991.87 6.68 1010.11 6.76



8 Vegetables 880.38 5.63 884.42 5.96 883.93 5.91

9 Fruits 199.25 1.27 264:54 1.78 256.56 1.72


11 Spices and condiments 747.38 4.78 1035.44 6.97 I 000.23 6.69

12 Beverages 285.38 1.82 152.44 1.03 168.69 l.13



15 Other miscellaneous food 174.70 1.12 152.30 1.03 155.04 1.04


Non-Food 4609.54 29.46 4014.33 27.04 4087.06 27.35

17 Tobacco 95.68 0.61 151.42 1.02 144.61 0.97

18 Fuel and light 570.97 3.65 627.59 4.23 620.67 4.15




22 Personal use goods 166.99 1.07 271.31 1.83 258.56 I. 73


24 Crockeries 15.21 0.10 32.51 0.22 30.40 0.20


26 Furniture 43.38 0.28 18.65 0.13 21.67 0.15



29 Education . 111.77 0.71 47.43 0.32 55.29 0.37

30 Medical care 260.56 1.67 218.59 1.4 7 223.72 1.50

31 Recreation 45.32 0.29 27.10 0.18 29.33 0.20


33 Other expenses 251.37 1.61 142.66 0.96 155.95 1.04

58


Chin State (Value - Kyat)


v a'lue I Percent Value I Percent Value I Percent


2 Household Expenditure Total 11802.97 100.00 10596.5 l 100.00 I 0820.20 100.00



2 Pulses 301.47 2.55 485.84 4.58 45 l .65 4.17

3 Meat 1029.25 8.72 832.52 7.86 869.00 8.03

4 Eggs 229.38 1.94 115.16 !.09 136.34 l.26


6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 72.99 0.62 7.42 0.07 19.58 0.18


8 Vegetables 816.72 6.92 948.06 8.95 923.71 8.54

9 Fruits 210.76 1.79 236.32 2.23 231.58 2.14


11 Spices and condiments 310.49 2.63 213.12 2.01 231.l 7 2.14

12 Beverages 75.17 0.64 151.27 1.43 137.16 1.27

13 Sugar and other food 198.02 1.68 128.89 1.22 141.70 1.31 14 Milk and milk products 213.38 1.81 119.62 l.13 137.00 1.27



Non-Food 3458.04 29.30 2821.29 26.62 2939.35 27.17

17 Tobacco 45.60 0.39 104.65 0.99 93.70 0.87

18 Fuel an~ light 858.99 7.28 978.89 9.24 956.66 8.84



21 Clothing and apparel 402.05 . 3.41 310.82 2.93 327.74 3.03

22 Personal use goods 210.25 1.78 159.15 I.SO 168.62 1.56


24 Crockeries 24.62 0.21 17.93 0.:17 19.17 0. I 8


26 Furniture 42.82 0.36 20.99 0.20 25.04 0.23



29 Education 220.90 1.87 49.38 0.47 8l.18 0.75

30 Medical care 206.39 1.75 243.87 2.30 236.92 2.19

31 Recreation 46.99 0.40 7.32 0.07 14.67 0.14


33 Other expenses 69.39 0.59 63.94 0.60 64.95 0.60

59


Sagaing Division (Value - Kyat)

S.N. Expenditure Group Urban Rural Division


Household Size ( Person) 5.1 {) 5.59 5.50


. Food And Beverages 10366.10 70.49 9943.11 74.60 10015.74 73.83


2 Pulses 377.09 2.56 338.09 2.54 344.78 2.54

3 Meat 1593.98 10.84 500.11 3.75 687.93 5.07

4 Eggs 192.14 1.31 100.05 0.75 115.86 0.85




8 Vegetables 632.62 4.30 922.09 6.92 872.39 6.43

9 Fruits 461.01 3.13 148.22 1.11 201.92 1.49

IO Cooking oil and fats 1357.45 9.23 1806.01 13.55 1729.00 12.75


12 Beverages 184.18 1.25 163.46 1.23 167.01 1.23





Non-Food 4339.26 29.51 3385.69 25.40 3549.42 26.17

17 Tbbacco 159.02 1.08 163.81 1.23 162.99 1.20

18 Fuel and light 608.24 . 4.14 552.25 4.14 561.86 4.14

19 Travelling expenses 287.92 1.96 144.31 1.08 168.96 1.25 20 Journey travelling expenses 88.22 0.60 46.69 0.35 53.82 0.40




24 Crockeries 12.17 0.08 18.67 0.14 17.55 0.13


26 Furniture 20.08 0.14 24.42 0.18 23.67 0.17

27 House rent and repairs 261.35 1.78 214.36 1.61 . 222.43 1.64


29 Education li0.06 0.75 70.21 0.53 77.05 0.57

30 Medical care 214.98 1.46 249.10 1.87 243.24 1.79

31 Recreation 65.50 0.45 38.65 0.29 43.26 0.32


33 Other expenses 168.48 1.15 180.64 1.36 178.56" 1.32

60


Tanintharyi Division (Value - Kyat)





Food And Beverages 13726.32 68.87 12849.61 67.48 13099.4 7 67.89

Rice and other cereals 3232.07 16.22 3577.38 18.79 3478.97 18.03 2 Pulses 90.31 0.45 47.59 0.25 59.77 0.31 3 Meat 1445.38 7.25 971.02 5.10 1106.21 5.73 4 Eggs 198.16 0.99 279.58 1.47 256.37 1.33 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1356.30 6.81 1795.79 9.43 1670.54 8.66 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 907.63 4.55 414.47 2.18 555.02 2.88 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 249.12 1.25 311.71 1.64 293.87 1.52 8 Vegetables 1002.06 5.03 963.40 5.06 974.42 5.05 9 Fruits 716.17 3.59 553.82 2.91 600.09 3.11 10 Cooking oil and fats 1021.90 5.13 932.67 4.90 958.10 4.97 11 Spices and condiments 765.99 3.84 823.13 4.32 806.85 4.18

12 Beverages 225.42 1.13 121.63 0.64 151.21 0.78 13 Sugar and other food 183.90 0.92 304.50 1.60 270.13 1.40 14 Milk and milk products 167.02 0.84 145.38 0.76 151.55 0.79 15 Other miscellaneous food 714.07 3.58 306.69 1.61 422.79 2.19 16 Food taken outside home 1450.80 7.28 1300.83 6.83 1343.57 6.96

Non-Food 6203.31 31.13 6191.73 32.52 6195.03 32:1 I

17 Tobacco 177.92 0.89 209.79 1.10 200.71 1.04

18 Fuel and light 993.08 4.98 811.53 4.26 863.27 4.47


20 Journey travelling expenses f.30.30 1.16 100.72 0.53 137.65 0.71




24 Crockeries 11.73 0.06 29.23 0."15 24.24 0.13


26 Furniture 33.01 0.17 54.30 0.29 48.23 0.25


28 Stationary and school supplies 116.40 0.58 100.69 0.53 l 05.17 0.55

29 Education 252.92 1.27 125.37 0.66 161.72 0.84

30 Medical care 360.97 1.81 367.31 1.93 365.51 1.89

31 Recreation 121.55 0.61 80.77 0.42 92.40 0.48


33 Other expenses 549.58 2.76 636.70 3.34 611.87 3.17

61

Table. 4.3.1.7 Monthly Household Expenditure by Group

Bago Division

(Value - Kyat)

Urban Rural . -

Division S.N. Expenditure Group

Value I Percent Value / Percent Value I Percent


2 Household Expenditure Total . 14634.79 100.00 13265.32 100.00 13595.22 100.00


Rice and other cereals 2175.96 14.87 2360.72 17.80 2316.21 17.04 2 Pulses 158.10 1.08 287.02 2.16 255.96 1.88 3 Meat 1518.22 10.37 1278.87 9.64 1336.53 9.83 4 Eggs 223.27 1.53 192.06 1.45 199.58 1.47 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 913.87 6.24 893.58 6.74 898.47 6.61 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 360.27 2.46 284.58 2.15 302.82 2.23 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 220.27 1.51 309.19 2.33 287.77 2.12 8 Vegetables 649.04 4.43 616.12 4.64 624.05 4.59 9 Fruits 254.61 1.74 202,83 1.53 215.30 1.58 10 Cooking oil and fats 1343.68 9.18 1120.65 8.45 1174.38 8.64 11 Spices and condiments 521.76 3.57 567.62 4.28 556.57 4.09 12 Beverages 220.43 1.51 177.70 1.34 188.00 1.38 13 Sugar and other food 154.58 1.06 246.69 1.86 224.50 1.65




Non-Food 4375.52 29.90 3934.79 29.66 4040.96 29.72

17 Tobacco 159.04 1.09 162.14 1.22 161.39 1.19

18 Fuel and light 632.59 4.32 433.76 3.27 481.66 3.54






24 Crockeries 6.25 0.04 31.94 0.24 25.75 0.19


26 Furniture 23.18 0.16 48.30 0.36 42.25 0.31

27 House rent and repairs 399.13 2.73 363.37 2:74 371.98 2.74


29 Education 171.13 1.17 84.18 0.63 105.12 0.77

30 Medical care 234.60 1.60 282.21 2.13 270.74 1.99

31 Recreation 43.55 0.30 60.14 0.45 56.14 0.41


33 Other expenses 166.68 1.14 113.19 0.85 126.08 0.93

62


Magway Division (Value - Kyat)




2 Household Expenditure Total 12221.55 100.00 11671.52 1 on. no 11773.30 100.00



2 Pulses 67.10 0.55 71.1 I 0.61 70.37 0.60

3 Meat l 036.46 8.48 722.71 6. 19 780.76 6.63

4 Eggs 209.18 1.71 128.64 I. I 0 143.54 1.22




8 Vegetables 860.76 7.04 909.67 7.79 900.62 7.65 9 Fruits 128.73 1.05 119.15 1.02 120.92 1.03 10 Cooking oil and fats 1481.54 12.12 1500.17 12.85 1496.72 12.71 11 Spices and condiments 518.60 4.24 532.25 4.56 529.73 4.50 12 Beverages 127.47 1.04 186.68 1.60 175.72 1.49 13 Sugar and other food 386.90 3.17 403.78 3.46 400.65 3.40 14 Milk and milk products 60.01 0.49 35,55 0.30 40.08 0.34 15 Other miscellaneous food 165.80 1.36 135.98 I.I 7 141.50 1.20 16 Food taken outside home 402.19 3.29 251.57 2.16 279.44 2.37

Non-Food 2942.27 24.07 2831.52 24.26 2852.01 24.22

17 Tobacco 168.80 1.38 179.02 1.53 I 77.13 1.50 18 Fuel and light 610.56 5.00 614.92 5.27 614.11 5.22 19 Travelling expenses 181.28 1.48 185.00 1.59 184.3 I 1.57 20 Journey travelling expenses 7(5.08 0.62 41.28 0.35 47.72 0.41 21 Clothing and apparel 277.74 2.27 283.98 2.43 282.83 2.40

22 Personal use goods 171. 76 I .41 161.74 1.39 163.60 1.39


24 Crockeries 5.73 0.05 9.53 0.08 8.83 0.07


26 Furniture 7.75 0.06 10.45 0.09 9.95 0.08



29 Education 184.06 1.51 95.85 0.82 112.17 0.95

30 Medical care 198.12 1.62 178.15 1.53 181. 85 1.54

31 Recreation 13.38 0.11 14.35 0.12 14.17 0.12


33 Other expenses _ 75.58 0.62 69.96 0.60 71.00 0.60

63


Mandalay Division (Value - Kyat)





Food And Beverages 11172.37 70.48 9482.31 73.69 I 0029.98 72.50


2 Pulses 481.10 3.03 433.03 3.37 448.61 3.24

3 Meat 1563.99 9.87 803.80 6.25 1050.15 7.59

4 Eggs 376.89 2.38 183.88 l.43 246.42 1.78




8 Vegetables 1014.24 6.40 873.77 .6.79 919.29 6.64

9 Fruits 267.39 1.69 98.47 0.77 153.21 1.11

10 Cooking oil and fats 1588,07 10.02 1458.23 11.33 1500.31 10.84


12 Beverages 204.58 1.29 217.88 1.69 213.57 1.54



15 Other miscellaneous food 436.27 2.75 169.21 1.32 255.75 I. 85


Non-Food 4679.61 29.52 3384.70 26.31 3804.33 27.50

17 Tobacco 130,67 0.82 106.23 0.83 114.15 0.83

18 Fuel and light 777.04 4.90 626.81 4.87 675.50 4.88






24 Crockeries 15.63 0:10 15.70 0.12 15.67 0.11


26 Furniture 22.77 0.14 28.67 0.22 26.76 0.19



29 Education 173.38 1.09 103.36 0.80 126.05 0.91

30 Medical care 213.81 1.35 222.98 1.73 220.01 1.59

31 Recreation 46.32 0.29 29.01 0.23 34.62 0.25


33 Other expenses 181.28 1.14 157.61 l.22 165.28 1.19

64


Mon State (Value - Kyat)



Household Size (Person) 5.24 5.35 5.3 I

2 Household Expenditure Total 14285.68 100.00 13411.72 100.00 13708.00. 100.00


Rice and other cereals 2730.96 19.12 2922.19 21.79 2857.36 20.84 2 Pulses 41.36 0.29 113.09 0.84 88.78 0.65

3 Meat 856.74 6.00 539.59 4.02 647.10 4.72 4 Eggs 194.58 1.36 230.62 1.72 218.40 1.59 s Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1159.44 8.12 846.31 6.31 952.46 6.95 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 337.80 2.36 268.74 2.00 292.15 2.13 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 269.87 1.89 277.61 2.07 274.98 2.01 8 Vegetables 768.15 5.38 726.04 5.4 I 740.32 5.40 9 Fruits 150.56 1.05 211.63 l.58 190.93 1.39 10 Cooking oil and fats 1045.06 7.32 978:77 7.30 1001.24 7.30 11 Spices and condiments 753.86 5.28 683.25 5.09 707.19 5.16 12 Beverages 129.64 0.91 231.72 I. 73 197.12 1.44 13 Sugar and other food 167.85 1.17 247.60 1.85 220.56 1.6 l 14 Milk and milk products 119.31 0.84 87.91 0.66 98.55 0.72 15 Other miscellaneous food 160.80 1.13 161.50 1.20 161.27 1.18 16 Food taken outside home 1140.18 7.98 754.43 5.63 885.20 6.46

Non-Food 4259.52 29.82 4130.71 30.80 4174.38 30.45

17 Tobacco 127.19 0.89 121.62 0.91 123.51 0.90 18 Fuel and light 887.84 6.21 749.83 5.59 796.61 5.81 19 Travelling expenses 434.10 3.04 291.90 2.18 340.11 2.48 20 Journey travelling expenses 70.80 0.50 141.48 1.05 117.52 0.86 21 Clothing and apparel 470.47 3.29 471.85 3.52 471.38 3.44 22 Personal use goods 390.17 2.73 347.17 2.59 361.75 2.64 23 Cleansing and toilet 448.06 3.14 400.98 2.99 416.94 3.04 24 Crockeries 10.22 0.07 26.75 0.20 21.14 0.15 25 Other household goods 77.87 0.55 133.49 1.00 I 14.63 0.84

26 Furniture 19.10 0.13 39.04 0.29 32.28 0.24



29 Education 164.76 1.15 66.09 0.49 99.54 0.73

30 Medical care 355.10 2.49 360.37 2.69 358.58 2.62

31 Recreation 23.78 0.17 59.14 0.44 47.15 0.34


33 Other expenses 48.94 0.34 177.66 l.32 134.03 0.98

65


Rakhine State (Value - Kyat)







2 Pulses 103.72 0.81 14.13 0.12 30.69 0.26

3 Meat 928.74 7.29 710.72 5.99 751.01 6.24

4 Eggs · 240.35 1.89 166.95 1.41 I 80.52 1.50

5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 953.56 7.49 880.94 7.42 894.36 7.43 6 Fish and crustacea( dried) 73.06 0.57 258.62 2. I 8 224.33 1.86


8 Vegetables 815.63 6.40 745.72 6.28 758.64 6.30

9 Fruits 185.83 1.46 193.17 1.63 I 91.81 1.59 10 Cooking oil and fats 686.45 5.39 805.81 6.79 783.75 6.51 11 Spices and condiments 596.76 4.69 696.75 5.87 678.27 5.64 12 Beverages 121.96 0.96 213.36 1.80 196.47 1.63 13 Sugar and other food 179. 77 1.41 225.92 1.90 217.39 1.81 14 Milk and milk products 137.82 1.08 17.54 0.15 39.77 0.33 15 Other miscellaneous food 267.34 2. JO 85.67 0.72 119.24 0.99 16 Food taken outside home 913.36 7.17 799.22 6.73 820.31 6.82

Non-Food 3600.74 28.27 3035.39 25.56 3139.86 26.09

17 ·Tobacco 139.97 1.10 190.27 1.60 180.97 1.50 18 Fuel and light . 625.82 4.91 736.12 6.20 715.74 5.95 19 Travelling expenses 318.12 2.50 415.68 3.50 397.65 3.30 20 Journey travelling expenses 112.96 0.89 60.32 0.51 70.05 0.58 21 Clothing and apparel 343.48 2.70 312. 05 2.63 317.86 2.64 22 Personal use goods 193.51 1.52 214.29 1.80 210.45 1.75


24 Crockeries 11.02 0.09 25.01 0.21 22.43 0.19

25 Other household goods 330.50 2.59 115.97 0.98 155.61 1.29 26 Furniture 17.20 0.14 21.59 0.18 20.78 0.17

27 House rent and repairs 298.15 2.34 136.52 1.15 166.39 1.38 28 Stationary and school supplies 80.38 0.63 44.00 0.37 50.72 0.42

29 Education 206.49 1.62 53.73 0.45 81.96 0.68

30 Medical care 219.35 1.72 176.48 1.49 184.40 1.53 31 Recreation 30.50 0.24 56.91 0.48 52.03 0.43

32 Charity and ceremonials 275.23 2.16 194.05 1.63 209:05 1.74

33 Other expenses 105.38 0.83 48.74 0.41 59.20 0.49

66


Yangon Division (Value - Kyat)




2 Household Expenditure Total 16053.49 100.00 I 3906.29 100.00 15499.75 100.00

Food And Beverages 10337.31 64.39 9414.42 67.70 I 0099.31 65.16

Rice and other cereals 2252. I I 14.03 2721.83 19.57 2373.24 15.31 2 Pulses 204.23 1.27 227.64 1.64 210.27 l.36 3 Meat I 091.25 6.80 717.25 5.16 994.80 6.42 4 Eggs 314.49 1.96 I 51.63 1.09 272.49 I. 76 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 1130.25 7.04 I 127.29 8.1 I 1129.49 7.29 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 314.92 1.96 315.71 2.27 315.12 2.03 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 250.18 1.56 459.65 3.3 I 304.20 l.96 8 Vegetables 615.88 3.84 508.90 3.66 588.29 3.80 9 Fruits 278.12 1.73 2 I 7.28 I.56 262.43 l.69 l 0 Cooking oil and fats 1126.24 7.02 I 122.64 8.07 1125.3 I 7.26 11 Spices and condiments 585.86 3.65 619.18 4.45 594.45 3.84 12 Beverages 288.76 1.80 176.63 1.27 259.84 1.68 13 Sugar and other food 182.95 1.14 250.07 1.80 200.26 1.29 14 Milk and milk products 130.02 0.81 28.96 0.21 103.96 0.67 15 Other miscellaneous food 315.29 1.96 256.82 1.85 300.21 1.94 16 Food taken outside home 1256.78 7.83 512.94 3.69 1064.95 6.87

Non-Food 5716.18 35.61 4491.88 32.30 5400.44 34.84

17 Tobacco 147.64 0.92 187.01 1.34 157.80 l.02 18 Fuel and light 749.75 4.67 815.24 5.86 766.64 4.95 19 Travelling expenses 1160.63 7.23 277.36 1.99 932.84 6.02 20 Journey travelling expenses 116.59 0.73 57.36 0.41 101.31 0.65 21 Clothing and apparel 568.93 3.54 442.66 3.18 536.37 3.46 22 Personal use goods 363.54 2.26 413.62 2.97 376.45 2.43 23 Cleansing and toilet 425.47 2.65 328.79 2.,36 400.54 2.58

24 Crockeries 19.81 0.12 34.43 0.25 23.58 0.15


26 Furniture 54.28 0.34 67.68 0.49 57.74 0.37



29 Education 271.11 1.69 165.04 1.19 243.76 1.57

30 Medical care 273.19 1.70 286.41 2.06 276.60 1.78

31 Recreation 53.24 0.33 44.87 0.32 51.08 0.33


33 Other expenses 119.73 0.75 115. 15 0.83 118.55 0.76

67


Shan State (Value - Kyat)







2 Pulses 389.09 1.99 267.84 1.69 295.00 1.77

3 Meat 1908.24 9.77 1438.94 9.10 1544.06 9.27

4 Eggs 327.45 1.68 306.04 1.94 310.83 1.87




8 Vegetables 945.02 4.84 933.85 5.90 936.35 5.62

9 Fruits 522.81 2.68 378.98 2.40 411.20 2.47


1 1 Spices and condiments 640.84 3.28 509.45 3.22 538.88 3.24

12 Beverages 488.08 2.50 332.04 2.10 367.00 2.20



IS Other miscellaneous food 766.94 3.92 424.08 2.68 500.88 3.01


Non-Food 6362.72 32.56 3968.91 25.10 4505.13 27.06

17 Tobacco 234.14 1.20 232.82 1.47 233.12 1.40

18 Fuel and light 1179.70 6.04 888.75 5.62 953.92 5.73






24 Crockeries 13.04 0.07 21.28 0.13 19.43 0.12


26 Furniture 26.71 0.14 21.35 0.14 22.55 0.14



29 Education 287.13 1.47 68.33 0.43 117.34 0.70

30 Medical care 340.83 1.74 279.33 1.77 293.11 1.76

31 Recreation 118.01 0.60 38.98 0.25 56.69 0.34


33 Other expenses 223.55 1.14 131.62 0.83 152.21 0.91

68


Ayeyarwady Division (Value - Kyat)





Food And Beverages 8685.99 68.71 . 8485.34 69.64 8521.91 69.46

l Rice and other cereals 1977.91 15.65 2235.56 18.35 2188.60 17.84

2 Pulses 84.28 0.67 105.91 0.87 101.97 0.83

3 Meat 1000.01 7.91 954.70 7.84 962.96 7.85

4 Eggs 223.86 1.77 129.44 1.06 146.65 1.20




8 Vegetables 387.69 3.07 425.97 3.50 418.99 3.42

9 Fruits 224.49 1.78 218.00 1.79 219.18 1.79



12 Beverages 217.76 1.72 264.87 2.17 256.28 2.09



IS Other miscellaneous food 238.08 1.88 213.66 1.75 218.11 1.78


Non-Food 3955.62 31.29 3699.38 30.36 3746.08 30.54

17 Tobacco 139.44 1.10 104.62 0.86 110.96 0.90

18 Fuel and light 591.18 4.68 643.26 5.28 633.77 5.17



21 Clothing and apparel 500.8 I 3.96 397.82 3.26 416.59 3.40



24 Crockeries 12.50 0.10 28.00 0.23 25.18 0.21


26 Furniture 30.31 0.24 37.12 0.30 35.88 0.29



29 Education 199.96 1.58 63.54 0.52 88.40 0.72

30 Medical care 272.45 2. 16 197.98 1.62 211.55 1.72

31 Recreation 41.01 0.32 37.61 0.31 38.23 0.31


33 Other expenses 254.76 2.02 163.90 1.35 I 80.46 1.47

69

Table 4.3.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Union

S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Union

Up to 2000 0.16 0.16 0.16

2 2001 to 4000 2.38 1.85 2.01

3 4001 to 6000 7.05 5.98 6.30

4 6001 to 8000 11.30 11.07 11.13

5 8001 to 10000 12.84 14.86 14.26

6 10001 to 12000 12.46 13.24 13.01

7 12001 to 14000 10. 71 11.64 11.36

8 14001 to 16000 8.86 9.24 9.12

9 16001 to 18000 6.68 6.81 6.77.

10 18001 to 20000 5.63 5.00 5.19

11 20001 to 25000 10.41 8.63 9.16

12 25001 to 30000 4.36 4.54 4.49

13 30001 to 40000 . 3.21 3.77 3.60

14 40001 to 50000 2.52 1.48 1.79

15 50001 & above 1.45 I. 73 1.65

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

70

Table 4.3.4.1 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kachin State

S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural State

Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 2001 to 4000 0.33 0.21 0.24

3 4001 to 6000 0.64 2.78 2.26

4 6001 to 8000 2.59 5.49 4.78

5 8001 to 10000 3.53 12.6.5 10.42

6 10001 to 12000 .5.80 14.16 12.12

7 12001 to 14000 8.3.5 l 3.42 12.18

8 14001 to 16000 6.76 13.92 12.17

9 16001 to 18000 8.69 10.27 9.89

IO 18001 to 20000 6.75 7.10 7.01

I l 20001 to 25000 18.42 10.64 12.54

12 25001 to 30000 I 1.27 4. 18 5.9 I

13 30001 to 40000 12.95 2.66 5.17

14 40001 to 50000 5.81 1.12 2.26

15 50001 & above 8.10 1.40 3.04

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.2 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kayah State


Up to 2000 0.09 0.50 0.38

2 2001 to 4000 0.54 2.98 2.24

3 4001 to 6000 6.63 11.68 10.14

4 6001 to 8000 18.18 18.69 18.53

5 8001 to 10000 22.18 13.76 16.32

6 10001 to 12000 13.82 13.08 I 3.31

7 12001 to 14000 12.55 10.50 11.12

8 14001 to 16000 6.27 6.74 6.60

9 16001 to 18000 6.46 4.48 5.08

10 18001 to 20000 1.91 4.20 3.50

I I 20001 to 25000 4.82 8.70 7.52

12 25001 to 30000 2.73 I. 98 2.21

13 30001 to 40000 0. 18 1.48 l.08

14 40001 to 50000 2.73 0.48 1.16

15 50001 & above 0.91 0.76 0.81

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

71

Table 4.3.4.3 Percentage Distribution .of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Kayin State


Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 2001 to 4000 0.23 0.52 0.48

3 4001 to 6000 1.66 3.85 3.58

4 6001 to 8000 7.27 6.14 6.27

5 8001 to 10000 10.81 I 1.00 10.97

6 10001 to 12000 13.49 13.71 13.68

7 12001 to 14000 14.45 13.78 13.86

8 14001 to 16000 8.22 11.65 11.23

9 16001 to 18000 8.12 12.30 11.79

10 18001 to 20000 11.66 7.41 7.92

II 20001 to 25000 12.00 7.47 8.02

12 25001 to 30000 3.36 4.92 4.73

13 30001 to 40000 4.45 3.57 3.68

14 40001 to 50000 1.60 I. 70 l.68

15 50001 & above 2.67 2.01 2.09

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.4 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Chin State


Up to 2000 0.00 I.98 l.62

2 2001 to 4000 3.15 l I.59 10.02

3 4001 to 6000 7.12 l I.98 I l.08

4 6001 to 8000 7.72 17.42 15.62

5 8001 to 10000 8.39 16.59 15.07

6 10001 to 12000 9.57 9.52 9.53

7 12001 to 14000 9.18 7.53 7.84

8 14001 to 16000 7.46 7.13 7.19

9 16001 to 18000 8.64 3.61 4.54

10 18001 to 20000 6.64 2.91 3.60

11 20001 to 25000 11.64 6.44 7.40

12 25001 to 30000 10.67 1.80 3.44

13 30001 to 40000 7.43 0.50 1.78

14 40001 to ?0000 0.39 0.80 0.72

15 50001 & above 2.00 0.20 0.54

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

72 Table 4.3.4.5 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class

Sagaing Division

S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban Rural Division

Up to 2000 0.00 0.17 0.14

2 2001 to 4000 2.49 1.84 1.95

3 4001 to 6000 8.02 5.92 6.28

4 6001 to 8000 13.76 12.63 12.82

5 8001 to 10000 12.35 17.46 16.58

6 10001 to 12000 14.79 13.46 13.69

7 12001 to 14000 7.53 14.34 13.17

8 14001 to 16000 7.65 8.82 8.62

9 16001 to 18000 8.64 6.45 6.82

10 18001 to 20000 4.26 5.17 5.02

11 20001 to 25000 7.32 6.58 6.71

12 25001 to 30000 6.29 3.51 3.99

13 30001 to 40000 5.02 2.11 2.61

14 40001 to 50000 0.74 1.0 l 0.97

15 50001 & above 1.1 l 0.53 b.63

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.6 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Tanintharyi Division


Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 2001 to 4000 0.72 0.96 0.89

3 4001 to 6000 1.90 1.59 1.68

4 6001 to 8000 5.71 3.37 4.03

5 8001 to 10000 5.48 6.82 6.44

6 1000 I · to 12000 6.46 7.86 7.46

7 12001 to 14000 6.92 l 0.83 9.72

8 14001 to 16000 9.54 12.13 11.39

9 16001 to 18000 11.21 8.93 9.58

10 18001 to 20000 5.48 9.17 8.12

11 20001 to 25000 12.61 17.66 16.22

12 25001 to 30000 8.09 8.05 8.06

13 30001 to 40000 9.98 7.65 8.31

14 40001 to 50000 6.40 2.81 3.83

15 50001 & above 9.47 2.17 4.25

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

73

Table 4.3.4. 7 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Bago Division


Up to 2000 0.34 0.28 0.30

2 2001 to 4000 1.39 2.18 1.99

3 4001 to 6000 8.08 6.85 7.14

4 6001 to 8000 13 .16 12.64 12.76

5 8001 to 10000 14.10 15.88 15.45

6 10001 to 12000 16.13 14.03 14.53

7 12001 to 14000 9.38 9.54 9.50

8 14001 to 16000 8.00 10.28 9.73

9 16001 to 18000 6.65 6.30 6J8

IO 18001 to 20000 6.35 4.22 4.73

I I 20001 to 25000 4.58 7.78 7.01

12 25001 to 30000 2.10 3.01 2.79

13 30001 to 40000 4.24 3.29 3.52

14 40001 to 50000 2.75 1.58 1.86

15 50001 & above 2.75 2.18 2.3 I

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.8 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Magway Division


Up to 2000 0.49 0.43 0.44

2 2001 to 4000 5.56 4.21 4.46

3 4001 to 6000 15.77 9.35 10.54

4 6001 to 8000 18.88 17.25 17.55

5 8001 to 10000 19. l 0 20.91 20.58

6 10001 to 12000 12.10 16. 17 15.41

7 12001 to 14000 8.11 9.98 9.63

8 14001 to 16000 6.58 8.04 7.77

9 16001 to 18000 3.33 3. I 9 3.22

10 18001 to 20000 2.63 2.48 2.50

I I 20001 to 25000 4.24 4.43 4.40

12 25001 to 30000 0.49 1.75 1.52

13 30001 to 40000 l.48 1.02 I.IO

14 40001 to 50000 0.46 0.30 0.33

15 50001 & above 0.78 0.51 0.56

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

74

Table 4.3.~.9 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Mandalay Division

S.N. Expenditure Class (K ya ts) Urban Rural Division

Up to 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 2001 to 4000 l.29 1.65 1..54

3 4001 to 6000 5.65 6.75 6.39

4 6001 to 8000 8.76 11.75 10.78

5 8001 to 10000 12.61 17.00 15.58

6 1000[ to 12000 15.75 15.66 15.69

7 12001 to 14000 13.27 13.41 13.36

8 14001 to 16000 9.46 8.63 8.90

9 16001 to 18000 6.38 7.37 7.05

IO 18001 to 20000 6.32 4.53 5.11

11 20001 to 25000 7.53 6.22 6.64

12 25001 to 30000 5.06 3.17 3.78

13 30001 to 40000 4.12 2.46 3.00

14 40001 to 50000 1.60 0.59 0.92

15 50001 & above 2.21 0.78 1.24

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.10 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Mon State


Up to 2000 0.00 0.18 0.12

2 2001 to 4000 0.73 0.70 0.71

3 4001 to 6000 5.78 4.64 5.03

4 6001 to 8000 17.16 8.06 11.15

5 8001 to 10000 15.86 12.14 13.40

6 10001 to 12000 12.18 12.13 12.15

7 12001 to 14000 10.35 11.54 11.14

8 14001 to 16000 12.48 9.54 10.53

9 16001 to 18000 7.29 7.57 7.47

10 18001 to 20000 3.97 5.49 4.97

11 20001 to 25000 6.47 12.62 10.54

12 25001 to 30000 2.42 5.99 4.78

13 30001 to 40000 2.37 4.26 3.62

14 40001 to 50000 1.94 2.52 2.32

15 50001 & above 0.98 2.65 2.08

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

75

Table 4.3.4.11 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Rakhine State

S.N. Expenditure Class (Kyats) Urban ·Rural State

Up to 2000 0.77 0.00 0.14

2 2001 to 4000 4.38 1.71 2.20

3 4001 to 6000 10.92 4.75 5.89

4 6001 to 8000 15.53 9.50 10.62

5 8001 to 10000 15.22 14.97 15.02

6 10001 to 12000 8.91 14.14 13.17

7 12001 to 14000 10.39 12.90 12.44

8 14001 to 16000 7.42 9.50 9.12

9 16001 to 18000 3.66 6.71 6.14

10 18001 to 20000 3.91 5.74 5.40

11 20001 to 25000 5.94 11.06 10.11

12 25001 to 30000 4.77 2.29 2.75

13 30001 to 40000 3.59 5.13 4.85

14 40001 to 50000 2.09 0.61 0.89

15 50001 & above 2.48 0.98 1.26

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.12 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Yangon Division


Up to 2000 0.16 0.11 0.15

2 2001 to 4000 0.94 2.05 1.23

3 4001 to 6000 4.26 5.39 4.55

4 6001 to 8000 8.60 7.03 8.19

5 8001 to 10000 11.74 9.66 11.20

6 10001 to 12000 10.96 11.61 11. 13

7 12001 to 14000 11.94 12.56 12.10

8 14001 to 16000 10.0 I 7.80 9.44

9 16001 to 18000 7.48 8.68 7.79

10 18001 to 20000 6.78 5.47 6.44 '

11 20001 to 25000 10.80 11.43 10.97

12 25001 to 30000 6.00 6.95 6.25

13 30001 to 40000 5.33 6.26 5.57

14 40001 to 50000 2.19 2.07 2.16

15 50001 & above 2.81 2.95 2.85

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

76

Table 4.3.4.13 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Shan State


Up to 2000 0.39 0.09 0.16

2 2001 to 4000 0.80 0.44 0.52

3 4001 to 6000 1.77 3.52 3.13

4 6001 to 8000 2.82 6.67 5.81

5 8001 to 10000 5.77 I 0.27 9.26

6 10001 to 12000 9.34 11.54 11.05

7 12001 to 14000 9.72 11.54 11.13

8 14001 to 16000 7.35 I 0.39 9.71

9 16001 to 18000 10.18 7.60 8.17

IO 18001 to 20000 9.04 6.74 7.25

11 20001 to 25000 15.53 11.83 12.66

12 25001 to 30000 7.84 7.48 7.56

13 30001 to 40000 6.27 5.64 5.78

14 40001 to 50000 7.13 2.77 3.74

15 50001 & above 6.06 3.50 4.08

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4.3.4.14 Percentage Distribution of Households by Monthly Household Expenditure Class Ayeyarwady Division


