Topic 2.3 - Eukaryotic Cells

2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

2.3.2 Annotate the diagram with the functions of each named structure. The ribosomes are the main site for protein synthesis. The proteins made by free ribosomes can

be used inside the cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with

ribosomes. The proteins made in these ribosomes are packaged in the rough ER (rER) and are usually sent outside of the cell.

A lysosome uses hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules. The Golgi apparatus receives many of the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and it

modifies them. Later these proteins are transported to other destinations in packages of membrane. A mitochondrion is the site of cellular respiration. The nucleus contains the DNA which controls and contains the genotype for the cell.

2.3.3 Identify structures in electron micrographs of liver cells.

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2.3.4 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cellsNaked DNA DNA associated with proteinsDNA in cytoplasm DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelopeNo mitochondria mitochondria70s ribosomes 80s ribosomesNo membrane-bound organelles Have internal membranes that compartmentalize

functionsSmaller cells (Size: 1 - 10 µm ) Larger cells (Size: 2 - 1000 µm )

2.3.5 State three differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells contain a cell wall while animal cells do not.

Plant cells have chloroplasts while animal cells do not.

Most animal cells do not contain large central vacuoles while most plant cells do.

2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular components. The plant cell wall contains maintains the cell shape, preventing excessive water uptake and holds

the whole plant up against the force of gravity. Animal cells secrete glycoproteins that form the extracellular matrix. This functions in support,

adhesion and movement.

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