1. How is each of these organisms using energy?

2. In what other ways do organisms use energy? 3. What are two ways in which organisms make/get energy?(organisms can either be ____ or _____)

Energy in a Cell

The Need for EnergyAll organisms require energy for:• Active transport• Cell division• Movement• Production of proteins

Energy in a Cell• Plants and other green organisms are able to trap the light energy via

sunlight and store it in bonds for later use• Other organisms do not use the sun directly:

• They eat plants to obtain energy stored in plants

Energy in a Cell

Energy is stored in the ATP molecule• ATP: adenosine triphosphate• Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups

Energy in a Cell

AdenosinePhosphate

Phosphate

Phosphate

High-energy bond: Stores a lot of energy

*This energy is released when the bond is broken*

ATP

AdenosinePhosphate

Phosphate

Energy

ADP

Energy in a Cell• ADP: Adenosine diphosphate

• Cells recycle the ADP to make new ATP to store more energy for future use

• Many proteins have spots where ATP attaches to provide energy for the protein to do its job, then the ADP is released for recycling

Photosynthesis• Process that uses the sun’s energy to make glucose

• Purpose is to trap sun’s energy and store it in glucose (food for the plant)

• Carried out by green plants and some bacteria

• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

Photosynthesis

Structure of the chloroplast:

Granum stack: Stack of green thylakoids

Stroma: Space inside the chloroplast

Thylakoid: Green disk in the chloroplast

Photosynthesis

• Thylakoids are green because they contain chlorophyll

• Chlorophyll: green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy

• Pigment: light-absorbing compound

Photosynthesis: The Chemical Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen

(Light Energy Chemical Energy)

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/photosynthesis.html

Photosynthesis: The 2 Steps1. Light reaction (Light-dependent reaction)

- First step of photosynthesis that traps sunlight and makes electrons and ATP to run the dark reaction

2. Dark reaction (Light-independent reaction)

- Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and electrons from the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration: process by which cells (animal and plant) break down food molecules into ATP (energy)

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration.html

Citric Acid Cycle(Outer

Membrane)

Electron Transport

Chain(Inner

membrane)Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)

Animal Cell

1

2

3

Cellular Respiration

SO YOU’RE PROBABLY THINKING…WHAT WAS THE POINT OF ALL THIS!!!

THE POINT:

ATP Totals for aerobic respiration: Glycolysis – 2 ATP

Citric Acid Cycle – 2 ATP

+ Electron Transport Chain – 32 ATP

1 Glucose = 36 ATP in all for aerobic respiration

Glycolysis—Always Anaerobic

Alcoholic fermentationPyruvate ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide· Carried out by yeast and some bacteria· Used in brewing beer, making wine, and baking bread and cakes

Lactic Acid fermentationPyruvate lactic acid

· Carried out by your muscles when you’re exercising hard (need ATP) and can’t get oxygen into you fast enough (can’t do aerobic respiration)· Causes muscle cramps and soreness

What happens when oxygen is NOT present?

Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and respiration are the opposite of

each other:

RespirationAnimals and plants• eat plants to get glucose

• take in oxygen

• give off carbon dioxide

*glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP

PhotosynthesisPlants• use sunlight to make glucose

• take in carbon dioxide

• give off oxygen

*carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen