4 mekanın üretimi

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    1/174

    !!"

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    2/174

    ##$%&'(%)*+,$'-.'*,/+%%(%)'*.$'('0-##(1,-/1,0/,2

    $%)$'0'0345,01$,/*%$/,$*1)6*+'**+12*+,2122'*12)1,2'((*+,$,7.1$,8,0*2'2'*+,212)%$*+,-,5$,,%)'2*,$%)/1,0/, $%)$(19$,(

    ,'-%)*+,,#'$*8,0*+1212*%/,$*1)6*+'*:,+'&,$,'-*+12*+,212'0-*+'*10%.$%#101%01*12).((6'-,7.'*,102/%#,'0-7.'(1*6'2'*+,212)%$*+,-,5$,,%)'2*,$%)/1,0/, 22%/$%)$9&,0$1)'$5;0

    .#,$&12%$

    22%/$%) $'6

    22%/$%) $9&,0$1) '$5;0 =$/+>

    2212*$%)$,(5'1* *,$2?,$5,$ ;(;@=%/>

    02*$,&1028'6 =>

    9(6'34-1( =>

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    3/174

    iii

    +,$,?6-,/('$,*+'*'((10)%$8'*1%010*+12-%/.8,0*+'2?,,0%?*'10,-'0-

    #$,2,0*,- 10 '//%$-'0/, :1*+ '/,-,81/ $.(,2 '0- ,*+1/'( /%0-./* '(2%

    -,/('$,*+'*'2$,7.1$,-?6*+,2,$.(,2'0-/%0-./*+'&,).((6/1*,-'0-

    $,),$,0/,-'((8'*,$1'('0-$,2.(*2*+'*'$,0%*%$1510'(*%*+12:%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    4/174

    iv

    (*'6,014

    2,#'$*8,0*%)$?'0,2150

    .#,$&12%$22%/$%)$9&,0$1)'$5;0

    ,#*,8?,$!!"ABC#'5,2

    +122*.-6#$,/%0/,1&,22#'/,'2'2%/1'(#+,0%8,0%0'0-,8#+'214,2*+,)'/**+'*

    *+,.$?'02#'/,/'00%*?,2,#'$'*,-)$%81*210+'?1*'0*2//%$-105(61*2.55,2*2*+'*

    *+,10&,2*15'*1%0%)?%*+*+,/1*6'0-1*210+'?1*'0*212/$./1'(:1*+$,2#,/**%,&,$6-'6(1), '0- #$'/*1/, ,0/, *+, 2*.-6 7.,2*1%02 +%: 10+'?1*'0*2 /$,'*, *+,1$ 2#'/,2

    )%((%:105*+,1$0,,-2'0--,8'0-2'0-+%:*+,.$?'02#'/,12$,-,)10,-'0-$,

    #$%-./,- *+$%.5+ '##$%#$1'*1%0 %$,%&,$ *+, 2*.-6 '182 *% .0-,$2*'0- +%: *+,

    10+'?1*'0*2,D#$,22*+,82,(&,2'0-+%:*+,6$,212**+$%.5+*+,2#'/,2*+,6#$%-./,

    10*+,1$-'1(6#$'/*1/,2

    E1*+*+12'18*+,*+,21210&,2*15'*,2'2#'*1'('/*1&1*6#,$)%$8,-?66%.05#,%#(,10

    0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    5/174

    v

    0 /%0/(.21%0 *+12 2*.-6 '22,$*2 '0 '##$%'/+ *%:'$-2 *+, /1*6 '0- ,D#('102 *+'*

    *+$%.5+ (%%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    6/174

    vi

    3

    H

    3I

    (*'6,014

    12'02 ,0*2,('2'$;8J(989

    ,4J0,*1/121%@$9&,0$1)'$5;0

    6(9(!!"ABC2'6)'

    ,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    7/174

    vii

    898

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    8/174

    viii

    %86)'81(6

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    9/174

    ix

    E

    :%.(-(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    10/174

    x

    111

    1&

    3&1

    &111

    E 1D

    D

    D111

    D1&

    A A

    P

    A +,,'*+%)+,.?(1/1),Q

    +,%/1'(#'/,R,0$1,),?&$,G2$1'-0#'*1'(1*6A

    S +1$-2#'/, AP

    " +,*$'05,(6'81(1'$$%O,/*2AQ

    S

    S

    SA +,'2,)101?'$0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    11/174

    xi

    SAA 101?'$2#'/,$,'*,-6+,1*60+'?1*'0*2B

    SA ,2,'$/+0F,,)10,-G#'/,2C

    SAS 0&,2*15'*105101?'$+$%.5+0,#*+0*,$&1,:105S

    SASA 0,#*+0*,$&1,:105S

    SAS +,0*,$&1,:.$#%2,SS

    SASS +,0*,$&1,:SB

    SAS" +,0*,$&1,:'8#(,SP

    SASB +,0*,$&1,:105$%/,22SQ

    SAST +,'$*1/1#'0*$%)1(,SC

    SASP $%.0-,-+,%$60'(6212%$101?'$&'(.'*1%0%)+,

    0*,$&1,:10-1052"

    " "B

    "A ,2/$1?105101?'$ "B

    "AA +,%/'*1%0"B

    "AAA +,,&,(%#8,0*)'&'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    12/174

    xii

    "S 1&'($6,('*1%028%051)),$,0*0+'?1*'0*$%.#2PQ

    "" 1--,0D#$,221%02,6%0-+,,,)10,-#'/,2C"

    ""A '$*1/1#'0*$%.#0-+,D#$,221%0)-,0*1*1,2C"

    ""AA %.*+*.-1,2CB

    ""A %.*+.(*.$,20--,0*1*1,2)*,$+,ACQ!2CC

    ""AS D#$,221%0)-,0*1*1,20101?'$A!B

    "" ,212*'0/,20+,$,-0,,)10,-#'/,2A!Q

    ""S %0/(.21%0 AAB

    "B %0/(.21%02%$+,'2,*.-6 AAQ

    B AS

    ASA

    E ASQ

    A EA"T

    A"C

    S AB!

    " EAB"

    B EUABP

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    13/174

    xiii

    SA0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    14/174

    xiv

    SA101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>"

    "A101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>BT

    "101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>BC

    "S101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>T"

    ""101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>TB

    "B101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>TQ

    "T101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>TC

    "P101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>PA

    "Q101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>P

    "C101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>PS

    "A!101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>Q"

    "AA101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>Q"

    "A101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>QB

    "AS101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>QB

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    15/174

    xv

    A0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    16/174

    1

    A

    +12 12 +%: 2#'/, ?,5102 :1*+ :%$-2 %0(6 21502 *$'/,- %0 *+, ?('00'/*%)#$%-./105 ' .2, %) /$,'*1&1*6 +1-,2 10 *+, :'6 #$%-./*2 '$, .2,- 10 :+'* *+,

    /%02.8,$-%,2R8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    17/174

    2

    #('00105-,2150'0-/%02*$./*1%0'$,*+,)1$2*2*,#2%)*+12#$%-./*1%0N*+,0*+,.2,

    ,D#,$1,0/,'0-'##$%#$1'*1%0'$,*+,)%((%:1052*,#2%)1*

    ?(,'0-$,'-6*%/$,'*,'/%8#%21*1%0%)#('/,2%)).(('0- ,8#*6'$,'2 *+'*'((%:%$)%$?1-#'22'5,/1*6#('00,$2'$,10/'#'?(,%)18#%2105*+,$'*1%0'(1*6 %) $,10)%$/,- /%0/$,*,%0 8.(*1#(, '0- )(.1- /.(*.$'(262*,82

    *+'*%$5'014,*+,(1&1052#'/,%)100,$'$,'2='#'$*8,0*22*'1$:'62'0-*+, (1 %$ #.?(1/ -%8'102 =2*$,,*2 27.'$,2 ,*/> '0- *+'* 100,$&'*,*+,8:1*+'010)101*,0.8?,$%)1*10,'$'$1,2+,6/%0/%/*'0-8'#%.*'0,8#*6 /1*6 '0- (,'&105 1* :+,0 *+, 10+'?1*'0*2 /%8, '2 1) *+,6 '$,2'&'5,2:+%:1((:1*+%.**+,1$/%02,0**.$0*%#26*.$&6*+,-,21502*+,6+'-8'-,=-,,$*,'.ACCPASS>

    E1*+10*+12#$,(1810'$6)$'8,*+,2,/%0-/+'#*,$51&,210'0+12*%$1/'(#$%2#,/**+,

    *+,%$1,2 *+'* +'&, '22,$*,- *+, .0-,$2*'0-105 %) 2#'/, '2 ' 2%/1'( /%0*$./* '0-

    #$%-./*)%$8.('*1051* '2 2%/1'(2#'/,'0- :+1/+ 2*$,22 18#%$*'0/, %0*+, (1&,-

    2#'/,2*+,2#'/,2)%$8,-?6*+,10+'?1*'0*10*+,1$-'1(6,D#,$1,0/,2

    +12*+,%$,*1/'('//%.0*10*$%-./,2'0'##$%'/+'-'#*,-10*+,2*.-6*%:'$-2*+,

    /1*6 2#'/, +12 '##$%'/+#('/,2*+, 10+'?1*'0* '**+, )%/.2 %).$?'0 2#'/,'0-1*

    2.55,2*2*%.0-,$2*'0-*+,/1*6'0-*+,10+'?1*'0*)$%8*+12#%21*1%0+12'##$%'/+

    '22,$*2 *+'* *+, 10+'?1*'0* +'2 *+, /'#'/1*6 *% 10*,$#$,* *+, .$?'0 2#'/, '0- *%

    10*,$*:10,R10*,$'/*:1*+1*10:'62-1)),$,0**+'0*+,#$,-,*,$810,-N'0-*+'**+,

    10+'?1*'0*+'&,'0'/*1&,$%(,10*+,#$%-./*1%0%).$?'02#'/,2

    +,.0-,$2*'0-105%) /$,'*1%02*'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    18/174

    3

    +, $,2,'$/+ 12 -,&,(%#,- '$%.0- *+12 #%10* 6 (%%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    19/174

    4

    2#'/,'0-,(./1-'*,*+,#$%?(,8'$,'*+,.0-,$2*'0-105%)*+,'##$%#$1'*1%0'0-$,

    -,)101*1%0%)2#'/,2'0-*+,,D#(%$'*1%0%)'.2,$5$%.#'0-*+,1$+1--,0,D#$,221%02

    *+$%.5+*+,2#'/,#$%-./,-10*+,1$#$'/*1/,2

    2#,/1) 1/ 8,*+%-%(%56+'2 ?,,0-,&,(%#,- 10 *+12 $,2#,/* +'#*,$ *+$,, 10/ (.-,2 '

    -,*'1(,- ,D#('0'*1%0 %0 *+, 8,*+%-%(%56 2 *+, $,2,'$/+ 2*.-6 12 ,D#(%$'*%$6 100'*.$,'18105*% )10-%.* '?%.**+,$,-,)101*1%0%)2#'/,'0-*+,0'*.$,%)2#'/,2

    #$%-./,-10#$'/*1/,1*,('?%$'*,2*+,/'2,108'06'2#,/*21$2*?6#$%&1-105'/(,'$

    '0--,*'1(,-.0-,$2*'0-105'0--,2/$1#*1%0%0*+,/'2,*+,0?67.,2*1%0105*+,/'2,

    *% $,&,'( +1--,0 #$%/,22,2 '?%.* *+, $,-,)10,- 2#'/,2 '0- +1--,0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    20/174

    5

    -,)10,-?6*+,#$'/*1/,%)F101?'$G'$,0%*#,$8'0,0*+,2,2#'/,28%&,/+'05,

    )%$8 ,D#'0- %$ -12#,$2, :1*+ *+, 101?'$ /$%:- +,0/, *+,6 '$, 8%?1(, '0-

    18#,$8'0,0*2#'/,2E+,06%.05#,%#(,5'*+,$%0*+,2*$,,*2'0-2*'$**%-$10:+1/+8' .(*.$'( *.-1,2G 12 51&,0 )%$ *+, 2,'$/+ %) 1-,0*1*6 ,D#$,221%02:1*+10

    101?'$+,0$,/,0*-12/.221%02%0F-,0*1*6%(1*1/2G'$,51&,0)%$#%21*1%01051-,0*1*6

    ,D#$,221%02:1*+10*+,/%0*,8#%$'$6/.(*.$'(/%0*,D*'0-)%$7.,2*1%0105*+,#%221?(1*6

    %) 1-,0*1*6?'2,- ,D#$,221%02 '0- $,212*'0/,2:1*+10 101?'$ %:,&,$ *+,/'2, %)

    101?'$ $,&,'(,- *+, ,D#$,221%02 '0- $,212*'0/,2 :+1/+ #$18'$1 (6 ( 1, :1*+10 *+,

    #$'/*1/,1*2,()'0-0%*:1*+10*+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#

    1$2*%)'((*+,'/*%)$,-,)101052#'/,$,212*2*%*+,,2*'?(12+,-2#'/,?6#$'/*1/105

    '0'(*,$0'*1&,.2,%01*%$,%&,$*+,10*$%-./,-F.2,G/%8#$12,$,212*'0*#%21*1%02

    ?,+10- *+, 8%*1&,2 101*1'*105 *+, #$'/*1/, '0- ?,+10- *+, $,'2%02 *+12 #$'/*1/, 12

    2%.5+* '0- #$,),$,- +,2, $,212*'0/,2 $,('*, *% *+, ,/%0%81/ /%0-1*1%02 %) *+,

    #'$*1/1#'0* 5$%.# '0- *% *+,1$ (,12.$, '0- 015+*(1), #$,),$,0/,2 '0- /+'((('05, *+,

    '//.2*%8,-#$'/*1/,2+,,D#(%$'*1%0%)*+,2,$,212*'0*'**1*.-,210-1/'*,2*+,$,)%$,'

    2,'$/+)%$1-,'(12,-#$'/*1/,2%$/%0-1*1%02:1*+10*+,#$'/*1/,'0-*+,$,-,)10,-

    2#'/,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    21/174

    6

    0-105*+, 10&,2*15'*1%0 %0101?'$*+, 2*.-6'182*% -,&,(%#'0.0-,$2*'0-105%0

    .$?'02#'/,2$,-,)10,-10*+,-'1(6#$'/*1/,2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*//%$-105(61*12*+,

    10+'?1*'0*2:+%10*+,1$#$'/*1/,22+'#,*+,F$,-,)10,-G2#'/,2:+%102/$1?,*+,1$

    8,'01052 ,D#$,221%02 '0- $,212*'0/,2 *% *+, .$?'0 2#'/, '0- /%0&,$* 1* 10*% '

    8,-1.8%) ,D#$,221%0(*+%.5+*+,2,2#'/,2'$,0%*8'*,$1'('0-#,$8'0,0**+,6

    +'&,*+,1$2#'*1'(#'$*1/.('$1*1,210%$-,$*%/%0*10.,10*18,+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#*%%

    2*$.55(,'0--,&,(%#F*'/*1/2G 10%$-,$*%8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    22/174

    7

    +,2,'$/+)%$?,**,$,0&1$%08,0*2+'2?,,0%//.#6105'$/+1*,/*2'0-*%:0#('00,$2

    )%$/,0*.$1,2,**,$#('/,2'$,2%.5+**%?,#$%-./,-10':1-,$'05,%):'62N)$%8

    *+, -,&,(%#8,0* %) .*%#1'2 2,,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    23/174

    8

    (1),'**+,+,'$*%)*+,2#'*1'(#$%?(,8'*1/0'8,(6*+,-12/.221%0%)-:'$-%O'%0

    F+1$-#'/,G'0-*+,18#%$*'0*:%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    24/174

    9

    '$'((,( *% *+, 5$%:*+ %) /'#1*'(128 '0- *+, $12, %) 8%-,$012* ( 1),2*6(,2 *+12 2+1)*

    *%:'$-2'0F10*18'*,2%/1,*6G/'.2,-'(%22%)8,'010510*+,.$?'02#'/,,2#,/1'((6

    *+,2#'/,%)*+,2*$,,*:+1/+/'0?,/%021-,$,-'2*+,(%/.2%)#.?(1/(1),'0-%)2%/1'(

    10*,$'/*1%02+,0%*1%0%)2*$,,**.$0,-10*%'8,$,#'22'5,:+,$,10+'?1*'0*2'&%1-

    *+,/%0*'/*'0-10*,$'/*1%0:1*+,'/+%*+,$,00,**,D#('102:+'**+,#.?(1/(1),+'2

    ?,/%8,*%-'6.0-,$*+,10/$,'210510-1&1-.'(128'2)%((%:2

    %-'6#.?(1/(1),+'2'(2%?,/%8,'8'**,$%))%$8'(%?(15'*1%0'00,$2'0-$1*.'(10*,$/+'05,2:1*+2*$'05,$2'$,(%%

    +,-,&,(%#8,0*%)'0 F10*18'*,2%/1,*6G*+'*2*'$*2:1*+*+,10-.2*$1'(/'#1*'(128'2

    ,00,**#.*2:'2).$*+,$2.##%$*,-?6*+,$12,%)F8'22#$%-./*1%0G'0-F*+,:,()'$,

    2*'*,#%(1/1,2G')*,$*+,ACS!2+, $12,%) '.*%8%?1(,10-.2*$1,2-%810'*,-*+12,$'

    +,8'22#$%-./*1%08,*+%-2:,$,5(%$1)1,-:1*+*+,#$%-./*1%0%)F%$-G'.*%8%?1(,2

    10'0-).$*+,$8%$,+'-'010/$,'2105,)),/*%0*+,'--1/*1%0%)#,%#(,*%/'$2

    '2*+,*6#,%)F#,$2%0'(G*$'02#%$*'*1%0=.((105:%$*+ACCP12+8'0ACC!>

    +,:,()'$,2*'*,#%(1/1,21001*,-*'*,2:,$,8'10(6'18105*%%$1,0*':1-,#'$*%)

    *+,#%#.('*1%0R,2#,/1'((6*+,81--(,/('22R*% *+,/%02.8#*1%0%)8'22#$%-./,-

    5%%-2+,'18,-8'22/%02.8#*1%0:'2#$%8%*,-:1*+*+,18'5,%)'01-,'(#,$),/*

    (1),Z+,8,$1/'0-$,'8/%0212*105%)*+,1-,'%)'F8%-,2*-:,((105%)%.$%:0G

    12%('*,-)$%8*+,#$%?(,82%)%*+,$#,%#(,N+'2?,,0*+,$,1501058,*'#+%$%)*+,

    F5%%-(1 ),G)%$'(%05 *18,Z=.02* (,$ACCT SS>

    +,$12,%)'.*%8%?1(,10-.2*$1,2*+,/%02*$./*1%0%)+15+:'62+'-'(2%'//,(,$'*,-

    *+,8%&,%) #$1&'*,+%.2105 /%02*$./*1%02*%:'$-2*+,.$?'0)$105,2=.((105:%$*+

    ACCP> +12 *$,0- /'((,- '2 F.?.$?'014'*1%0G #.2+,- *+, 8,$1/'0 /1*1,2 10*% '0

    ,0-(,22F.$?'02#$':(G6,*/$,'*,- '0.$?'01*6*+'*('/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    25/174

    10

    2+%##,- )%$ *:% 5,0,$'*1%02 +'* +'2 (,- *% *+, $12, %) -5, 1*6='$$,'.ACCA">

    +,/'$-,#,0-,0*(1),2*6(,'0-*+,.$?'02#$':(2*'$*105)$%8*+,ACS!2*1((*%-'6

    #.2+,-8'06/1*6/,0*$,210'0-10%*+,$-,&,(%#,-/%.0*$1,210*%-,/'-,0/,

    +,8%&,*%2.?.$?2*%*+,)$105,2*%*+,F,-5,G)'/1(1*'*,-*+,)'((%)F2*$,,*(1),G10

    *+,/1*6/,0*,$ RF-%:0*%:0G+,*,/+0%(%56%)8%-,$08%*1%0$,#('/,2?,105%0

    *+,2*$,,*:1*+' -,21$,*%,$'2,*+,/%02*$'10*2%)5,%5$'#+6=,00,**ACCA">

    /+0,1-,$ 51&,2 *+, )%( (%:105 ,D#('0'*1%0 '?%.* *+, $,('*1%0 %) *+, 10/$,'2105

    10-1&1-.'(128:1*+*+,,8,$5105(1),2*6(,2

    ,%#(,:'0*' 2,/.$,'0- /%0*$%((,-,0&1$%08,0*.?.$?'0/%88.*,$22+%:'-,*,$810,-#$,),$,0/,)%$#$1&'*,%&,$*+,#.?(1/*$'02#%$*'*1%0.*%8%?1(,28'60%*?,,)) 1/1,0*?.* *+,651&,#,%#(,' 2,02,%)2,/.$1*6'0-/%0*$%(E1*+'/'$6%./'05%'06:+,$,6%.:'0*10*+,/%8)%$*%)6%.$%:0#$1&'*,2#'/,=/+0,1-,$ACC>

    +, 10/$,'2105 '--1/*1%0 *% '.*%8%?1(, '//,(,$'*,- *+, 10:'$- *.$0 %) #,%#(,

    #,$2%0'(/'$'#,$2%0'(+%.2,'0-('*,$:1*+*+,-,&,(%#105*,/+0%(%56'#,$2%0'(

    /%8#.*,$+'&,8101814,-*+,10*,$'/*1%0%)*+,10+'?1*'0*2:1*+*+,/1*6'0-?,*:,,0

    *+,82,(&,2 +12 12'0%*+,$$,'2%0 #.* )%$:'$- ?6,00,**)%$ *+, -,'*+%) #.?(1/

    2#'/,'0-*+,$,('*,--,'*+%)2*$,,*(1),R*+,-$':?'/.5X'22,$*2*+,/$,'*1%0%)F0%0#('/,2G*+$%.5+*+,0,:

    (,'$(6*+,:%$-F0%0#('/,G-,2150'*,2*:%/%8#(,8,0*'$6?.*-12*10/*$,'(1*1,2 2#'/,2 )%$8,- 10 $,('*1%0 *% /,$*'10 ,0-2 =*$'02#%$* *$'021*/%88,$/, (,12.$,> '0- *+, $,('*1%02 *+'* 10-1&1-.'(2 +'&, :1*+ *+,2,2#'/,2=.5XACCTC">

    +, '$5.8,0* #.* )%$:'$- ?6 .5X 18#(1/'*,2 *+'* 8%-,$01*6 '0- *+,0 2.#,$

    8%-,$01*6#$%&1-,2 '0 '?2*$'/* .0-,$2*'0-105 %) 2#'/, 8%$,#$,/12,(6 #('/,2 *+'*

    +'&, (%2* *+,1$ 2#'*1'(1*6 181('$(6 Y'/%?2 +'2 '(2%8,0*1%0,- *+, %//.$$,0/, %) '

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    26/174

    11

    0%0#('/,:1*+*+,10/$,'2,%)8%?1(14'*1%0//%$-105(6:1*+*+,/+'05105-,)101*1%0

    '0-(181*%)8%?1(14'*1%0*+,/1*6/+'$'/*,$12?(.$$,-.0*1(,&,$6#('/,?,/%8,28%$,

    (1

    .5X ,D#(' 102 F0%0#('/, G '2 *+,-1$,/* %##%21 *, %)# ('/, +,/%0/,#*%) F#('/, G.2,-

    +,$, +, ,D#('102 12 '0 '0*+$%#%(%51/'( %0, 0 *+, )%$8.('*1%02 %) .5X *+,-12*10/*1%0?,*:,,0#('/,'0-0%0#('/, -,$1&,2)$%8*+, %##%21*1%0 ?,*:,,02#'/,

    '0-#('/,%$*+,.0-,$2*'0-105%)*+,2,/%0/,#*2+,$,),$2*%1/+,(-,,$*,'.

    =ACQ">*+,:%$10*%' 2#'/,=.5XACCTPQC>

    +, /%0/,#* %) #('/, .2,- ?6 .5X 12+%:,&,$ -1)),$,0* *+'0 *+'* $,),$$,- ?6 -,

    ,$*,'. .5X ,D#('102 *+'* *+, /%0/,#* %) #('/, %##%2,- *% *+'* %) 2#'/, ?6 -,

    ,$*,'. 12%0, '2 '0'22,8?(6 %),(,8,0*2 /%,D12*10510 ' /,$*'10%$-,$6,*+,

    +182,()$,),$2*%'0F'0*+$%#%(%51/'(#('/,G:+1/+10/(.-,2*+,#%221?1(1*6%)8' ,2#,/*1&,(6 F0%0#('/,G %##%2, *% ' #('/, :+1/+ '22.$,2*+,

    #%221?1(1*6%)F8' *% *+, ('/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    27/174

    12

    %0*+,2*$,,*2+,-12/%&,$2*+,('/

    %((%:1052*.-1,2%02#'/,'0-5,%5$'#+6+'&,).$*+,$8%$,'22,$*,-*+'**+,2%/1'(12

    2#'*1'((6/%02*$./*,-*%%+,$,)%$,1*/'0?,2,,0*+'*2#'/,'0-2%/1,*6*+,/1*6'0-

    *+,10+'?1*'0*/'00%*?,'0-2+%.(-0%*?,2,#'$'*,-E%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    28/174

    13

    RG

    ,0$1,),?&$,10*$%-./,2+12:%$1$2*12*+,#+621/'()1,(-*+,0'*.$,*+,

    /%28%2N2,/%0- 12*+,8,0*'()1,(- (%51/'('0- )%$8'('?2*$'/*1%02'0- *+1$-12*+,

    2%/1'()1,(-=,),?&$,ACCAAA>

    =%/1'(> 2#'/, 12 ' =2%/1'(> #$%-./* 12 *+,#$%#%2 1*1%0 )$%8:+1/+ +12 1-,'2 -,&,(%#

    +$%.5+ *+12 '$5.8,0* ,),?&$, 5%,2 %0, 2*,# ?,6%0- *+, '//,#*,- 0%*1%02 %)

    2#'*1'(1*6:+1/+:,$,(,-?6$,-./*1%0128.0-,$*+,10)(.,0/,%):+'*+,/'((2*+,

    F-%.?(,1( (.21%0G =%O' ACCTT>+,0%* 1%0%)F2%/1'(2#'/,G10*$%-./,2'-12*10/* 1&,(6

    -1)),$,0*:'6%)*+10

    +,1-,'%)=2%/1'(>2#'/,)%$8.('*,-?6,),?&$,12'/%8#(,D%0,*'//,#*2*+,

    2%/1'(#$'/*1/,2'0-$,('*1%02'2#'$*%)1*2/$,'*1%0'0-#$%-./*1%0N+,0/,1*2,D12*,0/,

    12 ?%*+ 2%/1'((6 /%02*$./*,- 10 *+, ,D#,$1,0/, %) *+, F2.?O,/*G '2:,(( '28'*,$1'((6

    /%02*$./*,- ?6 *+, #$'/*1/, %) *+, F2#,/1'(12*2G ,0/,)%$*+ *+, 2%/1'( 2#'/, 12 0%*

    218#(6'8'*,$1'(/%02*$./*1%0'0-1*-%,20%*218#(6/%0*'10F*+1052GN1*'(2%/%0*'102

    $,('*1%02:1*+*+,2,*+1052'0-?,*:,,0*+,2,*+1052'0-$,/1#$%/'((6*+,2,2%/1'(

    $,('*1%02/%02*$./*1*'2:,((

    %/1'(2#'/,/%0*'102'5$,'*-1&,$21*6%)%?O,/*2?%*+0'*.$'('0-2%/1'(10/(.-105 *+, 0,*:%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    29/174

    14

    +,1((.21%0%)*$'02#'$,0/6$,-./,22#'/,*%'8,0*'(2#'/,=,814!!A">#'/,

    *+$%.5+*+,1((.21%0%)*$'02#'$,0/6'##,'$2'210*,((151?(,((7.'(1*1,2%)2#'/,'$,

    '//,#*,-'2*+%.5+*?68,'02%)' -,2150,21502,$&,2'2'8,-1'*%$W?,*:,,0

    8,0*'('/*1&1*6=10&,0*1%0>'0-2%/1'('/*1&1*6=$,'(14'*1%0>N'0-1*12-,#(%6,-102#'/,

    =,),?&$,ACCAQ>-:'$-E%O''--2*+'**+12//%$-105(62#'/,/%8#$12,2*+$,,10*,$$,('*1%0'(

    2,#'$'*,?.*/%00,/*,-8%8,0*2#'*1'(#$'/*1/,2,#$,2,0*'*1%02%)2#'/,'0-*+,

    #'/,2%),#$,2,0*'*1%0R,#$,2,0*'*1%0'(2#'/,2

    #'*1'($'/*1/,N12*+,2#'/,:1*+10*+,8'*,$1'('0-,/%0%81/$,'(1*6*,0/%8#'22,2

    *+, -'1(6 $,'(1*6 %) /1*6 =*+, -'1(6 $%.*10,> '0- *+, .$?'0 $,'(1*6 #'*1'( #$'/*1/,

    #$%-./,2*+,8'*,$1'()%$8%)2#'*1'(1*6*12*+,2#'/,'21*12#,$/,1&,-*12*+,

    *$'-1*1%0'()%/.2%)'**,0*1%0102#'*1'(-12/1#(10,2=,),?&$,ACCASSQN%O'ACCT

    TTP>

    ,#$,2,0*'*1%02 %) 2#'/, '$, *+, /%0/,#*.'(12,- 2#'/, * 12 *+, 2#'/, %) *+,

    2#,/1'(12*2R*+,2/1,0*12*2*+,#('00,$2.$?'012*2*,/+0%/$'*2'0-2%/1'(,0510,,$2R

    %)'((:+%1-,0*1)1,2:+'*12(1&,-'0-#,$/,1&,-:1*+:+'**+,6/%0/,1&,*12*+,

    2#'/, -,)10,- '0- '?2* $'/*,- ?6 *+,8 * 12 *+, 2#'/, %) *+, #$%),221%0' (2

    ,#$,2,0*'*1%02 %) 2#'/, 10/(.-, *+, 2#,/1'( 14,-

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    30/174

    15

    10'((6'0-8%2*18#%$*'0*(6 #'/,2%),#$,2,0*'*1%012*+,2#'/,'2-1$,/*(6(1&,-

    *+$%.5+ 1*2 '22%/1'*,- 18'5,2 '0- 268?%(2 * 12 *+, 2#'/, %) F 10+'?1*'0*2G '0-

    F.2,$2 G =,),?&$, ACCA SC>* 12 *+,-%810'*,-+,0/, #'221&,(6 ,D#,$1,0/,-2#'/,

    :+1/+*+,18'510'*1%02,,*1210*+12

    2#'/,*+'**+,6-,&,(%#51&,,D#$,221%0*%*+,82,(&,2'0-,0/%.0*,$#$%+1?1*1%02N

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    31/174

    16

    *+,0*+,6#,$12+'0-*+'*2'8,2#'/,/%0*'102*+,1$5$'&,2=,),?&$,ACCASS>

    %$,%&,$ -., *% *+12 $,('*1%0 R /%00,/*1%0 ?,*:,,0 *+, =.$?'0> 2#'/, '0- *+,

    10+'?1*'0*'2,),?&$,,8#+'214,2%/1'(2#'/,:%$+12'$5.8,0*/%02*1*.*,2*+,+,'$*%)*+122*.-6

    +12:'6%)*+10

    1/+,(-,,$*,'.10+12:%$ #$'/* 1/,2 R *+,

    ,D#,$1,0/,%) *+,.2,$:1*+*+,#$%&1-,-#$%-./*2 10/(.-,'/$,'*1&,'0-#$%-./*1&,

    #$%/,22'2:,((+,$,)%$,2181('$*%:+'*,),?&$,8,0*1%02)%$*+,.$?'02#'/,

    *+,$,-%,20%*,D12*'%0,21-,-#$%&121%0=#$%-./*1%0>'0-.2,=/%02.8#*1%0>$,('*1%0

    10 *+, '/* %) F.2105G '*+,$ *+, #$%-./*1%0 /%0*10.,2 10 *+, .2, %) *+, #$%&1-,-

    %?O,/* +1--,0 10 *+, :'6 1* 12 ?,105 .2,-N O.2* '2 10 ,),?&$,G2 )%$8.('*1%0 *+,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    32/174

    17

    =.$?'0> 2#'/, 12 '(2% #$%-./,- 10 *+, 2#'* 1' ( ,D#,$ 1,0/, '0- #$'/* 1/, %) *+,

    10+'?1*'0*210*+,:'6*+,6'$,.2,-

    S

    0*+,2%/1'(2#'/,*+,(1&,-2#'/,12*+,F$,'(G2#'/,%)*+,/1*610+'?1*'0**12*+,

    2#'/,'2(1&,-'0-'##$%#$1'*,-?6*+,8+'*12:+61*1210*+128%8,0*%)2#'*1'(1*6

    *+'*-1)),$,0/,2$,212*'0/,22*$.55(,22.?&,$21%02/$1*1/1282/'0?,)%.0-+,:%$ 12 0,/,22'$6 *%?,8,0*1%0,- +,$,%O'G 2*+%.5+*2 %0

    2#'/,-,#,0-%0*+,*+,%$1,2%),0$1,),?&$,,-12/.22,2*+,F(1&,-2#'/,G*+$%.5+

    *+, /%0/,#*.'( 14'* 1%0 %) +1$-2#'/, ' /%0/,#* +, -,&,(%#2 +, /%0/,#* %)

    +1$-2#'/,-,#,0-105%0*+,2#'*1'(*+,%$6%),),?&$,,8#+'214,2*+,F*+1$-105'2

    %*+,$105G ,8?,--,- 10 *+, 2#'/, %) $,#$,2,0*'*1%02 %O'#%10*2 %.* *+'**+, (1&,-

    2#'/,12*+,2#'/,%)%*+,$2%)*+%2,:+%'$,-1)),$,0*'0-8'$510'(%O'-,)10,2

    +1$-2#'/,'2)%((%:2

    %O'/%0*10.,2+12-12/.221%0:1*+*+,-12/%&,$6%)*+,+1$-2#'/,'2*+,F2#'/,2*+'*

    -1)),$,0/, 8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    33/174

    18

    +,0,:.$?'02/,0,2*'$*,-*% +%2*2*$.55(,2%&,$*+,$15+**%?, -1)),$,0*=%O'

    ACCTQST>

    %O'-12/.22,2*+,2#'/,2%)-1)),$,0/,210'#%(1*1/'(/%0*,D*'0-+,,D'810,2*+,

    )%$8'*1%0 %) F/%88.01*1,2 %) $,212*'0/,G '0- *+, /$,'*1%0 %) /%.0*,$+,5,8%01/

    /.(*.$'(#$'/*1/,2:1*+10*+,/1*610*+12/%0*,D*+,0,:/.(*.$'(#%(1*1/210/(.-,'2,D#('10,- ?6 %O' *+, 10*,$2,/*1%0 %) 2#'/,[#%:,$[2#'/,(1

    0*+,:%$ , 10&,2*15'*,2 *+, $'-1/'( -1)),$,0/,2 $,150105 %&,$ *+, .$?'0

    2%/1,*6 *+, 8'$510'( #$'/*1/, %) *+, %##$,22,- 10+'?1*'0* 5$%.#2 *+,1$ )15+* '0-

    $,212*'0/,N6,**+,-1)),$,0/,2*%?,,D#(%$,-10*+,.$?'02#'/,'0-*+,8'$510'(

    #$'/*1/,2%) 10+'?1*'0* 5$%.#2*+'*#$%-./,'0--,)10,*+,2,2#'/,28'6'2:,((?,

    21*.'*,-10' (,22#%(1*1/'(/%0*,D*N*+,$,212*'0/,2*%?,%?2,$&,-10*+,(1&,-2#'/,

    8'6 '2 :,(( ?, 218#(6 7.%*1-1'0 '0- (,22 $'-1/'( +,2, )%$82 %) -'1(6 #$'/*1/,2

    %#,$'*1%02'0-$,212*'0/,2'0-*+,2#'/,2*+,6#$%-./,$,&,'(*+,-1)),$,0*1-,0*1*1,2

    '0-#%21*1%02:1*+10*+,2%/1,*6*%%N?.**+%2,%)'(,22#%(1*1/'(%$,&,0F'#%(1*1/'(G

    0'*.$,

    " Y

    0*+,ACC!2'5$%.#%)#$%),221%0'(2'0- *+,%$,*1/1'025'*+,$,-'$%.0-*+,2'8,

    -12/%.$2, /$,'*,- *+, *$'05,(6 '81(1'$ #$%O,/* +,1$ .0-,$2*'0-105 %) 2#'/,

    -,#,0-2 %0 *+, 2#'*1'( *+,%$ 1,2 %) ,0$1 ,),?&$, -:'$- E %O' +'2 '(2%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    34/174

    19

    /%0*$1?.*,-*%*+,#$%O,/*2%)*+,5$%.#2+'$105*+,2'8,'##$%'/+:1*+*+,8+,1$

    2*'$*105 #%10* :'2 *% ) 10- 0,: :'62 %) *+10

    0, %) *+, )%((%:105 :%$ +12 -12/%.$2, 12 *%*'((6 $,(,&'0*)%$ *+, .$?'0

    #('00,$'0--,2150,$'0-*+,/1*6-:,((,$*%%

    $/+1 *,/ *.$, '0- /1* 1,2 '$, )'$ 8%$, *+'0 '$/+1 *,/*2 '0- #('00,$2 %)*,0/%021-,$*+,8*%?,G=%$-,0,$$1&'$%,0-,((N +,0

    0//.#6105$/+1*,/*.$,Y'0,,0-,(()%$8.('*,2*+,#$%/,22%)*+,F=$,>#$%-./*1%0G

    %)*+,2#'/,?6*+,.2,$:1*+*+,,D#$,221%02-%1051*=.0>-%1051*=%&,$>-%1051*

    6%.$2,()=,0-,((ACCQ>+,*,((2*+'*%0/,'$/+1*,/*28'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    35/174

    20

    ?.1(-105+'2?,,08'-,*+,0%0'$/+1*,/*2/%0*10.%.2(6-%'$/+1*,/*.$,=,0-,((ACCQS>

    ,0-,((+,$,,8#+'214,2:+'*,),?&$,+'2)1$2*)%$8.('*,-:1*+*+,F(1&,-2#'/,2G

    =,),?&$, ACCA> '0- :+'* -, ,$*,'. 10-1/'*,2 '2 *+, #$%-./*1%0 +1--,0 10 *+,

    #$%/,22%).2105=-,,$*,'.ACQ">:+1/+1210+,$*,$810%(%56*+,/'#'/1*6%)*+,

    .2,$*+,0%0'$/+1*,/**%F-%G,0-,((,D#('102+%:2#'/,2/%0*10.,*+,1$#$%-./*1%0

    10*+,.2,$G2#$'/*1/,')*,$*+,1$8'*,$1'(/%02*$./*1%0S

    E+,0:,'20%0'$/+1*,/*2%//.#6'2#'/,:+,0:,2*'$**%.2,1*:,2*'$* *%F-%1*%.$2,(&,2G.*:,-% *+1210 '0'($,'-6%//.#1,-*,$$1*%$6:+,$,*+,'/*1&1*6%)-%105'$/+1*,/*.$,+'2?,,0/('221)1,-'0-/('18,-+, $.(,2 +'&, '($,'-6 ?,,0 ,2*'?(12+,-N $.(,2 '?%.* 21*, '0- 2#'/,'?%.*#,$8'0,0/,2*$./*.$,'0-2*'?1(1*6'?%.**+,$,('*1%0%))%$8'0-).0/*1%0*+,-,2150%)-,*'1(2*+,102*'(('*1%0%)2,$&1/,2W%*+,$#,%#(,/'00%* -% '$/+1*,/*.$, *+,1$ '/*1&1*1,2 /'0 %0(6 ?, /'*,5%$14,- '2 =.0>-%105%$=%&,$>-%1051*=,0-,((ACCQS>

    ,0-,((10*,$#$,*2*+,#$%/,22%)'##$%#$1'*1%0:1*+10'0'$/+1*,/*.$'(-12/%.$2,0*+,

    ,D#('0'*1%02%),0-,((*+,F.0-%105G'0-F%&,$-%105G'/*2%)*+,.2,$/%02*1*.*,'0

    ,D#$,221%0%)-1)),$,0*1'(1*1,2+,.2,$*+$%.5++12[+,$.2,R:'6%).2105$,212**%

    *+,$.(,22,*?6*+,'$/+1*,/*'0-=$,>#$%-./,*+,#$%&1-,-2#'/,

    1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    36/174

    21

    10*,$'/*1%02 /%00,/*1%02 +,0 2,/%0-(6 *+,6 2.55,2* *+, $,/%021-,$'*1%0 %) *+,

    #%21* 1%0 '0- *+, /'#'/1*6 %) *+, 10+'?1*'0* 10 1*2 $,('*1%0 :1*+ *+, .$?'0 2#'/,

    ,'0105*+'*F*+,:'6210:+1/+:,0,5%*1'*,*+,-12*'0/,?,*:,,0*+,/1*6'0-2,()G

    2+%.(-8%&,)$%8 F)1(*,$2G *% F*'/*1/2G =%$-,0 ,$$ 1&'$% ,0-,((N+,02 *+,68,0*1%0'0.0-,$2*'0-105%)*+,/1*6*+$%.5+'2,$1,2%)

    F)1 (*,$2G '0- 1-,%(%51,2 '2 8,'02 %) *+10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    37/174

    22

    10*$%-./,-*+$%.5+*+,1$#$'/*1/,20'--1*1%0*%*+,10+'?1*'0*G2'/*%)#$%-./105

    2#'/,*+,/%0/,#*%)F$,-,)101*1%0G1210*$%-./,-10*+122*.-6

    +12/%0/,#*$,&,'(2*+,0'*.$,%)*+,-12/.22,-'/*%)F#$%-./*1%0G+,-,*'1(2%)*+,

    '/*%)F$,-,)101*1%0G/%02*1*.*,*+,8'10#$%?(,8'*1/%)*+122*.-66,*1*120,/,22'$6*%

    ,D#('10+,$,*+,5$%.0-2%0:+1/+*+,/%0/,#*+'2-,&,(%#,-

    +,.$?'0'0-2#'*1'(#$'/*1/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0*R*+,1$'/*%)=$,>#$%-./1052#'/,12

    ,D,$/12,- %0 '0 '($,'-6 #$%-./,- 2#'/, +, F#$%&1-,- 2#'/,G %$ *+, F,2*'?(12+,-

    2#'/,G'21*12/'((,-10*+122*.-6+1212*+,2#'/,#('00,--,2150,-'0-/'(/.('*,-

    ?6 *+, F#$%),221%0'(2G 2/1,0*12*2 ?.1 (* '0- /%02*$./*,- :1*+ *+, #,$81221%0 %)

    F'.*+%$1*6 G'0-*+,/'#1*' (%)*+,2*'*,%$*+,#$ 1&'*,10&,2*%$2'0-#$%& 1-,-*%*+,.2,

    %)*+%2,'22150,-*%.2,1*%$*+,/'2,%)101?'$*+1212*+,.$?'02#'/,*+,

    2*$,,*:+1/+12'($,'-6-,)10,-:1*+10*+,F/%0/,#*.'(12'*1%02G%)*+,2#,/1'(12*2+,

    #$%&1-,- 2#'/, %$ *+, ,2*'?(12+,- 2#'/, 21501)1,2 10 *+12 2*.-6 $,#$,2,0'*1%02 %)

    2#'/,'2-,)10,-?6,),?&$,

    +,F$,-,)10,-2#'/,2G'$,/%8#$12,-:1*+10*+,F(1&,-G8%8,0*%)2#'*1'(1*6+,6'$,

    *+, 2#'/,2 #$%-./,- *+$%.5+ *+, #$'/* 1/,2 %) *+, 10+'?1*'0*2 %) *+%2, :+%

    ,D#,$1,0/,1*:1*+10*+,,&,$6-'6(1),+,-'1(6#$'/*1/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0**'-'1(6$,7.1$,8,0*2

    +,#$'/*1/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0**+'*128,0*1%0,-10*+,$,2,'$/+12'-'1(6%0,0,

    *+'*12#('/,-10*+,-'1(6$%.*10,%)*+,10+'?1*'0*6,*0%*0,/,22'$1(6'#$'/*1/,:+1/+12-,(1?,$'*(6-,&,(%#,-)%$*+,#$%-./*1%0%)'2#'/,0*+,/%0*$'$6*+,F$,

    -,)10,-G2#'/,12'0.010*,0-,-#$%-./*1%0%*#('00,-0%*-,2150,-0%*/'(/.('*,-

    0%* /%0*,8#('*,- .#%0 ?.* %0(6 ) $,7.,0*,- ,D#,$1,0/,- ( 1&,- #$'/*1 /,-N

    '##$%#$1'*,- 10*,$#$,*,- '0- 8'01#.('*,- *+$%.5+ *+, 0,,-2 '0- -,21$,2 %) *+,

    10+'?1*'0*

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    38/174

    23

    S

    +, %$-10'$6 #$'/* 1* 1%0,$2 %) *+, / 1*6 ( 1&, F-%:0 ?,(%:G ?,(%: *+,*+$,2+%(-2'*:+1/+&121?1(1*6?,5102+,6:'(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    39/174

    24

    5$%.#2 %)6%.05 ?%62 '0- 51$(2 %0, 8'6 ,'21(6 )'(( 10*+,81--(, %)*+,101?'$

    /$%:-22/'**,$,-*%*+,?'/

    101?'$ *'

    101?'$/'0'(2%?,2,,0'2 '2%/1'('/*1& 1*6#,$)%$8,-?6'5$%.#%)6%.05#,%#(, '$*1/1#'0*2%)*+,101?'$/%8,*%5,*+,$%.*%0*+,2*$,,*2/+'*-$10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    40/174

    25

    21**105%0*+,:'((2%)?.1(-1052%$10*+,#'$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    41/174

    26

    #'$*%)*+,2#'/,2%)$,#$,2,0*'*1%0R*+,F(1&,-2#'/,2G'2,),?&$,#.*2=,),?&$,

    ACCA>

    101?'$12'0'##$%#$1'*,-#'$*%).$?'0,0&1$%08,0*F$,-,)10,-G10*,$#$,*,-*+$%.5+

    *+,.0-,$2*'0-10520,,-2'0--,8'0-2%)*+,.2,$5$%.#%#.*10'-1)),$,0*:'6

    101?'$12'0,D12*105.$?'02#'/,F/%02.8,-G=,$*,'.ACQ">10'#'$*1/.('$:'6*+$%.5+'F0,:.2,G-,&,(%#,-?6*+,10+'?1*'0*5$%.#

    #$%#,$.0-,$2*'0- 105%0*+, 1-,' %) 10* $%-./105' 0,:.2,R' 0,: F:'6 %).2105G

    =-, ,$*,'. ACQ"> ?6 *+, /1*6 10+'?1*'0* 12 %) /$./1'( 18#%$*'0/, )%$ *+12 2*.-6

    ?,/'.2, 2./+ '0 .0-,$2*'0-105 1((.810'*,2 *+, /$,'*1&, '/* %) *+, 2.?O,/* '0-*+,

    ,D12*,0/, %) -1)),$,0*8,'0105210 *+, -'1(6 .$?'0 #$'/*1/,2 %) *+, 10+'?1*'0* +,

    /%0/,#*.'(12'*1%02 %) .2'5, '0- /%02.8#*1%0 $,),$,- 10 *+12 2*.-6 -,#,0- %0 *+,

    :%$,0/,-1)),$,0*F:'62%).2105G*+,#$%&1-,-#$%-./*210/(.-,'0%#,$'*1%0*+,

    '/*%)F8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    42/174

    27

    010&,2* 15'*1%0'?%.**+,2#'/,2$,-,)10,-10-'1(6#$'/*1/,2N2+%.(-$,/%5014,'?%&,

    '((*+'**+,.$?'0.2,$+'&,'0%*+,$:'6%).0-,$2*'0-105'0-,D#,$1,0/105*+,/1*6

    *+'0*+,-,2150,$2'0-102*1*.*1%02*+'*2,**+,-,)101*1%02'0-*+'*8'*,$1'((6?.1(*'0-

    #$%-./,*+,.$?'0,0&1$%08,0*0-).$*+,$1*12'22,$*,-*+'*#'$*(6?,/'.2,%)*+12

    -1)),$,0/,%)F.0-,$2*'0-105G'0-#'$*(6?,/'.2,%)*+,1$#'$*1/.('$0,,-2'0--,21$,2

    *+,10+'?1*'0*22,,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    43/174

    28

    *+, %#,$'*1%0 #,$)%$8,- ?6 *+, 10+'?1*'0*2 *% $,-,)10, 2#'/,2 %) *+,1$ %:0 12

    -,*,$810,-

    %)'$*+,-1)),$,0*'2#,/*2:+1/+#$%812,-,,#,$.0-,$2*'0-105%0*+,2#'/,2%)*+,

    10+'?1*'0*R*+,(1&,-2#'/,2%0*+,1$#,/.(1'$-'1(6#$'/*1/,2'0-'(2%'2#,/*2:+1/+

    %#,0 ).$*+,$ #'*+2 )1,(-2 %) 10&,2*15'*1%0 '$, 10*$%-./,- +, 2*.-6 '22,$*2 *+,,('?%$'*1%0%)*+, /'2,%)101?'$*+$%.5+%.**+12#,$2#,/*1&,)%$'/+1,&105'010

    -,#*+.0-,$2*'0-105'?%.**+,#$%/,22,2%)'##$%#$1'*1%0'0-'?%.*'(*,$0'*1&,:'62

    %)F#$%-./105G/$,'*1052#'/,2%$*+12#.$#%2,)1$2*%)'(('0,D*,021&,-,#1/*1%0%)

    *+,/'2,%)101?'$:1((?,#$%&1-,-

    %,2*'?(12+'010*,021&,.0-,$2*'0-105%0*+,/'2,%)101?'$'?$%'--,)101*1%0%)

    101?'$ :1( ( #$18'$1 (6 ?, )%$8.('*,- /%8?10105 *+, ,D#('0'*1%02 51&,0 ?6 *+,

    #'$*1/1#'0*2 '0- %*+,$ ,D#('0'*1%02 *'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    44/174

    29

    %.*/%8,%)*+,1$#'$*1/.('$0,,-2'0-,0-2N1*120%*/(,'$'*)1$2*215+*:+,*+,$*+,$,

    '$,F,D#$,221%02%)1-,0*1*1,2G%$*+,,D#$,221%02%)%*+,$/%0/,$0210101?'$N2181('$(6

    :+,*+,$*+,18#(1/1*$,212*'0/,12$,('*,-*%*+,('**,$'0-*+,-'1(6(1),%)

    *+,/1*6#$%&105*+'**+,?.1(*,0&1$%08,0*/%0*10.,21*2#$%-./*1%0'0-*$'02)%$8'*1%0

    *+$%.5+*+,-'1(6#$'/*1/,2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*2101?'$122./+'0,D'8#(,+,$,)%$,

    *%?,'?(,*%*,((*+,2*%$6%)101?'$:1((+,(#.2.0-,$2*'0-*+,$,-,)101*1%0'0-*+,

    $,#$%-./*1%0*' %) *+, 81/$% 2#'/,2 $,-,)10,- ?6 *+,

    10+'?1*'0* % .0-,$2*'0- 101?'$ :1*+ ,&,$6'2#,/* 8,'02*% (%%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    45/174

    30

    *+$%.5+-1)),$,0*#$'/*1/,2'0-*%,D#(%$,*+,$,212*'0/,2+1--,010*+'*2#'/,%

    /%0/(.-,*+,$,2,'$/+'182).$*+,$*%,D#(%$,+%:-1)),$,0*.2,$2$,212**+$%.5+*+,

    2#'/,*+,6/$,'*,:+'*'$,*+,F,D#$,221%02'0-$,212*'0/,2G+1--,010*+,2#'/,'0-

    +%:*+,/1*610+'?1*'0*22*$.55(,2#'*1'((6*%$,'/+*+,1$,0-2:+'*'$,*+,F$1&'($6

    $,('*1%02G:+1/+8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    46/174

    31

    8,$,-,2/$1#*1%02%0101?'$101?'$12'//,#*,-'2'/'2,*+'*1((.810'*,2.2'?%.*

    #%*,0*1'( 2#'*1'( )%$8'*1%02 :1*+10 *+, /1*6 +, 2*.-6 (%%'0-.0-,$2*'0-*+,2#'/,%)*+,.2,$

    +,2,'$/+)%$'/'2,#'$'((,(*%101?'$2+%.(-0%**'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    47/174

    32

    SAS E

    %,D#('10*+,/'2,10,&,$6-,*'1(*+,2*.-68%&,2)$%8*+,#,$2%0'(,D#,$1,0/,2

    '0- %?2,$&'*1%02 %) *+, $,2,'$/+,$ *% *+, #,$2%0'( ,D#,$1,0/,2 %) 101?'$ .2,$2

    +$%.5+'0'##$%#$1'*,10*,$&1,:1058,*+%-*+,10*,$&1,:'18,-*%'2

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    48/174

    33

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    49/174

    34

    *+$%.5+*+,10*,$&1,:2*+,,D#('0'*1%02'0-/$1*17.,2,D12*105)%$*+,/'2,%)101?'$

    :1((?,,D*$'/*,-*%#$%&,*+'**+,$,12'$,212*'0*%$,D#$,221&,8%*1&,?,+10-*+,'/*

    %)$,-,)101*1%0%)'2#'/,'0-*+'**+,'/*%)$,-,)10105'2#'/,12*+,,D#(1/1*%$

    18#(1/1*8'01),2*'*1%0%)*+%.5+*2'0-%#101%02*+'*:%.(-0%*?,,D#$,22,-%*+,$:12,

    +, 10*,$&1,: 12 0%* '(:'62 2*$./*.$,- 10 -1$,/* /%05$.1*6 :1*+ *+,/'*,5%$1,2 +,$,'2%0)%$*+1212*+'*2%8,'02:,$2/'00%*?,'**'10,-?6-1$,/*(6'2

    :+1/+:'2 -,&,(%#,-'0-)10'(14,-'(%05:1*+*+,#1(%*2*.-60*,$&1,:2%0101?'$

    2*'$*,-:1*+8%$,5,0,$'(7.,2*1%02%0*+,'/*%)101?'$*+,0/%0*10.,-:1*+8%$,

    2#,/1)1/7.,2*1%02'?%.**+,#$%/,22%.*%):+1/+101?'$12'/+1,&,-+,%$-,$%)

    7.,2*1%02 12 ,8#+'214,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    50/174

    35

    SASS E

    +, 10*,$&1,:2 2*'$*,- :1*+ ' 5,0,$'( 7.,2*1%0 %0 101?'$ '2+127.,2*1%01218#%$*'0*

    10#$%&1-105)1$2*+'0-10)%$8'*1%0'?%.**+,.2,$G2#,$/,#*1%0'0-/%0/,#*.'(12'*1%0%)101?'$+,%?*'10,-$,2#%0-2.0/%&,$,-8%2*%)*+,*18,:+'*'$,*+,8'10*+1052

    *+, -,)101*1%02 %) 101?'$ -,#,0-2 :+'* 101?'$ 21501)1,2 )%$ *+, #'$*1/1#'0* 0

    '--1*1%02%8,#$%#%$*1%0%)10)%$8'*1%0'?%.**+,2%/1%2#'*1'(#$'/*1/,10101?'$10

    *,$82 %) '/*1&1*1,2 '0- #$,),$,0/,2 12 %?*'10,- )$%8 *+, #'$*1/1#'0*G2 10*$%-./*%$6

    ,D#('0'*1%02%0101?'$

    +,10*,$&1,:/%0*10.,2:1*+ '0%*+,$5,0,$'(7.,2*1%0'2

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    51/174

    36

    0 10&,2*15'*1%0 %0 *+, 1-,'2 '0- )%$8.('* 1%02 %) *+, #'$*1/1#'0*2 '?%.* *+,10 1?'$

    #%#.('*1%0 10 5,0,$'( R *+, #'$*1/1#'0* 5$%.# )%((%:2 *+,2, 7.,2*1%02 .,2*1%02

    '?%.* *+, #'$*1/1#'0* 5$%.# #$18'$1(6 '182 *% -,)10, *+, .2,$ #$%)1(, *+,1$ 2%/1%

    ,/%0%81//.(*.$'(/+'$'/*,$12*1/2*+,1$2+'$,-2*6(12*1/'0-2.?/.(*.$'(,(,8,0*2R1)

    *+,2,+'&,'06/%00,/*1%0:1*+*+,#$%-./*1%0%)2#'/,R'0-*+,/%88.01/'*1%0

    /%00,/*1%0%$5'012'*1%0:1*+10*+,101?'$#%#.('*1%0

    +,$, 12 '(2% ' 5$%.# %) '--1* 1%0'( 7.,2* 1%02 '2

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    52/174

    37

    SAS" E

    %$8,$#,$2%0'(/%00,/*1%02%)*+,$,2,'$/+,$+'&,?,,0?,0,)1/1'()%$*+,101*1'*1%0

    %) *+, 10*,$&1,:105 #$%/,22)*,$ *+,101*1'(10*,$&1,:8,,*1052:1*+ *+, #,$2%0'((6

    +,10*,$&1,:105-,&,(%#,-10*:%:'621$2**+,#$18'$610*,$&1,:,,210)%$8,-*+,1$

    )$1,0-2 '?%.* %.$ $,7.,2* '0- #'22,- .2 *+,1$ #+%0, 0.8?,$2 1) *+, #,$2%0 *+,6

    2.55,2*'//,#**%8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    53/174

    38

    '/* 2,#'$'*,(6 0- %0 *+, %*+,$ +'0- *+,$, '$, )$1,0- 5$%.#2 *+'* '$, *%*'( (6

    .0/%00,/*,-:1*+2%8,%)*+,%*+,$5$%.#2

    .$*+,$8%$,$,'/+105-1)),$,0*)$1,0-/1$/(,2:'218#%$*'0*10%?*'10105*+,-1)),$,0*

    '##$%'/+,22+'$,-:1*+10)$1,0-2%88%0'##$%'/+,2:1*+10*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2%)*+,

    2'8, )$1,0- 5$%.# +'&, ?,,0 )%( (%:,- '//%$-105(6 +,2, -1)),$,0* '##$%'/+,2*+%.5+0%*/%8#(,*,(6%##%2105*%,'/+%*+,$$,&,'(,-:+'*'$,*+,*+1052'//,#*,-

    ?6'((*+,5$%.#2105,0,$'('0-:+'*/+'05,'//%$-105*%*+,1$-1)),$,0*?'/ *:% *18,2 +,

    $,2,'$/+,$ 10*,$&1,:,- '* *+, 2'8, *18, *:% #,$2%02 *%5,*+,$ :+% :,$, '(2%

    '//%8#'01,-?6*+,1$%*+,$)$1,0-2R*+,6-1-0G*:'0**%#'$*1/1#'*,*%*+,10*,$&1,:

    ?.* *+,6 8'-, ( 1**(, /%88,0*2 -.$105 *+, 10*,$&1,: 1) *+,6 +'&, ( 1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    54/174

    39

    ,)%$, ?,5100105 *+, 10*,$&1,: *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 :,$, '22.$,- '?%.* *+,

    *$.2*:%$*+10,22%)*+,2*.-6:1*+*+,,D#('0'*1%0%)*+,-,*,$810,-,*+1/'(#$10/1#(,2

    //%$- 105 *% *+,2, #$10/1#(,2P*+,10*,$&1,:,,2+'&,?,,0/%-,-100.8?,$2*+,1$

    0'8,2'0-#,$2%0'(10)%$8'*1%0:%.(-0%*?,8'-,,D#(1/1*'06:+,$,10'068,-1.8

    +, $,/%$-,- 10*,$&1,: F*$'/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    55/174

    40

    0

    :% 0,D* 2,*2 %) 10)%$8'*1%0 ?%*+ &,$6 18#%$*'0* )%$ *+, -,)101*1%0 %) #'$*1/1#'0*

    #$%)1 (,2 '$, 5'*+,$,- )$%8 *+, 10*,$&1,: 1$2* 2,* %) 10)%$8'*1%0 12 '?%.* *+,

    *,8#%$'(1*6%)*+,101?'$#$'/*1/,2%?*'10,-?6'0.8?,$%)7.,2*1%02-1$,/*,-:1*+10

    *+,10*,$&1,:,D#('10,-10*+,10*,$&1,:5.1-,(10,'2*+,*,8#%$'(-,)101*1%0=,,

    '##,0-1DS*'?(,S>+,2,10)%$8'*1%010/(.-,*+,#'$*1/1#'0*G2)$,7.,0/6%)F5%105

    *%G 101?'$ ,D#$,22,- ?6 *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 '2 -'62 #,$ :,,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    56/174

    41

    101?'$:+'*+%.$2%)*+,-'6:+1/+-'62%)*+,:,,+, #'$*1/1#'0*10)%$8'*1%02+,,*2#$%&1-,- '0%$5'012,- ?'2,

    )%$ *+, -,&,(%#8,0* %) ' /%8#$,+,021&, 8'*$1D '0- -,*'1(,- *'?(,2 %0 #'$*1/1#'0*

    #$%)1(,2 =2,, '##,0-1D S *'?(, S " B T> +, ,$2%0'( 0)%$8'*1%02 %0 *+,

    0*,$&1,:,,2 51&,0 10 '##,0-1D S *'?(, /%02*1*.*,2 *+, 0,/,22'$6 )$'8, )%$

    -,&,(%#105 ).$*+,$ -12/.221%02 %0 101?'$ '0- 101?'$ #%#.('*1%0 :+1/+ /'0 ?,

    )%((%:,-10*+,2,/%0-#'$*%)*+12/+'#*,$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    57/174

    42

    SASP

    E

    ,)%$,,D#('10105*+,,&'(.'*1%0%)*+,10*,$&1,:)10-1052*+,8,*+%-%(%51/'('##$%'/+

    /'0?,2.88'$14,-'2)%((%:2+12$,2,'$/+%0*+,2#'/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0*2R101?'$12)%$8.('*,- .#%0 ' 0.8?,$ %)*+,8,2$,('*,- *%*+, 2.?O,/* '0-:+1/+:1(( ?,

    +,(#).(108'10*'10105*+, 2*.-610 /%05$.1*6:1*+*+,'18,-$,2,'$/+7.,2*1%02'0-

    :1*+*+,*+,%$,*1/'( )$'8,+, *+,8,2:+1/+:,$,-12/.22,-#$,&1%.2(6/%02*1*.*,

    *+,#$,(1810'$6*+,8,2%)10&,2*15'*1%0%)*+,$,2,'$/+2*.-6

    /%0&,01,0* 10*,$&1,:105 8,*+%- 12 -,&,(%#,- )%$ *+, 7.,2*1%0105 %) *+,2, *+,8,2

    +,10*,$&1,:2/%0*10.,-:+1(,*+,2,#$,(1810'$6*+,8,2+'&,?,,0$,)%$8.('*,-'0-

    $,)10,- 10*% )10'( '0'(6*1 /'( /'*,5%$1,2 =$

    * +'2 #$,&1%.2(6 ?,,010*$%-./,- *+'**+, #$,(1810'$6 *+,8,2 %) 10&,2*15'*1%0'$,

    /'*,5%$12,- 10*% *:% 5$%.#2 1$2* 5$%.#%) *+,8,2 :+1/+'$, 8%$, -,2/$1#*1&,10

    #.$#%2,'$, *+,(%/'*1%0*+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.# *+,2%/1%2#'*1'( #$'/*1/,'0-

    *,8#%$'(1*6 ,/%0- 5$%.# %) *+,8,2 :+1/+'$,8%$, ,D# (%$'*%$6 '$, *+, #%:,$

    #('6'0-*+,+1--,0,D#$,221%02'0-$,212*'0/,2+,10*,$&1,:5.1-,(10,+'2?,,0

    )%$8.('*,-:1*+10*+12)$'8,:%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    58/174

    43

    *+, *$'/+1210/(.-,2'2$ %-105 12 '22,$*,- *% ?, *+, )1 $2* '0'(6*1/'( 2*,# *+'* 8%&,2 *+,

    $,2,'$/+,$ )$%8 -,2/$1#*1%0 *%:'$- *+, /%0/,#*.'(12'*1%0 %) *+'* -,2/$1#*1%0

    =+'$8'4!!SSAB>0,8,*+%-)%$/%-1052.55,2*,-?6$0*+12$,2#,/**+,#$,(1810'$6*+,8,2

    %)10&,2*15'*1%0:+1/++'&,('*,$?,,0$,)10,-10*%F'0'(6*1/'(/'*,5%$1,2G#$%&1-,'

    ?'212)%$*+12/'*,5%$12'*1%0

    D#('0'*1%02 '?%.* *+, $%.0-,- +,%$6 0'(6212 =$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    59/174

    44

    +, *$'02/$1#*1%0 %) *+,10*,$&1,:2'2 ,D#('10,-'?%&, /%02*1*.*,2'0 10*$%-./*%$6

    2*,#*%*+,%#,0/%-105N'((%:105'(2%*%5%%0,)1$2**18,%&,$*+,10*,$&1,:*,D*2

    (10,?6 (10, =+'$8'4 !!S SAB>'0- *%8'$2.55,2*218#(1,25%105*+$%.5+*+,-'*'?6

    )%/.2105%0*+,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    60/174

    45

    "

    "A

    010*,021&, .0-,$2*'0-105%0*+,/'2,%)101?'$ 10/ (.-105)%.$-,2/$1#*1&,2*,#2 12#$%&1-,-10*+,)1$2*#'$*%)*+122*.-6+,-,&,(%#8,0*%)'/%8#$,+,021&,-,#1/*1%0

    %0*+,/'2,12/$./1'()%$*+,.0-,$2*'0-105%)*+,2%.5+*#$%/,22%)F$,-,)10105G'0-

    #$%-./1052#'/,*+$%.5+'(*,$0'*1&,#$'/*1/,2'0-)%$*+,)%$8.('*1%0%)).$*+,$1-,'2

    %0*+,2#'/,2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*R*+,F(1&,-2#'/,2GN1*12'(2%18#%$*'0*)%$'0,))1/1,0*

    ,&'(.'* 1%0 %) *+, $,2,'$/+ ) 10-1052 '0- )%$ $,('* 105 *+,8 *% :1-,$ *+,%$,* 1/'(

    -12/.221%02

    +, )%( (%:105 -12/.221%02 %0 101?'$ -,#,0- %0 *+, ,&'(.'*1%0 %) *+, $,2,'$/+

    )10-1052 *+$%.5+ *+, $%.0-,- +,%$6 ,*+%-2 '0- '18 *% #$%&1-, *+, 0,/,22'$6

    ,D#('0'*1%02'0--,)101*1%02'?%.**+,/'2,N)1$2*?6#%21*1%01051*:1*+10*+,/1*6?6'

    -12/.221%0%0*+,2#,/1)1/1*6%)1*2(%/'*1%0*+,0?610&,2*15'*105*+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#

    '0-?6,D'810105+%:1*12-,2/$1?,-?6*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2)10'((6?6.0-,$2*'0-105*+,

    #,/.(1'$#$'/*1/,:+1/+#$%-./,2*+,2#'/,%)101?'$+,2,,D#('0'*1%02:1(('(2%

    $,&,'( *+, %?2,$&,- #'$*1/.('$1*1,2 %) *+, /'2, *+, /%0/(.21%02 -,$1&,- )$%8 *+,

    $,2,'$/+ 2*.-6 '?%.* *+, '?%&, 8,0*1%0,- 122.,2 '0- *+, ,D#(%$,- $,('*1%02 '0-

    /%00,/*1%02:1*+10*+,#$%/,22%)F8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    61/174

    46

    ,('?%$'*105*+,/'2,10$,('*1%0*%*+,/%0*,D*'0-/%0-1*1%02*+'*10)(.,0/,1*&,$6

    .$?'0 2*%$62+%.(-?, .0-,$2*%%-:1*+10 1*2/%0*,D*+12#('/,'##$%#$1'*,-?6 *+,

    .2,$5$%.#12*+,%.*/%8,%)*+,/.(*.$'(,/%0%81/#%(1*1/'0-5,%5$'#+1/'(/%0*,D*

    :1*+10:+1/+*+,6(1&,:+1/+*+,6*$6*%/+'05,'0-'5'102*:+1/+*+,6'/*'0-$,212*

    +,(%/'*1%0:+,$,101?'$2'$,/$,'*,-1221501)1/'0*10*+122,02,

    "AAA FG

    101?'$*' '22,$*,- *+, -,&,(%#8,0* %) *+, /1*6 10 '0 'D12

    *%:'$-2 *+, 2%.*+ ]'0'&''0- ;4;('6'2 ' 2.?

    /,0*$,'**+'**18,'&')*,$*+,ACP!2'21*/'0?,)%((%:,-)$%8

    8'#'##,0-1D*+,/1*6,D*,0-2*%:'$-2'((21-,2'0-'&'(*'?'0=ACQT'ACQT?ACCQ>'0,'$;%M(.=!!A>

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    62/174

    47

    10'((6')*,$*+,ACC!2*+,/,0*$'(/+'$'/*,$%)'&'

    %2*$,05*+,0*+12$,(1'?1(1*69&,0@'0-L;

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    63/174

    48

    +, )10-1052 %) *+, 2*.-6 '2 /%0&,6,-?6 9&,0@#$%&, 2,5$,5'*1%0 ?,*:,,0 *+,

    :,'(*+6'0- #%%$5$%.#2%0 ' 0%$*+R2%.*+'D12//%$-105(69&,0@%?2,$&,2*+'*

    *+, 2%.*+,$0 -12*$1/*2 %) 0

    *%:'$-2 *+, :,'(*+1,$ #'$*2 %) 0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    64/174

    49

    *'*.$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    65/174

    50

    Q!2C!2888W*:'2,D'/* (6 ACCT%.

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    66/174

    51

    ,/'.2, .0'(; 12 ' /,0*$, 10 0$%*'8%$'2;6'01=?!B>*$'02('*,-?6,014(*'6AB'01%$'-'069$98,6,@%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    67/174

    52

    .$*+,$8%$, *+,,D'810'*1%0 %) *+,2%/1%,/%0%81/ #$%)1(, %) '&''0-*+,:'6210:+1/+:,+'&,/'$$1,-*+,#$%)1(,

    *%' ?$%'-,$/%0*,D* *%$,&,'(*+,5,0,$'(/+'$'/*,$12*1/2%) *+,101?'$#%#.('*1%0

    '0- *% #$,&,0* 1* ) $%8 ?,105 8,$, -,2/$ 1#*1%02 %0 *+, 10*,$&1,:,- 5$%.# '$,

    ,D#('10,-+,'0'(6212%0*+,F#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#G-,#,0-2%0'*:%2*,#10&,2*15'*1%0N

    )1$2*%0*+,5'*+,$,-#,$2%0'(10)%$8'*1%0'0-2,/%0-%0*+,2.?*$'/*,-

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    68/174

    53

    '##,0-1D " *'?(, *+'* +'() %) *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 8,0*1%0,- *+'* *+, 101?'$

    #%#.('*1%0 /%8#$12, 6%.05 #,%#(, %$ .01&,$21*6 2*.-,0*2 //%$-105(6 1* /'0 ?,

    %?2,$&,-10*+,2'8#(,'+15+(,&,(%),-./'*1%0'0-'6%.05#%#.('*1%0:+1/+/'0

    ?, #$%&,- )$%8 *+, -,)101*1%02 51&,0 ?6 *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 )%$ *+, 101?'$ .2,$ 10

    5,0,$'(

    *12'(2%,8#+'214,-?6*+,10*,$&1,:,,210*+,1$,D#('0'*1%02'0--,)101*1%02%)*+,

    F101?'$ #'$*1 /1#'0* G =2,, '##,0-1D " *'?(,>*+'**+,F101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*G/%8,2

    )$%881--(,%$+15+10/%8,)'81(1,2+12/'0)1$2*?,%?2,$&,-10*+,,-./'*1%0(,&,(2

    %)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2?.*'(2%'0'0'(6212%0*+,,-./'*1%0),,2%)*+,'**,0-,-2/+%%(2

    =2,, '##,0-1D S *'?(, "> 51&, .2 *+, )1$2* /(.,2 '?%.* *+, 10/%8, (,&,(2 %) *+,

    )'81(1,2:1*+%.*0,/,22'$1(6(,'-105*%5,0,$'(12'*1%02

    +12)1$2*10&,2*15'*1%0'?%.**+,10/%8,(,&,(2%)*+,)'81(1,2,D'810,2:+,*+,$*+,

    2/+%%( %) *+, #'$*1/1#'0* 12#.?(1/ %$#$1&'*, *2+%.(- ?, ,D#('10,- +,$, *+'* *+,

    #.?(1/2/+%%(210.$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    69/174

    54

    S *'?(, A 2 9&,0@ /('$1)1,2 '* (,'2* *+$,, ?(%/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    70/174

    55

    *'?(, A N *+'* 101?'$ 12 '22%/1'*,- 10 *+, -,)101* 1%02 %) *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 :1*+

    /+,'#,$ -$10+'2?,,07.,2*1%0,-'0-*+,

    )%((%:105 /%0/(.21%02 '$, -$':0 ,#,0-105 %0 *+, ,D#('0'*1%02 %) *+, 21D ),8'(,

    10*,$&1,:,,*+,$,120%2,5$,5'*1%0?,*:,,051$(2'0-?%6210101?'$N1*12'0,7.'(

    +%8%5,0%.2'0-/%8)%$*'?(,,0&1$%08,0*10*+,2,*,$82,8'(,#'$*1/1#'0*2,D#$,22

    *+'**+,6'$,0%*')$'1-*%5%*%101?'$?6*+,82,(&,2%$:1*+*+,1$51$()$1,0-2'0-

    '--*+'*?,105:1*+*+,1$5$%.#10/(.-105?%*+51$(2'0-?%62,(1810'*,*+,#%221?1(1*6

    %)),,(105102,/.$,

    %:,&,$ *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 8,0*1%0 *+'* 10*+, ('*,2* 6,'$2 ' -1)),$,0* #%#.('*1%0

    2*'$*,- *% /%8, *% 101?'$ '0- /'.2,- -12/%8)%$* '8%05 *+, %$1510'( 101?'$

    #'$*1/1#'0*2((%)*+,10*,$&1,:,,2,8#+'214,-'0,5'*1&,/+'05,:1*+10*+,101?'$

    #%#.('*1%0 0, #'$* %) *+, ),8'(, #'$*1/1#'0*28,0*1%02 *+'* *+,6 '$, 2%8,*18,2

    -12*.$?,-?,/'.2,%)*+,2,F2*$'05,$2G:+,0*+,6101*1'*,)15+*2

    AQA%)*+,AT10*,$&1,:,,.2,--1$,/*(6*+,,D#$,221%010*+,-,)101*1%0*+,65'&,?.*'((%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2,8#+'214,-*+,122.,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    71/174

    56

    15.$,"A101?'$'0(*'6=!!!!S>

    2*+,# $%) 1(,% ) *+,#,%#(, /%8105*%101?'$+'2 /+'05,- ('*,(6 *+,$,+'- ?,,0 2%8, )15+*2N ?,)%$, *+,2, *+1052 0,&,$ .2,- *% +'##,0 '2#,%#(,

    E,(( /%021-,$105*+,#,%#(,/%8105*%10 1?'$ *+, 7.'( 1*6+'2/+'05,-*+,7.'(1*6+'2?,,0-,*,$1%$'*,-%:)%$,D'8#(,'2:,-%0V*5%'2)$,7.,0*'2?,)%$,*+,6-%0G*

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    72/174

    57

    10##,0-1D"*'?(,SN*+,0,:5$%.#/%8#$12,2?%*+6%.052*,$2R'(2%-,2/$1?,-'2

    :'00'?,2'0-2,&,$'(- 1)),$,0* 5$%.#2,D#('10,-'2 /(.??,$2 O'/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    73/174

    58

    ,/%0-(6 *+12 12 *+, #$%%) *+'* 101?'$ ?,/'8,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    74/174

    59

    +,$, 12 ' /%88%0 2*6(, ?.* +%:/'0 2'6' /+'05105/%88%02*6 (, F'102*$,'8G #,%#(,/%8,+,$,:'00'?,8'102* $,'8)/%.$2,*+120%*8'102*$,'8)%$.$

    15.$,"101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    +, 8'O%$ *+105 .0-,$2*%%- )$%8 *+, ,D#('0'*1%02 %) *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 '?%.* *+,

    2+'$,-2*6(,%) *+,101?'$#'$*1/1#'0**+'* *+,$,120% 2105.('$'0- 2*$1/*(6-,)101*,

    2*6(,8.21/'(*'2*,%.*(%%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    75/174

    60

    /%0&,$2'*$1%02*+,2,2*6(,2/'0?,0'8,-'2)%((%:2.0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    76/174

    61

    101?'$1210&,0*,-:1*+10*+,/1*610+'?1*'0*G2'(*,$0'*1&,:'62%).2105*+,/1*62#'/,

    +1212'(2%:+'*12%?2,$&,-10*+,-,)101*1%0251&,0)%$101?'$?6*+,10*,$&1,:,,2

    101?'$12-,)10,-#$18'$1(6*+$%.5+*+,,D#('0'*1%0%)*+,'/*1&1*1,2,D,$/12,-*+,$,

    *+,0%)%*+,$/%8#%0,0*20,22,0*1'(.0-,$2*'0-105%0101?'$$,7.1$,2+,0/,)%$*+

    *+, 10&,2*15'*1%0%) *+12 0,: .2,:+1/+ 10/(.-,2*+, .0)%$,2,,0 2%/1'( '0-2#'*1'(

    #$'/*1/,

    101?'$ 12 *+, #('/, :+,$,#,%#(,-$10

    */'0 ?, )%((%:,- 10*+, ,6:%$- 0'(6212 %0 *+, -,)101*1%02%0 101?'$ 51&,010

    ##,0-1D" *'?(,A'0-'21*/'0?,2,,010*+,'?%&,51&,0,D'8#(,2N101?'$12

    )1$2* -,2/$1?,- ?6 *+, '/* %) F-$100(6*+,101* 1'*%$2

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    77/174

    62

    * :'2)%.$6,'$2'5%:+,0) 1$2*/'8,F $%.0-+,$, $,8,8?,$ *+,)1$2**18,F%101?'$:,'$,5%105G*+,62'1-*+%.5+*:,'$,5%105*%2%8,?'$N*.$02%.**+'*:,:1((O.2*21*+,$,%0*+,#'&,8,0*S!=?!">

    88 -%0G* +'&, ' /(., )$ 1,0- *%(- 8, :,0* F'' 2% 6%. /'( ( 1*101?'$G,)%$,*+'*-1-0G*

    */'0'(2%?,%?2,$&,-10*+,51&,07.%*'*1%02*+'**+,(%/'*1%0%)101?'$:1*+10*+,

    /1*6 12 '0%*+,$ -,2/$1#*1&, ,(,8,0* $,),$$,- 10 *+, ,D#('0'*1%02%) *+,#'$*1/1#'0*2N

    +%:,&,$ '2?!P ,8#+'214, 101?'$12 0%*0,/,22'$1(6-,#,0-,0* %0 1*2(%/'*1%0

    +,$,)%$,101?'$/'0'(2%?,'//,#*,-'2'0'/*:+1/+/%8#$12,2'#$'/*1/,'#'$*

    )$%8?,105'F#('/,GR:1*+$,),$,0/,*%'(%/'*1%0:1*+10*+,/1*6

    S!J$*2,0,J0/,5,(-181(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    78/174

    63

    * 12*+,'55$,5'*,%)2*$,,*2 :+,$,#,%#(,:+%:'0* *%-$10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    79/174

    64

    101?'$-1)),$2)$%8 *+,%$-10'$6015+*(1),%)0

    2#,/1'((6 *+,81D*.$,%) ?'0'0' (17.,.$ /'/'%'0-81(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    80/174

    65

    15.$,""101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    '06%)*+,-$10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    81/174

    66

    0 /%&,$,- 2#'/,2 *+,$, 12 8.21/ 6%. 5,* -$.0

    *+10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    82/174

    67

    F%#,$'*1%0 G'2-,,$*,'.)%$8.('*,2'0'$/+1*,/*.$' ('/ *1%0'2-,)10,-?6'.2' '0

    ,)),/*%),D#$,22105%#,$'*105,D,/.*105'0--%105=!!ST>

    $/+1 *,/ *.$,'/*1%01 2-,)10,-?6 '-,21$, *% '/* *%=10*,$> '/* +'*1 2*%'/*1&'*,*%5,0,$'*,*%#$%-./,*%,D#$,22*%8%&,*%,D/+'05,%$*%$,('*, % F'51*'*,G ,&,0*2 2#'/,2 /%0/,#*2 '0- 10,$*1'2 % #$%8%*,

    10*,$'/* 1%02 ?,*:,,0 *+1052 $'*+,$ *+,8 10*,$&,0* 1%02 %0 *+,8%&,8,0*2 $'*+,$ *+'0 #%21* 1%02 /* 1%02 $'*+,$ *+'0 ) 15.$'* 1%02$%/,22,2$'*+,$*+'0%//.$$,0/,2='.2'.'(('$*N,*'#%(12!!ST>

    1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    83/174

    68

    2#'/,2)%$1*2%:0* 12'(2%8,0*1%0,-*+'*101?'$-%,20%*'18)%$'/%02*$./*,-

    2#'/,'0-1*-%,20%*10/(.-,'06#+621/'(/%02*$./*1%002#'*1'(5,%5$'#+1/'(*,$82

    101?'$12-,2/$1?,-?6*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2*+$%.5+8,0*1%0105*+,(%/'*1%0:1*+10*+,/1*6

    %) 0

    101?'$12)%$8.('*,-10*+12$,2,'$/+'2'0%#,$'*1%0#$%-./105'0'(*,$0'*1&,2#'/,

    +,8,'02%)*+12#$%-./*1%0$,8'102*%?,,D#(%$,-10*+12#'$*101?'$2#'*1'(14,2

    1*2,()?6'##$%#$1'*105*+,'($,'-6,D12*105.$?'02,**105'0-.2105*+,,D12*105.$?'0

    ,(,8,0*2R*+,:'((2#'&,8,0*2'0-2*'1$2R'2*+,#'$*2%)1*2%:02#'*1'(1*6101?'$

    '##(6-1)),$,0*8,'01052,D,$/12,-1)),$,0*.2,2%0*+,8'0- /%02*$./*2*+,81/$%

    2#'/,2%)101?'$?6$,10*,$#$,*105*+,8101*2%:0:'6

    "T*.$.('?1(10,/,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    84/174

    69

    15.$,"T101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    +,$, 12 ' ),,(105 %) ?,(%05105 +,$, 6%. -%0G* ),,( (1

    "P'08;6%$.86'?.$-'?J6(,?1'1-16,*+1221&'$6'01

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    85/174

    70

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    86/174

    71

    ?A!R,/'.2,*+,$,'$,#,%#(,'$%.0-*+,$,12'/$%:-%&,$*+,$,:1*+-$10*$'02('*,-?6,014(*'6

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    87/174

    72

    15.$,"Q101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    * 12 '?2%(.*,(6 2%/ 1'( 8,'0 *+,62'6 F(, *G2 -%'10 1?'$G'0- *+,6 -% +,6/'08'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    88/174

    73

    15.$,"C101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    +,2#'*1'(1*6%)101?'$12-1)),$,0*108'06:'62)$%8'/%02*$./*,-8'*,$1'(14,-

    2#'/,*12'$,-,)10,-'0-*$'021,0*2#'*1'(1*6*'##$%#$1'*,2?.*-%,20%*#,$212*N1*

    -%,20%*#$%-./,' -.$'?(,#+621/'(2*$./*.$,+,$,12 0%?%.0-'$6 2,#'$'*105*+,

    81/$%2#'/,2%)101?'$)$%8*+,2*$,,*+,101?'$2#'/,12'(2%#,$8,'?(,1*'((%:2

    #'22'5,'0-*+,)(%:%) %*+,$.$?'0,(,8,0*2* +'2*$'02#'$,0*)$105,2:+1/+/'0

    ,'21(6/+'05,)%$8'0-:+1/+-%,20%*-12*$'/*%.*21-,)$%81021-,101?'$12-1)).2,-

    10*%*+, 2*$,,*2%).0'(;)1((105*+,(,)*%&,$%.*%).2,2#'/,2:1*+%.*)%$8105'06

    -12/(%2.$,:1*+%.*12%('*1051*2,()*12'010?,*:,,0'$/+1*,/*.$,'2,D#('10,-?6

    Y%2,%$'(,210*+,,*'#%(12-1/*1%0'$6

    +,?,*:,,012'2#'/,#,$8'0,0*(6%0*+,$.0N'#('/,101*2,()'(181*8'-,)$105,'?%$-,$8'-,/%.0*$6=%$'(,2,*'#%(12N!!SSS">

    +,)%$8'0-#%21*1%0%)101?'$8'6/+'05,,&,$6*18,1*12/$,'*,-*-%,20%*+'&,

    /%02*$./*,-?%.0-'$1,2'0-1*2 2%/1'((62,*?%.0-'$1,2'$, 0%*)1D,-0,8'6*+10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    89/174

    74

    E,+'&,/%8#('10*2 )$%8 *+, $,2 1-,0*2 6,* *+,#('/, 12 2%)(,D1? (, 6%.'$,)$,,'06:'6E,:,0*%&,$*+,?'0

    BS#'$*8'02'*$'02('*,-?6,014(*'6

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    90/174

    75

    +,81/$%2#'/,2$,-,)10,-?6*+,10+'?1*'0*28'*%'22.$,1*2%:02*'?1(1*6=-,,$*,'.ACCP>+,2#'/,%)*+,

    '.*+%$1*6 *+, ,2*'?(12+,- 2#'/, 12 *+, #$%-./* %) ' /%8#$,+,021&, %#,$'*1%0 '

    F2* $'*,56 G2-,,$*,'.,D#(' 10210+,$'/*1/,%)&,$6-'61),

    *$'*,56 '22.8,2 ' #('/, /1$/.82/$1?,- '2 #$%#,$W' 2#'*1'( %$102*1*.*1%0'((%/'(14'*1%05,0,$'*105$,('*1%02:1*+'0,D*,$1%$F$%#,$G12'&1/*%$6%)2#'/,%&,$*18,=-,,$*,'.ACQ"D1D>

    0*+,%*+,$+'0-*+,10+'?1*'0**+$%.5+2#%0*'0,%.210*,$&,0*1%02'0-*,8#%$'$6

    %#,$'*1%02/$,'*,21*2%:02#'/,?6'##$%#$1'*105'0-$,-,)10105*+,,D12*105$%8

    :+'*-,,$*,'.,D#('10210.(*.$,10(.$'('?%.*#,$8'0,0/1,21*12'22,$*,-*+'*

    *+,#$'/*1/,2%) *+,'.*+%$1*6'182*%'/+1,&,' #,$8'0,0*%#'7.,2*.??%$0(1),

    +1212*+,)%$8%)/.(*.$'(%#,$'*1%0%)*+,#%:,$).(F*+,#,$8'0,0*2G0-%0*+,

    %*+,$21-,*+,$,'$,*+,F/$,'*1%02G:+'*1210&,0*,-?6*+,8'$5102'2/%.0*,$)%$8

    %)/.(*.$'(%#,$'*1%0=-,,$*,'.ACCPASQ>

    #'/,2#$%-./,- ?6*+,10+'?1*'0**'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    91/174

    76

    +,'#%(%56%)*+,F18#,$12+'?(,G&'(%$12,*+,-,'-$'*+,$*+'0*+,(1&105$,212*'0* 8'*,$1'(2 $'*+,$ *+'0%*+,$2'0- 18#%&,$12+,- #('/,2 )%$*+,2'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    92/174

    77

    0,:F:'6%).2105G*+,.$?'02#'/,E1*+*+120,:.2,/%0*10.%.2(6#$'/*1/,-%0*+,

    2*$,,*2*+,.2,$5$%.#'/+1,&,2*%%#,0.#*+,1$%:02#'/,*+$%.5+F10)1(*$'*105G*%

    *+,F2#'/,2%)*+,2*$'*,56G

    0)1( *$'*1%0 12 *% /$%22 %#,0 *+, :'6 10*$%-./, 10*% ' 2#'/, '(( '$,'/*1%02 8%$, *+'0 18'5,2 %$ ,2*'?(12+,- /%0)15.$'*1%02 *% %)),$ .2 '-1)),$,0*/%0/,#*%)2#'/,=%$'(,2,*'#%(12!!SS"A>

    +, 2#'/,2 %) 101?'$ '$, #$%-./,- :1*+10 *+, 2#'/, %) *+, '.*+%$1*6 +, ( 181*

    2,#'$'*105*+,8120%*/(,'$N6,*%0,125,0,$'*,-102#1*,*+,%*+,$101?'$F*,2*2G*+,

    (181*2'0-$,5.('*1%02%)*+,,2*'?(12+,-2#'/,10#+621/'(2%/1'('0-(,5'(*,$82?.*

    -%,20%*'/*.'((6?$,'

    %./'.(* -12/.22,2 *+, /%0/,#* %) F*$'025$,221%0G %0 *+, 122., %) 2,D.'(1*6 6,* *+,

    /%0/,#*%#,02.#0,:?%.0-'$1,2)%$*+,-12/.221%0%)8'068'$510'(#$'/*1/,2N1*

    10*$%-./,2*+,F.0-,)10,-G4%0,%0:+1/+*+,2,#$'/*1/,2'$,,D,$/12,-

    $'025$,22 1%012'0'/*1%0:+1/+10&%(&,2*+,(181* *+'*0'$$%:4%0,%)'

    (10,:+,$,1*-12#('62*+,)('2+%)1*2#'22'5,?.*#,$+'#2'(2%1*2,0*1$,*$'O,/*%$6 ,&,0 1*2 %$1510N 1* 12 ( 1 $'025$,22 1%0 / (' 182 0%*+105 0,5'* 1&,

    =%./'.(*ACPPSB>101?'$10/(.-,20%'/*%)*+12

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    93/174

    78

    $'025$,221%0-%,20%*2,,2#'/,%#,0.#%)'2#'/,5,0,$'*105/$1*17.,'0--1)),$,0/,2=%$%0!!S'>

    %#.*10'-1)),$,0*:'6*+,'/*%)101?'$*+,*'/*1/'(%#,$'*1%0%)*+,.$?'0.2,$

    5$%.#12F*$'025$,221&,G10*+,:'61**,2*2*+,(181*2%)*+,18#%2,-F%$-,$G10*+,:'6

    1*F10)1(*$'*,2G10*%1*'0-102,$*2'-1)),$,0*%$-,$10*%1*

    +$%.5+*+12'(*,$0'*1&,%$-,$*+,101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2*$6*%#,$)%$8*+,1$#$'/*1/,10

    %$-,$*% $,'/+*+, -,21$,- F(,12.$, 2#'/,G +,6 -%0%* 0,,- '06 (,5'(?'2,R '06

    )%$8'(5$%.0-)%$ /%0*10.105 *+,1$ #$'/*1/,+,6/$,'*,*+,1$%:0%$-,$?6 #.2+105

    ?'/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    94/174

    79

    +,$1&'($6$,('*1%02?,*:,,0*+,-1)),$,0*.2,$2%)*+,.$?'0,0&1$%08,0*/%02*1*.*,

    :+'*120'8,-'2*+,F#%:,$#('6GBQ10*+122*.-6+,2,$,('*1%0210/(.-,*+,2*$.55(,

    ?,*:,,0-1)),$,0*.2,$5$%.#2*+,F*$'025$,221&,G#$'/*1/,2%)%0,'0-*+,-,),021&,

    #$,&,0*1%02%)'0%*+,$*+,'##$,/1'*1%0%)%0,%*+,$%$$,'/*1%02*%%0,'0%*+,$

    +,#%:,$#('6120%(%05,$?,*:,,0*+,2*'*,R*+,'.*+%$1*6'0-*+,/1*14,02E1*+10*+122,*%)$,('*1%02*+,2*'*,/'00%(%05,$-,)10,'0-2,**+,/%-,2%).2105*+,

    ,0&1$%08,0*:+1/+12#('00,--,2150,-/%02*$./*,-?61*+,'(*,$0'*1&,2#'/,12

    0%* 0,/,22'$1(6 '//,#*,- '0- 2.##%$*,- ?6 '(( .2,$2 %02,7.,0*(6 *+12 #%221?(,

    .0/%0)%$81*6101*1'*,2*,021%02'8%05*+, .2,$2%) *+,2#'/, +.2*+, #%:,$#('6

    *+'*10)(.,0/,2*+,)%$8'*1%0'0-$,-,)101*1%0%)*+,.$?'02#'/,12$'*+,$?,*:,,0

    *+,-:,((,$2'0-*+,.2,$2%)*+,(%/'(1*6

    0 *+'* #%:,$ #('6 (':2 '0- $,5.('*1%02 2*'$**% (%2, *+,1$&'(1-1*6N *+,6 '$, %0(6

    $,),$$,-*%)$%8*18,*%*18,+,,D12*105/%-,2%)*+,.$?'02#'/,'$,*$'025$,22,-

    ?6%0,5$%.#%).2,$:+1(,-,),0-,-?6*+,%*+,$26*$'025$,22105*+,.$?'02#'/,

    *+,0,:.2,$5$%.#*$1,2*%%#,01*2%:02#'/,10*+,/1*6*+$%.5+*+,'/*%)#.2+105

    ?'/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    95/174

    80

    * *+' * #%10* *+, $,('*1%0 %) 101?'$ '2 ' 2#'/, '0- '2 ' /%( (,/*1& 1*6 :1*+ *+,

    0,15+?%.$+%%- '0- *+, %*+,$ .2,$ %) *+, '$,' 12 '18,- *% ?, 10&,2*15'*,- +,

    10&,2*15'*1%0 %) *+, $,('*1%0 :1*+ *+, %*+,$ .2,$2 /%8#$12,2 *+, #'22,$2?6, *+,

    0,15+?%.$+%%-$,21-,0*2'0-*+,-1)),$,0*2+%#%:0,$2+1210&,2*15'*1%0#$%&1-,-'

    2,(),&'(.'*1%0 8'-, ?6 *+, #'$*1/1#'0*2 %0 *+,1$ '/*2 '0- *+, ,D#(%$'*1%0 %) *+,

    2*$.55(,2'0-*+,F#%:,$#('6G*'%2*%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2

    2+'$, *+,1$ ,D#,$1,0/,2 '0- *+,1$ ),,(1052 '?%.* *+, 2.$#$12, '0- -12*.$?'0/, *+,

    #'22,$2?6,$,/,1&,'$*1/1#'0*2-,/('$,*+'**+,#'22,$2?6,-%0%*$,'/*8./+?.*

    *+'**+,6/'0),,(*+'*8%2*%)*+,#'22,$2?6,),,(102,/.$,?,/'.2,%)*+,101?'$/$%:-'0-*+'*2%8,*18,2%(-#,%#(,#'$,0*2:1*+/+1(-$,0/+'05,*+,1$:'6'0-

    '&%1-#'22105*+$%.5+*+,/$%:-,-101?'$4%0,210*+,2*$,,*

    +,6-%0G*2 *'$,:+,0 *+,6#'22*+$%.5+-.(*2 *$6 *%

    BCJ6(,590-94&'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    96/174

    81

    * *+'* #%10* *+, #$,2,0/, %) 101?'$ 10) (.,0/, *+, 2+%# %:0,$2 +%#2 0,'$:+1/+

    *+,101?'$/$%:-5'*+,$/%8#('10+,$,'$,*:%,D/,#*1%0210*+12122.,1$2*12*+,

    5$%/,$62+%#:+1/+#$%&1-,2*+,?,&,$'5,2%)101?'$+,$,12' -1)),$,0*$,('*1%0

    '0-/%88.01/'*1%0?,*:,,0*+,5$%/,$62+%#'0-101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2$%/,$62+%# T

    +'2'?,0,)1/1'(#%21*1%0,/'.2,1*12*+,%0(62%.$/,:+1/+2'*12)1,2*+,-,8'0-%)

    101?'$+,0/,+'&105,/%0%81/?,0,)1*,/%0-'$,*+,/'),%:0,$2

    +, /%8#.*,$2+%#%&,$ *+,$, +, 120%* /%8)%$*'?(, +,* $1,2*% 5,* $ 1-%)*+,6%.05#,%#(,*+,$,%?%-6+'052%.*+,$,'0-?.62'/%8#.*,$0(6 *+, *:% 8,0 '$, (%&,- 1* 12 ?,/'.2, *+,6 2,( ( -$10

    *+,$2+%#%:0,$2/%8#('10'?%.*101?'$0,%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2:+%'(:'62*$1,2

    *%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    97/174

    82

    *+,2*$,,*12/$%:-,-1*128%$,'**$'/*1&,1*12*+,2'8,*+105+,$,TT=?!P>

    %$,%&,$1*120,/,22'$6*%,8#+'214,*+'*101?'$-%,20%*'18*%2*'0-'5'102**+,

    /'),2'0-?'$26,*1*%?*'10,-1*2'(*,$0'*1&,#%21*1%0'8%05*+,80'--1*1%08%2*%)

    *+, 101?'$ #'$*1/1#'0*2 '$, '(2% *+, /(1,0*2 %)*+, /'),2'0- ?'$2 '$%.0- %$ *+,

    -12*$ 1/* 10 5,0,$'( *+, *:% 101?'$ '0- %*+,$ )%$8'( (,12.$, #('/,2 /%,D12* 10

    +'$8%06

    :'2:'(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    98/174

    83

    %12,/'0?,%0,%)*+, )'/*%$2 ?,/'.2,#,%#(,8'6 ('.5+ (%.-(610*+,81--(,%)*+,015+*TQ=?!>

    +,-12/%8)%$*%)*+,$,21-,0*212/'.2,-?6*+,10)%$8'(.0/%0*$%(('?(,'/*%)101?'$

    0,'$ *+,1$ +%.2,2 :+1/+ *$,2#'22,2 *+,1$ *,$$1*%$6 *,8#%$'$1(6 '0- :+1/+ F*%./+,2G

    *+,1$ ( 1&,2 10 -1) ),$,0* :'62 0 *+, %#101%0 '0- ,D#,$ 1,0/, %) 2%8, 101?'$

    #'$*1/1#'0*2*+,$,21-,0*2'$,8'10(6-12*.$?,-?6*+,#$,2,0/,%)'/$%:-'0-*+,6

    ),,(102,/.$,)$%81*2G/(%2,0,22*%*+,1$(1&105,0&1$%08,0*

    +, 101?'$ #'$*1/1#'0*2

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    99/174

    84

    15.$,"A!RAA101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    $%8-1)),$,0*,D#,$1,0/,2'0-2*%$1,2:,+'&,?,,0*%(-1*/'0?,.0-,$2*%%-*+'*

    *+,1$F/%.0*,$%#,$'*1%0G10/(.-,'&'$1,*6%)8,*+%-2)$%88'

    +$%.5+8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    100/174

    85

    %*+,$#$,/'.*1%0210%$-,$*%+10-,$'0-,D#,(101?'$5'*+,$1052+,2,#$,&,0*1&,

    '0--,),021&,'/*2%)*+,$,21-,0*2'$,'(2%*+,8,'02%),D#$,22105*+,-12/%0*,0*

    15.$,"ARAS101?'$'0(*'6=!!R!!S>

    *'(2%8,'02F:,+'&,'$,'/*1%0*%*+12%./%8,'0-21*+,$,?.*:,'$,0%*2.##%$*1056%.G2%8,*+105(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    101/174

    86

    %8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    102/174

    87

    ?!QR$%:--12#,$2,`

    ?!CR'0-10'&,$610*,$,2*105:'6*+,#%(1/,/%8,,D#,(#,%#(,)$%8*+,$,'0-*+%2,#,%#(,5%2%8,:+,$,,(2,

    ?!QR+,0*+,6/%8,?'/

    PP?!QR5,0@(,$-'M;(;0`?!CR&,6'01,0*,$,2'0L,

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    103/174

    88

    % (1/,G2 :'$01052'$,).00610':'6 0%*+,$#('/,2%$1)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2:,$,-1)),$,0**+,21*.'*1%0:1((?,7.1*,-1)),$,0*.*'8%05*+,/+1(-$,0*+,$, '$, *+%2, :+%2, 8%*+,$2 '0- )'*+,$2 '$, 10 $,'( -12*105.12+,-#%21*1%02 +,$,'$, /+1(-$,0%) -,#.*1,2 %$ %) '**%$0,62 +,$, '$, '((

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    104/174

    89

    :,((':'$,*+'**+,6-12*.$?*+%2,:+%(1&,10*+,0,15+?%.$+%%-'$*1/1#'0*22,,0%

    +'$810*+,1$#$'/*1/,'0-*+,6-%0%*51&,.#)$%8#,$)%$8105*+,1$#$'/*1/,

    2#,/1'((6 *+,)%$8,$#'$*1/1#'0*2,D#$,22*+'*101?'$ $,#$,2,0*2 '2%(.*1%0)%$ *+,

    /%0-1*1%0*+,6'$,10'0-*+'**+,6+'&,/%021-,$'?(,$,'2%02108'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    105/174

    90

    ?A!R%)/%.$2,*+,$,12-1$*?,21-,*+,,D/$,8,0*2N*+,6:'$0.2'?%.*/%((,/*105%.$2:,,#1052

    ?AARE,'$,')$1,0-5$%.#:+%2#,0-'**,0*1%0*%*+,(,)*%&,$2

    ?A!R,2:,'(:'62/%((,/*%.$5'$?'5,Q

    %./+'05,2%8,#('/,'0-*.$0 1* 10*% 2%8,#('/,0,: +128'62,,8(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    106/174

    91

    E,'$,*+, %0(6%0,2:+%'$,2,021* 1&,*%*+,,0&1$%08,0*5.,22%.*'

    E, '$, (1

    0*+,%*+,$+'0-*+,$,12%0,%*+,$8,-1.810-,#,0-,0*)$%8101?'$:+1/++,(#2

    2%(&105*+,#$%?(,8%)*+,(,)*%&,$2+,/1*61*2,()12#$%-./10510)%$8'(.0#('00,-

    .0#$,-1/*,- 2%(.*1%02 *% 2181('$ .0,D#,/*,- -'1(6 #$%?(,82 101?'$ (,)*%&,$ '$,

    /(,'0,-.#)$%8*+,2*$,,*2?6*+,2,()%$5'012'*1%0%)5'$?'5,F$.88'5,$2G=?%**(,%$

    #'#,$/%((,/*%$2>'0-*+,*$'/,2%)101?'$'$,,$'2,-)$%8*+,2*$,,*2/'#,2+%:105

    *+'*-'1(6810%$#$%?(,828'6-12'##,'$(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    107/174

    92

    +122*$1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    108/174

    93

    12 ( 12*,0,- *% +, ?,/%8,2 2'*12)1,- )%$ *+, 8%8,0* '0- (,'&,2 +,08'6?,')*,$':+1(,2%8,?%-6,(2,/%8,2*%*+,(%/'*1%0CS=?!S>

    +12 $,2#%0- %) *+, 101?'$ #'$*1/1#'0*2 ,0- 101?'$ )%$ *+, 015+* +, $,21-,0*2

    ?,/%8, /%8)%$*,- :1*+ *+, 2.//,22 %)-$1&105 ':'6 *+, 101?'$ 5$%.#2 ,1*+,$ ?6

    *+,82,(&,2%$?6*+,'$$1&'(%)*+,#%(1/,#'*$%(2*%*+,21*,%:,&,$')*,$':+1(,

    *+,2'8,%$%*+,$5$%.#2150%$'0*%):+'*+'##,0,-8'6/%8,*%*+,(%/'*1%0'0-

    2*'$*101?'$ '0,: +12 8%&,8,0* %)(%/'*1%0 #$,#'$,2 *+, 5$%.0-2 %)101?'$G 2

    2.//,221%0

    * 12 #$,&1%.2(6 -12/.22,- *+'* *+, 2#'/, $,-,)10,- ?6 *+, 101?'$ #$'/*1/, 12 '0

    .02*'?(,2#'/,:1*+10-,)101*,?%.0-'$1,2+,/$,'*1%0%)*+122#'/,1210-,#,0-,0*

    )$%81*2(%/'*1%0+12#,/.(1'$1*651&,2*+,.2,$2%)*+,2#'/,*+,#%221?1(1*6*%$,/,-,

    :+,0*+,6(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    109/174

    94

    "" U

    %021-,$105101?'$ '2 '0 .$?'0 2#'/, $,-,)10,- ?6*+, /1*6 10+'?1*'0* *+, 8'10

    7.,2*1%02 *+'* +'2 ?,,0 10&,2*15'*,- :,$, +%: *+,2, 2#'/,2 '$, /$,'*,- ?6 *+,

    10+'?1*'0*2:+'**+,1$/+'$'/*,$12*1/2'$,:+1/+8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    110/174

    95

    %)6%.05#,%#(,100%06%.*+/.(*.$,2 2.55,2*2 *+'* *+,6

    10/(.-,105,0,$'(*,$821-,0*1*6,D#$,221%02-,8%02*$'*1%0%)'2,02,%)?,(%05105

    '0-2#'*1'(-$':105%)?%.0-'$1,2=./+8'00'!!>10/,*+,AC!2F6%.*+G+'2

    ?,,0-12*105.12+,-'2'-12*10/*1&,/.(*.$'(#$'/*1/,=./+8'00'!!>

    0*+,AC!22/1,0*1)1/2*.-1,2'?%.*6%.*+?,+'&1%.$'$,/'$$1,-%.*.0-,$*+,)1,(-2

    %) 2%/1%(%56 '0- /$1810%(%56 +,2, 2*.-1,2 )%/.2,- %0 :+'* +'2 ?,,0 0'8,- '2

    O.&,01(,2*$,,*5'052%)*+,8,$1/'0-%:0*%:0 0+1/'5%8'06F5'052 G'$,8'-,

    2.?O,/* *% *+,2, 2*.-1,2 '0- *+, 8%2* 18#%$*'0* ,D'8#(, 12 +, *$,,* %$0,$

    %/1,*6:$1**,0?6E1((1'8E+6*,=ACBB>+,0%&,(*6?$%.5+*?6*+,2,2*.-1,2*%

    *+, 2%/1'( 2/1,0/,2 12 *+, F#'$*1/1#'0* %?2,$&'*1%0 8,*+%-G =,?-15, ACPC> +,

    O.&,01(, 2*$,,* 5'052 $,&,'( 2181('$ %.*(%%

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    111/174

    96

    .0-,$'/+1,&,-'*2/+%%('0-*+,6-,&,(%#2%8,

    +,2,2*.-1,2)%/.2%0*+,*$'021*1%0%)6%.05#,%#(,*%'-.(*+%%-'0-,D#('106%.*+?,+'&1%.$2'0-/.(*.$,210$,('*1%0*%2./+'#,$1%-%)*$'021*1%0%.*+F2.?/.(*.$,2G

    '$,*+,$,)%$,,D#('10,-'2+'&105'$%(,10*+,*$'021*1%0*%'-.(*+%%-+,$,+'&,

    -,&,(%#,-*:%8'O%$'##$%'/+,2%0*+12*$'021*%$6$%(,'//%$-105*%*+,,D#('0'*1%02

    %)./+8'00'+,)1$2*'##$%'/+12*+,F2*$./*.$'().0/*1%0'(*+,%$6G//%$-105*%*+,

    :%$

    +,2, F#,,$ 5$%.#2G).0/*1%0 '2' (10+,)%$8'*1%0%)'5,0,$'*1%0*'%$,

    18#%$*'0**+,0*+,1$$%(,21*120,/,22'$6*%8,0*1%0*+'**+,$,#$,&'1(2'0,5'*1&,

    '**1*.-,*%:'$-26%.05#,%#(,10*+,,'$(62*.-1,2%)6%.*+/.(*.$,

    +,'?1-10518'5,%)6%.05#,%#(,10.$?'0,0&1$%08,0*212#,$+'#2*+'*%)*+,$,?,((1%.2'0-#%*,0*1'((6-'05,$%.2*$%.?(,8' *,0-,0/6 %0 *+, #'$* %) *+,

    (1*,$'*.$,*% #%$*$'66%.05#,%#(,10' 0,5'*1&,(15+*=1(,2!!!TB>$1,)(6*+,

    '##$%'/+%)*+12*$'-1*1%012(181*,-102/%#,(181*,-101*210&,2*15'*1%02'?%.*6%.*+

    /.(*.$,'0-'/*2=*+12:1((?,*+,.2,%)*+,.$?'02#'/,)%$*+,,('?%$'*,-/'2,>'0-1*

    12102.))1/1,0*)%$.0-,$2*'0-105*+,/%0*,8#%$'$62%/1,*6

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    112/174

    97

    0*+,ACT!2'0-*+,P!210$1*'10+,)%/.2%)6%.*+/.(*.$'(2*.-1,22*'$*,-*%2+1)*

    )$%8 *+, %##%21*1%0 %) 6%.*+ '5'102* '-.(* /.(*.$, *%:'$-2 2%/1'( 10,7.'(1*1,2 '0-

    %##%21*1%02=./+8'00'!!>'0- *+,8%2*10&,2*15'*,-2.?O,/*:'2*+,:%$

    1$8105+'8*+, ,8#+'212%0 *+,/%0/,#* %)F.?/.(*.$,G)%$*+, .0-,$2*'0-105%)

    O.&,01(,/.( *.$,2 10/$,'2,-+,-12* 10/*1%0%)6%.*+ '2 '-1) ),$,0*/.( *.$'(#$'/*1/, 12

    0% (%05,$ ,D#('10,--., *% '5, %$ 5,0,$'*1%02 %0(6N ?.*'--1*1%0'((6 -.,*% F2%/1'(

    10,7.'(1*6G'0-F/('222,5$,5'*1%0G+,2,2*.-1,2*%%

    )*,$ *+, ACB!2 :, 2,, *+'* 6%.*+ /.( *.$'( 2*.-1,2 +'&, 2*'$*,- *% -,&,(%# '0-

    #$%&1-,- ' :1-,$ .0-,$2*'0-105 '?%.* *+, -1&,$5,0* '/*2 '0- ?,+'&1%.$2 %) 6%.05

    #,%#(,+,#$%&1-,-,D#('0'*1%02$,('*,2:1*+2%/1'(/%0-1*1%02'0-2%/1'(#$%/,22,2

    :+1/+10)(.,0/,*+,6%.*+'0-*+,2%/1,*6105,0,$'(,?-15,,D#('102*+'*F21501)1/'0*

    6%.*+ /.(*.$,2G +'&, -,&,(%#,- '2 #'$* %) *+, ,8,$5,0/, %) :%$

    %.05 #,%#(, +'&, ,D#$,22,- *+,82,(&,2 -1) ),$,0* *+'0 *+, )%$8,$(6 )%$8.('*,-

    )%$82 ?6 '-'#*105 '(*,$0'*1&, F2.?/.(*.$,2G $,/,0* -,)101*1%0 %) *+, :%$- 2.?

    /.(*.$,7.%*,-)$%8,*,$$%%'2':+%(,:'6%)(1&105%)2%/1,*1,2181('$(6F2.?/.(*.$,2G

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    113/174

    98

    $,#$,2,0*'#'$*1/.('$:'6%)(1&105'0-'/*105:+1/+122+'$,-?6'28'((,$5$%.#%)

    #,%#(,*+$%.5+/%88%0#$'/*1/,2$,#$,2,0*'*1%02'0-'2+'$,-F2*6(,G+,:%$10*+,2'8,#,$1%-7.,2*1%02+%:/('222#,/1)1/,D#,$1,0/,2'$,

    ,0/%-,-10 (,12.$,2*6(,2%+,010&,2*15'*,2 *+,+1--,08,'0105%) 2*6(,:+1/++,

    ,D#('102'2*+,#+621/'(,D#$,221%0'0-#$'/*1/,%)-1)),$,0/,2=,?-15,ACCC""">

    % 51&, ' ?$1,) '//%.0* %) *+, /+'05105 '##$%'/+ 10 *+, $1*12+ .(*.$'( *.-1,2

    =/%0-./*,-10>6%.*+2.?/.(*.$,5$%.#2'$,0%(%05,$-,2/$1?,-'2*+$,'*,0105

    F5'052G%)'-%(,2/,0*2 '0-*+,$, 120%-,&1'0/6'0-812(,'-'(%0,10*+,'/*2%)6%.05

    #,%#(,'0-10*+,F/.(*.$,2G*+,6/$,'*,0*+,/%0*$'$6*+,6'$,-12/.22,-'25$%.#2

    %)6%.05#,%#(,+'&105/%88%0%.*(%%-,2/$1?,21*'2*+,

    ,D#$,221&,'0-',2*+,*1/#$,2,0*'*1%0%)%0,G21-,0*1*6'0-2%/1'(?,(%05105G*12*+,

    8,'0 ?6 :+1/+ *+, #$%?(,82 '0- /%0*$'-1/*1%02 %) F'-.(*G /.(*.$,2 12 ,D#$,22,-

    268?%(1/'((6 =./+8'00' !!> //%$-105 *% *+, :%$

    +'((,05, *% +,5,8%06 :+1/+ 2.?/.(*.$,2 $,#$,2,0* 12 0%* 122.,--1$,/*(6?6*+,8N$'*+,$1*12,D#$,22,-%?(17.,(6?6F2*6(,G?O,/*1%02'0-/%0*$'-1/*1%02 '$, -12#('6,- '* *+, F#$%)%.0-(6 2.#,$)1/1'( G (,&,( %)'##,'$'0/,2*+,(,&,(%)21502=,?-15,ACPCAC>

    ,?-15, 2.55,2*2 *+'* *,021%02 ?,*:,,0 -%810'0* '0- 2.?%$-10'*, 5$%.#2 12

    $,)(,/*,-10*+,2.$)'/,2%)2.?/.(*.$,10*+,2*6(,28'-,.#%)8.0-'0,%?O,/*2

    :+1/+ +'&, -%.?(, 8,'0105 =,?-15, ACPC> +,2, %?O,/*2 +'&, ' 2*$'15+*

    8,'010510*+,F2*$'15+*G:%$(-10*+,#$,2,0/,%)-1)),$,0/,2+,0*+,2,%?O,/*2

    CB.%*,-)$%8,?-15,ACCCCT2+%$*,D#('0'*1%0'?%.*F,5,8%0612#$%&1-,-?6Y%+0*%$,6'2+,/%0-1*1%010:+1/+'-%810'0*/('220%*$.(,2?.*(,'-2*+,2%/1,*6*+$%.5+*+,,D,$/12,%)8%$'('0-10*,((,/*.'((,'-,$2+1#=*%$,6ACCQA">,5,8%0612'#%10*%)/%02,02.210:+1/+*+,10*,$,2*%)*+,#%:,$).(5$%.#+'-?,,0.01&,$2'(12,-'2*+,10*,$,2*%)*+,2%/1,*6'2':+%(,%02,02.212'/+1,&,-*+$%.5+F0,5%*1'*1%02G*'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    114/174

    99

    8'6 ?,/%8, 21502 %) )%$?1--,0 1-,0*1*6 2%.$/,2 %) &'(., 10 *+, 268?%(1/ 2,02,

    =,?-15,ACPCS>

    .?/.(*.$,2 '-'#* 18'5,2 2*6(,2 '0- 1-,%(%51,2 8'-, '&'1('?(, ,(2,:+,$, 10 *+,

    8,-1')%$,D'8#(,10%$-,$*%/%02*$./*'0'(*,$0'*1&,1-,0*1*6:+1/+/%88.01/'*,2'

    #,$/,1&,--1)),$,0/,'0%*+,$0,22+,F2*6(,2G*+'*'$,''22%/1'*,-*%2.?/.(*.$,28'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    115/174

    100

    /+'05,2:+,*+,$0'8,-'2#%2*8%-,$01*6%$-1)),$,0*(6'$,'2'8'**,$%))'/**+,

    %.*/%8, %) ' :+%(, 2,$1,2 %) /%8#(,D ,/%0%81/ #%(1* 1/'( 2%/ 1'( '0- /.( *.$'(

    #$%/,22,2='((NACC!Q">

    18'((-,#1/*2&,$62+%$*(6*+,/+'051052%/1'(,/%0%81//.(*.$'(/%0-1*1%02%)*+,

    #%2*8%-,$0 *.$0 '2 )%((%:2 /%0%81/'((6N *+, 10-.2*$1'( 8'22 #$%-./*1%0 ?'2,-F,/%0%81,2 %) 2/' (,G %) ,'$(1,$ *18,2 (,) * *+,1$ #('/, *% F,/%0%81,2 %) 2/%#,G

    /+'$'/*,$14,- ?6 )(,D1?(, #$%-./*1%08,*+%-2'18105'* 2#,/1'(14,- F01/+,G8'$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    116/174

    101

    +%8%5,0%.210*+,$,#$,2,0*'*1%0%)*+121-,0*1*6*+$%.5+2*6(,2=.55(,*%0!!!

    B>

    0*+, %*+,$21-,#%2*8%-,$0 2.?/.(*.$,2'$,/%8#%2,- %))$'58,0*,-1-,0*1*1,2

    *+'*'$,+,*,$%5,0,%.210*+,1$2*6(12*1/$,#$,2,0*'*1%0208%-,$02.?/.(*.$,2%0,

    8'10 1-,0*1*6 :1*+ 2*$%05(6 2+'$,- ?,( 1,)2 '0- &'(.,2 /$,'*,2 +15+ -,5$,,2 %)/%881*8,0*#,$8'0,0*8,8?,$2+1#2'0-(%:$'*,2%)8%?1(1*6?,*:,,02.?/.(*.$,2N

    10 #%2*8%-,$0 2.?/.(*.$,2 /%02*$./*,- '$%.0- '8.(*1#(1/1*6 %) 2*6(12*1/ 1-,0*1*1,2

    *+,$,12(%:-,5$,,2%)/%881*8,0**$'021,0*'**'/+8,0*2'0-+15+$'*,2%)8%?1(1*6

    =.55(,*%0!!!B>//%$-105*%.55(,*%0:+1(,'F#%(1*1/'(5,2*.$,%)$,212*'0/,G

    /'0 ?, -12/%&,$,- 10 *+, F2#,/*'/.('$ 2.?/.(*.$,2G 10 /%0*,8#%$'$6 2.?/.(*.$,2

    8,$,(6 F'#%(1*1/'( 2,0*18,0*2G /'0 ?, )%.0- =.55(,*%0 !!! B> +12 '#%(1*1/'(

    2*'0/, 10 *+, ('**,$ 2.?/.(*.$'( )%$82 %) 1-,0*1)1/'*1%0 12 $,('*,- *% *+, 10/$,'2105

    /%88%-1)1/'*1%0:+1/+*'

    0*+,+12*%$6%) )'2+1%0'2$,:'$-,D#('102/(%*+105+'2'(:'62?,,0'8,'0)%$

    2,()1-,0*1)1/'*1%0,0/,)%$*+*+,)1,(-%)/(%*+105?,/'8,%0,%)*+,&,$618#%$*'0*

    8,'02 %) '22,$* 105 -12*10/*1&,0,22 '2 0%D -$':2 '**,0*1%0 *% *+, :%$-2 %)

    '6,$%:1*4 =ACCS> 10 ' )$'58,0*,- +,*,$%5,0,%.2 /%02.8,$12* 2%/1,*6 (%*+105

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    117/174

    102

    :+1/+ 12 '(2% /%021-,$,- '2 *+, 8%2* 21501)1/'0* 8,'0 %) 2.?/.(*.$'( '0- 2*6(12+

    $,#$,2,0*'*1%0 +'2 ?,,0 10&'-,- ?6 *+, $'#1-(6 /+'05105 )'2+1%0 *$,0-2 0 *+,

    ?,5100105%)*+,A2*/,0*.$6*+,2,)'2+1%0*$,0-2,D#(%1*,-8'06*18,2%&,$'0-

    %&,$'5'10*+,8'*,$1'(F2#,/*'/.('$2.?/.(*.$,2G#$%&1-,-'0-*+,$,)%$,,8#*1,-%.*

    *+,1$ #$,2.8,- $,212*'0* '**1*.-, '0- 8,'01052 $,:'$- ,D#('102 *+, 21*.'*1%0

    *+$%.5+51&105#.0

    * 12 0% (%05,$ #%221?(, *% ?, 2.$, %) *+, $,212*'0* '**1*.-, ,D12*105 10 *+, F2*6(,2G

    '##$%#$1'*,-?6 6%.05#,%#(,21(,28,0*1%02:1*+10' 5,0,$'(&1,:F*+,2'),*6

    0,*%)6%.05#,%#(,+'-?,/'8,/%02.8#*1%0G'(%0,'0-*+1210$,*.$0F$,10)%$/,%0(6

    *+, 1-,%(%51/'( .0-,$#1001052 %) *+, 8'$ (*+%.5+ *+, ).((

    &'(1-1*6%)1(,2G2'##$%'/+12-12/.221?(,*+,100%/,0/,10,?-15,G2'22,$*1%0'?%.*

    *+,F'##$%#$1'*1%0%) /%88%-1*1,2?6 2.?/.(*.$,210 .010*,0-,-:'62G ?,/'8,'(2%

    7.,2*1%0'?(,)%$*+,/%0*,8#%$'$62%/1,*6+12'8?15.1*6%)8,'0105210+,$,-10*+,

    %?2,$&,-2*6(,2'0-2.?/.(*.$,2%)*%-'6'$,/'.2,-?6*+,'?%&,8,0*1%0,-F$,

    10*,$#$,*'*1%0G %$ %&,$10*,$#$,*'*1%0 8'0'5,- ?6 *+, )'2+1%0 *$,0-2 :+1/+ '$,

    8'01#.('*,-?6*+,8'$

    0 *+, %*+,$ +'0-*+, F1-,0*1*6 &'(.,G *+,2, /%88%-1*1,2 +'&, '#'$*)$%8 +'&105

    218#(6%$#$18'$1(6F.2,&'(.,2G2+%.(-0%*?,*%*'((60,5(,/*,-'2-.'6,8#+'214,2

    -,#,0-105%0'.-$1(('$-G2/%88,0*2=-.'6ACCTQ>0$,('*1%0-.'6'22,$*2

    *+'**+,/%02.8#*1%0%)5%%-21218#%$*'0*0%*2%8./+)%$*+,10*$1021/2'*12)'/*1%01*

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    118/174

    103

    815+*5,0,$'*,?.*)%$*+,:'610:+1/+1*).0/*1%02*%8'$10*+,:'6,?-15,'22,$*2N?.*8%$,%$1,0*,-?6*+,$,#$,2,0*'*1%0%)/%02.8#*1%0?'2,-F(1),2*6(,2G

    ,*+,$ 105*%0 =ACCQ> 8,0* 1%02 *+'* F/%02.8#* 1%0 G 12 /%02 1-,$,- :1*+ 10 *+,

    /%0*,8#%$'$62%/1%(%51/'(2*.-1,2'2*+,#$18'$610-1/'*%$%)*+,/+'051052%/1,*6%)

    '2+1)*)$%88%-,$0*%'F#%2*8%-,$0:%$(-G,*+,$105*%0,D#('1021010*$%-./105+12

    :%$

    +%2,)%$82%)F/%.0*,$/.(*.$,2G=,*+,$105*%0ACCQ>N)%$102*'0/,(1

    ,*+,$105*%0 2*$%05(6 .0-,$(10,2 *+'* -,2#1*, *+, 5$%:105 )%/.2 %0 /%02.8#*1%0

    *+%2,F/%.0*,$/.(*.$,G(1),2*6(,2*'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    119/174

    104

    10'((6,*+,$105*%0 2.55,2*2 '8%$,/%8#(,D'0-:1-,$'##$%'/+:+1/+-%,20%*

    (181* *+, ,D#$,221%0 %) *+%2, /%.0*,$ /.(*.$,2 0,1*+,$ :1*+ /%02.8#*1%0 0%$ :1*+

    #%(1*1/'( /%0/,$02 '(%0,N ?.*:+1/+12 *%.0-,$2*'0- *+%2, '2F,D#$,221&,1-,0*1*1,2G

    '0-*% *'

    0,10)(.,0/105)'/*%$10*+12$,2#,/*12*+,F?(.$$,-?%.0-'$1,2G?,*:,,0*+,8'$510

    '0-*+,8'102*$,'80,%*+,$12'2,*+,$105*%0,D#('102-,#,0-105%0*+,:%$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    120/174

    105

    ,(,/*1&,'))101*6+12'))101*6+'28%$,*%-%:1*+,D#$,221&128*+'0:1*+,1*+,$/%02.8#*1%0%$#%(1*1/2=,*+,$105*%0ACCQT>

    ,*+,$ 105*%0 '22,$ *2 *+'* 1-,0* 1*6 2*'0-2 *%-'6 10 ' F/%8#(,D *%#%(%56G '

    +,*,$%5,0,%.2)%(-,-#'$'-%D1/'( '0-/$.8#(,- 2#'/, 10:+1/+ ' -12*10/* 2105.('$

    #%21*1%0120%*#%221?(,=,*+,$105*%0ACCQS>//%$-105(6*%-'6*+,$,120%/(,'$

    -,)101*1%0 '0- 0% ,'26 ,&'(.'*1%0 %) 1-,0*1*1,2 '0- %) :+'* *+,6 ,D#$,22N $'*+,$

    1-,0*1* 1,2 '$, '( ( '?%.* 8.(*1#(, (%/'*1%0 '0- #,$)%$8'*1&1*6 %0 *+'* (%/'*1%0

    =,*+,$105*%0ACCQS>

    '/,/('225,0-,$'$,'((21501)1/'0*21*,210*+,*%#%(%56%)1-,0*1*6?.*2%*%% '$,(1),2*6(,/+%1/,2'(*,$0'*1&,'0-,D#,$18,0*'(:'62%)(1&105+,*%#%(%56%)1-,0*1*612%0,*+,$,'$,(%/'(#%21*1%02%)/,0*$'(1*6'0-8'$510'(1*6?.*0%/(,'$/,0*$,2'0-8'$5102=,*+,$105*%0ACCQQ>

    ""AS U

    +,8.(*1-18,021%0'(/%0/,#*.'(12'*1%0%),*+,$105*%0'?%.*F,D#$,221&,1-,0*1*1,2GN

    1218#%$*'0*:1*+*+,'##$%'/+1*?$1052+1212'0'##$%'/+:+1/+12F/%00%*'*1&,G'0-

    0%*F-,0%*'*1&,G=,*+,$105*%0ACCQ>N*+.2:+1/+/'0*+10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    121/174

    106

    +,'?%&,,D#('10,-#$%/,22,2'0-/+'05,210*+,8,'0105%)F1-,0-1*6G'$,#'$*(6

    ,D#,$1,0/,- 10 9$2%/1'('/*2'0-)%$8'*1%02(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    122/174

    107

    +,2,*1*(,2(,'-*%'812O.-5,8,0*'?%.**+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#'2*+,6,D#$,220

    *+, %*+,$ +'0- 1* 12 0%* #%221?(, *% %?2,$&, '0 '((,0/%8#'22105 2*6(, :1*+10 *+,

    101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2

    %$,18#%$*'0**+'0*+,$,'2%0:+6*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2$,).2,*%?,/'*,5%$12,-.0-,$

    -1)),$,0*1-,0*1*6*1*(,2101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2'$, .01*,-:1*+10*+, #.$2.1*%) '*%*'((6-1)),$,0**+105+,6'$,6%.05#,%#(,)$%82181('$?.*&'$6105*'2*,2F(1),2*6(,2G'0-

    ?'/

    +1212*+,,D#$,221%0%)'2+'$,-0,,-'0--,8'0-+1212*+,8%*1&,?,+10-*+,'/*

    %)101?'$N*+,$,'2%0*+,.$?'02#'/,+'2?,,0F$,-,)10,-G+1212*+,,22,0*1'(

    ,D#$,221%0 :1*+10 *+, 2#'/,2 %) 101?'$ E+'* /%02*1*.*,2 101?'$ 12 *+, (,12.$,

    #$'/*1/, %) ' 5$%.# %) 6%.05 #,%#(, * 12 0%* 0,/,22'$1 (6 10 $,2#%02, *% 2%/1'(

    10,7.'( 1* 1,2 /('22 ?'2,- 2%/1'( #%('$12'*1%02N 1* -%,2 0%* '18 *% 101*1'*, 2%/1'(

    8%&,8,0*2%$*%/+'05,*+,:%$(-21*.'*1%0*12'-'1(6'/*1*%#,$'*,2'0-1*/'0?,

    #,$/,1&,-%0(6'**+'*(,&,(%)/1*6(1),

    +12 12 '?2%(.*,(6 0%* '0 '/* *% ?,(%05 *% ' 2.?/.(*.$, %$ *% ' #.0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    123/174

    108

    ""

    $ 100-F*6(,2G:,$,

    /'$$6105 21502'0- ,D#$,221%02%) *+,2, $,212*'0/,2181('$(6*+, .$?'0#('/,2*+'*

    :,$,%0/,'##$%#$1'*,-*+$%.5+*+,#$'/*1/,%)*+,2,F2.?/.(*.$,G5$%.#2,8?,--,-

    *+,2,$,212*'0/,2'2101?'$-%,2*%-'6

    *1218#%$*'0*'**+'*#%10**%/('$1)6*+,/%0/,#*%)F$,212*'0/,G*+'*12$,),$$,-*%10

    *+122*.-6,/'.2,'21(,-12/.22,210*+,10*$%-./*1%0%),%5$'#+1,2%),212*'0/,

    *+,#$,&'1(105.0-,$2*'0-105%)$,212*'0/,12%0,:+1/+-1$,/*(6$,('*,2*%F#%:,$G'0-

    %##%2,2*%*+,%##$,221&,'0-,D#(%1*'*1&,#$'/*1/,2%)F-%810'0*5$%.#2G=1(,ACCP

    A>

    ,212*'0/,)$%8*+12#,$2#,/*1&,12'?%.*8'228%?1(12'*1%010-,),0/,%)2%8,/%88%010*,$,2*2:+,$,$,212*'0/,12?'21/'((6-,*,$810,-?6*+,'/*1%0*+,2*$1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    124/174

    109

    %:,&,$10,%5$'#+1,2%),212*'0/,*+,'##$%'/+*%F$,212*'0/,G12-1)),$,0*'0-10

    *+12 $,2,'$/+ ' 2 181('$ #,$2#,/*1&, 12 '-'#*,- +12 1-,' %) F $,212*'0/,G 12 0%*

    0,/,22'$1(6 )%$ -,),0-105 /%88%0 10*,$,2*2 )$%8 *+, %##$,221&, '0- ,D#(%1*'*1&,

    #$'/*1/,2%)*+,-%810'0*#%:,$5$%.#2N'0-1*-%,20%*0,/,22'$1(6*'

    +$%.5+%.**+12#,$2#,/*1&,?,0,'*+*+,#$'/*1/,%)101?'$*+,$,,D12*2'$,212*'0*

    '**1*.-,+12$,212*'0*'**1*.-,120%*$,('*,-*%'06

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    125/174

    110

    -12/.22,-*+'**+,#'$*1/1#'0*2%)'2#'*1'('/*-%0%*'-,7.'*,(6#$%&1-,'010-,#*+

    .0-,$2*'0-105 '?%.* *+, /$,'*,- 2#'/, 2 10 *+, /'2, %) 101?'$ *+, #'$*1/1#'0*

    #$%)1(, 8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    126/174

    111

    102*1*.*1%0'( 12,- '0- /'#1*'( 12,- 262*,8 %) 2.##(6N +,0/, *+,$, '$, 0% 18#%2,-

    8.(*1#(1,-#$1/,2

    '

    (*+%.5+ 0% 2#,/1) 1/ 10)%$8'*1%0 %0 *+, 18#'/* %) *+,2, /$12,2 %0 *+, )'81( 1,2 %)

    101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2R81--(,%$+15+10/%8,)'81(1,2'2*+,6+'&,?,,0-,)10,-10*+12

    2*.-6R,D12*2*+,/'2,%)101?'$/'0?,/%021-,$,-*%10/(.-,+10*2%0*+,122.,

    +1218#'/*12'018#%$*'0*)1,(-%)$,2,'$/+)%$*+,,/%0%812*2

    18#(6 1) 6%. 8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    127/174

    112

    0,%*+,$$,'2%0*+'*101?'$#%#.('*1%0#$,),$*%F-%101?'$G$'*+,$*+'05%105%.*

    *%F/(%2,-G#('/,212*+,2%/1'('*8%2#+,$,10101?'$+,10*,$&1,:,,28,0*1%0*+'*

    10101?'$*+,$,,D12*2' 2%/1'(8,-1.8*+'*/'00%*?,)%.0-'06:+,$,,(2,*+'2

    ?,,0 #$,&1%.2(6 8,0*1%0,- *+'* *+, 10*,$&1,:,,2 )10- *+'* 10 101?'$ *+,$, 12 '

    2%/ 1'(14105 '?%&, /%02.8#*1%0 0- 101?'$ 12 2,* '2 ' 8,,*105 #('/, )%$ 1 *2

    #$'/*1*1%0,$2)6%.5,**%5,*+,$2%8,:+,$,10'/1*61*12?,/'.2,%)6%.$)$1,0-2

    0%**+,F?,'.*6G%)*+'*#('/,#,%#(,,8?,((12+#('/,2A!C=?A!>'$*1/1#'0*2

    ,/'.2, *+, *18, 6%. 2#,0* 10 101?'$ 12 8./+ ?,**,$ *+,0 *+, *18,2#,0*10'/$%:-,-#('/,,21-,2*+,$,'$,,&,0*+%2,:+%#('6)%%*?'(('*015+*2 +,6#('6?.*'?%&, '(( 6%. /'0 +'&,' 5$,'*/+'* *+,$,AAA=?!C>

    0*+,,D#('0'*1%02%)*+,10*,$&1,:,,2%0*+,1$#$,),$,0/,)%$101?'$*+,$,12'(:'62

    '/%8#'$12%0%)101?'$:1*+*+,,D12*105015+*(1),,2*'?(12+8,0*2%)0*$'02('*,-,014(*'6AA!02'0('$;0?1$?1$11(,#'6('L8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    128/174

    113

    +,/%8#('10*2%)101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*210/(.-,*+,.0/%8)%$*'?(,#+621/'(/%0-1*1%02

    *+,$,2*$1/*1&,$.(,2'0-*+,-12/$1810'*1&,'**1*.-,#$,2,0*10?'$2'0-015+*/(.?2%$

    102*'0/,*+,2,'$,'2/%0&,6,-?6*+,10*,$&1,:,,2*+,,0*$'0/,),,*+,+15+#$1/,2

    %)?,&,$'5,2*+,%?(15'*1%0%)?.6105-$10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    129/174

    114

    %. +'&, -$,22105 /%02*$'10*2 10 *+, #('/,2 6%. 5% %.* -%0G 0% 6%.+'&,*+,'5,/%02*$'10*&,010*+, #('/,6%.5%)%$-$10

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    130/174

    115

    ,('*,- *% *+12 ,/%0%81/ /%0/,$0 2,/%0-(6 ' 2*$.55(, '5'102* *+, 18#%2,-

    /%02.8#*1%0'0-(,12.$,0%$82.#%0*+,2%/1,*6105,0,$'(12%?2,$&,-10101?'$+,

    101?'$#'$*1/1#'0*2$,).2,*+12.0-,$2*'0-105%)/%02.8#*1%0?'2,-(,12.$,'0-$,212*

    1**+$%.5+-,&,(%#105'0 '(*,$0'*1&,,0/,101?'$10/(.-,22,/%0-(6 ' $,212*'0/,

    '5'102**+,18#%2,-(,12.$,'0-/%02.8#*1%02*6(,2

    101?'$ +'2 ,8,$5,- #$18'$1( 6 .0-,$ *+, 10) (.,0/, %) *+,2, 122.,2 .* 10 *18,

    *'+,0/,*.$02%.**%?,')$,,=$>5$%.0-%),D#$,221%0'0--12/.221%0

    )%$*+,10+'?1*'0***$'025$,22,2*+,2%)'$F-,'*+G%$*+,2%/'((,-F#.?(1/2#+,$,G

    ""S

    0&,2*15'*105*+,#%*,0*1'((610+,$,-$,212*'0*8,'0105210*+,2#'/,2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*

    1*12%?2,$&,-*+'**+,.$?'02#'/,2:+,$,101?'$*'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    131/174

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    132/174

    117

    ,*+,$105*%0ACCQ>N*+,$,-,)10,-2#'/,%$*+,8'$510'(2#'/,10/(.-,2*+,2,'$/+

    )%$1-,'(12,-/%0-1*1%02

    21* 12 %?2,$&,-2%)' $10101?'$ *+,.2,$2 *$6 *%/'$&,%.*'2#'/,)%$*+,1$%:0?6

    '##$%#$1'*105 $,-,)10105 *+, ,D12*105N ?6 10*$%-./105 '0 '(*,$0'*1&, %$-,$ '0-

    *$'025$,22105*+,,2*'?(12+,-N'0-?,0,'*+*+,1$$,212*'0*#$'/*1/,2*+,62,,

    +,:'6101?'$/+'((,05,2*+,,D12*1052#'/,*+$%.5+-,&,(%#105'0-#$'/*1/105'0

    '(*,$0'*1&,.2,10/(.-,2'.*%#1/21-,?.*0%*/%8#(,*,(6101?'$10/(.-,2*+,2,'$/+

    )%$ 1-,'( /%0-1*1%02 '0- 1 * #$%-./,2 ' ) (,,* 105 ,#+,8,$'( 2#'/, :+,$, *+,2,/%0-1*1%02/'0?,$,'(12,-*0,1*+,$2,,

    2 ,*+,$105*%0 =ACCQ> '22,$ *2 8'$510'( 2#'/,2 '$, 8%$, F+,*,$%*%#1/G /%0/,#*

    10*$%-./,-?6%./'.(*=ACCP>*%-,2/$1?,2F21*,2%)'(*,$0'*,%$-,$105G=,*+,$105*%0

    ACCQASA>:+1/+'$,0%*-,)10,-:1*+10*+,,D12*105N?.*:+1/+/'0,D12*102#1*,1*

    =%./'.(*ACCP>,*,$%*%#1'28,'0105(1*,$'((6F%*+,$#('/,2G'$,21*,2,2*'?(12+,-

    *+$%.5+10/%05$.%.22#'*1'($,('*1%02*+'*/+'((,05,*+,2#'/,2%)$,#$,2,0*'*1%0'0-

    *+,1$8%-,%)$,#$,2,0*'*1%0:1*+10*+,2%/1,*6=,*+,$105*%0ACCQASA>

    ,*,$%*%#1'2 '$, 21*,2 10:+1/+ '((*+1052-12#('/,-8'$510'( $,O,/*,-'8?1&'(,0*'$,$,#$,2,0*,-'0-*+12$,#$,2,0*'*1%0?,/%8,2*+,?'212%)'0'(*,$0'*,8%-,%)%$-,$105*+'*+'2*+,,)),/*%)%)),$105/%0*$'2**%*+,-%810'0*$,#$,2,0*'*1%0%)2%/1'(%$-,$=,*+,$105*%0ACCQASA>

    0 *+,2, F%*+,$ #('/,2G '0 '(*,$0'*1&, %$-,$ 10/(.-105 -1)),$,0* /%0-1*1%02 :+1/+

    0%$8'((6/'00%**'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    133/174

    118

    * 12 *%*'( (6 (1

    %./'.(*G2 -12/.221%0 %0 F%*+,$#('/,2G8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    134/174

    119

    2+%:,- *+'* 101?'$ *'+, -,)101* 1%0%) 101?'$ 51&,0?6*+,

    #'$*1/1#'0*2 &,$1) 1,2 *+, )'/* *+'* 101?'$ ?,(%052 *% *+, 2#+,$, %) F2#'/,2 %)

    $,#$,2,0*'*1%0G +, 2#'/, 12 -,)10,- *+$%.5+ ' #$'/*1/, :+1/+ 12 -'1 (6 *% *+,

    #'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#*12%?2,$&,-*+'**+,$,-,)101*1%0%)*+,.$?'02#'/,12$,'(12,-

    *+$%.5+*+,10*$%-./*1%0%)'0,:.2,*%*+,.$?'02#'/,+$%.5+*+,#$'/*1/,%)*+120,:.2,'0'(*,$0'*1&,2#'/,12#$%-./,-+,$,)%$,1*12.0-,$2*%%-*+'**+12#$'/*1/,

    12'0'/*R'0F%#,$'*1%0G%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#'0-*+'*101?'$$,#$,2,0*2?%*+

    '0'/*'0-*+,'(*,$0'*1&,2#'/,/$,'*,-*+$%.5+*+12'/*

    +, )%( (%:105 10&,2*15'*1%02 %0 *+, -,)101* 1%0 %) 101?'$ +'&, '(2% $,&,'(,- '0

    18#%$*'0*'2#,/*'?%.**+,/'2,*12*+,-1$,/*$,('*1%0%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*5$%.#:1*+

    *+,/$,'*,-2#'/,2,D#,$1,0/,-10*+,/'2,%)101?'$:+,0-1)),$,0*#'$*1/1#'0*2

    :1*+-1)),$,0*'182'0-8%*1&,25,*10&%(&,-*%*+,'/**+,0'*.$,'0-8,'0105%)*+,

    /$,'*,- 2#'/, /+'05, 1)),$,0*8%*1&,2 ?$105 ' -1)),$,0* #$'/*1/,'0- /+'05, *+,

    2#'/,,0/,)%$*+%0,8%$,*18,1*12.0-,$2*%%-*+'**+,2#'/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0*12

    '(2%10-1$,/*$,('*1%0:1*+*+,,D,$/12,-#$'/*1/,

    +,)1$2*10&,2*15'*1%02#$%&,-*+'**+,10+'?1*'0*2#$%-./,2#'/,210#$'/*1/,+,2,

    2#'/,2 '$, %?*'10,- ?6 *+, $,-,)101*1%0 %) *+, ,D12*105 2#'/, +12 #$%-./*1%0 12

    +%:,&,$-1)),$,0**+'0*+,-,2150#('0'0-/%02*$./*1%0%)*+,.$?'02#'/,?6*+,

    #$%),221%0'(2 '0- *+, '.*+%$1*6 ,2#,/*1&,(6 *+, 0,D* 2*,# 10 *+12 2*.-6 :'2 *+,

    10&,2*15'*1%0%)*+,2#'*1'(/+'$'/*,$12*1/2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*G22#'/,)*+,2#'/,%)*+,

    10+'?1*'0*12-,)10,-10:'62 -1)),$,0**+'0*+,,2*'?(12+,-2#'/,*+$%.5+-1)),$,0*

    8,'02'0-*%%(2*+,10&,2*15'*1%0:'2$,8'10105)%$*+,,D#(%$'*1%0%)*+,2#'*1'(1*6

    %)101?'$'0-%).$?'02#'/,2$,-,)10,-(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    135/174

    120

    ,(,8,0**%-,)10,1*2?%.0-'$1,2*%2,*1*2(181*2+,#$'/*1/,%)101?'$8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    136/174

    121

    /%0*10.,10*18,'0-*+12%#,$'*1%012F*'/*1/'(G10*+,:'6-,,$*,'.,D#('10,-=-,

    ,$*,'.ACQ">

    +, $,2,'$/+ 2+%:,- *+'* 10 5,0,$'( *+,2, *'/*1/2 '$, 2#%0*'0,%.2(6 ='0- 0%*

    -,(1?,$'*,(6> -,&,(%#105 10 $,2#%0- *% *+, $,'/*1%02 '0- /%.0*,$%#,$'*1%02 %) *+,

    0,15+?%.$+%%- $,21-,0*2 1$2* %) *+,2, *'/*1/2 12 '0 ,0&1$%08,0*'( /%0/,$0 '0-$,2#%021?1(1*6 -,&,(%#,- *+$%.5+ *+, /%8#('10*2 %) *+, $,21-,0*2 ,/%0- 10/(.-,2

    *,8#%$'$6 $,/,22 1%02 8'-, *% $,('D *+, $,2 1-,0*2 '0- -,/$,'2, *+, *,021%0

    8%8,0*'$1(6*2+%.(-?,2*$%05(62*$,22,-*+'**+,2#'*1'(/+'$'/*,$12*1/2%)101?'$R

    *+,,#+,8,$'(1*618#,$8'0,0/68%?1(1*6#,$8,'?1(1*6*+,)(,D1?1(1*6R/%02*1*.*,'

    /%8#(,8,0*'$6 #'$* %) *+12 *'/*1/'( %#,$'*1%0 +, )(,D1?(, 2#'*1'( 1*6 %) 101?'$

    ?,/%8,2'-,&1/,108'10*'10105*+,/%0*10.'0/,%)101?'$

    +,#$'/*1/,%)101?'$122.2*'10,-*+$%.5+*+,2,*'/*1/2+,$1&'($6$,('*1%02'$,'(2%

    ?$%.5+* *% ' F?'('0/,- #%10*G *+$%.5+ *+,2, *'/*1/2 %:,&,$ 1 * +'2 '(2% ?,,0

    -12/.22,-*+'*101?'$+'2'#$1&1(,5,-#%21*1%0-.,*%1*22%/1%,/%0%81/#$%)1(,'2'

    /,0*$'(-12*$1/**+'*122.##%$*1&,10*+12$,2#,/*+$%.5+2./+%#,$'*1%021*122,,0

    *+'* 101?'$ +'2 10)1(*$'*,- 10*% *+, /1*6 102/$1?105 1*2 #$'/*1/, %0 *+, 2*$,,*2 %)

    0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    137/174

    122

    0 *+, %*+,$ +'0- '0 18#%$*'0* 8,-1.8 %) ,D#$,221%0 :'2 ,D#(%$,- -.$105 *+,

    $,2,'$/+10*+,10&,2*15'*1%0%)F*+,2%/1%2#'*1'(#$'/*1/,G+,.0-,$2*'0-105%)*+,

    8%*1&,2?,+10-*+,'/*'0-7.,2*1%0105*+,#$,),$,0/,)%$101?'$%&,$%*+,$#('/,2

    $,&,'(,-'#%21*1%02+'$,-'8%05'((%)*+,#'$*1/1#'0*2'0-*+,$,)%$,*+,,D#$,221%02

    '0-$,212*'0/,2+1--,010*+,/'2,%)101?'$+'2?,,0?$%.5+**%(15+*

    0$,('*1%0*+,,D#$,221%0%)'0,/%0%81//%0/,$0'0-2*$.55(,*+,$,212*'0/,'5'102*

    *+,.0/%8)%$*'?(, /%0-1*1%0218#%2,-?6 *+,,2*'?(12+,-015+*(1),#$'/*1/,2'5'102*

    *+,('/

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    138/174

    123

    B

    +, 5%' (%)' $%/+,#$18'$6

    '18:'2*%$,&,'(*+,#%*,0*1'('0--60'8128*+,-'1(6(1),/%8#$12,2+1212*+,

    $1/+0,22*+,.$?'010+'?1*'0*2#%22,22*+,1$-1)),$,0/,2*+,1$&'$1%.2'/*2'0-+'?1*2

    '0-*+,1$#,/.(1'$1*1,2

    //,#*105*+'* *+,2#'/,1 210/%8#(,*,:1*+%.**+,10+'?1*'0*'0-*+'**+,.$?'02#'/,

    /'0 %0(6 ?, '//%8#(12+,- :+,0 1* 12 ( 1&,- '##$%#$1'*,- '0- $,-,)10,- ?6 *+,

    10+'?1*'0**+,.$?'02#'/,:1*+101*2,&,$6-'6(1),,0*'05(,27.1/

    2#'/,

    +,$,2,'$/+#$%?(,8'*1/12/%02*$./*,-'$%.0-*+121-,':%8'10'182+'&,?,,0

    2,*)%$*+,$,2,'$/+2*.-61$2*12*%.0/%&,$*+,2#'/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0**+$%.5+*+,

    10&,2*15'*1%0%)*+,#$%/,22%)F$,-,)101*1%0%)2#'/,2G'0-*+,0'*.$,%)*+,$,-,)10,-

    2#'/,R*+,#$%-./,-2#'/,1*2,()62.55,2*105*+,10&,2*15'*1%0%)*+,.$?'02#'/,

    :1*+10*+,-'1(6#$'/*1/,2%)*+,10+'?1*'0*'2'*%%('0-8,-1.8)%$%?*'10105'/*.'(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    139/174

    124

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    140/174

    125

    /,0*$,2 %) 0

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    141/174

    126

    10'( (6 *+, 107.1$6 %0 *+, ,D#$,221%02 '0- $,212*'0/,2 10+,$,- 10 *+, 2#'/,2 %)

    101?'$$,&,'(,-*+'**+,$,-%,20%*,D12**+,,D#$,221%0%)2#,/1)1/1-,0*1*1,210*+,

    101?'$#+,0%8,0%0.**+,#,$)%$8,-#$'/*1/,$,&,'(,-&'$1%.2#%10*2%)/%0/,$0

    ,D#$,221%02 '0- $,212*'0/,2 0 101?'$ *+, 10*$1021/ $,212*'0/, 10/(.-,2 )1$2*(6 *+,

    ,D#$,221%0%)'0,/%0%81//1$/.82*'0/,'0-2*$.55(,'0-*+,2,'$/+)%$'0'(*,$0'*1&,

    N *+,0 *+, $,O,/*1%0 %) *+, '//.2*%8,- 015+*(1), #$'/*1/,2 '0- %) *+, ,2*'?(12+,-

    /%02*$'10*2'0-O.-5,8,0*218#%2,-%0*+,/(1,0*2

    )*,$ *+, ?$1,)'//%.0* %0 *+, ,&'(.'*1%0%) *+, /'2, 2*.-6 )10-1052 10 *+12 #'$* :,

    :%.(-(12#'/,/%.(-?,8'01#.('*,-*$'02)%$8,-'0-

    =$,>#$%-./,-10*+,F+'0-2G%)*+,10+'?1*'0*')*,$?,105#$%-./,-'0-#$%&1-,-?6

    *+,.$?'0#$%),221%0'(2'0-*+,'.*+%$1*6%$*+,10&,2*%$2+12:'2%0,%)*+,8'10

    '22,$*1%02%)*+,*+,212101?'$12*+,%.*/%8,%)2./+'0%#,$'*1%0

    +12

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    142/174

    127

    ,('*,-*%*+'*1*122,,0*+'**+,2#'/,2$,-,)10,-*+$%.5+*+,#$'/*1/,%)*+,2,

    #,/.( 1'$ .2,2 R *+, 2#'/,2 %) *+, 10+'?1*'0* R '$, /$,'*,- '2 ' /%02,7.,0/, %)

    /1$/.82*'0/,2 :,15+105 .#%0 *+, 10+'?1*'0* %$ %) ' 2,'$/+ %$ 2*$.55(, )%.$*+

    18#(1/'*1%0$,&,'(2 *+'*1*12 .0-,$ *+12 #$,*,D* *+'* *+,10+'?1*'0*2 O.2*1)6*+,1$'/*

    ,/'.2,*+,10*$%-./,-.2,'0-1*218#(1/'*1%02%0*+,,D12*105.$?'02#'/,8'60%*

    '(:'62?,10/%0)%$81*6:1*+*+,.$?'02#'/,1*2,()'0-:1*+*+,%*+,$.2,$2%)*+,

    ,0&1$%08,0*

    0*+12$,2#,/*1)*+,2#'/,%)*+,10+'?1*'0*12'//,#*,-'2'2,'$/+)%$':'6%.*)%$

    '2%(.*1%0%$'2*+,%.*/%8,%)'-,8'0-N*+,21D*+18#(1/'*1%012*+'**+,2,2#'/,2

    $,#$,2,0* *+12 2%.5+* 2%(.*1%0 '0 1-,'(12,- #%21*1%0 :+1/+ 8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    143/174

    128

    101?'$ 0%* %0(6 $,&,'(,- *+, 2%/1%/.(*.$'( #$%)1 (, %) ' 6%.*+ 5$%.# ?.* '(2%

    ,(./1-'*,- :1-,$ 2%/1%,/%0%81/ #$%/,22,2 *+'*+'&, $,)(,/*,- %0 *+,8 ,810-105

    *+'**+,8'10)%/.2:'2%0*+,.$?'0=2#'*1'(>#$%/,22,2:+1/+8'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    144/174

    129

    +$%.5+ *+12 '//%.0* *+, 7.,2*1%02 '?%.* *+, .017.,0,22 %) *+, /'2, +'&, ?,,0

    '02:,$,-101?'$12.017.,10*+,:'61*120%*#%221?(,*%)10-'/%8#(,*,(6#'$'((,(

    ,D'8#(,*%1*.*1*12'2.017.,'21*22.?O,/*2R*+,10+'?1*'0*2:+%/$,'*,1*R'$,

    .017.,1)),$,0*10+'?1*'0*5$%.#2-,&,(%#-1)),$,0*2#'/,2(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    145/174

    130

    1$2*%)'((*+,2,'$,*+,-,8'0-2%)810%$.2,$5$%.#20%*0,/,22'$1(6&'(1-)%$*+,

    $,21-,0*2 '0- .2,$2 %) ' -12*$ 1/* 10 5,0,$'( 0 %*+,$ :%$-2 *+,2, '$, 0%* *+,

    ,D#$,221%02 %) -,8'0- *+'* '$, 8.*.'( (6 -,*,$810,- ?6 *+, 8,8?,$2 %) '

    5,%5$'#+1/'(4%0,+,1-,'%)'F0,15+?%.$+%%-G'2'2%/1%5,%5$'#+1/'(.01*-%,2

    0%*0,/,22'$1(6).0/*1%02)%$/'2,2(1

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    146/174

    131

    $%O,"

    (*'6'0N=!!S>/'*' (%5.,*,D* %:'**1*.-,2 ,/%8,%$82$* 10' (%?'(5,

    E'(

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    147/174

    132

    '.8'0 =ACQP>N,512('*%$2'0-+, 0*,$#$,*%$20%-,$01*6%2*8%-,$01*6

    '0-0*,((,/*.'(2%(1*6$,22'8?$1-5,

    ,(('&1-'0-'(,0*10,1((N=ACCP>%02.8105,%5$'#+1,2E,'$,E+,$,E,'*N

    %.*(,-5,%0-%0,:%$%-6$/+1*,/*.$,,-1((//.#6105$/+1*,/*.$,,*:,,0

    +,$/+1*,/*'0-+,2,$N%.*(,-5,%0-%0,:%$'2+1%0D)%$-12*%$6%)$*D)%$-,:%$+,%/1%(%56%)%.*+.(*.$,%0(10,.01&,$21*6%).$1/+

    ,$*,'. 1/+,( -,N =ACQ"> +, $'/*1/, %) &,$6-'6 1), 01&,$21*6 %) '(1)%$01'

    $,22,$ '.*+%$2

    '.2''.(('$*9((,$E%$1'0%%$'(,2YN/*'$'$/,(%0'

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    148/174

    133

    ('$ +,

    %+,0+1(N=ACP>.?/.(*.$'(%0)(1/*'0-E%$

    $'051Z6*+82%)*+,1*6,8#%$'(12,-#'/,'0-%*1%0Z##AQP

    !PN18,2#'/,,%5$'#+1,2%0,8#%$'(1*6N,-2'6+$1)*N%.*(,-5,%0-%0

    ,:%$Z15+*12/%.$2,$%-./105[%02.8105,'0105%0*$,,*Z

    +,8'5,2%)+,*$,,*,-6),N%.*(,-5,%0-%0,:%$.$),$2%.(1,2:::5,%/1*1,2/%8[51(8-%$%0[$'025$,221&,'$/+1*,/*.$,+*8(

    ('2*'//,22'6!!"

    ((12'0-,$5,$N=!!S>Z+,1$*%$6[6*%$6[.$*%$60/(.-105*+,

    ,2,'$/+,$D#,$1,0/,100*,$&1,:105$%/,22Z##"TP"C"N10021-,0*,$&1,:105

    ,-2%(2*,10Y'0-.?$1.8YN'5,#.?(1/'*1%02%0-%0+%.2'0-'.'(1*'*1&,,*+%-210%/1'(,2,'$/+/$':1((

    ,'*+,$2*%0, N =ACCA> %02.8,$ .(*.$, '0- %2*8%-,$0128N '5, ,:2?.$6

    '$

  • 7/23/2019 4 mekann retimi

    149/174

    134

    1$*+18%0N=ACQ">+,%/1%(%56%)%.*+'.2,:'6?%% '05.'5, %.0*,$ ,8%$6 $'/* 1/,N ,- %0'(-

    './+'$-'21(('/

  • 7/2