Up to 2000 0.00 0.08 0.07

2 2001 to 4000 9.51 1.0 I 2.56

3 4001 to 6000 15.28 . 4.73 6.65

4 6001 to 8000 18.73 8.99 10.76

5 8001 to 10000 15.57 11.22 12.01

6 10001 to 12000 11.05 10.15 10.32

7 12001 to 14000 8.80 10.14 9.90

8 14001 to 16000 7.19 9.19 8.83

9 16001 to 18000 3.12 7.71 6.87

10 18001 to 20000 1.96 5.80 5.10

11 20001 to 25000 2.42 11.48 9.83

12 25001 to 30000 1.90 7.65 6.60

13 30001 to 40000 1.75 6.40 5.56

14 40001 to 50000 1.90 2.54 2.42

15 50001 & above 0.82 2.91 2.53

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

77

Table 4.1.15 Average Household Size

SNI Description Urban Rural Overall

Union 5.22 5.32 5.25

. I Kachin State 6.81 6.57 6.63

2 Kayah State 5.52 5.53 5.53

3 Kayin State 6.03 5.27 5.36

4 Chin State 5.87 6.67 6.53

5 Sagaing Division 5.10 5.59 5.50

6 Tanintharyi Division 5.87 5.57 5.66

7 Bago Division 5.06 4.48 4.62

8 Magway Division 5.47 5.49 5.49

9 Mandalay Division 4.94 5.41 5.26

10 Mon State 5.24 5.35 5.31

11 Rakhine State 5.94 4.75 4.97

12 Yangon Division 5.12 5.09 5 .11

13 Shan State 6.36 5.67 5.83

14 Ayeyarwady Division 4.98 5.39 5.31

77

Table 4.1.15 Average Household Size

SNI Description Urban Rural Overall

Union 5.22 5.32 5.25

Kachin State 6.81 6.57 6.63

2 Kayah State 5.52 5.53 5.53

3 Kayin State 6.03 5.27 5.36

4 Chin State 5.87 6.67 6.53



7 Bago Division 5.06 4.48 4.62



10 Mon State 5.24 5.35 5.31

11 Rakhine State 5.94 4.75 4.97

12 Yangon Division 5.12 5.09 5 .11

13 Shan State 6.56 5.67 5.83


78

Table 4.1.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Overall

S.N. Description Percentage of Households

1 to 2 persons 3 to 7 persons 8 to I 0 persons 11 persons and above

Union 8.59 76.66 12.54 2.20

Kachin State 4.21 64.14 23.11 8.53

2 Kayah State 5.95 76.91 14.89 2.24

3 Kayin State 8.02 75.66 14.06 2.64

4 Chin State 5.25 62.06 25.12 7.58

5 Sagaing Division 8.78 72.94 15.41 2.85

6 Tanintharyi Division 7.67 72.10 17.15 3.09

7 Bago Division 10.39 82.77 5.91 0.94

8 Magway Division 8.06 75.07 14.44 2.46

9 Mandalay Division 7.67 78.75 11.85 .1. 75

10 Mon State 9.54 73.23 14.87 2.40

1 I Rakhine Stat~ 11.62 76.69 10.54 1.16

12 Yangon Division 8.21 79.22 10.45 2.11

13 Shan State 4.45 74.27 I 8.15 3. 13

14 Ayeyarwady Division 10.24 75.74 12. IO 1.92

79

Table 4.1.17 Percentage Distribution. of Households by Household Size Class, Urban


1 to 2 persons 3 to 7 persons 8 to 10 persons l l persons and above

Union 8.79 76.45 12.14 2.63

Kachin State 8.03 58.04 20.99 I2.92

2 Kayah State 5.27 79.73 12.27 2.73

3 Kayin State 4.28 71.56 20.78 3.36

4 Chin State 10.73 61.34 23.79 4.15



7 Bago Division 7.97 80.41 9.07 2.56

8 Magway Division 8.52 73.05 14.64 3.79

9 Mandalay Division 10.60 77.15 10.71 1.56

IO Mon State 10.44 73.68 I3.94 2.0I

l I Rakhine State 5.40 70.93 19.32 4.34

12 Yangon Division 7.70 79.70 10.35 2.26

13 Shan State 4.54 67.21 21.86 6.40

14 Ayeyarwady Division 11.29 74.94 I l.80 1.96

80

Table 4.1.18 Percentage Distribution of Households by Household Size Class, Rural


I to 2 person_s 3 to 7 persons 8 to 10 persons 11 persons and above

Union 7.66 77.40 12.97 1.99

Kach in State 2.97 66.13 23.79 7.11

2 Kayah State 6.26 75.68 16.03 2.02

3 Kayin State 8.34 76.22 13.12 2.54

4 Chin State 4.00 62.21 25.43 8.36



7 Bago Division 11.15 83.53 4.91 0.42

8 Magway Division 7.96 75.52 14.38 2.16

9 · Mandalay Division 6.27 79.51 12.40 1.85

10 Mon State 9.08 73.00 15.34 2.59

11 Rakhine State 13.04 77.99 8.55 0.43

12 Yangon Division 9.68 77.87 10.77 1.69

13 Shan State 4.43 76.31 17.09 2.19

14 Ayeyarwady Division 5.50 79.35 13.44 1.73

2

81

Table 4.2.1.15 Average Monthly Household Income

S.N. Description

Union

State and Division

1 Kachin State

2 Kayah State

3 Kayin State

4 Chin State

5 Sagaing Division

6 Tanintharyi Division

7 Bago Division

8 Magway Division

9 Mandalay Division

10 Mon State

I 1 Rakhine State

I 2 Yangon Division

13 Shan State

14 Ayeyarwady Division

3 City

1 Yangon

2 Mandalay

Urban

13005.76

22883.62

5877.70

13241.82

9976.25

8359.09

16038.41

12910.71

7130.35

8943.08

10748.35

7264.30

18174.36

15198.02

9737.95

18997.36

11058.03

Rural

8905.65

10065.07

4072.44

11599.90

6121.53

7636.89

11387.18

7329.02

643 I .25

8510.07

10777.56

6523.69

12306.09

6429.72

12884.96

( Kyats)

Overall

IO 122.98

13 I 96.6 I

4622.15

11800.54

6836.21

7760.88

12712.76

8673 .64

6560.61

8650.39

10767.66

6660.56

16660.99

8393.82

12311.42

18997.36

11058.03

82

Table 4.2.1.16 Ranking of States and Divisions by Average Monthly Household Income

( Kyats )

Urban Rural Overall

S.N. Rank State and Average Rank State and Average Rank State and Average

Division monthly Division monthly Division monthly

household household household

mcome mcome mcome

Kachin 22883.62 Ayeyarwad 12884.96 Yangon 16660.99

2 2 Yangon 18174.36 2 Yangon 12306.09 2 Kachin 13196.61

3 3 T anintharyi 16038.41 3 Ka yin 11599.90 3 Tanintharyi 12712.76

4 4 Shan 15198.02 4 Tanintharyi 11387.18 4 Ayeyarwad 12311.42

5 5 Ka yin 13241.82 5 Mon 10777.56 5 Ka yin 11800.54

6 6 Bago 12910.71 6 Ka chin 10065.07 6 Mon 10767.66

7 7 Mon 10748.35 7 Manddalay 8510.07 7 Bago 8673.64

8 8 Chin 9976.25 8 Sagaing 7636.89 8 Manddalay 8650.39

9 9 Ayeyarwad 9737.95 9 Bago 7329.02 9 Shan 8393.82

10 IO Manddalay 8943.08 10 Rakhine 6523.69 10 Sagaing 7760.88

11 11 Sagaing 8359.09 11 Magway 6431.25 11 Chin 6836.21

12 12 Rakhine 7264.30 12 Shan 6429.72 12 Rakhine 6660.56

13 13 Magway 7130.35 13 Chin 6121.53 13 Magway 6560.61

14 14 Kayah 5877.70 14 Kayah 4072.44 14 Kayah 4622.15

83

Table 4.2.1.17 Median Monthly Household Income

( Kyats )

S.N. Description Urban Rural Overall

Union 7369.58 6604.60 6966.15

State and Division

Kachin State 12288.38 728 I .60 8867.02

2 Kayah State 5585.21 5257.02 5416.44 ..,

Kayin State 8999.46 7806.74 836 l.48 .)

4 Chin State 6777.34 5946.49 6335.19



7 Bago Division 7548.68 5932.38 6643.20

8 Magway Division 5878.00 5430.56 5645. I I

9 Mandalay Division 5957 .83 6507.48 6220.92

10 Mon State 7494.38 7339.30 7416.58

11 Rakhine State 5960.67 5989.22 5974.91

12 Yangon Division 7109.75 8057.03 7553.24

13 Shan State 9144.27 5786.85 7088.59


3 City

Yangon 10421.67 10421.67

2 Mandalay 7650.30 7650.30

2

84

Table 4.2.1.18 Percentage Contribution by Wages and Salaries to the Average Monthly Household Income


Union 77.87 37.83 49.71

State and Division

Kachin State 76.95 67.14 69.54

2 Kayah State 62.5 I 28.47 38.84

3 Kayin State 86.67 58.65 62.08

4 Chin State 41.42 8.45 14.56



7 Bago Division 57.44 31.66 37.87

8 Magway Division 74.75 35. 16 42.49


10 Mon State ----.:..........-- 85.79 54.66 65.21

I I Rakhine State 77.79 60.83 63.97

12 Yangon Division 85.46 61.98 79.41

13 Shan State 82.97 37. 16 47.42


3 City

Yangon 86.03 86.03

2 Mandalay 83.20 83.20

2

85

Table 4.2.1.19 Percentage Contribution by the Entrepreneurial Income to the Average Monthly Household Income


Union 15.33 55.91 43.86

State and Division

Kachin State 17.09 28.07 25.39

2 Kayah State 36.34 66.58 57.37

3 Kayin State 9.14 33.46 30.49

4 Chin State 43.42 72.86 67.40



7 Bago Division 33.89 54.38 49.44


CJ Mandalay Division 14.11 61.42 46.09

10 Mon State 6.36 31.44 22.94

11 Rakhine State 16.40 17.34 17.19

12 Yangon Division 6.23 31.5 12.75

13 Shan State 12.92 61.65 50.74


3 City

Yangon 6.02 6.02

2 Mandalay 12.51 12.51

N.

J

86

Table 4.2.2.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined

Monthly Household Income Class, Overall

Description Monthly Household Income ( Kyats )

up to 2000 200 I to I 0000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above

Union 6.27 66.49 18.62 8.64

Ka chin State 5 .11 57.57 24.70 12.60

Kayah State 20.94 72.49 5.38 1.20

Kayin State 6.37 56.64 22.15 14.83

Chin State 21.11 61.07 14.58 3.24

Sagaing Division 10.46 68.29 15.53 5.71

Tanintharyi Division 4.43 49.92 31.52 14.14

Bago Division 8.67 71.28 13 .82 6.23

Magway Division 3.83 86.96 7.03 2.20

Mandalay Division 4.95 72.00 16.16 6.90

Mon State 3.59 64.08 23.73 8.60

Rakhine State 13.26 70.31 13.52 2.92

Yangon Division 3.56 50.32 28.58 17.54

Shan State 11.33 67.98 13.09 5.61

Ayeyarwady Division 2.83 58.01 26.31 12.86

'\J.

87


Monthly Household Income Class, Urban

Description Monthly Household Income ( K yats )

up to 2000 200 1 to 10000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above

Union 5 .15 60.12 22.35 12.29

Kachin State 3.87 40.24 25.76 30.14

Kayah State 9.99 79.55 7.64 2.82

Kayin State 4.34 51.23 26.23 18.18

Chin State 12.94 60.85 17.63 8.58


Tanintharyi Division 3.81 41.07 33.79 21.33

Bago Division 4.77 61.48 21.62 12.10

Magway Division 10.28 74.79 11.76 3.17


Mon State 2.65 64.07 25.01 8.23

Rakhine State 15.90 68.00 12.66 3.46

Yangon Division 2.90 48.13 29.31 19.63

Shan State 3.31 51.38 28.93 16.39


N.

2

3

-+

)

6

7

8

l)

I 0

II

12

13

14

88


Monthly Household Income Class, Rural

Description Monthly Household Income ( Kyats )

up to 2000 200 I to I 0000 I 000 I to 20000 2000 I and above

Union 6.75 69.17 17.04 7.07

Kachin State 5.51 63.16 24.38 6.95

Kayah State 25.73 69.40 4.40 0.48

Kayin State 6.66 57.40 21.58 14.37

Chin State 22.97 61.13 13.87 2.03


Tanintharyi Division 4.6~ 53.44 30.60 11.28

Bago Division 9.90 74.40 11.36 4.37

Magway Division 2.37 89.73 5.96 l.96


Mon State 4.07 64.06 23.07 8.79

Rakhine State 12.66 70.83 13.71 2.80

Yangon Division 5.45 56.62 26.41 l l .52

Shan State 13.65 72.78 11.09 2.50


89

Table 4.3.1.15 Average Monthly Household Expenditure

.N. Description Urban Rural

Union 15266.42 13091.16

State and Division

I Kachin State 19074.86 15494.24

2 Kayah State 12012.19 10582.09

3 Kayin State 15645.59 14847.18

4 Chin State 11802.97 l 0596.51

5 Sagaing Division 14705.36 13328.80

6 Tanintharyi Division 19929.62 19041.34

7 Bago Division 14634.79 13265.32

8 Magway Division 1222 I .55 11671.52

9 Mandalay Division 15851.98 12867.01

IO Mon State 14285.68 13411.72

11 Rakhine State 12736.39 11874.38

12 Yangon Division 16053.49 13906.29

13 Shan State I 9540.74 15815.44

14 Ayeyarwady Division 12641.61 12184.72

City

I Yangon 16234.81

2 Mandalay 18273.60

( Kyats)

Overall

13784:51

16368.98

11017.56

14944.75

10820.20

13565.15

19294.50

13595.22

11773.30

13834.31

13708.00

12033.68

15499.75

16649.91

12267.99

16234.8 I

18273.60

90

Table 4.3.1.16 Ranking of States and Devisions by Monthly Household Expenditure

( Kyats)

S.N. Urban Rural Overall

Rank State and Value Rank State and Value Rank State and Value

Division Division Division

Taninthayi ~9929.62 Taninthayi 19041.34 Taninthayi 19294.50

2 2 Shan 19540.74 2 Shan 15815.44 2 Shan 16649.9 I

3 ..,

Kachin 19074.86 3 Kachin 15494.24 3 Kachin 16368.98 .)

4 4 Yangon 16053.49 4 Ka yin 14847.18 4 Yangon 15499.75

5 5 Mandalay 15851.98 5 Yangon 13906.29 5 Ka yin 14944.75

6 6 Ka yin 15645.59 6 Mon 13411.72 6 Mandalay 13834.31

7 7 Sagaing 14705.36 7 Sagaing 13328.80 7 Mon 13708.00

8 8 Bago 14634.79 8 Bago 13265.32 8 Bago 13595.22

9 9 Mon 14285.68 9 Mandalay 12867.01 9 Sagaing 13565.15

10 10 Rakhine 12736.39 10 Ayeyarwad 12184.72 10 Ayeyarwad 12267.99

11 11 Ayeyarwady 12641.61 11 Rakhine 11874.38 II Rakhine 12033.68

12 12 Magway 12221.55 12 Magway 11671.52 12 Magway 11773.30

13 13 Kay ah 12012.19 13 Chin 10596.51 13 Kayah 11017.56

14 14 Chin 11802.97. 14 Kayah 10582.09 14 Chin 10820.20

Table 4.3.1.17 Median

S.N. Description

Union

2 State and Division

Kachin State

2 Kayah State

3 Kayin State

4 Chin State

5 Sagaing Division


7 Bago Division

8 Magway Division

9 Mandalay Divi.sion

10 Mon State

11 Rakhine State

12 Yangon Division

13 Shan State


3 City

Yangon

2 Mandalay

91

Monthly

Urban

13672.85

22207.13

10578.91

15371.04

15692.79

13121.34

19132.75

12781.05

7008.63

14239.81

12261.64

10925.47

15696.50

18427.82

7171.87

15495. 16

11621.03

Household Expenditure

I Rural

13499.80

14906.72

10613.82

14845.47

6882.54

12484.42

17617.52

12746.72

9461.61

12612.31

15248.46

13893.63

15587.39

16070.04

15577.74

( Kyats )

Overall

13549.52

16054.96

10604.38

15101.19

8954.8 I

12583.42

17986.74

12755.62

9074.69

12655.83

14237.01

13487.06

14771.48

16577.50

14376.9 I

15495.16

11621.03

92

Table 4.3.2 Monthly Household Expenditure on Food and Beverages

S.N. Description

Union


Kachin State

2 Kayah State

3 Kayin State

4 Chin State

5 Sagaing Division


7 Bago Division

8 Magway Division

9 Mandalay Division

10 Mon State

11 Rakhine State

12 Yangon Division

13 Shan State


3 City

Yangon

2 Mandalay

Urban

10419.99

I 36(i0.87

9035.73

11036.05

8344.93

10366.10

13726.32

10259.27

9279.28

11172.37

10026.16

9135.64

10337.31

13178.02

8685.99

10417.19

12700.56

Rural

9479.30

11264.22

8015.07

10832.87

7775.23

9943.1 I

12849.61

9330.53

8840.00

9482.31

9281.0 I

8838.99

9414.42

11846.52

8485.34

( Kyats)

Overall

9779.45

11849.72

8325.87

10857.70

7880.85

10015.74

13099.47

9554.26

8921.28

10029.98

9533.62

8893.81

10099.31

12144.78

8521.91

10417.19

12700.56

93

Table 4.3.2.1 Ranking of States and Devisions by Monthly Expenditure on Food and Beverages

( Kyats )




Tanintharyi 13726.32 Tanintharyi 12849.61 Tanintharyi 13099.47

2 2 Kachin, 13660.87 2 Shan 11846.52 2 Shan 12144.78

3 3 Shan 13178.02 3 Kachin 11264.22 3 Kach in 11849.72

4 4 Ka yin 11036.05 4 Ka yin I 0832.87 4 Ka yin 10857.70

5 5 Mandalay 11172.37 5 Sagaing 9943.11 5 Sagaing I 0015. 74

6 6 Sagaing 10366.10 6 Mandalay 9482.31 6 Yangon 10099.31

7 7 Bago 10259.27 7 Yangon 9414.42 7 Mandalay 10029.98

8 8 Yangon 10337.31 8 Bago 9330.53 8 Bago 9554.26

9 9 Mon 10026.16 9 Mon 9281.0 I 9 Mon 9533.62

10 10 Magway 9279.28 10 Magway 8840.00 10 Magway 8921.28

11 11 Rakhine 9135.64 11 Rakhine 8838.99 11 Rakhine 8893.81

12 12 Kayah 9035.73 12 Ayeyarwady 8485.34 12 Ayeyarwady 8521.91

13 13 Ayeyarwady 8685.99 13 Kayah 8015.07 13 Kayah 8325.87

14 14 Chin 8344.93 14 Chin 7775.23 14 Chin 7880.85

94

Table 4.3.3 Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food

S.N. Description

Union


Kachin State

2 Kayah State

3 Kayin State

4 Chin State

5 Sagaing Division


7 Bago Division

8 Magway Division

9 Mandalay Division

10 Mon State

11 Rakhine State

12 Yangon Division

13 Shan State


3 City

Yangon

2 Mandalay

Urban

4846.43

5413.99

2976.46

4609.54

3458.04

4339.26

6203.31

4375.52

2942.27

4679.61

4259.52

3600.74

5716.18

6362.72

3955.62

5817.62

5573.05

Rural

3611.86

4230.02

2567.02

4014.33

2821.29

3385.69

6191.73

3934.79

2831.52

3384.70

4130.71

3035.39

4491.88

3968.91

3699.38

( Kyats)

Overall

4005.06

4519.26

2691.70

4087.06

2939.35

3549.42

6195.03

4040.96

2852.01

3804.33

4174.38

3139.86

5400.44

4505.13

3746.08

5817.62

5573.05

95

Table 4.3.3.1 Ranking of States and Divisions by Monthly Household Expenditure on Non-food

( Kyats )




Shan 6362.72 Taninthayi 6191.73 Taninthayi 6195.(J>

2 2 Taninthayi 6203.31 2 Yangon 4491.88 2 Yangon 5400.44

3 3 Yangon 5716.18 3 Kachin 4230.02 3 Kachin 4519.26

4 4 Kachin 5413.99 4 Mon 4l30.7I 4 Shan 4505.I3

5 5 Mandalay 4679.61 5 Ka yin 4014.33 5 Mon 4174.38

6 6 Ka yin 4609.54 6 Shan 3968.9I 6 Ka yin 4087.06

7 7 Bago 4375.52 7 Bago 3934.79 7 Bago 4040.96

8 8 Sagaing 4339.26 8 Ayeyarwady 3699.38 8 Ayeyarwady 3746.08

9 9 Mon 4259.52 9 Sagaing 3385.69 9 Mandalay 3804.33

IO 10 Ayeyarwady 3955.62 IO Mandalay 3384.70 IO Sagaing 3549.42

11 I I Rakhine 3600.74 11 Rakhine 3035.39 I I Rakhine 3139.86

12 12 Chin 3458.04 12 Magway 2831.52 12 Chin 2939.35

I3 13 Kay ah 2976.46 13 Chin 2821.29 I3 Magway 2852.0 I

I4 I4 Magway 2942.27 14 Kay ah 2567.02 14 Kay ah 2691.70

96

Table 4:3.4.15 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Overall

S.N. Description ~ 6000 6001-14000 1400 l-20000 ;:::: 20001

( K vats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats )

Union 8.47 49.76 2 l.08 20.68


Kachin State 2.50 39.5 29.07 28.93

2 Kayah State 12.76 59.28 15. l 8 12.77

3 Kayin State 4.06 44.78 30.94 20.20

4 Chin State 22.72 48.06 15.33 13.89



7 Bago Division 9.43 52.24 20.84 17.50

8 Magway Division 15.44 63.17 13.49 7.91


10 Mon State 5.86 47.84 22.97 23.34

11 Rakhine State 8.23 51.25 20.66 19.86

12 Yangon Division 5.93 42.62 23.67 27.79

13 Shan State 3.81 37.25 25.13 33.82


3 City

I Yangon 4.37 41.95 25.37 28.31

2 Mandalay 1.08 . 44.6 30.02 24.32

97

Table 4.3.4.16 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Urban

S.N. Description .$ 6000 6001-14000 14001-20000 ~ 20001

( Kyats) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats)

Union 9.59 47.31 2 I. l 7 21.94


Kachin State 0.97 20.27 22.20 56.54

2 Kayah State 7.26 66.72 14.64 l l.37

3 Kayin State 1.89 46.02 28.00 24.09

4 Chin State 10.27 34.86 22.74 32.13



7 Bago Division 9.81 52.77 21.00 16.43

8 Magway Division 21.82 58.19 12.54 7.45


JO Mon State 6.51 55.55 23.74 14.19

11 Rakhine State 16.07 50.05 14.99 18.87

12 Yangon Division 5.36 43.24 24.27 27.13

13 Shan State 2.96 27.65 26.57 42.83


3 City

Yangon 4.37 41.95 25.37 28.31

2 Mandalay 1.08 44.60 30.02 24.32

98

Table 4.3;4.17 Percentage Distribution of Households by Combined Monthly Expenditure Class, Rural

S.N. Description .$ 6000 6001-14000 14001-20000 ;::: 2000!

( Kyats) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats ) ( Kyats )

Union 7.99 50.8 l 21.05 20. !5


l Kachin State 2.99 45.72 31.29 20.0l

2 Kayah State 15.16 56.03 15.42 13.40

3 Kayin State 4.37 44.63 31.36 19.67

4 Chin State 25.55 51.06 13.65 9.74



7 Bago Division 9.31 52.09 20.80 17.84

8 Magway Division 13.99 64.31 13.71 8.01


10 Mon State 5.52 43.87 22.60 28.04

11 Rakhine State 6.46 51.51 21.95 20.07

12 Yangon Division 7.55 40.86 21.95 29.66

13 Shan State 4.05 40.02 24.73 31.22


3 City

1 Yangon

2 Mandalay

99

Table 5.1 Estimates for Yangon City

Item

Average household size

Percentage of households with I or 2 persons

Percentage of households with 3 to 7 persons

Percentage of households with 8 to I 0 persons

Percentage of households with I 1 persons and above

Average monthly household income (kyats)

Percentage contribution by wages and salaries

to the average monthly household income

Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income


Percentage of households with monthly household

income of 2000 kyats and less

Percentage of households with monthly hausehold

income of between 2001 and 10000 kyats




income of 20001 kyats and above

Monthly household expenditure (kyats)

Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages (kyats)

Monthly household expenditure on non.:.food (kyats)

Estimate

5.16

7. 15

79.89

I (J.71

2.27

18997.36

86.03

6.02

2.34

46.40

30.19

21.07

16234.81

10417. 19

5817.62

100

Table 5.2 Estimates for Mandalay City

Item

Average household size

Percentage of households with 1 or 2 persons



Percentage of households with 11 persons and above

Monthly household income (k)'ats)

Percentage contribution by wages and salaries


Percentage contribution by entrepreneurial income



income of 2000 kyats and less






income of 20001 kyats and above

Monthly household expenditure (kyats)

Monthly household expenditure on food and beverages (kyats)

Monthly household expenditure on non-food (kyats)

Estimate

4.89

7.73

82.55

8.84

0.89

11058.03

83.20

12.51

1.66

63.70

26.51

8.05

18273.60

12700.56

5573.05

N

2

.+

~

l

7

)

()

2

~

.1

..j.

101

Table 5.3 Household Expenditure Survey (1989) and Household Income and Expen.diture Survey (1997) Results

(Value- Kval

Description Average Monthly Monthly Monthly

household household expenditure expenditure

·size expenditure on Food and on Non- food

Beverages

1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 1989 I 1997

Union 5.27 5.25 I 795.50 13784.5 I 74.03 70.95 25.97 29.W

Kachin State 6.55 6.63 1993.57 16368.98 74.25 72.39 25.75 27.61

Kayah State 5.52 5.53 1907.82 11017.56 74.58 75.57 25.42 24.4:

Kayin State 5.68 5.36 1815.30 14944.75 72.28 72.65 27.72 27.3':

Chin State 6.15 6.53 1695.40 l 0820.20 75.59 72.83 24.41 27. l ~

Sagaing Division 5.36 5.50 1646.38 13565.15 77.74 73.83 22.26 26. I/

Tanintharyi Divisio 5.30 5.66 2001.20 19294.50 75.41 67.89 24.59 32.J I

Bago Division 5.17 4.62 I 723.47 13595.22 74.00 70.28 26.00 29.72

Magway Division 5.32 5.49 1773.37 11773.30 76.20 75.78 23.80 24.22

Mandalay Division 5.11 5.26 1824.45 13834.31 73.8 I 72.13 26. 19 27.50

Mon State 5.77 5.31 1755.46 13708.00 73.63 69.55 26.37 30.45

Rakhine State 5.89 4.97 1850.57 12033.68 75.53 73.91 24.47 26.09

Yangon Division 5.07 5.1 I 1929.35 15499.75 69.25 '63. 16 30.75 34.84

Shan State 5.15 5.83 1832.22 16649.91 73. 18 72.94 26.82 27.06

Ayeyarwady Divisio 4.97 5.31 1746.58 12267.99 74.20 69.46 25.80 30.54

102

Table 5.4 Monthly Household Expenditures, HES (1989) & HIES (1997)

( Yalue-K

S.N. Description Urban Rural Union 1997 I 1989

1989 I 1997 I 989 I 1997 1989 I 1997 Urban I Rural I U

Union 1947.75 15266.42 1743.92 13091.16 1795.50 13784.51 7.84 7.51

Kachin State 2056.06 19074.86 1956.82 15494.24 1993.57 16368.98 9.28 7.92

1 Kayah State 1909.88 12012.19 1905.97 10582.09 1907.82 11017.56 6.29 5.55

3 Kayin State 1836.75 15645.59 1814.34 14847.18 1815.30 14944.75 8.52 8.18

4 Chin State 1778.05 11802.97 1656.04 I 0596.51 1695.40 10820.20 6.64 6.40

5 Sagaing Division 1810.69 14705.36 1619.63 13328.80 1646.38 13565.15 8.12 8.23

6 Tanintharyi Division 2055.36 19929.62 1984.41 19041.34 2001.20 19294.50 9.70 9.60

7 Bago Division 1932.33 14634.79 1672.55 13265.32 1723.47 13595.22 7.57 7.93

8 Magway Division 1893.74 12221.55 1751.79 11671.52 1773.37 11773.30 6.45 6.66

9 Mandalay Division 1939.59 15851.98 1782.64 12867.01 1824.45 13834.31. 8.11 7.22

IO Mon State 1824.57 14285.68 1728.47 13411.72 1755.46 13708.00 7.83 7.76

11 Rakhine State 2031.21 12736:39 1821.01 11874.38 1850.57 12033.68 6.27 6.52

12 Yangon Division 2023.95 16053.49 1731.47 13906.29 1929.35 15499.75 7.87 8.03

13 Shan State 1996.09 19540.74 1788.35 15815.44 1832.22 16649.91 9.79 8.84

14 Ayeyarwady Division 1822._93 12641.61 1732.99 12184.72 1746.58 12267.99 6.93 7.03

Appendixes

Appendix 1 .. I Major Household Expenditure Items

S.N. Descriptions

Food And Beverages

Rice and other cereals 2 Pulses 3 Meat 4 Eggs 5 Fish and crustacea(fresh) 6 Fish and crustacea(dried) 7 Ngapi and nganpyaye 8 Vegetables

[) Fruits 10 Cooking oil and fats 11 Spices and condiments 12 Beverages 13 Sugar and other food 14 Milk and milk products 15 Other miscellaneous food 16 Food taken outside home

2 Non-Food

Tobacco 2 Fuel and light 3 Travelling expenses 4 Journey travelling expenses 5 Clothing and apparel 6 Personal use goods 7 Cleansing and toilet 8 Crockeries 9 Other household goods 10 Furniture 11 House rent and repairs 12 Stationary and school supplies 13 Education 14 Medical care 15 Recreation 16 Charity and ceremonials 17 Other expenses

S.N.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

•.

Appendix 2.1 ·

List of Townships Not Included in the Sampling Frame

State and Division

Kachin State

Kayah State

Kayin State

Chin State

Sagaing Division


Sago Division

Mon State

Rakhine State

Shan State

Number

14

Township ·

Waingmaw, N Jangyang, Kamaing, Tanai, Chipway,Hsawlaw, Shwegu, Monauk, Mansi, Putao, Sumprabum, Machambaw, Khawbude, Nogmun

5 Phruhso, Hsataw, Bawlake, Pasawng, Masai ,

5 Hlaingbwe, Papun, Kawkareik, Thandaung, Kya im/ Seikkyi

6 Thatlaung, Tonsang , Mindat, Matupi, Kanpetlet, Paletwa

6 Kyunhla, Khamti, Homalin, Lashe, Layhee, Nanyun

7 Launglon, Thayetchaung, Yebyu, Palaw, Tanintharyi, Kawthoung, Bokpyinn

Kyaukkyi

4 Thanbyuzayat, Mudon, Yay, Bilinn

6 Pouktaw, Myebon, Minbya, Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung

33 Hpekon, Laikha, Namsan (South), Kunhein, Mongne, Lanhkion, Maukme, Mongpang,kyeethi, Mongkaing , Mongshu, Mongreh, Tangyan,Manpham, Pangyan, Napham, Panwaing, Mongmaw, Namsan(North)~ Mongmeik, Mabein, Manton, Kunlon, Hopang, Laukkai, Kongyann, Mongkhat, Mongyan, Monghsat, Mongping, Mongton, Monghpyak, Mongyawng

Appendix:::

Number of Townships to be Surveyed

Number of Number of Number of Number of Number

S.N. State I Division Townships Townships in the Sample Additional Townships

Sampling Frame Townships Townships Surveye

Kachin State 18 4 2

2 Kayah State 7 2 2

3 Kayin State 7 3 2

4 Chin State C) 3 2

5 Sagaing Division 38 32 2 2

6 Tanintharyi Division IO 3 2

7 Bago Division 28 27 2 2

8 Magway Division 25 25 2

9 Mandalay Division 30 30 4

JO Mon State IO 6 2

1 l Rakhine State 17 11 2

12 Yangon Division 43 43 8

13 Shan State 54 21 2

14 Ayeyarwady Division 26 26 2 2

Total 322 236 36 9 4

HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

I

:POSSESSION Ownership

Tenure of dwelling

BUILDING S[rucrure

Type of House

Government Private Religious Other .............. .

(Specify)

Owned Rented Rent-Free Other .............. .

(Specify)

Pu cc a Semi-pucca Wooden Bamboo Other .............. .

(Specify)

Independent Appartment Other .............. .

(Specify)

1 2 3

4

9

.'.\re<1 of dwelling space (in square feet)

LIGHTING

Total area

Electricity Battery Other ............. .

(Specify)

4 SOURCE OF WATER Type of water

Piped warer Artesian Well Covered Well Uncovered Well Compound Pond/Lake Pond/Lake River/Ci·eek Orher ....... .

(Specify) Availability of water

In house In compound Carried Other ..

(Specify)

5 FUEL FOR COOKING Firewood Charcoal

6 TOILET Utility

Location

Gas Electricil\' Substitute for firewood Other .......... .

(Specify)

Private Communal Nil

In house In compound Other ....

(Specify) Type of toilet

2

3 4

5

6 7

9

2 3 4

5

Pour f1ush 1

Covered pit 2 Pit 3 Bucket 4 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

(Specify)

Does your household O'Nll the following items?

Sr. No Items Yes No

01 Television 1 2

02 Video Player 1 2

03 Cassette player/recorder 1 2

04 Radio 1 2

05 Cassette Radio 1 2

06 Electric Iron 1 2

07 Electric Fan 1 2

08 Rice Cooker 1 2

09 Hot-Plate 1 2

10 Refrigerator 1 2

11 Washing Machine 1 2

12 Air Conditioner 1 2

13 Computer 1 2

14 Emergency Lamp 1 2

15 Voltage Regulator 1 2

16 Sewing Machine 1 2

17 Bicycle 1 2

18 Motor-cycle 1 2

19 Motor Car 1 2

20 Cart 1 2

21 Boat 1 2

HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE

Did you consume the following items yesterday?

:CODE: COI\1MODTIY

CEREAL

01 Rice (Govt./Co-op.) 02 Rice 03 Kaukhnyin 04 Wheat Flour 09 Other Cereal

2 PUI.SES

01 Pegyi 02 Pegya 03 Sadawpe 04 Butter Bean 05 -Penilay (Peyaza) 06 Gram (Kalap e) 07 Boiled Garden Pea 09 Other

3 MEAT

01 Chicken 02 Duck 03 Beef 04 Pork 05 Mutton 06 Dried Meat 09 Other

4 EGGS

01 Fowl Egg 02 Duck Egg 09 Other Egg

UNIT OF MEASURE

MENT

Pyi II

II

Viss Pyi

Viss II

II

II

II

II

II

Viss II

II

II

II

II

II

No. II

II

PURCHASE QTY. :VALUE

Consumer Unit ( )

(Value -Kyat)

NON - PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE

:CODE· C0/\1MODITY UNIT OF Iv1EASURE

Iv1ENT 5 FISH AND PRAWNS (FRESH)

01 02

Ngayant Ngakhu

03 Ngagyee 04 Ngapyayma O:' Ngagyinn 06 Ngamyitchinn 07 Ngaton/Ngamyinn 08 Ngathalauk 09 Kakatit 10 11 12 13 19 20 21 29

Ngashwe Kakuyan Ngamoke Ngabokethin Other Fish (all kinds) Pazonkyawt Pazondoke Other Prawns

Viss

II

II

6 FISH AND PRAWNS (DRIED)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 09

Sardine (All Kinds) Dried Prawns Ngayantchauk Ngagyichauk N gabo kechauk Ngakunshutchauk Nganyatchauk Other Dried Fish

7 VEGETABLES

01 02 03 04

Potatoes Gourd Brinjal Tomato

05 Cabbage 06 Beetroot/Radish 07 Water Leaf 08 Roselle Leaf 09 Cucumber 10 19

Spring Beans Other

Viss

II

Viss

Viss

Viss

PURCHASE : QTY. : VALUE

(Contd) (Value -Kyat)

: NON - PURCHASE QTY.· VALUE

:CODE: COl'VIMODITY

8 FRUITS

OJ 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 J9

Banana Coconut Papaya Mangoes Orange Apple Lime Lemon Pine Apple Other Fruits

09 OTHER MISC. FOOD

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

Bread Cake (all kinds) Biscuit (Local) Biscuit (Foreign) Vermicelli (Bean) Vermicelli (Rice) Dried Noodle (Local) Dried Noodle (Foreign) Noodle

10 Myanma Vermicelli J 9 Other

UNIT OF }vfEASURE

}vfENT

No.

Loaf

Lb.

Viss

Pkt

Viss

10 FOOD TAKEN OUTSIDE HOME

. OJ

02 03 04 05 06 09

Mohingar Coconut Noodle Salad Fried Noodle Tea/Coffee Betel Quid Other foods

No.

No.

PURCHASE QTY.: VALUE



(Contd) Did you consume the following items during the last 7 days?

(Value -K at) · UNIT OF

:CODE· COMMODITY tvfEASURE- PURCHASE · NON - PURCHASE tvfENT QTY: VALUE QTY VALUE

11 FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

01 Fish Ngapi Viss 02 Hmyin Ngapi 03 Ngapikaung 04 Nganpyaye 05 Pickled Fish 06 Pickled Prawns 09 Other Products

12 OIL AND FATS

01 Groundnut Oil Viss 02 Sesamum Oil 03 Palm Oil (Govt./Co-op.) 04 Palm Oil 09 Other

(Contd.) Did you consume the following items during the last 30 days?

CODE COM:MODITY UNIT OF

l'v1EASUREl'v1ENT

13 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS

01 02 03

Chillies Onion Garlic

04 Tamarine 05 Tumeric Powder 06 Ginger 07 Pepper 08 Masalar 09 Salt 10 19

Seasoning Powder Other Spices

14 BEVERAGES

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 19

Green Tea (Local) Green Tea (Foreign) Black Tea (Local) Black Tea (Foreign) Coffee Powder (Local) Coffee Powder (Foreign) Holic/Milo/Overtine Aerated Water (Local) Aerated Water (Foreign) Coffee Mix Beer (Local) Beer (Foreign) Liquor (Local) Liquor (Foreign) Other

Viss

" .

Pk-1. Viss

Viss Lb.

"

Bot

Pk-1. Bot.

15 SUGAR AND MISCELLANEOUS

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

Sugar Palm Jaggery Cane Jaggery Jam (Local) Jam (Foreign) Betel Leaf Betel Nut Tobacco Leaf for Betel Pickled Tea

19 Other

Viss

Viss II

(Value -Kyat)

PURCHASE :NON -PURCHASE QTY. : VALUE QTY . VALUE

:CODE: COMMODTIY UNIT OF MEASURE

MENT

16 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

01 02 03 04 05 06 09

Condensed Mille (Local) Condensed Mille (Foreign) Milk (Fresh) Milk Powder Butter (Local) Butter (Foreign) Other

Viss Tin Viss

Lb. " "

17 TOBACCO AND TOBACCO

01 02 03 04 05 09

18

01

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 19

PRODUCTS

Cigarette (Local) Cigarette (Foreign) Cheroot Cigar Pipe Tobacco Other Tobacco Product

FUEL AND LIGHT

Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Gas Substitude for Fire Wood Electricity Charges Candle Matches Flint Other

No. " "

Pk't.

Viss Bot. Litre

Unit

No.

19 TRAVELLING EXPENSES (Local)

01 Bus Fare 02 Railway Fare 03 Taxi Fare 04 Ferry Bus 05 Trishaw 06 Horse Cart Fare 07 Boat/Steamer 08 09

Petrol Diesel

19 Other

Gallon II


(Contd.) (Value -Kyat)


Did you purchase the following items during last 12 months?

CODE: COI\1MODITY UNJT OF

.MEASURE.MENT

20 TRA YELLING EXPENSES (Journey)

01 Journey Travelling Expenses

21 CLOTHING AND OTHER APPAREL

01 Over Jacket 02 Over Jacket, Other 0., _1 Shirt 04 T-Shirt 05 Sport-Shirt 06 Vest 07 Men's Longyi 08 Trousers 09 Under Pants 10 Sweater 11 Women's Wear 12 Blouse 13 Bodice 14 Women's Longyi 15 Under Wear 16 Shawl 17 Towel 18 Bed sheet 19 Mosquito Net 20 Blanket 21 Table Cloth 22 Socks ,., "'"-' Cloth (all kinds) 24 Tailoring Charges (Men) 25 Tailoring Charges (Women) 29 Other

22 OTHER PERSONAL EFFE.CTS

01 Hat 02 Umbrella OJ Raincoat 04 Bag 05 Hand Bag 06 Purse 07 Belt

PURCHASE QTY: VALUE


: NON - PURCHASE QTY: VALUE

CODE. COMMODITY

08 Slipper (Leather) 09 Slipper (Other) I 0 Shoes 11 Spectacles 12 Watch/Clock 13 Baskets

14 T arch Light 1 :' Gold/Sliver/Jewels 19 Other

UNIT OF. JvfEASURE

JvIENT

No

23 TOILET GOODS OR ARTICLES

01 02

Coconut Oil Other Hair Oil

03 Face Powder 04 Talcum Powder 05 Make-up 06 Glycerine 07 Perfume 08 Lipstick 09 Nail Polish 10 Thanakha 11 12

Tooth Paste Tooth Brush

13 Toilet Soap

14 Washing Soap

15 16 17 18 19

Washing Powder Shampoo Hair Cream Hair Dressing Charges Razor Blade

20 Indigo 29 Other

24 CROCKERIES

01 Potteries (Aluminium) 02 Potteries (Steel) 03 Plate (Porcelain) 04 Plate (Other) 05 Drinking Pot 06 Bowls 09 Other

Viss

Pkt No.

Pkt

PURCHASE QTY ·VALUE

(Contd ) (Value -Kyat)

NON - PURCHASE QTY VALUE

:CODE: CO.l'v1MODITY UNIT OF

ivIBASUREivIBNT

PURCHASE QTY.. VALUE

25 FURNITURE

01 Bed No.

02 Cupboard

03 Dressing Table

04 Kitchen Cupboard

05 Table/Chair

06 Mat

07 Carpet

08 Linloeum 09 Other

26 HOUSE RENT, REPAIR AND TAXATION

01 House Rent (Govt.) 02 House Rent (Other) 03 House Repairs 04 D hani/Thatch/Vv' acut Pyit 05 Bamboo No.

06 Zinc 07 Wood Ton 08 Cement Pkt 09 Brick No. 10 Nail 11 Other Construction Tools 12 Land Tax 13 Municipal Tax 14 Cleansing Tax 15 Water Tax 16 Water Charges 19 Other

27 EXTRA CURRICULAR READING

01 Newspaper No.

02 Books (Purchased)

03 Books (Borrowed) 09 Other



CODE. COivfMODITY

2S EDUCATION

01 Text Books

02 Exercise Books 03 Writting Paper 04 Pencil

05 Ball Pen

06 Ball Pen Refill

07 Compass Box

OS Pencil Case

09 Slate

10 Slate Stick 11 Other Stationery 12 School Admission Fees 13 School Fees 14 Tution Fees/Spare Time Fees 19 Other

29 MEDICAL CARE

01 Indigenous Medicine 02 Vitamin 03 Aspirin (all kinds) 04 Antibiotic 05 Other Medicine 06 Examination/Consulting Fees 07 Laboratary Checkup OS Medical Care 09 Hospital Care 19 Other

30 RECREATION

01 Motion Picture 02 Video 03 Performance of Dance 04 Stage Show 05 Cassette Tape 06 Sport Instrument 07 Photograph 09 Other

UNIT OF :MEASURE

:MENT

No

No.

PURCHASE QTY. VALUE


NON - PURCHASE QTY VALUE

:CODE: COMMODITY UNIT OF MEASURE

MENT

31 CHARITY AND CEREMONIALS

01 Donation/Charities 02 Ceremonials and Mourning Events 03 Gifts to Relations 04 Flowers for Offering 09; Other

32 OTHER EXPENSES

01 Monthly Fees 02 Other Fees 03 Fluorescent 04 Bulb 05 Batteries 06 Telephone Charges 07 Postn'elegram Charges 08 Servant/Driver/Other Worker 09 Repair Charges 19 Other

..,.., OTHER HOUSEHOLD GOODS .).)

01 Refrigerator · 02 Television 03 Video Player 04 Cassette Player/Recorder 05 Radio 06 Cassette/Radio 07 Electric Iron 08 Electric Fan 09 Rice Cooker IO Hot-Plate 11 Washing Machine 12 Air Conditioner 13 Computer 14 Emergency Lamp 15 Sewing Machine 16 Bicyole 17 Motor-cycle 18 Motor Car 19 Other Electrical Goods


(Concld.) (Value -Kyat)

NON - PURCHASE : QTY.: VALUE :

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

To ask household head or responsible person of household Sample No.I. I I I Monthly Income (Kyats) Yearly Income (Kyats)

Sr. Name Wages/Salary Pension Total Entreprene Rent Interest Remittances Bonus In Kind Total

No. In 111 -mial and

Cash Kind Income Other

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10) (11) (12) (13)

l

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Appendix 3 .1.2

T errns and Definitions ·

Household A household is a family or a group of related or unrelated persons who share a common dwelling

unit and eat, as the saying goes, out of the same pot. A household may either be a single person household or a multi-person household.

Head of Household In general, the head of a household is the person mainly responsible for earning the livelihood for

the household. There may be cases where any other member of the household is regarded as the head of household, irrespective of responsibility for livelihood.

Relationship to Head of Household Relationship to head of household refers to the relationship of the person enumerated to the head

of the household.

Age Age is the number of years completed on the last birthday.

Marital Status Marital status is the s_tatus of the person enumerated in relation to marriage customs. Marital

status is defined under five categories.

( 1) Single (Never Married)

(2) Married

(3) Widowed

(4) Divorced and

(5) Others

Literacy

Literacy is the ability both to read and write any language with reasonable understanding.

Educational Attainment

The educational attainment of a person is the highest level of education attained or completed by the person in the system of formal, special and adult education.

Occupation

Occupation is the work done by a person as a means of livelihood to earn income either in cash or in kind. It refers only to those who were employed during the specified 7 days, including unpaid family workers. For persons with dual occupation, only the occupation in which the respondent worked most of the time was recorded.

PARTICULARS OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

To ask household head or any responsible person from the household Sample No.I - J I I

Relationship to Marital Educational Status Employment Status Occupation Head of Household Sex Age Status ( Age 5 and above) (Age 5 and above) (For Employed

Persons)

Sr. Head of Household = 1 M = 1 < 1 =OD Single = 1 Illiterate =O Student = 1

No. Name Spouse =2 Married =2 Literate = 1 Employed = 2 Son/Daughter =3 F=2 >/ 99 = 99 Widovved =3 Monastic =2 Other =9

Parenl/Parent in Law = 4 Separated I = 4 Primary =3 Ott1er Relatives =5 Divorced Primary Attainment =4 Major Minor

Other =9 other =9 Middle Attainment =5 High School AUainment = 6 Graduate =7 Vocational = 8' Other =9

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 01 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9

·02 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 03 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 04 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 . 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 05 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 06 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 07 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 08 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 09 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9

10 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9

11 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9

12 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 13 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 14 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 15 1 2 3 4 5 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9

Access to Mass Media

Sr. Do you Read If Yes Do 'you Listen If Yes Do you vvatch If Yes

No. Name Newspaper? Radio Programme T.V Programme

Yes = 1 Usually = 1 Yes = 1 Usually = 1 Yes = 1 Usually =

No =2 Often =2 No =2 Often =2 No =2 Often =

( 1) (2) ( 11) (12) (13) ( 14) (15) (16)

01 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

02 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

03 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

04 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

06 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

07 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

08 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

09 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

10 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

11 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

12 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

13 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

14 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

15 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Appendix 2.1.2

Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division

Sample Sample Total

S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural Sample Households Households Households

Ka chin · I Myitkyenar * 210 420 630

2 Bhamo * 100 200 300

2 Kayah I Loikaw * 100 200 300

2 Demoso * 100 200 300

.., Kay in _)

1 Paan * 270 540 810

2 Myawaddy * 100 200 300

4 Chin

I Haka * 100 200 300

2 Tiddim * 100 200 300

5 Sagaing I Sagaing 210 420 630

2 Monwya * 300 600 900 3 Shwebo 210 420 630

4 Sanlingyi * 180 360 540

b Tanintharyi

I Dawei * 180 360 540

2 Myeik * 240 480 720

7 Ba go I Bago 210 420 630

2 Pyay * 270 540 810

3 Taungoo 210 420 630

4 Padaung * 180 360 540

8 Magway I Magway 210 420 630

2 Y enangyaung * 210 420 630

3 Taungdwingyi * 240 480 720

Appendix 2. 1.2

Number of Sample Urban and Rural Households by State and Division (Concld)

Sample Sample Total S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural Sample

Households Households Households

9 Mandalay Mandalay City

l Aungmyaythasan * 600 600

2 Chanmyathasi * 420 420 Mandalay

1 Meikhtilar 210 420 630

2 Myingyan * 300 600 900

3 Madaya * 210 420 630

10 Mon 1 Mawlamyaing * 300 600 900

2 Chaungsone * 210 420 630

l l Rakhine Sittwe * 240 480 720

2 Gwa * 100 200 300

12 Yangon Yangon City

1 Lanmadaw * 240 240

2 K yeemyindaing * 240 240 -

3 Yankin * 300 300

4 lnsein * 600 600

5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) * 540 540

6 Dawpone * 240 240

Yangon 1 Thanlyin * 180 360 540

2 Taikkyi * 240 480 720

13 Shan 1 Taunggyi 210 420 630

2 Lashio * 240 480 720

3 Pindaya * 100 200 300

14 Ayeyarwady 1 Pathein 210 420 630

2 Hinthada 210 420 630

3 Myaungmya * 300 600 900

4 Dedaye * 240 480 720

Total 10610 14860 25470

* Sample township

Appendix 2.1.3

Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts

Urban Rural .' State/Division!Township Number Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total '·

of Sample Sample Village Sample Sample Sample

Wards Wards Households Tracts Village Households Households

Tracts

Kach in

Mvitkvenar 17 4 210 39 4 420 630

2 Bhamo 10 ..,

100 48 5 200 300 .)

Kay ah

I Loikaw 13 3 100 13 2 200 300

2 Demoso 100 26 3 200 300

Ka yin

Paan 6 2 270 91 6 540 8 1 O

2 Myawaddy 5 2 100 15 2 200 300

Chin

I Haka 6 2 100 30 3 200 300

2 Tiddim 4 2 100 55 6 200 3 00

Sagaing

l Sagaing 14 4 210 81 6 420 630

2 Monwva 19 5 300 61 6 600 900

3 Shwebo 10 3 210 72 6 420 630

4 Sanlingyi 3 2 180 39 4 360 540

Tanintharyi

I Dawei 15 4 180 23 2 360 540

2 Myeik 12 ..,

240 22 2 480 720 .)

Bago

I. Bago 31 6 210 66 6 420 630

2 2. Pyay 7 2 270 40 4 540 810

3 3. Taungoo 22 5 210 38 4 420 630

4 4. Padaung 5 2 180 38 4 360 540

Magway

I 1. Magway 14 4 210 61 6 420 630

2 2. Y enangyaung 14 3 210 29 3 420 630

3 3. Taungdwingyi 10 3 240 72 6 480 720

Number of Sample Wards and Village Tracts ( Concld. )

Urban Rural S.N. State/Division!fownship Number Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total

of Sample Sample Village San1ple Sample Sam pit Wards Wards Households Tracts Village Households Househol

Tracts

9 Mandalay

Mandalay City

I Aungmyaythasan 19 4 600 6(

2 Chanmyathasi 13 3 420 4~

Mandalay

I Meikhtilar 12 3 210 58 5 420 6::

2 Myingyan 19 5 300 66 6 600 9( 3 Madaya 5 2 210 83 6 420 6~

10 Mon

I Mawlamyaing 17 4 300 13 2 600 90 2 Chaungsone 3 2 210 42 4 420 63

I 1 Rakhine

I Sittwe 32 6 240 27 3 480 72 2 Gwa 3 2 100 34 3 200 30

12 Yangon

Yangon City

1 Lanmadaw 12 3 240 24 2 Kyeemyindaing 21 5 240 24 3 Yankin 15 4 300 30 4 lnsein 21 5 600 60 5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) 26 7 540 54 6 Dawpone 14 4 240 24,

Yangon

l Thanlyin 17 4 180 28 3 360 541 2 Taikkyi 8 2 240 68 6 480 721

13 Shan

I Taunggyi 20 5 210 28 ., 420 631 .)

2 Lashio 12 3 240 77 6 480 721 3 Pindaya 12 3 100 27 3 200 301

14 Ayeyarwady

I Pathein 14 3 210 52 5 420 631 2 Hinthada 21 5 210 103 6 420 63(

3 Myaungmya IO 3 300 115 6 600 90( 4 Dedaye 3 2 240 90 6 480 72(

Appendix 2.4

Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level

S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural

Kachin

Myitkyenar 37.22 44.29

· 2 Bhamo 43.77 54.96

2 Kayah

Loikaw 60.19 44.53

2 Demoso 5.86 45.07

.3 Ka yin

Paan 25.56 120.94

2 Myawaddy 21.50 .30.94

4 Chin

Haka 23.85 40.95

2 Tiddim 15.96 64.26

5 Sagaing

Sagaing 49.30 114.33

2 Monwya 82.68 55.63

.3 Shwebo 44.67 83.23

4 Sanlingyi 53.72 54.38

6 Tanintharyi

Dawei 74.15 27.98

2 Myeik 69.67 37.51

7 Ba go

Ba go 208.09 79.54

2 Pyay 80.68 39.30

3 Taungoo 54.31 55.35

4 Padaung 9.65 61.25

8 Magway

Magway 54.50 92.08

2 Yenangyaung 59.91 47.60

3 Taungdwingyi 32.64 93.23

Sampling Weights for Urban and Rural at Township Level (Concld..I

S.N. State I Division I Township Urban Rural

9 Mandalay

Aungmyaythasan 68.54

2 Chanmyathasi 83.22

3 Meikhtilar 73.71 77.80

4 Myingyan 53.35 79.66

5 Madaya 14.40 74.87

10 Mon

Mawlamyaing 168.23 14.35

2 Chaungsone 8.64 55.77

11 Rakhine

Sinwe 73.88 30.09

2 Gwa 13.13 59.44

12 Yangon

Lanmadaw 21.55

2 Kyeemyindaing 54.69

3 Yankin 39.68

4 lnsein 76.56

5 Dagon Myothit ( South ) 54.66

6 Dawpone 44.14

7 Thanlyin 54.57 63.91

8 Taikkyi 31.88 69.27

13 Shan

Taunggyi 118.10 68.67

2 Lashio 80.98 39.54

3 Pindaya 16.04 53.33

14 Ayeyarwady

Pa the in 123.78 64.90

2 Hinthada 76.56 136.76

3 Myaungmya 20.97 98.04

4 Dedaye 14.05 71.19

App'end1:

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR

1VIINISTRY OF NATIONAL PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEN'

CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANIZATION

~

HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVE'.-'

(NOVEMBER 1997)

1

This survey 1s conducted under the Central Stat1st1caI A.uthonty .Act 34.1952 ll1e 1nfon11at1on

j_

State/01v1s1on

2 D1srnct

J Township

.:! Grban/Rural

5 Name of Household Head

6 Address

7 Sample Sena! Number

obtained from the survey will be used only for statisllcal purpose

Urban Rural 2

I I D

8 Total Household Member Male Fem al el .... _...____. Total I I q Status of Enumeration First Visit Second Visit 2 Third Visit 3 D

E11u111cr<itor's Signature Supervisor's S1gn<iture Inspector's Signature

Name Name Name

Date Date. Date

Remark Remark Remark

Appendix 3.

Members of HIES Steering Committee and Working Committee

1. Steering Committee

I. Dr. Sein Tin

2. U Aung Myint Thein

3. U Soung Tin

4. U Myint Thein

5 U Thein Tun

6 U Kyi Aye

7 U Mya Aung

8. U Khin Maung Myint

9. Daw Khin Khin Nyunt

10. U Ngwe Thein

7 Working Committee

I. Daw Khin Khin Nyunt

2. U Thein Tun

3 U Kyi Aye

4. Daw Malar Tin

5. Daw Khin Thant Zin

6. Daw Yi Yi Swe

7. U Mya Thwin

8. U Nyunt Shein

9. U Aung Myint Than

10. U Oo Tun Hlaing

11. Daw Cho Cho Myint

12. U Than Tun

13. U Ngwe Thein

14. U San Myint

Director General

Deputy Director General

Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Assistant Director

Director

Assistant Director

Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Staff Officer( Stat.)

Staff Officer(Admin)

Staff Officer(Stat.)





Assistant Director


Chairman

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Secretary

Joint Secretary

Chairman

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Secretary

Joint Secretary

Employed Persons

Employed persons include all those aged 15 and over who are working during the specified 7 days. Persons on leave are defined as employed.

Income by source

Main sources are employment income, entrepreneurial income. rental mcome. investment i·ncome, and transfer income.

Documents

1997 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY