ബിസിനസ്[email protected], +971 561133944. distributors: uae-thouseel distributions. saudi-the new national. publishers al khobar.bahrain-al ayam press publishing

P R A V A S I R I S A L A

JANUARY 2021{]hmkn

ബിസിനസ ്കേരളത്തിൽ

KÄ^v kulrZw ]pXnb ]pecnbnÂ

sImtdmW sXm« {]hmk hÀjw

amen\ywamt\Pv sN¿mw

"\Ã' PqX³"No¯' PqX³

ssiJv cn^mCuHmÀabpsS H-gp¡v

bp. F. JmZÀkpKXIpamcn

January 2021 2{]hmkn


ContentsDÅS¡‑w

ContentsDÅS¡‑w

kwcw`taJebnte¡vIS¶p-hcmw

_nkn\kv, ÌmÀ«¸v F¶nhsb Ffp¸am¡pIbpw{]mtbmKnIhgn ]dbpIbpw A{X efn-XaÃ,

\nkmcaÃ. kwcw`§Ä At\zjn¡p¶{]hmknIÄ¡pthïnbpÅ BtemN-\IÄ.

I-hÀ-k-v-tä-md-n

ContentsDÅS¡‑w

c-N-\-IÄ [email protected] F-¶ C sa-bn-en-te-¡v A-b¡pI.{]-kn-²o-I-c-W tbm-Ky-sa-¦nÂ H-cp am-k-¯n-\-Iw hn-h-cw A-dn-bn-¡pw.

c-N-\-IÄ kw-_-Ôn-¨ hn-h-c-§Ä t^m-Wn-eq-sS e-`n-¡p-¶-X-Ã.

printed and published by pk abdul saleem on behalf of risala books llc sharjah media city | printed at al ghurair printing and publishing company dubai | nmc license no. 6027972 | editor: m sulaiman saquafi | contact:

[email protected], +971 561133944. distributors: uae-thouseel distributions. saudi-the new national.publishers al khobar.bahrain-al ayam press publishing and distributing

Price AED 4, SAR 4, KWD 0.320, OMR 0.400, BHD 0.400

www.pravasirisala.com fb.com/pravasirisala]pkvXIw 10 P\phcn 2021 Pam-ZpÂ AÆÂ 1442

140 {]h‑mk‑n


Prefacea‑pJh‑pc

{]-X-o-£-hÀ-j-w

k-z-´-a-m-b-n H-tcÀ-¸-m-S-v G-X-p k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-sâ-b-p-w k-z-]-v-\-a-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-v B-te-m-N-\-IÄ B-h-i-y-a-m-sW-¶ _-m-e-]-mT-h-p-w BÀ-¡-p-a-d-n-b-m-w. ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w _-n-k-n-\-k-v, N-n-´-IÄ a-m-{X-a-m-I-p-I-b-p-w A-h ]-p-e-c-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p F-¶-sX-m-c-p h-m-k-v-X-h-a-m-W-v. I-q-S-p-XÂ X-e-]-p-I-b-p-¶-tX-m X-o-sc {]-m-[-m-\-y-w sI-m-S-p-¡-m-sX-b-p-Å k-a-o-]-\-ta-m H-c-p k-w-c-w-`-¯-n-\-p-w \-Ã-X-Ã. H-c-p-]-m-S-v d-n-k-v-I-v F-S-p-¡-m³ k-¶-²-a-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ I-p-d-ª a-q-e-[-\-¯-n-e-p-w _-n-k-n-\-k-p-IÄ H-m-S-p-w. B-Z-y-w F-Ã-m-w X-\-n-sb sN-¿-m-sa-¶ h-n-N-m-c-w sh-S-n-b-W-w. F-¶-mÂ k-I-e-sc-b-p-w I-m-¯-p-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-p-w A-]-I-S-a-m-W-v. C-h-s¡-Ã-m-w C-S-b-n-se H-c-p Cd-§-n-¸-p-d-s¸-S-e-n-\-v X-b-m-d-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ h-n-P-b-w I-q-sS-h-c-p-w. A-¯-c-w N-n-e e-f-n-X _-n-k-n-\-k-v N-n-´-I-f-m-W-v C-u e-¡-¯-n-se {]-[-m-\ C-\-w.


Pravasi Risalawww.pravasirisala.com facebook.com/pravasirisala

Publisher Abdul Salim PK

Managing Director Shameem K

Business Manager Noufal CC

Chief Editor Sulaiman Saqafi MaliyekkalManaging Editor S SharafudheenExecutive Editor Ali Akbar

Deputy Editor Jabirali TContent Editors Luqman VilathurNB Sidheeq BukhariCover & Layout Ziyad Madappally

a‑pJh‑pcPreface

B-tc-m-K-y-ta-J-e-b-nÂ th-ïh-n-[-w ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-s¸-S-m-sX t]-m-b ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å h-m-b-\-¡-v- {]-m-[-m-\-y-a-p-ï-v. a-m-e-n-\-ya-p-à ]-c-n-k-c-w D-S-¼-S-n-I-f-nÂ A-Ã, k-a-o-]-\-§-f-n-e-m-W-v. AÂ D-e-m {]-J-y-m-]-\-t¯-m-sS a-q-¶-c hÀ-j-w \-o-ï-p \-n-¶ KÄ-^-v {]-X-n-k-Ô-n ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-s¸-«-X-nÂ {]-h-m-k-n-¡-p-w k-t´-m-j-n-¡-m³ h-I-b-p-ï-v, ]-mT-h-p-w. t]-m-b hÀ-j-w {]-h-m-k-n-¡-v \Â-I-n-b X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-p-IÄ, h-y-m-P-h-mÀ-¯-f-p-sS h-m-g-v-h-p I-m-e-¯-v F-´-v sN-¿-W-w F-¶-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v, F-g-p-¯-v _-m-¡-n-b-m-¡-n ]-n-c-n-ª b-p. F. J-m-ZÀ, k-p-K-X-I-p-a-m-c-n F-¶-n-h-c-p-sS H-mÀ-a, sj-b-v-J-v c-n-^-mC-u P-o-h-n-X-w F-¶-n-h-b-p-w tNÀ-¶ C-u e-¡-w \-·-b-p-Å ]-p-X-p-hÀ-j-¯-n-sâ {]-X-o-£-¡-v a-m-ä-v ]-I-c-m-X-n-c-n-¡-n-Ã.

]-{X-----m-[-----n-]À


IhÀ‑kv‑tämdnCover Story

tIcfw kwcw` kulrZbnSamWv. ho«nen-cp¶v am{XwPbn¨pIbdmhp¶ \nch[n kwcw` Ahkc§fp@ v.

kÀ¡mÀ kwhn[m\§Ä D]tbmKn-¡mw.

Sn F-kv N-{µ³[email protected]

സംരംഭകേഖലയികലക്്േടന്നുവരാം


a-q-¶-c e-£-t¯-m-f-w h-n-tZ-i-a-e-b-m-f-n-IÄ tP-m-e-n \-ã-s¸-«-v X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-p-w F-¶-m-W-v

]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. B-i-¦-b-n-Ã-m-sX I-S-¶-p-h-c-m-h-p-¶ H-c-p a-n-I-¨ ta-J-e-b-m-W-v k-w-c-w-`-ta-J-e. C-\-n F-´-v F-¶-m-W-v tN-m-Z-y-w. \-m-«-n-se I-S-§Ä-¡-p-w {]-m-c-m-Ï-§Ä-¡-p-w H-¸-w Ø-n-c-a-m-b-n e-`-n-¨-psI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p h-c-p-a-m-\-w I-q-S-n C-Ã-m-X-m-b-m-e-p-Å



A-h-Ø BÀ-¡-p-w N-n-´-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-tX-b-p-Å-q. k-m-a-q-l-y {]-hÀ-¯-I-c-p-w kÀ-¡-m-c-p-w C-X-c k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-w B-i-z-m-k-¯-n-sâ h-g-n-IÄ tX-S-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

tI-c-f-¯-n-te-¡-p-Å a-S-¡-w {]-h-m-k-n k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ k-z-]-v-\-§-f-p-sS A-h-k-m-\-a-m-W-v F-¶-v N-n-´-n-t¡-ï-X-n-Ã. th-ï-p-th-m-f-w A-h-k-c-§Ä A-hÀ-¡-v P-·-\-m-S-v H-c-p-¡-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-v I-m-W-m-w. H-¶-v I-t®-m-S-n-¨-mÂ, Z-oÀ-L-h-o-£-W-t¯-m-sS A-[-z-m-\-n-¡-m³ X-bm-d-p-Å G-sX-m-c-mÄ-¡-p-w k-w-c-w-`-ta-J-e-b-nÂ ti-m-`-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ Ø-n-X-n C-t¸-mÄ D-ï-v.

k-w-c-w-` c-w-K-¯-vh³-A-h-k-c-§Ä

a-q-¶-c tI-m-S-n-tb-m-f-w h-c-p-¶ P-\-§-Ä-¡-v k-w-c-w-`-I-c-p-sS h³-A-h-k-c-§-f-m-W-v X-p-d-¶-v \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. D-]-t`-m-à-r- DÂ-]-¶-§Ä-¡-v h-e-n-b I-t¼-m-f-w X-p-d-¶-n-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. k-z-´-a-m-b-n H-c-p sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶-X-n-e-p-]-c-n H-c-p "N-e-©-n-M-v I-c-n-bÀ' G-sä-S-p-¡-p-h-m³ k-w-c-w-`-ta-J-e A-h-k-c-w \Â-I-p-¶-p. F-{X-t¯-m-f-w h-f-c-W-sa-¶-v k-w-c-w-`-I-\-v X-s¶ \-n-Ý-b-n-¡-m-w. h-f-sc d-n-k-v-I-v I-p-d-ª c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p-w C-¶-v k-w-c-w-`-§Ä B-c-w-`-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. \-m-a-a-m-{X-a-m-b k-w-J-y-b-p-sS \-n-t£-]-¯-nÂ F-{X-tb-m k-w-c-w-`-§-f-m-W-v C-¶-v c-m-P-y-¯-v h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-b-n \-S-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. I--p-S-p-w-_ k-w-c-w-`-a-m-b-p-w A-Ã-m-sX-b-p-w \-Ã \-n-e-b-nÂ k-w-c-w-`-§Ä \-S-¯-n \-n-c-h-[-n t]À-¡-v sX-m-g-nÂ \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w



e-£-§Ä k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ H-«-\-h-[-n k-w-c-w-`-I-c-p-ï-v \-a-p-¡-v N-p-ä-p-w. h-o-S-v X-s¶ B-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w ̂ -m-Î-d-n. N-n-e-t¸-mÄ A-S-p-¡-f a-m-{X-h-p-w!

h-nÂ-¡-m-h-p-¶-h a-m-{X-wX-nc-sª-S-p-¡-p-I

k-a-q-l-s¯ \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-h-c-n-se B-h-i-y-I-X I-sï-¯-p-I-b-p-w A-¯-c-w B-h-i-y-§Ä \-n-d-th-ä-n \Â-I-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v k-w-c-w-`-IÀ sN-t¿-ï-X-v. F-´-m-tW-m B-h-i-y-a-p-Å-X-v A-X-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w k-w-c--w-`-w F-¶-v N-p-c-p-¡-w. H-c-p sX-m-g-nÂ k-w-c-w-`-w k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v ]-e c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p-Å ]-c-n-N-b-w D-ï-m-I-m-w. N-n-e DÂ-]-¶-§-tf-m-S-v a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b X-m-X-v-]-c-y-h-p-w D-ï-m-I-m-w. F-¶-mÂ k-w-c-w-`-w sX-c-sª-S-p-t¡-ï-X-n-sâ A-f-h-p-tI-mÂ C-h a-m-{X-a-Ã. h-n-]-W-n-¡-v B-h-i-y-a-p-Å-X-m-tW-m F-¶-X-m-W-v. DXv-]-¶-w F-{X t{i-j-vT-a-m-b-m-e-p-w h-n-]-W-n-¡-v



k-z-o-I-m-c-y-a-sÃ-¦-nÂ A-X-n-te-¡-v I-S-¡-c-p-X-v F-¶-v X-s¶ ]-d-b-m-w. C-¯-c-w L-S-I-§Ä A-\-p-I-q-e-a-m-b \-n-c-h-[-n k-w-c-w-`-ta-J-e-IÄ tI-c-f-¯-n-e-pï-v.

I-mÀ-j-n -I-m-[-n -j- vT-n -X `-£-y-k-w-c-w -`-§Ä, `-£-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w, K-mÀ-saâ-v-k-v, K-mÀ-saâ-v U-n-ssk³ tI-{µ-§Ä, t]-¸À A-[-n-j-vT-n-X-w, F-®-n-b-mÂ X-o-c-m-¯ t_-¡-d-n D-Xv-]-¶-§Ä, h-d-s]-m-c-n-IÄ, A-¨-m-d-p-IÄ, k-v-I-z-m-j-v, P-m-w, tk-m-U h-m-«À, tk-m-^-v-ä-v {U-n-¦-v -k-v, I-c-I-u-i-e DXv-]-¶-§Ä, d-ºÀ DXv-]-¶-§Ä, ̂ À-W-o-¨-d-p-IÄ, _-y-q-«-n ]-mÀ-e-d-p-IÄ, I-m-ä-d-n-w-K-v kÀ-h-o-k-v, ̀ -£-y-F-®-IÄ, ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v I-sï-b-v-\-d-p-IÄ, N-n-Ã-v I-p-¸-n-IÄ, IÀ-«³ hÀ-¡-p-IÄ, Câ-o-c-n-bÀ sU-¡-td-j³, I-mÀ-«¬ t_-m-I-v-k-p-IÄ, hÀ-¡-v sN-b-v-X k-m-c-n-IÄ, s_-U-v-j-o-ä-p-IÄ, ta-m-W-n-M-v I-n-ä-p-IÄ, h-m-S-I tI-{µ-§Ä, H-m¬-sse³ tI-m-¨-n-M-v, a-mÀ-I-ä-n-M-v, I-ïâ-v ssd-ä-n-M-v, a-ä-p tk-h-\-§Ä A-§-s\ t]-m-I-p-¶-p ̀ -h-\-§-f--nÂ X-s¶ ¹-m³ sN-¿-m-h-p-¶ e-L-p k-w-c-w-`-§Ä.

D-®-n-b-¸-h-p-w s\-¿-¸-h-p-w ]-c-n-¸-p-h-S-b-p-w ]-g--w-h-S-b-p-w tl-m-w sa-b-v-U-v tI-¡-p-w ]-^-v-k-p-w D-W-¡-n-b ]-g-§-f-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I c-p-N-n-t`-Z-§Ä-¡-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-Å I-d-n-I-f-p-w I-d-n-¡-q-«-p-I-f-p-w C-¶-v e-£-§Ä h-n-ä-v h-c-h-p-Å e-L-p k-w-c-w-`-§-f-m-W-v.

\-S-]-S-n-IÄe-f-n-X-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p

k-w-c-w-`-§Ä B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å \-S-]-S-n-IÄ h-f-sc e-f-n-X-a-m-¡-n-b k-m-l-N-c-y-w C-t¸-mÄ k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-p-ï-v. G-sd ̀ -b-¸-m-tS-m-sS-b-m-W-v sse-



k³-k-n-M-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-s¯ tI-c-f-¯-n-se k-w-c-w-`-IÀ I-ï-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

a-p³-I-qÀ sse-k³-k-v F-S-p-¡-m-sX k-w-c-w-`-§Ä X-p-S-§-p-¶-X-n-\-v C-t¸-mÄ A-\-p-a-X-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v. a-e-n-\-o-I-c-W-w I-p-d-ª-X-p-w(sd-U-v I-m-ä-K-d-n-b-nÂ h-c-m-¯-h) 10 tI-m-S-n-b-nÂ X-m-sg \-n-t£-]-w h-c-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b k-w-c-w-`-§Ä-¡-m-W-v C-{]-I-m-c-w A-\-p-a-X-n e-`-n-¡-p-I. a-q-¶-p hÀ-j-¯-n-\-p-ti-j-w B-d-p a-m-k-¯-n-\-p-Å-nÂ sse-k³-k-p-IÄ F-S-p-¯-mÂ a-X-n. a-\-k-n-e-p-Å B-i-b-w A-X-n-th-K-w \-S-¸-m-¡-m³ C-X-p-a-q-e-w I-g-n-b-p-¶-p. A-©-v F-¨-v-]-n h-sc ]-hÀ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ \-m-t\-m l-u-k-v tl-mÄ-U-v k-w-c-w-`-§-sf X-t±-i-k-z-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS sse-k³-k-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w H-g-n-h-m-¡-n-s¡-m-ï-v X-t±-i-k-z-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-v 21.01.2020Â D-¯-c-h-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. 30 Z-n-h-k-¯-n-\-p-Å-nÂ A-\-p-a-X-n-IÄ e-`-n-¡-¯-¡-h-®-w sse-k³-k-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w e-L-q-I-c-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. sI-þ-k-z-n-^-v-ä-v F-¶ H-m¬-sse³ ¹-m-ä-v-t^-m-w h-g-n-b-m-W-v C-X-v k-m-[-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.

t\-m-¡-p-I-q-e-n \Â-tI-ï-X-n-Ã, tÌ-m-¡-v sa-t½-m \-n-b-{´-W-w, U-n-F-w-H b-p-sS A-\-p-a-X-n sa-U-n-¡Â Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-a-n-X-s¸-S-p-¯-Â, sse-k³-k-p-IÄ-¡-v A-©-p hÀ-j-s¯ I-m-e-m-h-[-n, s]-m-X-p A-t]-£-m-t^-m-d-w, k-w-b-p-à ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\-IÄ X-p-S-§-n-b k-u-I-c-y-§-f-p-w k-w-c-w-`-IÀ-¡-v G-sd K-p-W-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-m-W-v. P-n-Ã-m h-y-h-k-m-b tI-{µ-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w t\-c-n-«-v C-u k-u-I-c-y-w D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w.



P-m-a-y-a-n-Ã-m h-m-b-v-]-I-f-p-wk-_-v-k-n-U-n-I-f-p-w

4 tI-m-S-n c-q-] h-sc-b-p-Å h-m-b-v-]-IÄ-¡-v kÀ-¡-mÀ K-y-m-c-ï-n \Â-I-p-sa-¶-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b {]-J-y-m-]-\-¯-nÂ [-\-a-{´-n ]-d-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-t¸-mÄ C-X-v c-ï-v tI-m-S-n c-q-] h-sc-b-m-W-v. ]-¯-v e-£-w c-q-] h-sc-b-p-Å k-w-c-w-`-w h-m-b-v-]-¡-v b-m-sX-m-c-p-h-n-[ P-m-a-y-h-p-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ ]-m-S-n-Ã F-¶ \-nÀ-tZ-i-w \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-v. C-h-n-sS, X-p-S-§-p-¶ Ø-m-]-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v P-m-a-y-w.

{]-[-m-\-a-{´-n-b-p-sS sX-m-g-nÂ k-r-ã-n ]-²-X-n (]-n F-w C P-n ]-n) {]-I-m-c-w 25 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc h-m-b-v-]-b-p-w, 35% h-sc k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶ ]-²-X-n \-S-¸-m-¡-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. F-w-t¹-m-b-v-saâ-v F-I--v-k-v-tN-©-v h-g-n c-ï-v ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. 10 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc h-m-b-v-]-b-p-w 25%



k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w (]-c-a-m-h-[-n 2 e-£-w c-q-]) A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶ aÄ-«-n-]À-¸-k-v tP-m-_-v ¢-_-v, H-c-p e-£-w c-q-] h-sc h-m-b-v-]-b-p-w 20% k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶ "sI-k-v-d-p' F-¶ ]-²-X-n-b-p-w \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-v. c-ï-p hÀ-j-s¯ {]-h-m-k tk-h-\-w D-Å-hÀ-¡-v t\-mÀ-¡ d-q-«-v-k-v h-g-n 20 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc h-m-b-v-]-b-p-w 15% k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-v h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v.

h-m-b-v-] H-¶-p-w F-S-p-¡-m-sX k-w-c-w-`-w X-p-S-§-n-b-mÂ t]-m-e-p-w k-_-v-k-n-U-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-IÄ c-m-P-y-¯-p-ï-v. P-n-Ã-m h-y-h-k-m-b tI-{µ-§Ä h-g-n \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶ FâÀ-{]-WÀ k-t¸-mÀ-«-v k--v-I-o-w {]-I-m-c-w 15% a-p-XÂ 40% k-_-v-k-n-U-n e-`-n-¡-p-w. \-nÀ-a-m-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-v B-b-X-n-sâ Ø-n-c \-n-t£-]-¯-n-\-m-W-v C-{]-I-m-c-w k-_-v-k-n-U-n A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. h-m-b-v-] F-S-p-¯-hÀ-¡-p-w A-Ã-m-¯-hÀ-¡-p-w 30 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc C-X-v-{]-I-m-c-w k-_-v-k-n-U-n I-n-«-p-w. J-m-Z-n t_-mÀ-U-v h-g-n \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶ F-sâ {K-m-a-w ]-²-X-n-{]-I-m-c-w A-©-v e-£-w c-q-] h-sc h-m-b-v-]-b-p-w 40% h-sc k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w e-`-n-¡-p-w. ssI-¯-d-n, b-{´-¯-d-n, I-c-I-u-i-e-w, \-m-t\-m k-w-c-w-`-§Ä F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-p-w P-n-Ã-m h-y-h-k-m-b tI-{µ-§Ä h-g-n \-n-c-h-[-n B-\-p-I-q-e-y-§Ä \Â-I-n-h-c-p-¶-p. ̂ -n-j-d-o-k-v, \-_-mÀ-U-v, I-r-j-n-h-I-p-¸-v, U-b-d-n, \-m-f-n-tI-c h-n-I-k-\ t_-mÀ-U-v, d-ºÀ-t_-mÀ-U-v, I-bÀ-t_-mÀ-U-v, h-\-n-X-m h-n-I-k-\ tI-mÀ-]-td-j³, ]-n-¶-m-¡ h-n-`-m-K h-n-I-k-\ tI-mÀ-]-td-j³, \-y-q-\-]-£ h-n-I-k-\ tI-mÀ-]-td-j³, F-k-v k-n/F-k-v S-n tI-mÀ-]-td-j³, I-mÀ-j-n-I kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e. sh-ä-n-\-d-n b-q-\-n-th-g-v-k-n-ä-n, Ì-mÀ-«-¸-v a-n-j³ X-p-S-§-n-b G-P³-



k-n-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-þ-k-m-t¦-X-n -I k-l-m-b-§Ä e-`-n-¨-p h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. k-w-c-w-`-§Ä ]-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v C³-I-y-p-t_-j³ k-u-I-c-y-§-f-p-w D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w.

50 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc 7% ]-e-n-i-b-v-¡-v h-m-b-v -] A-\-p-h-Z-n -¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v tI-c-f ss^-\-m³-j-yÂ tI-mÀ-]-td-j³ \-S-¸-m-¡-n-h-c-p-¶-p. a-p-J-y-a-{´-n-b-p-sS k-w-c-w-`-I-X-z h-n-I-k-\ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n F-¶-m-W-v ]-²-X-n. {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v 4% ]-e-n-i-b-v-¡-v C-u h-m-b-v-] e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

tI-c-f-¯-n-te-¡-v sX-m-g-nÂ \-ã-s¸-«-v X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-p-¶ {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-p-w a-ä-p s]-m-X-p k-w-c-w-`-IÀ-¡-p-w a-n-I-¨ A-h-k-c-§Ä C-¶-v h-y-h-k-m-b ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-ï-v. h-n-]-W-n-¡-v B-h-i-y-a-p-Å a-n-I-¨ B-i-b-w, \-q-X-\ k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y, ]-c-a-m-h-[-n I-p-d-ª \-n-t£-]-w, kÀ-¡-mÀ \Â-I-p-¶ tk-h-\-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯Â F-¶-o I-m-c-y-§Ä {i-²-n-¨-v k-w-c-w-` ta-J-e-b-n-te-¡-v C-d-§-p-¶ s]-m-X-p k-w-c-w-`-IÀ-¡-v \-¶-m-b-n ti-m-`-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ k-m-l-N-c-y-w C-t¸-mÄ tI-c-f-¯-n-e-p-ï-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ a-®-v k-w-c-w-` h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-v I-q-S-n ]-m-I-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v k-X-y-a-m-W-v $

സംരംഭങ്ങളുടടഎളുപ്പവഴിേൾ

Sn.F-kv N-{µ³

(k‑w‑Ø‑m‑\ h‑y‑h‑k‑m‑b h‑m‑W‑n‑P‑yh‑I‑p‑¸‑v a‑p³ sU‑]‑y‑q‑«‑n U‑b‑d‑Î‑À)

http://pravasirisala.com/archives/2052


"k-z-´-a-m-b-n F-s´-¦-n-e-p-sa-m-s¡ X-p-S-§-W-w.' ]-e {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-w e-o-h-n-\-v

h-c-p-t¼-mÄ ]-d-b-p-¶ H-c-p Ø-n-c-w U-b-te-m-K-m-W-n-X-v. {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ a-m-{X-a-Ã-, N-n-e h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-fne-p-w b-p-h-m-¡-f-nep-sa-m-s¡ C-t¸-mÄ C-¯-c-w NÀ-¨-I-

_nkn\kv kwcw`§Ä hnPbn¸ns¨Sp¡m³th@ hgnIÄ, Ah ]cmPbs¸Sp¶ co-XnIÄ

XpS§nbh kw_Ôn¨ Btem-N-\IÄ.

k-p-sslÂ ]met¡[email protected]

സംരംഭങ്ങളുടടഎളുപ്പവഴിേൾ



fp-w N-n-´-I-f-p-w Dï-v. C-X-p-h-sc A-\-p-hÀ-¯-n-¨ ssi-e-n-I-f-nÂ h-¶ I-p-d-h-p-I-f-p-w kÀ-¡-mÀ X-e-¯-nÂ \-h-k-w-c-w-`-§Ä-¡-v \Â-I-p-¶ t{]-m-Õ-m-l-\-h-p-sa-m-s¡ C-u a-p-t¶-ä-¯-n-\-v tl-X-p-h-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-v I-m-W-m-w.

_-n-k-n-\-k-v k-w-c-w-`-w F-s¶-m-s¡ ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ s]-m-X-p-th \½psS NÀ-¨-I-f-nÂ D-bÀ-¶-p-tIÄ-¡-p-¶-X-v K-p-P-d-m-¯-n-IÄ, a-mÀ-h-m-U-n-IÄ F-s¶-m-s¡-b-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ \-q-ä-m-ï-p-IÄ-¡-v a-p-¼-v X-s¶ I-¨-h-S-¯-n-\-p-w h-y-m-]-m-c-¯-n-\-p-w t]-c-p-tI-« C-´-y-b-p-sS {]-[-m-\ h-y-m-]-m-c tI-{µ-§Ä F-Ã-m-w X-s¶ sX-t¡ C-´-y-b-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w tI-c-f X-o-c-§-f-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-v I-m-W-m-w. a-e-_-m-d-p-w a-p-k-v-e-n-w-I-f-p-w A-X-n-sâ tI-{µ-Ø-m-\-¯-v X-s¶ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-p-w N-c-n-{X-¯-m-f-p-I-f-nÂ I-m-W-m-w.

I-¨-h-S-¯-n-\-v C-k-v-e-m-w sI-m-S-p-¯ {]-m-[-m-\-y-h-p-w {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS-b-p-w k-z-l-m-_-¯-n-s\-b-p-w I-¨-h-S ]-m-c-¼-c-y-h-p-w ]-u-c-m-W-n-I a-p-k-v-e-n-w k-a-p-Z-m-b-s¯ I-¨-h-S-¯-n-te-¡-p-w h-y-m-]-m-c-¯-n-te-¡-p-w h-g-n-\-S-¯-n-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w. h-n-i-p-² J-pÀ-B-\-n-e-p-w X-n-c-p-l-Z-o-k-p-I-f-n-e-p-w I-¨-h-S-s¯ t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ h-N-\-§Ä F-¼-m-S-p-w Dï-v.

"k-X-y-k-Ô-\-p-w h-n-i-z-k-v -X-\-p-a-m-b I-¨-h-S-¡-m-c³ A-¼-n-b-m-¡-f-p-sS-b-p-w i-p-l-Z-m-¡-f-p-sS-b-p-w I-q-sS-b-m-W-v.'



C-_-v-\-p-D-aÀ(d) D-²-c-n-¨ l-Z-o-k-nÂ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v, \-o-X-n-a-m-\-p-w h-n-i-z-k-v-X-\-p-a-m-b I-¨-h-S-¡-m-c³ A-´-y-\-m-f-nÂ i-p-l-Z-m-¡-f-p-sS I-q-sS {]-X-n-^-e-w \Â-I-s¸-S-p-¶-h-\-m-W-v F-¶-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ I-¨-h-S-w/_-n-k-n-\-k-v \-o-X-n-b-p-à-h-p-w [À-a-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-h-p-a-mI-W-sa-¶-v C-kve-m-a-n-\-v \-nÀ-_-Ô-a-p-ï-v. _-n-k-n-\-k-n-e-p-w C-S-]-m-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w N-q-j-W-w a-m-{X-a-Ã, N-q-j-W k-m-[-y-X-sb t]-m-e-p-w C-kve-m-w IÀ-i-\-a-m-b-n X-S-b-p-¶-p.

H-c-p c-m-P-y-s¯ a-\-p-j-y a-\-p-tj-y-X-c h-n-`-h-§-f-p-sS b-Y-mÀ-Y h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-h-p-w ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-p-w k-m-[-y-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b k-w-c-w-`-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w A-X-n-t\-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v \-S-¡-p-¶ h-n-]-W-\-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-a-m-sW-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-w.

\-½Ä k-m-[-m-c-W-b-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-¯-n-\-v F-S-p-¡-m-¯-X-p-w N-n-e k-a-b-§-f-nÂ \-n-k-m-c-a-m-b-n X-Å-n-¡-f-b-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b ]-e {]-I-r-X-n-h-n-`-h-§-f-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-t¦-X-n-I-h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS-b-p-w a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v ssh-Z-K-v-[-y-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w k-l-m-b-¯-mÂ \-q-X-\-a-m-b D-X-v-]-¶-§-f-m-b-n c-q-]-m-´-c-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w D-bÀ-¶ a-q-e-y-w k-n-²-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ-b-p-w F-{X-tb-m D-Z-m-l-c-W-§-f-p-ï-v.

\-m-f-n-tI-c-h-p-w N-¡-b-p-sa-m-s¡ C-¶-v F-®-a-ä \-q-X-\ D-X-v-]-¶-§-f-m-b-n c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v \-a-p-¡-d-n-b-p-¶-X-m-W-tÃ-m. k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ h-e-n-b X-e-th-Z-\-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ th-Ì-v t]-m-e-p-w C-¶-v h-n-h-n-[ D-X-v-]-



¶-§-f-m-b-n c-q-]-m-´-c-s¸-S-p-¶-p. k-w-c-w-`-I-X-z-h-p-w C-t¶-m-th-j-\-p-w I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b-p-w B-k-q-{X-n-X-a-m-b-p-w ]-c-n-t]-m-j-n-¸-n-¡-s¸-«-X-n-sâ \-Ã ̂ -e-§-f-nÂ N-n-e-X-m-W-v taÂ k-q-N-n-¸-n-¨-X-v.

k-w-c-w-`-I-X-z-¯-n-\-p a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v ssh-Z-y-K-v-[-y-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w H-¸-w \-q-X-\ k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS-b-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-h-p-w {I-n-b-m-ß-I-h-p-a-m-b h-n-I-k-\-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ k-¼-¯-v N-p-c-p-§-n-b I-m-e-w sI-m-ï-p X-s¶ F-{X-tb-m a-S-§-p-I-f-m-b-n hÀ-[-n-¨-X-n-sâ D-Z-m-l-c-W-§Ä [-m-c-m-f-w \-½-p-sS a-p-¼-n-e-p-ï-v. C-´-y-b-n-se a-p³-\-n-c C-þ-sI-m-ta-g-v-k-v I-¼-\-n-b-m-b ^-vf-n-]-v-I-mÀ-«-v B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p th-ï-n 2007Â 10 e-£-w c-q-] \Â-I-n-b \-n-t£-]-I³ 2016Â 140 tI-m-S-n c-q-] B-b-n-«-m-W-v A-X-v ]-n³-h-e-n-¨-X-v. C-c-p-«-n sh-f-p-¡-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-v ]-W-¡-m-c-a-m-h-m-w F-¶-v ta-m-l-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ N-n-e X-«-n-¸-p-I-m-c-p-w C-u c-w-K-¯-p-ï-v. A-X-v k-q-£-n-¡-W-w. F-¶-mÂ IT-n-\-m-[-z-m-\-w sN-¿-m-\-p-Å a-\-k-p-w X-{´-]-c-a-m-b-n a-p-t¶-m-«-p-t]-m-I-m-\-p-Å I-g-n-h-p-w BÀ-P-n-s¨-S-p-¯-v c-w-K-¯-v h-c-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v A-\-´ k-m-[-y-X-I-f-m-W-v k-w-c-w-` c-w-K-¯-p-Å-X-v.

"F-´-v _-n-k-n-\-k-v X-p-S-§-p-w' te-J-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ \Â-I-n-b {]-k-v-X-m-h-\-b-p-sS A-S-p-¯ tN-m-Z-y-a-m-W-n-X-v. ]-e k-w-c-w-`-I ]-c-n-i-o-e-\ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-n-e-p-w ¢-m-sk-S-p-¡-m³ t]-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ C-S-th-f-I-f-n-e-p-w a-ä-p-w C-u tN-m-Z-y-w hc-m-d-p-ï-v. H-c-p k-w-c-w-`-w X-p-S-§-m³ F-´-m-W-v sN-t¿-ï-X-v A-sÃ-¦-nÂ



G-X-p-X-c-w B-i-b-§-f-m-W-v k-w-c-w-`-w X-p-S-§-m³ th-ï-sX-¶-v. \-a-p-¡-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m-w.

"Why'_-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-h-p-a-m-b-n I¬-kÄ-«-n-§-n-\-v

h-c-p-¶ ]-e-tc-m-S-p-w k-m-[-m-c-W tN-m-Z-n-¡-m-\-p-Å H-c-p tN-m-Z-y-a-m-W-v; "C-u _-n-k-n-\-k-v C-h-n-sS C-sÃ-¦-nÂ F-´-m-W-v {]-i-v-\-w.' \-n-§Ä-¡-v h-c-p-a-m-\-w D-ï-m-¡-W-w, _-n-k-n-\-k-v sN-¿-W-w F-¶-X-n-e-p-]-c-n \-n-§-f-p-sS _-n-k-n-\-k-v sI-m-ï-v te-m-I-¯-n-\-v F-´-v {]-tb-m-P-\-w? B-[-p-\-n-I _-n-k-n-\-k-v ]-c-n-k-c-¯-v C-u tN-m-Z-y-h-p-w D-¯-c-h-p-w k-w-c-w-`-I-sc k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v h-f-sc {]-[-m-\-s¸-«-X-m-W-v. I-m-c-W-w B-f-p-IÄ-¡-v [-m-c-m-f-w tN-m-b-v-k-p-IÄ a-p-¼-nÂ D-Å-t¸-mÄ A-h-sc \-n-§-f-p-sS D-X-v-]-¶-¯-n-\-v/ tk-h-\-¯-n-te-¡-v B-IÀ-j-n-¡-m-\-p-Å C-u why {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v. A-X-v a-m-{X-a-Ã, _-n-k-n-\-k-n-\-v {]-m-c-w-` L-«-§-f-nÂ A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-I-sf [-o-c-a-m-b-n t\-c-n-S-m³ C-u D-¯-c-w H-c-mÄ-¡-v {]-tN-m-Z-\-ta-I-p-w.

_-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-wH-c-p _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-¯-n-\-v D-ï-m-th-ï

{]-[-m-\-s¸-« K-p-W-w a-p-¼-v k-q-N-n-¸-n-¨ tN-m-Z-y-¯-n-sâ D-¯-c-am-W-v. H-c-p _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-¯-n-\-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-n-t¡-ï {]-[-m-\-s¸-« k-h-n-ti-j-X-IÄ



a-q-¶-m-sW-¶-v I-m-W-m-w.1. {]-i-v-\-]-c-n-l-m-c-w : _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-w k-a-q-

l-¯-n-se H-c-p {]-i-v-\-¯-n-\-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-h-W-w. k-a-q-l-w \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b-n B-{K-l-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p {]-i-v-\-¯-n-\-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-w B-h-p-I F-¶-X-v _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-¯-n-\-v G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-s¸-« k-h-n-ti-j-X-b-m-W-v.

D-Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-b-n, X-r-i-qÀ tI-{µ-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p \-h k-w-c-w-`-a-m-W-v ̂ -mÀ-ta-g-v-k-v {^-j-v tk-m¬. h-n-f-sh-S-p-¸-v k-a-b-w B-I-p-t¼-mÄ BÀ-¡-p-w th-ï-m-X-m-h-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ h-n-e C-S-n-b-p-I-b-p-w D-X-v-]-¶-§Ä \-i-n-¨-p-t]-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n I-mÀ-j-n-I-ta-J-e-b-nÂ kÀ-h k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-W-v. C-X-v ]-e-sc-b-p-w I-mÀ-j-n-I-ta-J-e-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v ]-n-´-n-c-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. C-u k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ IÀ-j-IÀ-¡-v a-mÀ-I-ä-n-te-¡-v e-n-¦-v \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w a-mÀ-I-ä-n-\-v A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v D-X-v-]-¶-§Ä D-ï-m-¡-p-¶ X-c-¯-n-te-¡-v IÀ-j-I-sc k-a-p-²-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v C-u I-¼-\-n sN-b-v-X-X-v.

2. h-y-X-n-c-n-à-X: "h-n-P-b-n-IÄ h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b I-m-c-y-§Ä sN-¿-p-¶-h-c-Ã, F-¶-mÂ I-m-c-y-§Ä h-y-X-y-k-v -X-a-m-b-n sN-¿-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v.' skÂ-^-v sU-h-e-]-v-saâ-v t{]-m-{K-m-a-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ H-c-p B-]-v-X-h-m-I-y-a-m-W-n-X-v. _-n-k-n-\-k-n-s\ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v C-X-v h-f-sc {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v. \-½-p-sS _-n-k-n-\-k-v h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-



W-w. A-sÃ-¦-nÂ D-X-v -]-m-Z-\-¯-n-te-m A-X-n-sâ D-]-tb-m-K-¯-n-te-m h-n-X-c-W c-o-X-n-b-n-te-m F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w h-y-X-n-c-n-à-X D-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w. Ì-o-h-v tP-m-_-v-k-v H-c-n-¡Â ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n. h-m-§-p-I-tb-m h-nÂ-¡-p-I-tb-m sN-¿-p-¶ H-c-p D-X-v-]-¶-¯-n-\-v b-Y-mÀ-Y a-q-e-y-w D-ï-m-I-p-¶-X-v ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯ H-c-a-q-e-y L-S-I-w A-X-nÂ D-ï-m-I-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v.

3. Value creation: I-m-kÀ-tK-m-U-v -I-m-c-\-m-b tU-m. k-P-n hÀ-K-o-k-v X-p-S-¡-w-I-p-d-n-¨ k-w-c-w-`-a-m-W-v »-Ê-n-M-v ]-m-w-k-v (blessing palms). \-½-p-sS ]-d-¼-p-I-f-nÂ BÀ-¡-m-\-p-w th-ï-m-sX \-i-n-¨-p t]-m-I-p-¶ D-W-§-n-b sX-t§-m-e-sb-S-p-¯-v k-w-k-v -I-c-n -¨-v k-t{S-m(Strow) D-ï-m-¡-n h-n-tZ-i c-m-P-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v h-sc I-b-ä-n A-b-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v C-u C-w-¥-o-j-v A-[-y-m-]-I³. C-u k-w-c-w-`-¯-n-sâ {]-m-[-m-\-y-w, B-c-p-w {i-²-n-¡-m-sX \-i-n-¨-v t]-m-I-p-¶ H-c-p h-n-`-h-¯-n-\-v A-X-y-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b H-c-p a-q-e-y-w k-r-ã-n-¨-p F-¶-X-m-W-v. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w C-u D-X-v-]-¶ \-nÀ-a-m-W-¯-nÂ tP-m-e-n sN-¿-p-¶ {K-m-a-o-W-c-m-b k-z-b-w k-l-m-b k-w-L-§-f-n-se h-\-n-X-I-f-p-sS i-m-à-o-I-c-W-h-p-w. A-h-c-p-sS I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ/{K-m-a-§-f-nÂ Ø-m-b-n-b-m-b ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-¡-v I-m-c-W-a-m-h-p-sa-¶-v X-oÀ-¨-b-m-W-v. \-m-w H-c-p _-n-k-n-\-k-v sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-v k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ D-bÀ-¶ a-q-e-y-k-r-ã-n-¸-n-\-p-w a-q-e-y-hÀ-[-\-h-n-\-p-w I-m-c-W-a-m-I-W-w.



D-d-¨ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w_-nÂ-tK-ä-v-k-v H-c-n-¡Â ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n.

H-c-p h-y-à-n-b-p-sS-tb-m Ø-m-]-\-¯-n-sâ-tb-m h-n-P-b-¯-n-\-v a-q-¶-v L-S-I-§-f-p-ï-v.

1. F-h-n-tS-¡-m-W-v F-t¯-ï-X-v F-¶-d-n-b-p-I.2. A-X-n-\-v F-´-v h-n-e \Â-I-W-w F-¶-d-n-b-p-I.3. B h-n-e \Â-I-p-I.Z-uÀ-`-m-K-y-I-c-sa-¶-v ]-d-b-s«, te-m-I-¯-n-se

0.2 % B-f-p-IÄ a-m-{X-ta a-q-¶-m-a-s¯ I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-q. te-m-I k-¼-Z-vh-y-h-Ø-b-p-sS 80%\-p a-p-I-f-n-e-p-w B 0.2%sâ \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v. \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-§Ä ]-d-b-p-¶ a-n-¡ B-f-p-I-f-p-w C-u a-q-¶-m-a-s¯ sÌ-]-v F-S-p-¡-m-d-n-Ã F-¶-v I-m-W-m-w. A-X-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w a-m-d-n _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-i-b-k-w-_-Ô-a-m-b {]-[-m-\ h-n-i-I-e-\-§Ä-¡-p-w ]T-\-§Ä-¡-p-w ti-j-w [-o-c-a-m-b X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w F-S-p-¯-v a-p-t¶-m-«-v t]-m-h-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-W-w.

I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-s¸-«D-]-t`-m-à-m-h-v

D-]-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-v [-m-c-m-f-w tN-m-b-v-k-p-IÄ e-`-y-a-m-b I-m-e-a-m-W-v C-sX-¶-v a-p-t¼ k-q-N-n-¸-n-¨-p-h-tÃ-m. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-s¶ C-u D-]-t`-m-à-r i-r-w-J-e-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v \-½-p-sS D-]-t`-m-à-m-h-n-s\ I-r-X-y-a-m-b-p-w k-v-]-ã-a-m-b-p-w \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-m³ \-a-p-¡-v k-m-[-n-¡-W-w. C-´-y-b-nÂ t]-c-p-tI-« I-¼-\-n-b-m-W-v



Cafe Coffee Day. A-hÀ _-n-k-n-\-k-v B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v {_-m³-U-U-v B-b-X-p-w A-Ã-m-¯-X-p-a-m-b [-m-c-m-f-w tI-m-^-o tj-m-¸-p-IÄ C-´-y-b-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ A-X-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n tI-m-^-n I-p-S-n-¡-m-\-Ã-m-sX tI-m-^-n tj-m-¸-nÂ I-b-d-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v th-ï-n-b-m-W-v Cafe Coffee Day tI-m-^-n tj-m-¸-v \-S-¯-n-b-X-v.

S-o-w_-n-k-n-\-k-v H-c-n-¡-e-p-w H-c-p G-I-m-w-K \-m-S-I-a-Ã.

B-[-p-\-n-I I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w. _-n-k-n-\-k-n-sâ ssZ-\-w-Z-n-\ I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ GÀ-s¸-S-p-¶ S-o-a-p-w A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w _-n-k-n-\-k-v Ø-m-]-I-c-p-sS S-o-a-p-w {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v.

{]-k-v-X-p-X S-o-a-n-\-v {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w _-n-k-n-\-k-v S-o-a-n-\-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-n-t¡-ï {]-[-m-\-s¸-« L-S-I-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-p-s¸-«/F-g-p-X-s¸-« Ø-m-\-§-f-p-w N-p-a-X-e-I-f-p-w (Rules & Responsibilities) B-W-v. A-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v \Â-I-s¸-« N-p-a-X-e-I-f-nÂ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-sa-S-p-¡-m-\-p-Å A-[-n-I-m-c-w. ]-e _-n-k-n-\-k-v S-o-a-n-sâ-b-p-w {]-i-v-\-§Ä-¡-v I-m-c-W-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v S-o-a-w-K-§-f-p-sS D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-X-z-w \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-p-¶-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-s¸-« A-[-n-I-m-c-§Ä C-Ã-m-¯-X-m-W-v. I-q-S-m-sX H-c-p S-o-a-n-sâ h-n-P-b-¯-nÂ {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v S-o-w A-w-K-§Ä ]-c-k-v-]-c ]-q-c-I-§-f-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-sa-¶-X-v.



^-@-vc-ï-v c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-W-v _-n-k-n-\-k-nÂ ̂ -ï-v h-n-\-n-

tb-m-K-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v.1. a-p-S-¡-p a-p-XÂ (Capital)2. {]hÀ¯\ aqe[\w (Working Capital)]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w ]-e k-w-c-w-`-§-sf-b-p-w {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-

b-n-e-m-¡-p-¶ I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v {]-hÀ-¯-\ a-q-e-[-\-¯-n-sâ A-`-m-h-w. a-Õ-c-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-¼-¯-n-I N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-nÂ _-n-k-n-\-k-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-c-p-a-m-\-w h-¶-p X-p-S-§-m³ N-n-e-t¸-mÄ G-X-m-\-p-w k-a-b-w F-S-p-t¯-¡-m-w. A-{X-b-p-w I-m-e-w ]-n-S-n-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-m-\-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\ a-q-e-[-\-w H-c-p k-w-c-w-`-I³ B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-n-¡-W-w. ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w ]-e k-w-c-w-`-§-f-p-w B-h-i-y-¯-n-\-v {]-hÀ-¯-\ a-q-e-[-\-w I-m-W-m-sX Ø-m-]-\-w X-p-S-§-p-¶ a-p-d-¡-v h-c-p-a-m-\-w h-¶-p-sI-m-Å-p-sa-¶-p-w A-X-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w N-n-e-h-g-n-¡-m-sa-¶-p-w A-\-p-a-m-\-n-¡-p-w. C-X-v h-e-n-b {]-b-m-k-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-m³ tl-X-p-h-m-I-p-w. C-u L-S-I-§-f-p-sS I-r-X-y-a-m-b G-I-o-I-c-W-h-p-w i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-a-m-b D-X-v-]-¶ h-n-X-c-W B-i-b-h-n-\-n-a-b {]-{I-n-b-b-p-w I-q-S-n-t¨-c-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v H-c-p a-n-I-¨ k-w-c-w-`-w D-bÀ-¶-p h-c-p-¶-X-v $

(hïqÀ F-k-v F-^-v k-n sN-bÀ-a-m-\-m-W-v te-J-I³)



C-´-y-b-n-se ta-m-tU¬ sa-U-n-k-n-sâ N-c-n-{X-¯-n-\-p {_-n-«-o-j-v A-[-n-\-n-th-i-t¯-m-f-w

]-g-¡-a-p-ï-v. A-X-n-\-p ti-j-w ]-e L-«-§-f-n-e-m-b-n A-X-v a-m-ä-§Ä-¡-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-b-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ a-m-ä-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-«-p-w A-X-v G-sd-sb-m-¶-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-s¸-S-m-sX I-n-S-¡-p-¶ H-c-p ta-J-e-b-m-W-v C-´-y-b-n-se ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n s{]-m-^-j³. ^-mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-v C-Ã-m-sX H-c-p slÂ-¯-v

^mÀ-a-kn-ÌvB-tcm-Ky ta-J-e-¡v

A-\y-t\m?Cý³ saUn¡Â knÌ¯nÂ ̂ mÀa-knÌv

Xgbs¸Sp¶p@ v. B Icnbdnt\mSpwtcmKnItfmSpw sN¿p¶ A\oXnbmWXv.

ap-lv-kn-\ [email protected]

teJ\wArticle


sI-bÀ S-o-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-h-p-¶-n-Ã; F-¶-Ã, A-X-v X-n-I-ª ]-c-m-P-b-h-p-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. tc-m-K-a-p-à-n-¡-v a-c-p-s¶-¶ t]-m-se A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-W-v tc-m-K-n-¡-v ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-v.

1940 Â \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶ {U-K-v-k-v & tI-m-k-v-sa-ä-n-I-v-k-v B-Î-v {]-I-m-c-w a-c-p-¶-p-Å-n-S-s¯-Ã-m-w ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-I F-¶-m-W-v \-n-b-a-w. D-X-v-]-m-Z-\-w a-p-XÂ D-]-tb-m-K-w h-sc, A-Y-h-m, I-r-X-y-h-p-w I-W-n-i-h-p-a-m-b-n A-X-v tc-m-K-n-b-n-te-s¡-¯-p-w h-sc.

C-´-y-b-nÂF-´-v k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-p?

I-g-n-ª ]-¯-v hÀ-j-¯-n-\-n-sS ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-n-sâ H-g-n-h-p-IÄ \-n-I-¯-m³ H-c-p d-n-{I-q-«-v-saâ-v t]-m-e-p-w \-S-¯-m-¯ k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä D-sï-¶-m-W-v h-n-h-c-w (tI-m-h-n-U-v ]-m³-sU-a-n-I-v h-sc-b-p-Å I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. tI-m-h-n-U-v t]-m-c-m-«-¯-n-\-p ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-IÄ I-q-S-p-XÂ B-h-i-y-a-m-b-X-v sI-m-ï-v d-n-{I-q-«-v sN-¿-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-m-w F-¶ k-w-i-b-¯-n-sâ B-\-p-I-q-e-y-w \Â-I-m-w. tI-m-h-n-U-v ss^-ä-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n F-{X ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-sf ]-p-X-p-X-m-b-n F-S-p-¯-p F-¶ I-W-¡-v e-`-y-a-Ã). ]-¯-v hÀ-j-¯-n-\-n-S-¡-v C-h-n-S-p-s¯ P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-w B-\-p-]-m-X-n-I-a-m-b-n tc-m-K-n-I-f-p-w F-{X-t¯-m-f-w hÀ-[-n-¨-p-sh-¶-X-v I-W-¡-m-¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v C-X-n-sâ ̀ -o-I-c-X h-y-à-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v. tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-v {]-_-p-² tI-c-f-¯-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w tc-m-K-n-IÄ-¡-v a-c-p-¶-v \Â-I-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w h-n-X-c-W-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w \-g-v-k-p-a-m-c-p-w B-i-m hÀ-¡À-a-mÀ h-sc-b-p-w B-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v a-sä-m-c-p k-X-y-w.

teJ\wArticle


^-mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-n-sâ A-t\-I-w td-m-f-p-I-f-nÂ U-n-k-v-s]³-k-n-M-v A-Y-h-m a-c-p-¶-v h-n-X-c-W-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v C-´-y D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. A-U-v-a-n-ä-m-b tc-m-K-n-I-sf k-µÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶ d-u-ï-v-k-v S-o-w, U-n-k-v-N-mÀ-P-v sa-U-n-k-n³ A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v, tc-m-K-n-I-f-p-sS A-S-p-¯-v \-n-¶-p-Å h-n-h-c-ti-J-c-W-w, A-X-n-sâ h-n-i-I-e-\-w (t]-j-yâ-v sa-U-n-t¡-j³ l-n-Ì-d-n A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v), {S-o-ä-v-saâ-v A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v, t]-j-yâ-v I-u¬-k-n-e-n-M-v, sa-U-n-k-n³ {]-n-k-v-ss{I-_-n-M-v, {]-tX-y-I k-m-l-N-c-y-§-f-nÂ k-a-q-l-s¯ t_-m-[-h-X-v -I-c-n-¡Â X-p-S-§-n h-n-tZ-i c-m-P-y-§Ä ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-sf D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ H-c-p ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w C-h-n-sS \-n-§Ä-¡-v ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-n-s\ I-m-W-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã. tc-m-K-h-p-w a-c-p-¶-p-I-f-p-w {]-[-m-\-a-m-h-p-¶ C-S-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v A-X-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-a-m-b-n k-w-k-m-c-n-t¡-ï-hÀ a-m-ä-n\-nÀ-¯-s¸-S-p-¶ X-oÀ-¯-p-w A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-b k-m-l-N-c-y-w. tI-m-g-v-k-n-sâ 80% k-a-b-h-p-w a-c-p-¶-p-I-f-p-sS sI-a-n-¡Â k-v-{S-I-v-NÀ a-p-XÂ B-£³, d-n-b-m-£³, DXv-]-m-Z-\-w, I-z-m-f-n-ä-n A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v, a-mÀ-I-ä-n-M-v, ssk-U-v C-^-Î-v, H-m-hÀ-tU-m-k-n-M-v, t]-m-b-v-k-W-n-M-v, A-X-n-sâ a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v, I-g-n-¡-p-¶ a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ ]-c-k-v-]-c-ta-m, a-c-p-¶-p-I-f-p-w ̀ -£-W-h-p-w X-½-n-te-m \-S-¡-m-\-n-S-b-p-Å Câ-d-m-£³-k-v, tU-m-k-v I-mÂ-¡-p-te-j³, _-Ô-s¸-« \-n-b-a h-y-h-Ø-IÄ.. F-Ã-m-a-m-b-n a-Ã-n-«-v h-c-p-¶ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-n-t\-m-S-v C-´-y³ h-y-h-Ø-b-p-w C-h-n-S-p-s¯ B-tc-m-K-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-w B-h-i-y-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v tU-m-ÎÀ h-c-¨-v sh-¨-X-v F-S-p-¯-v X-¶-mÂ a-X-n-sb-¶-m-W-v. a-sä-m-¶-n-

teJ\wArticle


e-p-w C-S-s]-tS-ï-X-n-sÃ-¶-m-W-v. \-½-p-sS B-tc-m-K-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-f-p-sS I-z-m-f-n-ä-n I-p-d-¡-m³ th-ï-n a-Õ-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-sW-¶-v tX-m-¶-m-d-p-ï-v.

UK, US, I-m-\-U t]-m-e-p-Å c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-sf Prescribing Pharmacist t]-m-Ì-p-I-f-nÂ D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p-sï-¶-p-w A-X-v A-h-c-p-sS slÂ-¯-v Ì-m-ä-k-n-s\ I-m-c-y-a-m-b-n-¯-s¶ sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sb-¶-p-w sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-¶ ]T-\-§Ä \-½-p-sS a-p-¶-n-e-p-ï-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ ]-©-m-_-v, b-p ]-n, D-¯-c-m-©Â, l-n-a-m-NÂ {]-tZ-i-v k-w-Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ C-X-n-\-v A-\-p-a-X-n-b-p-sï-¦-nepw th-ï-h-n-[-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-h-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-m-W-v A-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v.

F-´-p-sI-m@-v ?F-§-s\ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-w?

^-mÀ-a-k-n s{]-m-^-j-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å A-t\-I-m-b-n-c-w sX-ä-n-²-m-c-W-I-tf-m [-m-c-W- C-Ã-m-b-v-a-tb-m B-W-v {]-Y-a-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-h-p-a-m-b {]-i-v-\-w. A-X-v A-[-n-I-m-c-n hÀ-K-§-f-nÂ X-p-S-§-n k-m-[-m-c-W P-\-§-f-nÂ h-sc h-y-m-]-n-¨-p I-n-S-¡-p-¶-p.

C-´-y-b-nÂ, U-n-]-mÀ-S-v-saâ-v H-m-^-v ̂ -mÀ-a-k-y-q-«-n-¡Â-k-v, sk³-{SÂ K-h¬-saâ-n-sâ a-n-\-n-k-v-{S-n H-m-^-v sI-a-n-¡Â-k-v & s^À-«-n-sse-tk-g-v -k-n-\-p I-o-g-n-e-m-W-v h-c-p-¶-X-v-. \-½-p-sS ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-IÄ H-c-p slÂ-¯-v- sI-bÀ s{]-m-^-j-\-e-m-h-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-I-c-w H-c-p sI-a-n-¡Â sk-Ã-d-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-X-nÂ C-\-n-b-p-w A-Z-v-`-p-X-s¸-tS-ï-X-n-Ã.

C-´-y³ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-y-q-«-n-¡Â h-n-]-W-n te-m-I-¯-n-

teJ\wArticle


se X-s¶ G-ä-h-p-w a-n-I-¨-h-b-nÂ H-¶-m-W-v. 1990\-p-w 2015\-p-a-n-S-¡-v G-I-tZ-i-w 30 _-n-Ã-y¬ tU-m-f-d-n-sâ h-fÀ-¨-b-m-W-v tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. C-c-p-\-q-d-n-e-[-n-I-w c-m-P-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v \-½Ä a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ I-b-ä-n A-b-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. 2011 U-n-k-w-_-d-nÂ sN-ss¶-b-nÂ sh-¨-v \-S-¶ C-´-y³ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-y-q-«-n-¡Â tI-m¬-{K-k-nÂ k-w-k-m-c-n-¨hÀ ]-d-ª-X-v, C-´-y³ F-¡-tW-m-a-n-b-p-sS ss{U-h-n-M-v k-o-ä-n-te-¡-v ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n I-S-¶-p-h-c-p-¶ I-m-e-w h-n-Z-q-c-a-sÃ-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-v C-´-y te-m-I-¯-n-sâ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-b-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p F-¶-m-W-v j-m-M-v-l-m-b-v tI-m-¸-td-j³ H-mÀ-K-ss\-tk-j³ sk-{I-«-d-n, P-\-dÂ h-v-f-n-U-n-aÀ t\-mÀ-tZ-m-h-v A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-«-X-v.

h-n-]-W-n-b-p-sS h-fÀ-¨-b-p-w a-m-ä-§-f-p-w ]-t£, B-tc-m-K-y-ta-J-e-b-nÂ {]-X-n-^-e-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w. B h-fÀ-¨ P-\-§-f-n-te-s¡-¯-n-t¡-ï-hÀ ]-c-m-P-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p F-¶-v I-c-p-X-m-t\ \-n-h-r-¯-n-b-p-Å-q. A-X-n-\-v h-n-X-c-W-¡-m-c-m-th-ï-n-b-n-c-p-¶-hÀ X-f-¨-n-S-s¸-«-p. ta-m-N-\-h-p-w a-m-ä-§-f-p-w A-h-n-sS \-n-¶-v X-p-S-t§-ï-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

h-n-]-W-n-b-p-sS h-fÀ-¨ P-\-§-f-p-sS B-tc-m-K-y \-n-e-h-m-c-w B-\-p-]-m-X-n-I-a-m-b-n sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-p-

teJ\wArticle


¶-n-Ã F-¶-X-n-sâ a-sä-m-c-p I-m-c-W-w K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-w I-p-d-ª a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ a-mÀ-I-ä-nÂ F-¯-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-h-m-w. {U-K-v-k-v & tI-m-k-v-sa-ä-n-I-v-k-v B-Î-n-sâ N-«-§-sf ]-c-k-y-a-m-b-n e-w-L-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-v I-q-W-p-IÄ t]-m-se a-p-f-¨-p s]-m-´-p-¶ ]-e ̂ -mÀ-a I-¼-\-n-IÄ-¡-p-w k-z-´-a-m-b-n R & D U-n-h-n-j-t\-m I-z-m-f-n-ä-n I¬-t{S-mÄ U-n-]-mÀ-S-v-sa-tâ-m C-Ã F-¶-X-v h-k-v-X-p-X-b-m-W-v. C-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b {U-K-v I¬-t{S-mÄ U-n-]-mÀ-S-v-saâ-p-w {U-K-v sS-Ì-n-M-v e-t_-m-d-«-d-n-I-f-p-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-m³ B-h-i-y-s¸-«-p-sI-m-ï-v C-´-y³ ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-v-k-v A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j-\-v (IPA), C-´-y-m K-h¬-saâ-n-\-v I-¯-b-t¡-ï-nh-¶-X-v. C-\-n-b-p-w \-S-]-S-n-b-m-h-m-sX I-n-S-¡-p-¶ B \-nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä {]-m-_-e-y-¯-nÂ h-c-p-¶-X-v sX-m-g-nÂ c-l-n-X-c-m-b A-t\-I-w ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-IÄ-¡-v tP-m-e-n e-`-n-¡-m-\-p-w \-n-e-h-m-c-a-n-Ã-m-¯ a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ a-mÀ-¡-ä-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-p-S-¨-p-\-o-¡-m-\-p-w A-X-p-h-g-n k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ B-tc-m-K-y-Ø-n-X-n sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-w k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-w.

^-mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-p-I-f-p-w s]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l-h-p-w I-p-td-¡-q-S-n D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-X-z-t¯-m-sS N-n-´-n-t¡-ï-X-p-w \-n-b-a-§-f-p-w k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-w h-sc A-g-n-¨-p ]-W-n-tb-ï-X-p-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-X-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. ̂ -mÀ-a-k-n-Ì-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-§Ä-¡-v AÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-sX-Ã-m-w e-`-n-¡-p-I-sb-¶-X-v tc-m-K-n-b-p-sS A-h-I-m-i-a-m-W-v. A-X-n-s\ X-S-b-p-¶-sX-´-p-w A-h-tc-m-S-v sN-¿-p-¶ A-\-o-X-n-b-p-w! $

teJ\wArticle



{]hmkwPravasam

"a-X-n-b-m-b-n, C-\-n C-u h-m-k-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. _-m-¡-n-b-p-Å I-m-e-w I-p-S-p-w-_-

t¯-m-sS-m-¯-v D-Å I-ª-n-b-p-w I-p-S-n-¨-v I-g-n-b-W-w', F-¶-X-v H-m-tc-m A-h-[-n-¡-m-e-a-S-p-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w a-\-k-n-e-q-sS a-n-¶-m-b-w X-oÀ-¡-m-¯ KÄ-^-p-I-m-c-\-p-ï-m-I-n-Ã. N-n-e-c-X-v ]-d-ª-p sI-m-tï-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. ]-e-c-p-w \-n-h-r-¯-n-tI-S-p-sI-m-ï-v D-Å-n-se-m-X-p-¡-n X-p-S-c-p-w.

2 0 2 0{]hm-k hÀjw

t]-mb hÀj-w Nc-n{X¯-nÂ CS-w t\S-pI al-ma-mc-n ¡-mea-mb-mW-v. AX-v ]IÀ¶ FÃ-m ]-mT¯-n\-pa¸-pd-w

{]h-mk-n¡-v C-u hÀj-w aä-p N-neX-v I-qS-n X¶-p.

epJv-am³ hn-f-¯qÀ[email protected]


F-¶-mÂ C-§-s\ B-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p ]-d-ª-v A-h-k-m-\-w D-d-¸-n-s¨-m-c-p X-o-c-p-a-m-\-h-p-w F-S-p-¯-v k-p-l-r-¯-p-¡-sfbpw sI-«-n-¸-n-S-n-¨-v b-m-{X ]-d-ª-n-d-§-n-b-hÀ A-[-n-I-w ssh-I-m-sX X-n-c-n-¨-p h-c-p-¶ I-m-g-v-N-b-p-w {]-h-m-k te-m-I-¯-v k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-W-v. ]-d-ª-p h-c-p-¶-X-v A-X-Ã, C-¯-c-w A-`-n-i-]-v-X-X-b-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-m-h-Ø-I-f-n-e-q-sS I-S-¶-p t]-m-I-m-¯-hÀ t]-m-e-p-w H-tc-m ]-p-X-p-hÀ-j-w k-a-m-K-X-am-I-p-t¼-m-g-p-w H-c-p \-n-i-z-m-k-w t]-m-se D-c-p-h-n-S-p-¶ H-¶-p-ï-v. P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se H-m-tc-m ]-p-X-p-hÀ-j-h-p-w {]-h-m-k-n-b-m-b-n ]-p-e-c-p-t¼-mÄ A-S-p-¯ sI-m-Ã-sa-¦-n-e-p-w \-m-«-nÂ H-c-p \-Ã hÀ-j-s¯ h-c-thÂ-¡-m-\-m-I-p-ta-m F-¶ h-n-N-m-c-a-m-W-X-v. B-tL-m-j-§-f-p-sS s]-m-e-n-a-¡-v th-ï \-n-d-¨-mÀ-¯-p-IÄ \-m-«-n-e-m-b-X-v sI-m-ï-Ã, a-d-n-¨-v, {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-sS a-\-k-p-w \-m-S-p-w X-½-nÂ A-{X-taÂ _-Ô-s¸-«-v I-n-S-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v sI-m-ï-m-W-X-v. B tX-m-¶-e-n-\-v i-à-n {]-m-]-n-¨ I-m-e-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-¡-g-n-ª hÀ-j-w. F-§-s\-sb-¦-n-e-p-w H-¶-v \-m-«-n-se-¯-n-sb-¦-nÂ F-¶-v B-c-p-w B-{K-l-n-¨ I-m-e-w.

B-b-p-k-n-se H-m-tc-m hÀ-j-w X-o-c-p-t¼-m-g-p-w A-h P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ X-§-n \-nÂ-¡-p-I ]-e I-m-c-W-§Ä sI-m-ï-m-I-p-w. F-¶-mÂ a-\-p-j-y³ H-c-n-¡-e-p-w a-d-¡-m³ C-S-b-n-Ã-m-¯ hÀ-j-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w 2020. tI-m-h-n-sU-¶ a-l-m-a-m-c-n h-c-n-ª-pa-p-d-p-¡-n-b ]-c-n-k-c-§-f-nÂ i-c-n-¡-p-w P-o-h-\-p-w a-c-W-¯-n-\-p-a-n-S-b-nÂ F-´-p-sN-¿-W-sa-¶-d-n -b-m-sX I-p-S-p-§-n-t¸-m-b A-h-Ø-b-m-W-v {]-h-m-k-n-¡-v D-ï-m-b-X-v. k-I-e k-m-t¦-X-n-I k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-w ]-I-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-p-

{]hmkwPravasam


I-tb-m \-n-e-¡-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X h-Ã-m-¯ k-a-b-w. C-¶-p-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-n A-X-n-P-o-h-\-w k-m-[-y-a-m-b-n-«-n-Ã. F-¶-mÂ P-\-w ]-X-n-sb ]-p-X-p-k-m-[-m-c-X-z-s¯ DÄ-s¡-m-ï-tX-m-sS H-c-p X-m-Z-m-ß-y-w k-m-[-y-a-m-I-p-I-b-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y t_-m-[-¯-n-te-¡-v s]-m-X-p-th X-n-c-n-¨-p-h-c-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v.

t]-m-b-hÀ-j-w F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w F-S-p-¯-p ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-w, X-o-c-m-sX X-p-S-c-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ tI-m-h-n-U-\-p-`-h-§-f-p -sS sh-d-p -§-e-n -¸-p -IÄ-s¡-m-¸-w {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ D-ï-m-b H-c-p a-d-p-h-i-a-p-ï-v. A-X-v ]-p-X-n-b X-e-a-p-d-b-n-se {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ ]-d-ª-p tI-« B-Z-y-I-m-e {]-h-m-k A-\-p-`-h-§-f-p-sS ]-p-\À-P-\-n D-ï-m-b-n F-¶-X-m-W-v. t\-sc sN-m-sÆ ]-d-ª-mÂ KÄ-^-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p X-g-¼-n-¨ I-p-sd-b-[-n-I-w I-Y-IÄ b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-¯-nÂ ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-s¯ I-q-S-n A-\-p-`-h-a-m-b-n. ]-g-b KÄ-^-v A-\-p-`-h-§-f-nÂ \-n-c-´-c-w \-n-d-ª-p \-n-¶-n-c-p-¶ h-n-c-l-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w, A-c-£-n-X-m-h-Ø-b-p-sS-b-p-w, I-c-p-X-n-b t]-m-se b-m-{X sN-¿-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯-X-n-sâ-b-p-w, H-c-p th-f ]-«-n-W-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w. tc-m-K-m-h-Ø-b-p-sS-b-p-w, F-t¸-mÄ \-m-S-W-b-m³ I-g-n-b-p-sa-¶ B-[-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w, H-ä-s¸-S-e-n-sâ-b-p-w H-s¡ hÀ-j-a-m-W-v I-g-n-ª-p t]-m-b-X-v. C-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ]-g-b {]-h-m-k P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-e-p-w a-p-´-n \-n-¶-X-v. KÄ-^-v {]-h-m-k-w i-à-n-s¸-« I-m-e-t¯-¡-p-Å i-c-n-b-m-b a-S-§-n-t¸-m-¡-v.. I-®-I-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ {]-n-b-s¸-«-h-c-p-sS i-Ð-sa-m-¶-v tIÄ-¡-m³ ]-p-eÀ-¨-¡-v a-p-t¼ F-g-p-t¶-ä-v sS-e-n-t^-m¬ _-q-¯-p-IÄ-¡-v a-p-¶-nÂ D-u-g-w I-m-¯-v h-c-n \-nÂ-t¡-ï A-h-Ø D-ï-m-b-n-sÃ-¶-v a-m-{X-w. k-¼À-

{]hmkwPravasam


¡-§Ä h-n-e-¡-s¸-«-t¸-m-g-p-w \-m-«-nÂ t]-m-¡-n-sâ C-S-th-f-I-f-nÂ A-\-n-Ý-n-X-X-z-w \-n-d-ª-t¸-m-g-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS _-e-¯-nÂ h-o-U-n-tb-m tI-m-f-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v ]-n-s¶-b-hÀ P-o-h-n-¨-X-v.

C-u A-h-Ø sN-d-p -X-m-sb-m-¶-p-a-Ã {]hm-knsb A-e-«-n-b-X-v. H-c-p sN-d-n-b k-w-`-h-w ]-d-b-m-w. tI-m-h-n-U-n-t\-m-S-v s]-m-c-p-¯-s¸-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n, h-n-]-W-n-b-p-w sX-c-p-h-p-w sX-m-g-n-e-n-S-§-f-p-w D-WÀ-s¶-m-c-p k-m-b-m-Ó-w I-q-«-p-I-m-tc-m-sS-m-¯-v H-c-p a-c-p-`-q-k-w-K-a-w \-S-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. D-Ã-m-k-h-p-w I-f-n-b-p-w K-r-l-m-X-p-c hÀ-¯-a-m-\-§-f-p-w ̀ -£-W-h-p-w l-c-w ]-n-S-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v H-c-m-f-p-sS tN-m-Z-y-w, A-S-p-¯ A-h-[-n-¡-v F-´-m-b-m-e-p-w \-a-p-s¡-h-n-sS-sb-¦-n-e-p-w C-X-p-t]-m-se t]-m-bmtem F-¶-v. I-«-n-b-p-Å I-p-¸-m-b-§Ä X-p-f-¨-p X-W-p-¸-v i-c-o-c-¯-n-te-¡-v A-c-n-s¨-¯-p-¶ t\-c-¯-v a-c-p-`-q-a-n-b-n-se X-m-X-v-I-m-e-n-I ssJ-a-b-nÂ I-g-n-b-m-\-p-Å A-\-p-`-q-X-n A-£-c-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ \-p-IÀ-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ H-m-tc-m {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-w, A-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ \-¶-m-b-n B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-b-v-sX-m-c-p b-m-{X-¡-v \-q-d-p-h-«-w k-¶-²-a-m-tI-ï-X-m-W-v. A-X-p-w G-ä-h-p-w {]-n-b-s¸-« I-q-S-p-I-m-tc-m-sS-m-¯-v. F-¶-mÂ "C-\-n-sb-m-sc-m-g-n-h-v I-n-«-p-¶ B-Z-y-L-«-¯-nÂ F-§-s\-sb-¦-n-e-p-w \-m-S-p-]-n-S-n-¡-m³ t\-m-¡-p-I-b-Ã-m-sX \-n-sâ-sb-m-c-p {S-n-¸-p-w ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-w!' F-¶ X-n-c-n-¨-p-Å a-d-p-]-S-n-b-nÂ F-´-p-a-m-{X-w h-y-Y-I-f-p-w \-m-S-b-m-\-m-I-m-¯-X-n-se th-Z-\-b-p-w H-f-n-ª-n-c-n-¸-p-sï-t¶-m?

a-e-b-m-f-n-b-p-sS {]-h-m-k-¯-n-\-v \-q-ä-m-ï-p-I-f-p-sS N-c-n-{X-w ]-d-b-m-\-p-ï-v. P-o-h-n-X-a-mÀ-K-w tX-S-n t]-m-

{]hmkwPravasam


b-h-c-p-w C-d-§-n-¸-p-d-s¸-«-h-c-p-w B-{K-l-n-¡-m-sX F-¯-n-s¸-«-h-c-p-w C-u I-q-«-¯-n-e-p-ï-m-I-p-w. {]-h-m-k-w i-à-n-s¸-« I-m-e-¯-v A-{X I-c-p-X-n-b-Ã-m-sX ssI-a-m-d-s¸-« N-n-e A-\-p-`-h-§-tf-m h-n-h-c-§-tf-m tI-«-d-n-h-p-I-tf-m H-s¡-b-m-W-v k-m-l-n-X-y-¯-n-e-p-w k-n-\-n-a-b-n-e-p-w KÄ-^-v-I-m-W-m-¯ H-c-p i-c-m-i-c-n a-e-b-m-f-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w H-s¡ a-\-k-n-e-p-Å {]-h-m-k-w. A-X-n-\-¸-p-d-w H-c-p ]-p-\À-P-\-n 2020 Â D-ï-m-b-n, A-Ã sI-m-td-m-W D-ï-m-¡-n F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-m-I-p-w i-c-n.

\-m-S-p-t]-£-n-¨-v ]-p-d-s¸-«-v t]-m-¶ \-n-c-h-[-n t]-c-p-sS h-n-bÀ-¸-p-w k-z-]-v-\-h-p-w A-[-z-m-\-h-p-w tNÀ-¶-v sI-«-n-¸-S-p-¡-s¸-«-X-m-W-v C-¶-s¯ KÄ-^-v. C-h-n-sS-b-p-Å ̀ -c-W I-q-S-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w X-t±-i-o-b-c-p-sS-b-p-w I-c-p-W-b-p-w I-c-p-X-e-p-w k-l-I-c-W-h-p-w k-v-t\-l-h-p-w sI-m-ï-v A-t\-I-w I-m-e-§-f-p-sS k-m-a-q-l-n-I k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I c-m-{ã-o-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v A-X-v k-m-[-y-a-m-b-X-v. F-¶-mÂ C-X-n-\-v ]-n-¶-m-¼-p-d-s¯ k-a-{K-X-sb-m-«-p-w C-Ã-m-¯ X-n-à-a-m-b N-n-e I-Y-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v ]-e-c-p-sS-b-p-w a-\-k-nÂ {]-h-m-k-w F-¶ {]-X-n-`-m-k-w h-n-I-m-k-w {]-m-]-n-¨-X-v. A-X-v \-m-«-n-se-b-p-w C-h-n-S-b-p-a-p-Å H-m-tc-m P-o-h-n-X-§-f-p-sS A-h-Ø-b-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v h-y-X-y-m-k-s¸-S-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v a-m-{X-w. D-¸ KÄ-^-n-e-m-W-v F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶ sN-d-n-b I-p-«-n-b-p-sS a-m-\-k-n-I-m-h-Ø-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã H-c-p ]-p-X-p-s]-®-n-sâ h-n-c-l t\-m-h-n-\-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. a-¡-f-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-X-n-c-p-¶ a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m-¡-f-p-sS A-I-w h-m-b-n-¨-m-e-p-Å \-o-äÂ I-S-p-¯-X-m-I-p-w. \-m-S-p-w c-m-P-y-h-p-w {]-h-m-k-n-sb h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-I k-m-

{]hmkwPravasam


¼-¯-n-I a-m-\-Z-Þ-§-tf-m-sS-b-m-I-m-t\ X-c-a-p-Å-q. C-¯-c-w ]-e-a-m-X-n-c-n {]-X-o-£-b-p-sS-b-p-w \-n-k-w-K-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w \-n-k-l-m-b-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w \-S-p-h-nÂ D-e-sª-m-g-p-I-p-¶ \-nÀ-_-m-[ P-e-[-m-c-b-m-b-n {]-h-m-k-w BÀ-¡-p-w ]-n-S-n-X-c-m-sX A-§-s\ \-o-§-p-I-b-m-sW-¶-v 2020 C-X-m ]-p-X-p-X-e-a-p-d-¡-p-w sX-f-n-b-n-¨-v sI-m-S-p-¯-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

b-m-{X-m Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-p-w S-n-¡-ä-v \-n-c¡-p-w {]-h-m-k-w X-p-S-§-n-b I-m-e-w sX-m-t« A-h-sâ P-o-hÂ {]-[-m-\ {]-i-v-\-a-m-W-v. k-o-k-W-p-I-f-nÂ GÂ-¡-p-¶ ]-Å-¡-S-n-b-p-w I-¯-n-b-d-h-p-w k-l-n-¨-m-W-v H-m-tc-m {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-w k-z-´-¡-m-sc tX-S-n ]-{X-m-k-nÂ I-q-sS-¡-q-sS ]-d-¶-n-d-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w, A-h-sc a-m-{X-w I-c-p-X-n X-n-c-n-¨-p t]-m-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w. X-Õ-a-b-¯-v h-n-a-m-\-§Ä d-±-v sN-¿-s¸-S-p-I-tb-m A-h-n-N-m-c-n-X-a-m-b-n h-n-a-m-\-w h-g-n-X-n-c-n-¨-v h-n-S-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X-v b-m-{X a-p-S-§-p-I-b-p-w \-o-f-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-t¸-mÄ {]-h-m-k-n A-h-sb-m-¶-p-w A-{X {]-i-v-\-h-X-v-I-c-n-¨-X-m-b-n I-ï-n-«-n-Ã. b-m-{X-b-p-sS ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n a-m-{X-w I-ï-p. H-c-p h-n-[-w b-m-{X-m Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I \-j-v-S-h-p-w {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ `-m-K-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v F-¶-h³ DÄ-s¡-m-Å-m³ ]T-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w. F-¶-mÂ k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I k-µÀ-`-§Ä-¡-¸-p-d-w H-c-p A-W-p {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-tS-X-v a-m-{X-a-m-b C-¯-c-w h-n-j-b-§-f-n-se A-h-c-p-sS k-l-\ i-à-n A-f-¡-s¸-« I-m-e-b-f-h-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p 2020 X-p-S-¡-w a-p-XÂ D-ï-m-b-X-v. ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-¯-v, c-m-P-y-m-´-c h-n-a-m-\-§Ä H-c-p \-n-a-n-j-sa-¦-n-e-p-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w \-n-e-¡-p-sa-¶-v B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w \-n-\-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-m-tW-m? KÄ-^-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å F-Ã-m h-n-a-m-\-§-f-p-w

{]hmkwPravasam


\-n-e-¨ I-m-e-w I-q-S-n C-X-m I-S-¶-v t]-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-\-n-b-p-w A-h ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w ]-p-\-x-Ø-m-]-n-¡-s¸-«-p F-¶-v ]-d-b-m-\-m-I-n-Ã. X-m-X-v -I-m-e-n-I-þ-A-S-n-b-´-n-c I-c-m-d-p-I-f-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ \-S-¯-p-¶ ]-c-n-a-n-X kÀ-h-o-k-p-I-f-m-W-v C-t¸-m-g-p-w A-t§-m-«-p-a-n-t§-m-«-p-a-p-Å b-m-{X-¡-p-Å B-{i-b-w. A-X-n-\-n-S-¡-m-W-v P-\-n-X-I a-m-ä-w k-w-`-h-n-¨ ssh-d-k-v h-I-t`-Z-w h-o-ï-p-w B-I-m-i-¯-n-\-v ]-q-«-n-«-X-v. A-X-v ]-t£ c-ï-m-g-v-N-b-nÂ I-q-S-p-XÂ \-o-ï-p \-n-¶-n-Ã- F-¶-X-v {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ a-m-{X-w ̀ -m-K-y-w. CsXgpXpt¼mÄ C¶s¯ C-´-y-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v kDu-Z-n-b-n-te-¡-v t\-c-n-«-v {]-th-i-w B-c-w-`-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã.

{]-h-m-k a-®-v C-{X-t¯-m-f-w h-n-I-k-n-X-a-m-I-p-I-b-p-w k-m-t¦-X-n-I-a-m-b-n h-f-c-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-m-¯ I-m-e-¯-v KÄ-^-n-te-¡-v h-n-k i-c-n-b-m-I-p-¶ H-c-p sN-d-p-¸-¡-m-c-sâ A-S-p-¯ I-S-¼ S-n-¡-ä-v i-c-n-b-m-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-n-¡-h-m-d-p-w a-p-w-ss_ h-g-n-b-m-W-v I-p-d-ª \-n-c-¡-nÂ S-n-¡-ä-v e-`-n-¡-p-I. C-¶-v S-n-¡-ä-v C-j-y-p sN-¿-p-I F-¶-X-v KÄ-^-nÂ t]-m-¡-n-sâ H-c-p N-S-t§-b-Ã. F-¶-mÂ C-u ]-c-m-[-o-X-\ sI-m-td-m-W-¡-m-e-¯-v {]-h-m-k-n A-d-n-ª-p. h-o-«-nÂ \-n-¶-v KÄ-^-n-te-¡-n-d-§-n-b-mÂ t_-m-w-s_-b-n-te-t¡-m a-{Z-m-k-n-te-t¡-m D-Å \-o-ï X-o-h-ï-n-b-m-{X, A-h-n-sS-b-p-Å Z-n-h-k-§-f-p-sS I-m-¯-n-c-n-¸-v. ]-n-s¶ a-W-n-¡-q-d-p-I-tf-m-f-a-p-Å B-I-m-i k-©-m-c-w. F-X-n-tcÂ-¡-m³ B-c-p-w C-Ã-m-¯ A-\-y-X-m t_-m-[-t¯-m-sS-b-p-Å h-¶-n-d-§Â, _-Ô-§-sf-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã-m-¯ P-o-h-n-X-w, X-p-SÀ-¨-b-m-b-n Z-oÀ-L-I-m-e-s¯ h-m-k-w. sX-m-g-n-e-t\-z-j-W-w, Z-p-c-n-X-w, ]-«-n-W-n, H-c-p a-e-b-m-f-n-

{]hmkwPravasam


sb I-ï-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ F-¶ B-{K-l-w, D-d-¡-a-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, h-n-c-l-w, ]-n-c-n-a-p-d-p-¡-w C-§-s\ t]-m-I-p-¶-p A-¶-s¯ A-\-p-`-h-§Ä. C-h-sb-Ã-m-w tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-v H-m-tc-m {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-w H-c-p \-n-e-¡-sÃ-¦-nÂ a-sä-m-c-p h-n-[-w A-\-p-`-h-n-t¡-ï-n h-¶-p.

]-«-n-W-n k-l-n-¨-v P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-\-p-w a-c-W-¯-n-\-p-w C-S-b-n-se \-q-e-nÂ D-e-ª-m-S-n-b I-¸Â b-m-{X {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ X-p-S-¡ I-m-e-s¯ b-m-{X-m-\-p-`-h-a-m-W-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v k-D-u-Z-n-b-n-te-¡pw I-p-ssh-¯-n-te-¡-p-w C-t¸-m-g-p-w h-c-p-¶-X-v k-z-´-w c-m-P-y-¯-v \-n-¶-v ]-p-d-s¸-«-X-n-\-v ti-j-w B c-m-P-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v I-S-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-¼-v 14 Z-n-h-k-s¯ \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X I-z-m-dâ-o³ h-m-k-w I-g-n-ª-m-W-v. \-m-«-n-se-¯-n-b-m-e-p-w C-tX A-h-Ø. H-¶-v a-b-§-n I-®-v X-p-d-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-¼-v C-ã-a-p-Å h-n-a-m-\-¯-m-h-f-¯-nÂ ]-d-¶-n-d-§-p-I-b-p-w ]-c-n-h-m-c-§-f-p-a-m-b-n h-¶-v k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-m-\-b-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-X-v ]-g-b I-m-e-w.

{]hmkwPravasam


A-tX sI-m-td-m-W-¡-v a-p-¼-p-Å I-m-e-w. C-\-n I-¸Â b-m-{X-I-f-n-se k-m-l-k-§-fnsem¶mb "I-¸-e-n-c-p-¯-nÂ' C-c-p-t¶ a-p-t¶-m-«-v t]-m-I-m-h-q F-¶ 2020 A-§-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p.

A-h-i-y k-m-[-\-§-tf-m ̀ -£-W-ta-m hkv-{X-ta-m H-c-p I-t¯-m t^-m-t«-m-tb-m I-m-k-ä-v sd-t¡-m-tU-m F-¯-n-¡-m³ KÄ-^-n-te-¡-v B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w t]-m-I-p-¶-p-tï-m F-¶ A-t\-z-j-W-a-m-W-v \-m-«-n-e-p-w C-h-n-sS-b-p-w \-S-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-v. X-sâ a-I-t\-m/`À-¯-m-h-n-t\-m C-ã-s¸-« ]-e-l-m-c-w A-sÃ-¦-nÂ H-c-p tX-mÀ-¯-p-a-p-tï-m I-Å-n-¯-p-W-n-tb-m sI-m-S-p-¯-p h-n-S-m-\-m-W-v h-o-«-p-I-m-c-p-sS ]-c-¡-w ]-m-¨-nÂ. k-z-´-¡-mÀ-¡-v a-d-p-]-S-n F-g-p-X-m-\-p-w A-h-c-p-sS B-{K-l-§Ä-s¡-m-¯ k-m-a-{K-n-IÄ F-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-a-p-Å sh-¼-e-m-W-v KÄ-^-p-I-m-c³ \-m-«-n-te-¡-v t]-m-I-p-¶-h-sc tX-S-p-¶-X-v. B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w t]-m-I-p-¶-h-c-p-tï-m F-¶ a-p-d-h-n-f-n 2020e-p-w D-bÀ-¶-p-tI-«-p. Ø-n-c-w Ign¡-p-¶ a-c-p-¶-v \-m-«-nÂ \-n-¶-v F-¯-n-¡-m³ \-nÀ-h-m-l-a-n-Ã-m-sX _-Ô-p-¡Ä I-p-g-§-n. \-m-«-nÂ \-S-¶ H-c-p A-X-y-m-l-n-X-¯-n-\-v h-o-«-nÂ F-¯-m-\-m-I-m-sX {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-w h-n-j-a-¯-n-e-m-b-n. A-h-n-sS-b-p-w C-h-n-sS-b-p-w P-\-\-h-p-w a-c-W-h-p-w s]-c-p-¶-m-f-p-w t\-m-¼-p-w B-ï-d-p-X-n-I-f-p-w H-c-m-c-h-p-w D-ï-m-¡-m-sX I-S-¶-p t]-m-b-n.

c-m-{ã-o-b-a-m-b-n D-bÀ-¶ A-h-I-m-i-§-sf sN-m-Ã-n-b-p-Å B-h-i-y-§-f-p-w \-n-tj-[-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å a-p-d-h-n-f-n-I-f-p-w c-£-s¸-S-p-¯Â D-Z-y-a-§-f-p-w ]-g-b I-m-e-s¯ A-\-p-k-v-a-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v X-s¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. sa-m-¯-¯-nÂ {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ A-h-Ø-m-´-c-§-f-n-e-q-sS H-c-n-¡Â I-q-S-n B-[-p-\-n-I {]-h-m-k-n-¡-v

{]hmkwPravasam


k-©-c-n-¡-m³ A-h-k-c-w H-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n 2020 D-w A-X-n-se k-h-n-ti-j-a-m-b sI-m-td-m-W-b-p-w. sS-e-n-t^-m¬ B-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-w \-S-¶-n-sÃ-¶-v ]-d-ª-X-v t]-m-se te-m-©-p-w D-c-p-h-p-w H-¶-p-w D-ï-m-b-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w h-n-a-m-\-b-m-{X h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b-X-n-\-v tijw C-§-s\-sb-m-c-p I-m-e-w N-n-{X-¯-n-e-n-Ã.

C-\-n F-§-s\-sb-¦-n -e-p -w \-m-«-n -se-¯-n-b-m-e-s¯ A-h-Ø, KÄ-^-nÂ {]-h-m-k-n A-\-p-`-h-n-¨ Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-p-sS \-q-d-n-c-«-n D-Å-p-e-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-Ã-m-w \-ã-s¸-«-v \-m-«-n-se-¯-p-¶-h-sc I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-w _-Ô-p-¡-f-p-w k-a-o-]-n-¨ c-o-X-n-IÄ ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w h-mÀ-¯-b-m-b-n. C-c-p-ï h-g-n-I-f-n-e-q-sS {]-h-m-k-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w k-©-c-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. KÄ-^-v b-p-²-w A-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.A-X-n-t\-¡-mÄ ̀ -o-I-c-a-m-b-n I-p-sd-b-[-n-I-w k-l-r-Z-bÀ B-«-n-b-I-ä-e-n-\-p-w X-n-c-k-v-I-m-c-¯-n-\-p-w h-n-t[-b-a-m-b-n. C-u A-h-Ø i-c-n-¡-p-w {]-X-n-^-e-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p i-n-l-m-_-p-±-o³ s]-m-b-v-¯-p-w-I-S-h-v F-g-p-X-n-b Cuk F-¶ I-Y. {]-h-m-ktemI-¯-v \-n-¶-v K-X-y-´-c-a-n-Ã-m-sX D-b-n-tc-m-sS F-¯-n-b Cuk-sb "a-c-n-¨-X-m-b-n' I-q-«-n _-Ô-p-¡Ä \-S-¯-p-¶ Z-b-b-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-sS t\À-N-n-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-X-v. I-b-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-m³ C-S-a-n-sÃ-¶-v a-m-{X-a-Ã a-\-p-j-y k-m-¶-n-[-y-w t]-m-e-p-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-m-\-m-I-m-sX h-n-d-§-e-n-¨-v A-«-¯-v I-q-\-n-¡-q-S-n A-´-n I-g-n-t¡-ï-n h-¶ {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-sS \-n-k-l-m-b-m-h-Ø-b-p-sS I-Y, A-Ã P-o-h-n-X-w. a-c-n-¨-n-«-p-w a-c-n-¡-m-¯ Cuka-mÀ \-m-«-p-I-m-c-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-k-z-m-Ø-y-w "X-m-d-p-a-m-d-m-¡-p-¶' h-n-[-n ssh-]-c-o-X-y-a-m-W-v s]-m-b-v-¯-p-w-I-S-h-v A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨-X-v. C-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p

{]hmkwPravasam


{]-h-m-k-n-b-p-sS F-Ã-m I-m-e-s¯-b-p-w A-h-Ø-b-p-w K-X-n-b-p-sa-¶-v ]-d-ª-p tI-«-n-c-p-¶-n-S-¯-v A-h ]-p-e-c-p-¶ I-m-e-w I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n 2020.

B-Z-y-I-m-e-¯-v KÄ-^-p-I-m-c³ \-m-«-n -se-¯-n-b-mÂ ]-n-s¶ I-p-d-¨-p Z-n-h-k-w k-µÀ-i-I {]-h-m-l-a-m-W-v. sN-d-p-sX-¦-n-e-p-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w th-ï-n I-c-p-X-n-b H-c-p k-½-m-\-h-p-w \-e-v -I-m-\-p-ï-m-I-p-w. A-¯À I-p-¸-n-b-p-w I-p-¸-m-b i-o-e-b-p-w tk-m-¸-p-w C-u X-c-¯-nÂ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v KÄ-^-v s]-«-n-I-f-nÂ A-\-n-h-m-c-y h-k-v-X-p-h-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-X-v. ]-t£ {]-h-m-k-n-s¡-m-c-p ssI k-l-m-b-¯-n-\-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w H-¨-b-p-ï-m-t¡-ï-n h-¶-p. C-X-p-w H-c-m-hÀ-¯-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. I-m-c-W-w, ]-e k-w-K-X-n-I-f-mÂ \-n-i-Ð-c-m-¡-s¸-« h-n-`-m-K-a-m-W-v {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ. {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS b-m-X-\-I-f-p-w th-Z-\-I-f-p-w F-h-n-sS-b-p-w tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-s¸-«-n-Ã F-¶-X-v F-¶-t¯-b-p-w B-t£-]-§-f-nÂ H-¶-m-W-v. \-n-d-w ]-n-S-n-¸-n-¨-tX-m A-h-y-à-a-m-b-tX-m B-b I-Y-I-f-nÂ sa-\-ª-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ k-m-¦-e-v-]-n-I-§Ä \-n-d-ª-X-m-W-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w {]-h-m-k-n-b-\-p-`-h-§Ä. F-¶-mÂ, t\À-N-n-{X-§-sf ]-IÀ-¯-p-I-tb-m P-o-h-n-X-w A-¸-S-n F-g-p-X-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X-hÀ {]-h-m-k-n F-g-p-¯-p-I-mÀ F-¶ a-«-nÂ te-_Â sh-¡-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. I-q-S-p-XÂ h-m-b-\-¡-m-tc-m ]T-\-ta-m NÀ-¨-tb-m \-S-¶-n-Ã. C-¯-c-w k-µ-n-K-v-[-§-sf t\-c-n-«-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ H-c-f-h-p-h-sc sI-m-td-m-W-¡-m-b-n. C-sX-m-c-p ta-·-tb-m {]-k-m-Z-m-ß-I I-m-c-y-ta-m A-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w C-\-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w C-u {]-X-n-`-m-k-¯-n-sâ a-m-b-m-¯ N-n-{X-§Ä D-ï-m-tb X-o-c-q F-¶ X-oÀ-¸-n-se-¯-m³ B-sb-¦-nÂ A-X-n-

{]hmkwPravasam


se-m-c-p t]-m-k-n-ä-o-h-v\kv C-Ã-m-X-n-Ã.KÄ-^-v X-p -½-p -t¼-mÄ ]-\-n -¡-p -¶ tI-c-f-w

F-s¶-m-c-p sN-m-Ã-p-ï-v. A-h F-Ã-m-b-n-t¸-m-g-p-w H-mÀ-ab-n-e-p-ï-m-I-W-w F-¶-n-Ã. K-p-c-p-X-c {]-i-v-\-§Ä t\-c-n-S-p-t¼-mÄ a-m-{X-w C-S-s]-S-p-I-b-p-w a-m-[-y-a§-f-nÂ B-tL-m-j-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-p-¶ H-¶-m-b-n kÀ-¡-mÀ k-a-o-]-\-w t]-m-e-p-w a-m-ä-s¸-«-X-v ]-e-I-m-c-y-§-f-n-e-p-w C-u I-m-e-w I-m-W-n-¨-p-X-¶-p. A-§-s\-b-sÃ-¦-nÂ {]-h-m-k-w X-p-S-§-n-b-t¸-mÄ X-p-S-§-n-b B-h-e-m-X-n-I-f-p-sS ]-X-n-h-v tX-m-ä-§Ä A-h-\-v C-t¸-m-g-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-t¡-ï-n h-c-n-Ã-tÃ-m.

I-g-n-ª H-c-p hÀ-j-w {]-h-m-k-n-¡-v F-§-s\-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶ tN-m-Z-y-¯-n-\-v, tP-m-e-n \-ã-w I-q-S-n, sX-m-g-nÂ k-p-c-£ \-ã-s¸-«-p, th-X-\-w ]-m-tS I-p-d-¨-p, Ø-m-]-\-§Ä A-S-¨-p ]-q-«-n, X-n-c-n-¨-p t]-m-¡-p-IÄ i-à-n-s¸-«-p, X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-n-b-hÀ-¡-p-w \-nÂ-¡-¡-Å-n-b-n-Ã-m-X-m-b-n.. C-§-s\ t]-m-I-p-w B ]-«-n-I. A-h I-m-e N-m-{I-n-I-X-I-f-p-sS h-n-I-r-X-n-I-f-nÂ H-c-p D-b-nÀ-s¯-g-p-t¶Â-¸-n-sâ k-a-b-w h-sc {]-h-m-k-n-¡-v £-a-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w. A-X-sÃ-¦-nÂ a-sä-m-c-p k-m-[-y-X tX-S-n P-o-h-n-X-t¯-m-S-v A-h³ ]-n-s¶-b-p-w a-Ã-n-S-p-w. F-¶-mÂ {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-sS I-g-n-ª hÀ-j-w k-m-[-y-a-m-¡-n-b-X-v C-X-n-t\-¡-m-tf-sd {]-h-m-k-n F-¶ ]-Z-w DÄ-h-l-n-¡-p-¶ F-Ã-m X-c-m-w A-\-p-`-h-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w ]-p-\-x-k-r-ã-n B-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v k-w-`-h-n-¨-v t]-m-b-X-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w A-S-b-m-f-s¸-S-p-t¯-ï-h-b-m-W-v $

{]hmkwPravasam



k-D-u-Z-n A-td-_-y-b-n-se N-c-n-{X-{]-k-n-²-a-m-b AÂ D-e A-]-qÀ-h N-c-n-{X-\-n-a-n-j-

¯-n-\-v k-m-£-n-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. a-q-¶-c hÀ-j-w \-o-ï ]-n-W-¡-h-p-w D-]-tc-m-[-h-p-w _-l-n-j-v-I-c-W-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-n-se c-ï-v b-p-h ̀ -c-W-IÀ-¯-m-¡-f-p-sS B-tÇ-j-W-¯-nÂ A-e-n-ª-n-Ã-m-X-m-b-n. B-i-z-m-k-¯-n-sâ H-c-p h-e-n-b \-n-i-z-m-k-w

{]Xo-£-bp-sSB-enwK\w

J¯dns\ sNmÃn aq¶c hÀjw \o @p\n¶ KÄ^vcm{ã§fpsS {]XnkÔnsbmgnªXv henb {]Xo£\ÂIp¶p; {]hmknIÄ¡pw Bizkn¡m³ hIbp@ v.

]n F I-_oÀ[email protected]

teJ\wArticle


I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v KÄ-^-v ta-J-e-¡-p-ï-m-b-X-v. KÄ-^-v ta-J-e-b-n-se X-t±-i-o-b-c-p-sS-b-p-w h-n-tZ-i-o-b-c-p-sS-b-p-w P-o-h-n-X-w X-s¶ a-m-d-n-a-d-n-b-p-¶-X-m-I-p-w C-u ]-p-\-x-k-a-m-K-a-w F-¶-m-W-v I-c-p-X-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v; tI-c-f-¡-c-b-n-se A-S-p-¡-f-IÄ¡v t]-m-e-p-w.

s]-m-X-p-sh C-Ô-\ h-n-e-b-n-se A-Ø-n-c-X-b-p-w P-\-k-w-J-y-b-n-se h-y-X-n-b-m-\-h-p-w ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X k-m-¼-¯-n-I t{k-m-X-k-p-I-sf B-{i-b-n-¨-p-Å KÄ-^-v k-¼-Z-v -L-S-\-¡-v h-e-n-b B-L-m-X-a-m-W-v I-p-d-¨-p-I-m-e-a-m-b-n k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p Z-i-I-w a-p-¼-p-Å te-m-I k-m-¼-¯-n-I {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-w A-X-n-\-v ti-j-a-p-ï-m-b ̀ -u-a-c-m-{ã-o-b k-w-`-h-h-n-I-m-k-§-f-p-w sF F-k-n-sâ B-h-nÀ-`-m-h-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w h-e-n-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I t¢-i-§-f-m-W-v ta-J-e-b-n-e-m-I-a-m-\-w s]-m-X-p-sh-b-p-w KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-a-p-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-v. ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X D-uÀ-P t{k-m-X-k-p-I-f-nÂ a-m-{X-w A-h-e-w-_-n-¨-p-Å k-m-¼-¯-n-I B-k-q-{X-W-w a-X-n-b-m-I-n-sÃ-¶ {I-m-´-ZÀ-i-n-I-f-m-b ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-sS D-d-¨ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ ̂ -e-a-m-b-n KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-sf-Ã-m-w \-h-w-\-h-§-f-m-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I t{k-m-X-k-p-IÄ h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ L-«-¯-n-e-m-W-v KÄ^v cm-Py-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-se A-IÂ-¨ a-d-\o-¡n ]p-d-¯v h-¶-Xv. 2017 P-q¬ A-©\m-bn-cp-¶p J-¯-d-p-a-m-b-p-Å \-b-X-{´ hn-e-¡n-\v XpS¡w. KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-n-se {]-_-e-c-m-b k-D-u-Z-n A-td-_-y-b-p-w b-p-F-C-b-p-w _-l-v-ssd-\-p-w J-¯-d-p-a-m-b-p-Å a-p-g-p-h³ _-Ô-h-p-w h-n-tÑ-Z-n-¨-tX-m-sS P-o-h-n-X-§Ä I-o-g-v-taÂ a-d-n-ª-p. A-X-nÀ-¯-n-IÄ sI-m-«-n-b-S-¡-p-I-b-p-w \-b-X-{´ I-m-c-y-m-e-b-§Ä-¡-v X-m-g-v h-o-g-p-I-

teJ\wArticle


b-p-w N-c-¡-v K-X-m-K-X-w t]-m-e-p-w \-n-tj-[-n-¡-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-X-v h-Ã-m-s¯-m-c-p B-´-te-m-sS-b-m-W-v KÄ-^-v P-\-X t\-m-¡-n-¡-ï-X-v. D-]-tc-m-[-¯-n-sâ X-n-à-^-e-§Ä J-¯À a-m-{X-a-Ã F-Ã-m c-m-P-y-§-f-p-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¨-p. I-b-ä-p-a-X-n C-d-¡-p-a-X-n l-º-p-I-f-m-b X-p-d-a-p-J-§-f-nÂ _-n-k-n-\-k-v I-p-d-ª-p. {S-m-hÂ S-q-d-n-Ì-v ta-J-e-¡-v {]-X-n-k-Ô-n A-\-p-`-h-s¸-«-p. J-¯-d-n-sâ G-I I-c-a-mÀ-K-a-p-Å A-X-nÀ-¯-n-b-m-b kÂh A-S-¨-tX-m-sS D-w-d X-oÀ-Y-m-S-\-w t]-m-e-p-w \n-e¨p. h-n-a-m-\-w h-g-n D-w-d X-oÀ-Y-m-S-\-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v k-m-[-y-a-m-sb-¦-n-e-p-w k-m-[-m-c-W {]-h-m-k-n-I-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-S-t¯-m-f-w A-X-v h-n-j-a-I-c-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. 1000þ1500 d-n-b-m-e-n-\-v D-w-d k-m-[-y-a-m-b-n-S-¯-v I-W-Î-n-w-K-v ̂ -v-ssf-ä-nÂ D-w-d sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v k-m-[-m-c-W {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ a-p-ï-v a-p-d-p-¡-n-b-p-S-p-t¡-ï-n h-¶-p. h-n-h-n-[ c-m-P-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v N-c-¡-v sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-b-n-c-p-¶ {S-¡-p-IÄ-¡-v A-\-n-Ý-n-X-I-m-e-t¯-¡-v h-n-{i-a-n-t¡-ï-X-m-b-n h-¶-p. C-¯-c-w {S-¡-v ss{U-hÀ-a-mÀ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-n-e-m-b-n.

F-¶-mÂ, C-X-n-s\-Ã-m-w A-d-p-X-n-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v C-t¸-mÄ. k-m-¼-¯-n-I c-w-K-w ]-p-ã-n-s¸-S-p-sa-¶-X-m-W-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I-a-m-b-n C-u H-¶-m-I-e-n-sâ t\-«-w. X-p-d-a-p-J-§Ä, b-m-{X h-n-t\-m-Z-k-©-m-c-w, B-tc-m-K-y-w, C-hâ-v a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v X-p-S-§-n c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-n-se k-p-K-a-a-m-b k-©-m-c-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b h-n-h-n-[ ta-J-e-IÄ-¡-v h-fÀ-¨-b-p-sS D-uÀ-P-w k-w-`-c-n-¡-m³ h-g-n-sh-¡-p-w. ]-m-X-n-h-g-n-b-nÂ \-n-e-¨-p-t]-m-b ]-e k-w-c-w-`-§-f-p-w h-o-ï-p-w X-f-nÀ-¡-p-w. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w sI-m-h-n-U-v 19 I-m-e-¯-v {]-X-n-k-Ô-n h-c-n-ª-p-a-p-d-p-¡-p-¶ L-«-¯-nÂ.

teJ\wArticle


C-Ô-\-h-n-e-b-n-se N-m-©-m-«-h-p-w a-ä-p-w I-m-c-W-w ]-p-X-n-b h-c-p-a-m-\ a-mÀ-K-§Ä tX-S-p-¶ c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-v C-S-n-¯-o B-b-n-c-p-¶-p tI-m-h-n-U-v a-l-m-a-m-c-n. a-\-p-j-y P-o-h-n-X-w X-s¶ a-m-k-§-tf-m-f-w ]-m-X-n-h-g-n-b-nÂ \-n-Ý-e-a-m-b-X-v h-e-n-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I {]-l-c-a-m-W-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-p-w c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-p-w k-r-ã-n-¨-X-v.

A-¯-c-w {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-I-sf I-p-S-sª-d-n-b-m-\-p-Å H-c-p {i-a-w I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n C-u ]-p-\-x-k-a-m-K-a-s¯ I-m-W-m-w. P-o-h-n-X-s¯-¡-mÄ {]-[-m-\-a-Ã-sÃ-m ]-n-W-¡-§Ä. P-\-X-b-p-sS k-p-K-a-a-m-b P-o-h-n-X-w D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-t¯-ï h-e-n-b _-m-[-y-X X-§Ä-¡-p-sï-¶ D-¯-a-t_-m-[-y-a-p-Å `-c-W-IÀ-¯-m-¡Ä F-Ã-m k-m-[-y-X-I-f-p-w ]-b-ä-p-t¼-mÄ ]-n-W-¡-§-sf a-m-ä-n-\-nÀ-t¯-ï-X-n-Ã-sÃ-m. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶-b-m-W-v F-Ã-m ̀ -c-W-IÀ-¯-m-¡-f-p-w C-sX-m-c-p h-o-«-p-I-e-l-w a-m-{X-a-m-b-n I-ï-mÂ a-X-n-sb-¶-v B-hÀ-¯-n-¨-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. N-n-e I-e-l-§Ä s]-s«-¶-v X-o-c-p-w. a-ä-p-N-n-e-X-n-\-v k-a-b-sa-S-p-¡-p-sa-¶ b-p F C a-{´-n tU-m.A³-hÀ KÀ-K-m-j-n-sâ h-m-¡-p-I-f-n-e-p-ï-v F-Ã-m-w.

teJ\wArticle


A-\-p-c-R-v-P-\ {]-{I-n-b-IÄ-¡-p-w a-[-y-Ø {i-a-§Ä-¡-p-w t]-c-p-tI-« KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-p-sS b-i-k-p-w XÀ-¡-§Ä k-z-´-w A-X-nÀ-¯-n-¡-p-Å-nÂ X-s¶ ]-d-ª-p-X-oÀ-¡-m-sa-¶ B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-h-p-w D-bÀ-¯-p-¶-X-v I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v AÂ D-e-b-nÂ I-ï-X-v. {]-i-v-\-§-f-p-ï-m-I-p-I k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-W-v. ]-t£, A-X-v ]-d-ª-p-X-oÀ-¯-v k-a-y-¡-m-b ]-c-n-l-m-c-w sI-m-ï-p-h-c-n-I ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w {i-a-I-c-h-p-w I-m-e-ssZÀ-L-y-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶-X-p-a-m-W-v. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v _-Ô-§Ä A-d-p-¯-p-a-p-d-n-¨-p a-m-ä-p-¶ ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-nÂ. I-i-v-a-o-c-n-s\ sN-m-Ã-n-b-p-Å C-´-y-þ ]-m-I-v XÀ-¡-w X-s¶ F-{X hÀ-j-a-m-b-n? F-{X b-p-²-§Ä \-S-¶-p? F-{X-sb-{X P-o-h-\-p-IÄ _-e-n \Â-tI-ï-n h-¶-p? F-{X i-X-tI-m-S-n-IÄ H-g-p-¡-n? I-i-v-a-oÀ h-n-j-b-¯-nÂ C-c-p c-m-P-y-§-f-p-w H-g-p-¡-n-b {S-n-e-y³ I-W-¡-n-\-v ]-W-w D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ P-\-tI-m-S-n-IÄ a-p-g-p-¸-«-n-W-n-b-n-e-p-w AÀ-[ ]-«-n-W-n-b-n-e-p-a-m-I-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t¶-m? I-q-W-p-t]-m-se tN-c-n-IÄ D-ï-m-I-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t¶-m? ]T-n-t¡-ï {]-m-b-¯-nÂ tN-m-c \-o-c-m-¡-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf I-m-tW-ï-n h-c-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t¶-m? {]-m-Y-a-n-I \-nÀ-h-l-W-¯-n-\-v t]-m-e-p-w sh-f-n-{¼-tZ-i-§-sf B-{i-b-n-t¡-ï tI-m-S-n-¡-W-¡-n-\-v P-\-X-b-p-ï-m-I-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t¶-m? H-c-p I-¡-q-k-v t]-m-e-p-w P-\-tI-m-S-n-I-f-p-sS k-z-]-v-\-a-m-b-n A-h-ti-j-n-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t¶-m?

N-n-e {]-i-v-\-§Ä h-Ã-m-sX I-m-e-¸-g-¡-w t\-c-n-«-mÂ k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ ̀ -h-n-j-y-¯-p-¡Ä-¡-v D-¯-a \-n-ZÀ-i-\-a-m-W-v C-´-y-b-p-sS-b-p-w ]-m-¡-n-Ø-m-sâ-b-p-w A-\-p-`-h-w. F-¶-mÂ A-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å k-¦-oÀ-W-X-I-f-n-te-¡-v t]-m-I-m-sX \-n-c-´-c-w {]-

teJ\wArticle


i-v-\ ]-c-n-l-m-c-¯-n-\-v {i-a-n-¨ I-p-ssh-¯-v, H-a-m³ `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-sf C-h-n-sS k-v-a-c-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v I-p-ssh-¯-v A-a-oÀ ssi-J-v k-_-m-l-v AÂ A-Ò-Z-v P-m-_-nÀ AÂ k-_-m-l-n-sâ b-X-v-\-w. `-n-¶-X a-d-¶-v KÄ-^-v ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ h-o-ï-p-w a-p-k-m-^-l-X-v sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v k-m-£-n-b-m-I-m-\-p-Å `-m-K-y-w ]-t£ I-p-ssh-¯-v A-a-o-d-n-\-p-w H-a-m³ k-pÂ-¯-m³ J-m-_-q-k-v _-n³ k-C-u-Z-n-\-p-a-p-ï-m-b-n-Ã. H-c-p-th-f ssk-\-n-I-a-m-b \-S-]-S-n-I-f-n-te-¡-v t]-m-e-p-w t]-m-I-p-sa-¶-v B-i-¦ ̀ -£-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ L-«-¯-nÂ X-m-a-k-w-h-n-\-m a-m-[-y-Ø {i-a-h-p-a-m-b-n N-p-d-p-N-p-d-p-t¡-m-sS H-m-S-n-\-S-¶ KÄ-^-v ta-J-e-b-n-se {]-m-b-w-sN-¶ ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n I-p-ssh-¯-v A-a-oÀ ssi-J-v k-_-m-l-n-s\ C-t¸-m-g-p-w H-mÀ-¡-p-¶-p-ï-m-I-p-w {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ. C-´-y-¡-m-sc J-¯-d-nÂ \-n-¶-v c-£-m-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-e-q-sS C-´-y-b-n-se-¯-n-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w a-ä-p-a-p-Å k-w-k-m-c-§Ä k-m-[-m-c-W {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS X-o³-k-p-{]-b-nÂ k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p B d-a-k-m³ I-m-e-¯-v. th-\Â-¡-m-e-¯-n-s\-m-¸-w C-¯-c-sa-m-c-p B-i-¦-b-p-sS I-c-n-¼-S-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-v a-p-I-f-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. I-p-ssh-¯-v k-n-ä-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v d-n-b-m-Z-n-te-¡-p-w A-_-p-Z-_-n-b-n-te-¡-p-w tZ-m-l-b-n-te-¡-p-w F-{X-X-h-W B k-a-b-§-f-nÂ ssi-J-v k-_-m-l-v ]-d-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-sf t\-c-nÂ I-ï-v k-a-m-[-m-\-Z-q-X-v ssI-a-m-d-n. H-c-p-]-t£ h-e-n-sb-m-c-p h-n-Å-e-nÂ \-n-¶-v ta-J-e-sb X-s¶ c-£-n-¨-X-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ C-S-s]-SÂ B-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w. h-n-S-]-d-ª H-a-m-sâ {]-n-b k-pÂ-¯-m-s\-b-p-w C-¯-c-p-W-¯-nÂ H-mÀ-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. A-\-p-c-R-v-P-\ {i-a-§Ä-¡-v t]-c-p-tI-« k-pÂ-¯-m-

teJ\wArticle


sâ C-S-s]-SÂ C-u h-n-j-b-¯-n-e-p-a-p-ï-m-b-n. H-¯-p-X-oÀ-¸-n-\-v ]-c-a-m-h-[-n {i-a-n-¨-p.

KÄ-^-v ta-J-e-b-n-se {]-i-v-\-§Ä A-X-nÀ-¯-n-¡-p-Å-nÂ X-s¶ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w h³-i-à-n-I-f-p-sS ]-qÀ-W C-S-s]-SÂ H-g-n-h-m-¡-m-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¨-X-v t\-«-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v. tN-c-n-X-n-c-n-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ te-m-I i-à-n-I-f-p-sS ssI-I-f-n-te-¡-v ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w I-m-c-y-§-sf-¯-p-¶-X-v {h-W-¯-nÂ a-p-f-I-v ]-p-c-f-p-¶-X-n-t\ C-S-b-m-¡-q-sh-¶-X-v k-n-d-n-b, e-n-_-n-b t]-m-e-p-Å c-m-P-y-§Ä P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶ sX-f-n-h-p-I-f-m-b-n a-p-¶-n-e-p-ï-v. {]-i-v-\ ]-c-n-l-m-c-s¯-¡-mÄ i-à-n sX-f-n-b-n-¡-e-m-I-p-w C-¯-c-w L-«-§-f-n-e-p-ï-m-I-p-I. F-¶-mÂ, b-p-F-k-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v {S-w-]-v ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I X-m-X-v-]-c-y-w KÄ-^-v {]-X-n-k-Ô-n ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-p-th-W-w I-c-p-X-m³. X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p e-£-y-sa-¶ B-t£-]-§-f-p-sï-¦-n-e-p-w J-¯-d-p-a-m-b-p-Å KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-p-sS _-Ô-w ]-qÀ-h-Ø-n-X-n-b-n-e-m-I-m³

teJ\wArticle


{S-w-]-v ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-w i-p-j-v-I-m-´-n {]-I-S-n-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. H-c-p-th-f b-p-²-a-p-ï-m-I-p-sa-¶-v I-c-p-X-n-b D-¯-c sI-m-d-n-b-¡-v l-k-v-X-Z-m-\-w sN-¿-m³ A-ta-c-n-¡-¡-v k-m-[-n-¨-X-v H-mÀ-¡-p-I. F-Ã-m KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-p-a-m-b-n \-Ã _-Ô-w I-m-¯-p-k-q-£-n-¡-m³ G-X-v kÀ-¡-m-d-m-b-m-e-p-w A-ta-c-n-¡ {i-²-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-v. ta-J-e-b-n-se ]-e-h-n-[ A-{]-a-m-Z-n-X-z-§-f-m-W-v I-m-c-W-sa-¦-n-e-p-w A-X-n-sâ t\-«-w KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-p-a-p-ï-m-I-m-d-p-a-p-ï-v. A-ta-c-n-¡-sb ]-n-W-¡-n-b-p-Å k-a-o-]-\-w P-n k-n k-n-¡-n-Ã.

ta-J-e-b-nÂ H-s¯-m-c-p-a-b-p-sS-b-p-w ]-¦-p-sh-¡-e-n-sâ-b-p-w ̀ -q-a-n-I h-n-i-m-e-a-m-I-p-ta-m-sb-¶-p-w te-m-I-w D-ä-p-t\-m-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. I-q-S-p-XÂ c-m-P-y-§-f-p-a-m-b-n ssI-tI-mÀ-¡-m-\-p-Å k-m-[-y-X h-n-Z-K-v -[À X-Å-n-¡-f-b-p-¶-n-Ã. h-n-tZ-z-j-h-p-w N-n-c-I-m-e i-{X-p-X-b-p-w a-p-c-S-n-¸-v a-m-{X-ta \Â-I-q-sh-¶-p-w h-fÀ-¨-b-n-te-¡-v I-p-X-n-¡-m³ k-u-l-r-Z-h-p-w k-a-m-[-m-\-h-p-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-sW-¶-p-a-p-Å X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-v ssI-h-¶ L-«-¯-n-e-m-W-v C-u-sb-m-c-p N-n-´ D-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-X-n-\-v H-c-p-]-t£ C-\-n-b-p-w I-m-e-§Ä th-ï-n-h-t¶-¡-m-w. F-¦-nÂ X-s¶-b-p-w B-sb-m-c-p k-m-[-y-X X-Å-n-¡-f-b-m-h-X-Ã. ]-ä-p-¶-n-S-t¯-m-f-w ssI-tI-mÀ-¡-p-I F-¶ \-b-w c-m-P-y-X-{´-Ú-X-b-p-sS U-n-F³-F B-b-n a-m-d-p-¶ H-c-p I-m-e-L-«-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-n-X-v. F-´-m-b-m-e-p-w ]-p-X-n-b ]-p-e-c-n-IÄ k-a-m-[-m-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w A-X-p-h-g-n-b-p-Å h-fÀ-¨-b-p-tS-X-m-I-p-sa-¶-v B-i-z-k-n-¡-m-w $

teJ\wArticle



aoUnbMedia

tU-m. A-Ð-pÂ l-I-o-w A-k-v-l-c-n-b-p-sS h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-I-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å

{]-`-m-j-W-w tI-«-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-s¡ H-c-p k-p-l-r-¯-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p. "a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-w' F-¶-X-v H-c-p sX-m-g-nÂ B-W-tÃ-m. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-sâ sX-m-g-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m-\-p-w A-X-n-sâ \-n-d-w I-q-«-m-\-p-w h-mÀ-¯-I-sf-b-p-w

hmÀ¯-Isft]Sn-¡tWm

hmÀ¯ItfmSv kpc£nX AIew ]ment¡@ Imew, hymP dnt¸mÀ«pIfpsS B{IaWw, am[yakm£cX

A\nhmcyamIp¶ kXym\ć Imew. F¶n-hkw-_-Ôn-¨ B-tem-N-\-I-Ä.

kmenw tImUqÀ[email protected]


aoUnbMedia

]-p-X-n-b X-c-w-K-§-sf-b-p-w H-c-p a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I³ D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ I-p-ä-w ]-d-b-m³ ]-ä-n-Ã-tÃ-m? i-c-n-b-m-W-v. sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ k-¼-m-Z-\-a-mÀ-K-a-m-b-n a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-s¯ h-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v C-§-s\ \-n-K-a-\-¯-n-se-¯-m-t\ I-g-n-b-q. tI-h-e-w h-mÀ-¯-I-f-p-sS h-n-X-c-W-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-n-i-I-e-\-§-f-n-te-¡-p-w A-`-n-{]-m-b c-q-]-o-I-c-W-§-f-n-te-¡-p-w \-b-n-¡-p-¶ K-u-c-h-]-qÀ-W-a-m-b NÀ-¨-m-h-«-§-f-m-b-n \-y-q-k-v d-q-a-p-IÄ ]-c-n-W-a-n-¡-s¸-« ]-p-X-n-b U-n-P-n-äÂ a-m-[-y-a I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ C-¯-c-w \-n-K-a-\-§Ä A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-W-v X-m-\-p-w. K-m-Ô-n-P-n-b-p-sS ̀ -m-j-b-nÂ ]-d-ª-mÂ H-tc I-m-c-y-s¯¡-p-d-n-¨-p X-s¶ H-¶-Ã, H-c-p-]-m-S-p k-X-y-§Ä ]-p-d-¯-p h-c-p-¶ I-m-e-¯-m-W-v \-m-w a-m-[-y-a te-m-I-s¯ h-o-£-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

te-m-I-w a-p-g-p -h³ tI-m-h-n-U-v _-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w B-tK-m-f X-e-¯-nÂ X-s¶ te-m-I-v U-u¬ DÄ-¸-sS-s]-m-S-p-¶-s\-b-p-Å a-m-ä-§Ä k-w-P-m-X-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-tX-m-sS h-n-cÂ-¯-p-¼-nÂ h-n-h-c-ti-J-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶-hÀ H-¶-p I-q-S-n k-P-o-h-a-m-b hÀ-j-a-m-W-v I-S-¶-pt]-m-b-X-v. U-n-P-n-äÂ a-m-[-y-a-§-f-p-sS D-Z-v-`-h-h-p-w h-n-I-m-k-h-p-w k-m-[-y-a-m-b a-q-¶-m-w h-y-h-k-m-b h-n-¹-h-¯-n-sâ D-]-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ {]-I-S-a-m-b k-m-l-N-c-y-w. ]-IÀ-¨ h-y-m-[-n k-r-ã-n-¨ {]-X-n-I-q-e k-m-l-N-c-y-s¯ a-p-X-se-S-p-¯-v h-mÀ-¯-m-h-n-\-n-a-b c-w-K-s¯ N-q-j-W-w sN-b-v-X-v ]-e e-£-y-§Ä-¡-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b k-w-`-h-§Ä F-{X-tb-m ]-p-d-¯-p h-¶-p. te-m-I-m-tc-m-K-y k-w-L-S-\ ]-IÀ-¨ h-y-m-[-n k-a-b-¯-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ C-¯-c-w h-n-h-c-§-sf A-`-n-k-w-t_-m-[-\ sN-¿-m³ C³-^À-ta-j³, ]-m³-U-a-n-I-v F-¶-o ]-Z-


§Ä tNÀ-¯-v C³-t^-m-sU-a-n-I-v-k-v F-¶ ]-p-X-n-sb-m-c-p k-w-Ú X-s¶ c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n.

A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se B-tc-m-K-y k-w-L-S-\-b-m-b Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) C³-t^-m-sU-a-n-I-v-k-n-sâ h-y-m-]-v-X-n sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ H-c-p K-th-j-W ]T-\-w \-S-¯-n {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n. A-X-nÂ ]-d-b-p-¶ I-W-¡-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v tI-m-h-n-U-p-w te-m-I-v U-u-W-p-w k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n-¯-p-S-§-n-b a-mÀ-¨-v a-m-k-¯-nÂ a-m-{X-w "tI-m-h-n-U-v 19' F-¶ k-q-N-I ]-Z-¯-nÂ 36 tI-m-S-n h-o-U-n-tb-m-I-f-m-W-v b-q-S-y-q-_-nÂ A-]-v-te-m-U-v sN-¿-s¸-«-n-«-p-Å-X-v. A-\-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I h-n-h-c-W-§-sf ]-c-a-m-h-[-n A-I-ä-n \-nÀ-¯-m-\-p-w A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I [À-a-§-sf ]-n-´-p-S-c-m-\-p-w D-t±-i-n-¨-v s]-m-X-p-P-\-w k-a-o-]-n-¡-p-¶ K-q-K-nÄ k-v-tI-m-f-d-nÂ A-t¸-m-tg-¡-p-w C-c-p-]-X-n-\-m-b-n-c-t¯-m-f-w BÀ-«-n-¡-n-f-p-IÄ Ø-m-\-w ]-n-S-n-¨-p I-g-n-ª-n-«-p-ï-v. a-mÀ-¨-nÂ a-m-{X-w sI-m-td-m-W-b-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-« ]-Z-k-q-N-n-I-I-sf D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n 550 a-n-e-y¬ S-z-o-ä-p-IÄ k-a-q-l a-m-[-y-a-§-f-nÂ ]-p-d-¯-n-d-§-n-¡-g-n-ª-n-c-p-¶-p. £-W-n-I k-z-`-m-h-a-p-Å, s]-«-s¶-m-¶-p-w ]-n-S-n-X-c-m-¯ U-n-P-n-äÂ a-m-[-y-a te-m-I-s¯ h-n-h-c-§-f-p-sS A-X-n-{]-k-c-W-w t_-m[-y-s¸-S-m³ C-u H-c-p a-m-k-s¯ I-W-¡-p-IÄ X-s¶ [-m-c-m-f-w. ]-IÀ-¨-h-y-m-[-n h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b I-m-e-¯-v B-I-p-e-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ s]-m-X-p-P-\ a-\-x-i-m-k-v-{X-w taÂ-¡-p-taÂ \-n-c-´-c-w ]-¦-p-sh-¨-p sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ C-¯-c-w h-mÀ-¯-m {]-f-b-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-h-p-w B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-h-p-a-m-b h-n-h-c-§-sf sX-c-sª-S-p-¯-v \Â-I-m-\-p-w h-y-m-P-·-m-sc X-S-ª-psh-¡-m-\-p-w ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-\-p-w B-tc-m-K-y {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡-p-w sX-sÃ-m-¶-p-a-Ã ]-W-n-sb-

aoUnbMedia


S-p-t¡-ï-n h-¶-X-v.h-mÀ-¯-IÄ h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b I-m-e-w

a-p-XÂ X-t¶ h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-I-f-p-w c-w-K {]-th-i-\-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v. H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I-a-m-b-n tPÀ-W-e-n-Ì-p-IÄ A-Ã-m-¯-hÀ-¡-p-w a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-nÂ k-P-o-h k-m-¶-n-[-y-t¯-m-S C-S-s]-S-m³ A-h-k-c-sa-m-c-p-¡-p-¶ k-m-a-q-l-y a-m-[-y-a-§-f-p-sS X-z-c-n-X-K-X-n-b-n-e-p-Å h-fÀ-¨-b-p-w hÀ-[-n-¡-p-¶ U-n-P-n-äÂ k-m-£-c-X-b-p-w h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w tX-m-X-v hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v sN-b-v-X-X-v. s{]-m-^-j-\Â a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I-sc t]-m-se h-mÀ-¯-IÄ \-nÀ-a-n-¡-m-\-p-w ]-¦-p-sh-¡-m-\-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I-a-m-b h-mÀ-¯-m t]-mÀ-«-e-p-IÄ k-r-ã-n-¡-m-\-p-w F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w {i-a-n-¡-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ a-m-[-y-a k-m-£-c-X DÄ-s¡-m-ï-v k-a-m-\ c-q-]-¯-nÂ B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-X-sb ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w ssh-I-m-c-n-I-X-sb a-m-ä-n \-n-À-¯-n K-u-c-h-]-qÀ-W-a-m-b B-te-m-N-\-I-sf t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w H-«-p-a-n-¡ t]-c-p-w X-b-m-d-m-h-p-¶-n-Ã-X-m-\-p-w. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-nÂ Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-p t]-m-se-b-p-Å {]-{I-n-b-I-f-nÂ A-X-n k-¦-oÀ-W-a-m-b k-z-m-[-o-\-a-m-W-v h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-If-p-w A-X-n-th-K-w ]-c-¡-p-¶ I-n-w-h-Z-´-n-If-p-w \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡p¶Xv. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p X-s¶ h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X a-m-[-y-a Ø-m-]-\-§-sf-Ã-m-w H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-p-Å h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-m a-p-¶-d-n-b-n-¸-p-IÄ \-n-c-´-c-w \Â-I-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

ssk-_-d-n-S-§-f-n-se h-y-à-n-K-X D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-§Ä F-s´-m-s¡-sb-¶-d-n-b-p-I-b-p-w A-h D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-t¯-m-sS X-s¶ \-n-d-th-ä-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I F-¶ a-m-[-y-a k-m-£-c-X-b-p-sS _-m-e-]-mT-w H-m-tc-m-c-p-¯-c-p-w

aoUnbMedia


DÄ-s¡-m-Å-p-¶-tX-m-sS C-¯-c-w h-y-m-P \-nÀ-a-n-X-n-I-sf H-c-p ]-c-n-[-n h-sc X-S-b-n-S-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. G-ä-h-p-w I-p-d-ª-X-v ]-¦-p-sh-¡-m³ D-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶ h-mÀ-¯-I-f-p-sS D-d-h-n-S tI-{µ-sa-¦-n-e-p-w sh-d-p-sX H-¶-p ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-v C-u h-y-à-n-K-X D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-¯-n-sâ h-e-n-sb-m-c-p \-nÀ-h-l-W-a-m-W-v. "\-n-§Ä I-ï-mÂ sR-«-p-w' F-¶-p X-p-S-§-p-¶ X-e-s¡-«-p-I-f-nÂ X-p-S-§-n B-IÀ-j-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ X-c-¯-nÂ sk³-tk-j-W-e-n-k-w k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ {I-n-b-m-ß-I C-S-§-sf H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I D-d-h-n-S-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w th-d-n-«-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³ C-X-n-e-q-sS k-m-[-n-¡-p-w.

h-k-v-X-p-X-m ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\-IÄ k-m-[-y-a-m-¡-p-¶ H-t«-sd \-q-X-\ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X a-m-[-y-a Ø-m-]-\-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. \-nÀ-a-n-X _-p-²-n A-S-¡-a-p-Å k-u-I-c-y-§Ä C-X-n-\-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p. ]-c-m-P-b-s¸-«-n-«-p-w k-½-X-n-¡-m-sX R-m³ P-b-n-¨-p-sh-¶-v ]-d-ª-p sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ {S-w-]-n-

aoUnbMedia


sâ S-z-o-ä-p-I-f-n-se-Ã-m-w h-y-m-P-w F-¶ a-p-{Z I-¼-\-n X-s¶ \Â-I-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n. -Z-r-i-y-h-X-v-I-r-X te-m-I-s¯ h-y-m-P-·-m-c-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y-w h-k-v-X-p-X-m ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\ h-g-n {i-²-b-nÂ s]-«-mÂ X-S-b-m-\-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w a-m-[-y-a k-z-m-X-{´-y-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶ c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ X-s¶ \-n-b-a \-nÀ-a-m-W-w \-S-¯-p-I-b-p-w K-p-c-p-X-c {]-X-y-m-L-m-X-§Ä D-ï-m-¡-p-¶-h-b-m-sW-¦-nÂ \-S-]-S-n-IÄ k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-v.

h-n-j-b-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b NÀ-¨-I-sf-¶ B-e-¦-m-c-n-I {]-tb-m-K-§Ä \-S-¯-n \-S-]-S-n-I-f-n-te-¡-v I-S-¡-p-w a-p-¼-v h-n-j-b-w X-s¶ NÀ-¨ sN-t¿-ï-X-n-sâ k-m-[-p-X ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w tN-m-Z-y-w sN-¿-s¸-S-m-d-p-ï-v. k-_-v-P-Î-v X-s¶ h-y-m-P-a-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-n-s\ NÀ-¨-b-n-te-¡-v h-e-n-¨-n-g-¡-p-¶-X-p-w a-d-p-h-i-§Ä h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-p-w h-y-m-P h-mÀ-¯-I-sf I-q-S-p-XÂ k-z-o-I-m-c-y-a-m-¡-m-t\ k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-q. k-X-y-h-p-w A-k-X-y-h-p-w thÀ-X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m-\-m-I-m-¯ h-n-[-w H-c-p-]-m-S-p k-X-y-§Ä _-l-nÀ-K-a-n-¡-p-¶ k-X-y-m-\-´-c I-m-e-s¯ a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-w \-n-j-v-]-£-h-p-w I-r-X-y-X-b-p-a-p-Å-X-m-¡-m³ h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X a-m-[-y-a Ø-m-]-\-§Ä t]-m-e-p-w h-n-bÀ-s¸-m-g-p-¡-p-¶ \-h-te-m-I-¯-v k-a-q-l a-m-[-y-a-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p-Å ]-u-c a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I-c-p-sS h-mÀ-¯-m ti-J-c-W-h-p-w h-n-i-I-e-\-h-p-w h-n-\-n-a-b-h-p-w \-n-Ý-n-X A-I-e-w ]-m-e-n-¡-m-sX F-§-s\ DÄ-s¡-m-Å-m-\-m-I-p-w ?

h-mÀ-¯-IÄ NÀ-¨ sN-b-v-X-v h-n-i-I-e-\ h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-p-¶ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y k-z-`-m-h-a-p-Å th-Z-n-IÄ F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w A-h-n-sS k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-X-v h-mÀ-¯-b-m-h-p-¶ c-q-]-¯-n-te-¡-v k-m-a-q-l-y a-m-[-y-a-§Ä ]-c-n-

aoUnbMedia


W-n-X-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w k-z-m-[-o-\ i-à-n ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v. C-u k-z-m-[-o-\-w D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n ]-e-X-c-w s{]-m-^-j-\-p-IÄ ]-p-X-p-X-e-a-p-d-b-nÂ c-q-]-w-sI-m-ï-n-«-p-a-p-ï-v. sk³-tk-j-\-e-n-k-s¯ h-m-W-n-P-y-h-X-v -I-c-n-¡-p-¶ C-¯-c-w \-y-q-sP³ s{S³Up-I-f-nÂ \-n-s¶-Ã-m-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n s{]-m-^-j-\Â a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-w sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶-X-n-\-¸-p-d-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-y-h-Ø-n-X-n-b-nÂ s]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-n-se A-h-t_-m-[ \-nÀ-a-n-X-n F-¶ h-e-n-b e-£-y-w a-p-¶-nÂ sh-¨-m-W-v {]-hÀ-¯-n-t¡-ï-X-v. U-n-P-n-äÂ I-m-e-ti-j-w k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-I-f-p-sS ]-p-¯³ ]-c-o-£-W-§Ä I¬-a-p-¶-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-«-p-w ]-e-c-p-w `-b-s¸-« t]-m-se Z-n-\-]-{X-§-f-p-sS k-z-o-I-m-c-y-X-b-p-w P-\-k-½-X-n-b-p-w C-t¸-m-g-p-w sX-Ã-p-w I-p-d-b-m-sX \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v C-u A-h-t_-m-[ \-nÀ-a-n-X-n-b-nÂ K-W-y-a-m-b k-w-`-m-h-\-IÄ \Â-I-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v. £-W-n-I k-z-`-m-h-s¯-¡-mÄ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-p-w d-^-d³-k-v a-q-e-y-§-f-p-Å-X-p-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w F-¡-m-e-t¯-¡-p-w {]-n-b-s¸-«-X-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w.

F-´-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v a-m-[-y-a c-w-K-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-aÀ-i-\ h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v F-¶ tN-m-Z-y-¯-n-\-v {]-a-p-J a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I³ \Â-I-n-b a-d-p-]-S-n I-r-X-y-a-m-b a-m-[-y-a [À-a-w ]-m-e-n-¡-s¸-S-m-¯-X-p sI-m-ï-m-W-v F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-X-y-h-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-h-p-w I-sï-¯-n k-t¦-m-N-ta-X-p-w I-q-S-m-sX sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-j-b-n-se a-m-[-y-a [À-a-w. A-k-X-y-w ]-S-¨-p-h-n-S-p-I F-¶-X-v h-n-aÀ-i-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-nÂ k-tµ-l-sa-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã. ]-t£, k-X-y-§Ä X-s¶ H-¶-n-e-[-n-I-w h-n-i-z-k-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ I-m-e-¯-v ]-d-b-p-¶-sX-Ã-m-w

aoUnbMedia


k-X-y-a-m-h-W-sa-t¶ D-Å-q. F-Ã-m k-X-y-§-f-p-w ]-d-b-W-sa-¶-n-Ã. \-m-S-n-\-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I k-u-l-r-Z-§Ä-¡-p-w A-\-p-K-p-W-a-m-h-p-¶ k-X-y-§Ä ]-d-b-m-w. I-®-S-¨-p I-m-e-w X-oÀ-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-I-c-w ssI-t¸-d-n-b-X-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w A-h ]-d-b-p-I X-s¶ th-W-w. B-i-b-]-c-a-m-b-n C-u [À-a-w \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-s\ X-S-b-p-¶ O-n-{Z-i-à-n-IÄ F-Ã-m I-m-e-¯-p-w D-ï-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. k-z-tZ-i-m-`-n-a-m-\-n c-m-a-I-r-j-v-W-]-n-Å-sb \-m-S-p-I-S-¯-n-b-X-p a-p-XÂ K-u-c-n e-t¦-j-n-sâ h-[-w h-sc A-X-§-s\ \-o-ï-p \-nÂ¡-p-¶-p. I-½-n-ä-n ä-p s{]-m-«-Î-v tPÀ-W-e-n-Ì-v-k-v F-¶ A-´-m-c-m-{ã k-w-L-S-\-b-p-sS I-W-¡-p-IÄ {]-I-m-c-w 1992 a-p-XÂ I-g-n-ª hÀ-j-w h-sc C-´-y-b-nÂ 51 a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡-m-W-v X-§-f-p-sS D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯ \-nÀ-h-l-W-¯-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ i-{X-p-¡-f-mÂ P-o-h-l-m-\-n k-w-`-h-n-¨-X-v. A-X-n-e-p-w F-{X-tb-m t]À k-X-y-w ]-d-b-m³ {i-a-n-¨-X-n-sâ t]-c-nÂ X-S-h-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-ï-v. G-ä-h-p-sa-m-S-p-h-nÂ P-m-a-y-w t]-m-e-p-w \-n-tj-[-n-¡-s¸-« k-n-²-o-J-v I-m-¸-sâ N-n-{X-w \-a-p-¡-p a-p-¼-nÂ sX-f-n-ª-p \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. k-¦-p-N-n-X c-m-{ã-o-b-§-f-mÂ A-t§-b-ä-w h-c-n-ª-p a-p-d-p-I-n-b a-q-e-[-\ X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§-f-p-sS I-S-p-¯ k-½À-Z-¯-n-\-n-S-b-n-e-p-w s]-m-X-p X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§Ä a-p³-\-nÀ-¯-n k-X-y-t¯-m-sS-m-¸-w \-nÂ-¡-m-\-p-w P-m-f-y-ta-X-p-w I-q-S-m-sX X-sâ [À-a-w \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-m-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v tI-h-e-w sX-m-g-n-se-S-p-¡-p-I F-¶-X-n-t\-¡-mÄ H-c-p a-m-[-y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I-sâ k-z-m-X-{´-y-w $

aoUnbMedia



"]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-b ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-p-IÄ, I-m-se-m-S-n-ª sU-k-v-¡-p-w s_-©-p-w, F-g-p-X-n-b-mÂ h-y-

à-a-m-b-n I-m-W-m-¯ »-m-¡-v t_-mÀ-U-p-IÄ, Ø-n-c-X-b-n-Ã-m-¯ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ, h-r-¯-n-l-o-\-a-m-b a-q-{X-¸-p-c, ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-nÂ H-c-p ̂ -m³ k-z-]-v-\-a-m-b-n I-ï-n-c-p-¶ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-IÄ.'

s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-bwkv-amÀ-«m-Ip-t¼mÄ

s]mXphnZymeb§Ä BsI amdn. ssl-sSIvku-Icy§Ä h¶p. hnZymÀYnIÄ s]cp-In. kam\am

sbmcp apt¶äw kao]Ime¯v thsd D@ mbn-«nÃ.

ap-l-½-Zv \p-A-vam³

hnZym‑`ymkwEducation


C-sX-m-s¡ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p c-ï-v ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-v a-p-¼-v tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ s]-m-X-p-h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-X-v. X-n-I-¨-p-w k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-nÂ k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-p-sS a-¡-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p I-q-S-p-X-e-p-w AhnsS ]T-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. A-X-v sI-m-ï-v c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä-¡-v k-v-I-q-f-n-se-¯-n A-[-y-m-]-I-tc-m-S-v X-sâ a-¡-f-p-sS ]T-n-¯-w F-§-s\-b-m-sW-¶-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-d-n-b-m-t\-m k-v-I-q-f-n-sâ ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-IÄ N-q-ï-n-¡-m-«-n ]-c-m-X-n ]-d-b-m-t\-m k-m-[-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. kÀ-¡-mÀ D-tZ-y-m-K-ØÀ A-h-c-p-sS a-¡-sf s]-m-X-p h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-¯-nÂ tNÀ-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v ]-I-c-w k-z-I-m-c-y k-n-_-n-F-k-v-C k-v-I-q-f-p-Is-f-b-m-W-v B-{i-b-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. A-h-n-sS B-h-p-t¼-mÄ \-Ã sI-«-n-S-h-p-w ¢-m-k-v a-p-d-n-I-f-nÂ ^-m-\-p-w Ø-n-c-X-b-p-Å A-[-y-m-]-I-c-p-w B-w-K-te-b `-m-j-b-nÂ B-i-b-h-n-\-n-a-b-h-p-w t]-m-c-m-¯-X-n-\-v h-o-«-nÂ \-n-¶-v k-v-I-q-f-n-te-¡-p-w X-n-c-n-¨-p-w k-v-I-qÄ _-k-v/h-m³ k-u-I-c-y-§fpw D-ïmIpw. C-u I-m-c-W-§-sf-m-s¡ sI-m-ï-v B I-m-e-¯-v ssI-b-nÂ I-p-d-¨-v ]-W-a-p-Å k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-p-w kÀ-¡-mÀ D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-c-p-w B-k-v -X-n -b-p-Å-h-c-p -w k-a-q -l-¯-nÂ A-h-c-p-sS Ì-m-ä-k-v B-b-n I-ï-v ]-m-h-s¸-«-h-c-p-sS a-p-¼-nÂ A-l-¦-m-c-w \-S-n-¨-p. F-{X I-m-i-v a-p-S-¡-m-\-p-w C-hÀ X-b-m-d-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-m-h-s¸-« k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-mÀ H-¶-p-w {]-X-n-¡-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-m-sX C-sX-m-s¡ I-ï-p-w tI-«-p-w \-nÂ-¡-m-t\ X-c-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-Å-q. A-¶-v tU-m. k-p-I-p-a-mÀ A-g-o-t¡-m-S-v ]-d-ª-X-v, C-w-¥-o-j-v a-o-U-n-b-w k-v-I-q-f-p-IÄ I-q-W-v t]-m-se C-h-n-sS D-ï-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-m-W-v. A-{X-¡-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-u sI-m-¨-p tI-c-f-¯-nÂ C-w-¥-o-j-v a-o-U-n-b-w k-v-I-q-f-p-



IÄ. \-K-c-¯-nÂ a-m-{X-a-Ã {K-m-a-{]-tZ-i-§-f-n-e-p-w C-hÀ ssI-b-S-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-t£ C-sX-m-s¡ ]-p-d-w-ta-m-S-n a-m-{X-a-m-sW-¶-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³ c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä A-e-v-]-w ssh-I-n. k-z-I-m-c-y k-v-I-q-f-p-I-f-nÂ A-[-n-I-h-p-w ]-p-d-ta I-m-W-p-¶ h-e-n-b sI-«-n-S-w a-m-{X-a-m-sW-¶-p-w \Â-I-p-¶ ̂ -o-k-n-\-v B-\-p-]-m-X-n-I-a-m-b-n I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b ]T-\-m-´-c-o-£-w A-h-n-sS C-sÃ-¶-p-w c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-p X-p-S-§-n. (\-Ã \-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ k-z-I-m-c-y k-v-I-q-f-p-I-sf a-d-¶-p t]-m-I-p-¶-n-Ã).

A-´-m-c-m-{ã \-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-ÅkÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§Ä

"F-h-n-sS-b-m-W-v ]T-n-¡-p-¶-X-v' F-¶-v _-Ô-p-¡-tf-m a-tä-m I-p-«-n-I-tf-m-S-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-mÂ, kÀ-¡-mÀ k-v-I-q-f-n-e-m-W-v F-¶-v a-d-p-]-S-n ]-d-b-m³ C-t¸-m BÀ-¡-p-w a-S-n tX-m-¶-n-Ã. C-¶-v A-`-n-a-m-\-t¯-m-sS X-s¶ I-p-«-n-IÄ ]-d-b-p-w, R-m³ A-S-p-¯-p-Å kÀ-¡-mÀ k-v-I-q-f-n-se C-¶ ¢-m-k-n-se h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-b-m-W-v. I-m-c-W-w, C-¶-v k-w-Ø-m-\-s¯ kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§Ä H-c-p-]-m-S-v a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-g-n-ª H-¶-c ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-n-\-n-¸-p-d-a-m-W-v a-m-ä-§Ä {]-I-S-a-m-b-n I-ï-X-v. {Z-p-X-K-X-n-b-nÂ A-¼-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ X-c-¯-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p H-m-tc-m a-m-ä-§-f-p-w. ¢-m-k-v a-p-d-n-I-f-p-sS ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-IÄ sI-m-ï-v c-ï-v ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-v a-p-¼-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ j-n-^-v-ä-v k-{¼-Z-m-b-w I-m-e-{I-ta-W F-Ã-m kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-p-w D-t]-£-n-¨-p. B-d-m-w ¢-m-k-v a-p-XÂ ]-¯-m-w ¢-m-k-v h-sc D-Å I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v c-m-h-n-se a-p-XÂ D-¨-h-sc-b-p-w H-¶-m-w ¢-m-k-v a-p-



XÂ A-©-m-w ¢-m-k-v h-sc-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v D-¨-¡-v X-p-S-§-n ssh-I-p-t¶-c-w \-m-e-c h-sc-bpa-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ¢-m-k-p-IÄ. C-X-p-a-q-e-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-v ]-m-tT-y-X-c I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ {i-² ]-p-eÀ-¯-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. C-X-n-\-d-p-X-n h-c-p-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-v a-m-d-n h-¶ c-ï-v kÀ-¡-m-d-p-I-f-p-w sI-«-n-S B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-m-b-n B-h-i-y-a-m-b ̂ -ï-v kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§Ä-¡-v X-S-k-w I-q-S-m-sX ssI-a-m-d-n. A-X-v a-q-e-w ¢-m-k-v a-p-d-n-IÄ C-Ã-m-sX h-oÀ-¸-p-a-p-«-n sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-p-w A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-p-w h-e-n-b B-i-z-m-k-a-m-b-n. I-w-]-y-q-«À ]-c-n-Ú-m-\-w F-Ã-m h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-p-w A-X-y-´-m-t]-£-n-X-a-m-sW-¶-v I-ï-t¸-mÄ kÀ-¡-mÀ I-w-]-y-q-«À e-m-_-n-\-v ̂ -ï-v A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-p. C-u ta-J-e-b-nÂ {]-K-Û-c-m-b A-[-y-m-]-IÀ I-p-«-n-I-sf B-[-p-\-n-I te-m-I-t¯-¡-v ssI-]-n-S-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-b-n. C-sX-m-c-p {]-X-y-£-a-m-b a-m-ä-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p I-p-«-n-I-f-nÂ D-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-v. h-f-sc N-p-c-p-§-n-b k-a-b-w sI-m-ï-v i-c-m-i-c-n-¡-v X-m-sg-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-IÄ t]-m-e-p-w I-w-]-y-q-«À ]-c-n-Ú-m-\-w I-c-Ø-a-m-¡-n. C-X-v A-h-c-nÂ B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¨-p.

D-bÀ-¶ ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-wk-n-²-n-¨ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ

kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-p-sS G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b {]-tX-y-I-X D-bÀ-¶ tb-m-K-y-X-b-p-Å A-[-y-m-]-I-c-m-W-v. te-m-hÀ ss{]-a-d-n h-n-`-m-K-¯-nÂ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-v th-ï tb-m-K-y-X S-n-S-n-k-n B-W-v, I-q-S-m-sX sI-þ-sS-ä-v F-¶ ]-c-o-£-b-p-w ]-m-k-m-I-W-w. A-¸À ss{]-a-d-n h-n-`-m-K-¯-nÂ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-v th-ï tb-m-K-y-X S-n-S-n-



k-n A-sÃ-¦-nÂ C-X-nÂ G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w h-n-j-b-¯-nÂ _-n-c-p-Z-h-p-w _-n.F-U-p-w I-q-S-m-sX sI-þ-sS-ä-p-w ]-m-k-m-I-W-w. ssl-k-v-I-qÄ h-n-`-m-K-¯-nÂ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-v th-ï I-p-d-ª tb-m-K-y-X _-n-c-p-Z-h-p-w _-n.F-U-p-w, C-h-n-sS-b-p-w sI-þ-sS-ä-v tb-m-K-y-X t\-S-n-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w. C-u a-q-¶-p h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-\-p h-y-X-y-k-v-X sI-þ-sS-ä-v ]-c-o-£ B-W-p-Å-X-v. c-ï-v ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-p-IÄ-¡-v a-p-¼-v k-m-a-q-l-y-i-m-k-v-{X-w A-[-y-m-]-IÀ A-X-p-t]-m-se k-b³-k-v A-[-y-m-]-IÀ C-w-¥-o-j-v h-n-j-b-w ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p F-¦-nÂ C-¶-v A-sX-m-s¡ a-m-d-n. A-X-X-p h-n-j-b-§-f-nÂ _-n-c-p-Z-h-p-w _-n.F-U-p-w t\-S-n-b-hÀ-¡-p a-m-{X-ta ssl-k-v-I-qÄ X-e-¯-nÂ ]T-n-¸-n-¡-m³ AÀ-l-X-b-p-Å-q. l-bÀ-sk-¡³-U-d-n A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-v th-ï tb-m-K-y-X _-n-c-p-Z-m-\-´-c-_-n-c-p-Z-h-p-w _-n.F-U-p-w I-q-S-m-sX sk-ä-v F-¶ ]-c-o-£-b-p-w ]-m-k-m-I-W-w. l-bÀ-sk-¡³-U-d-n A-[-y-m-]-I-c-nÂ F-w-þ-^-n-Â, ]-n-F-¨-v-U-n tb-m-K-y-X



t\-S-n-b-h-c-p-w D-ï-v. I-q-S-m-sX F-Ã-m A-[-y-m-]-I-c-p-w I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-\-\-p-k-c-n- -̈v A-[-y-m-]-I a-n-I-h-v BÀ-P-n-¡-m³ th-ï-n-b-p-Å ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-h-p-w t\-S-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-X-v A-[-y-m-]-I-c-nÂ ]-p-X-n-b ]T-\ c-o-X-n A-h-e-w-_-n-¡-m-\-p-w A-X-p I-p-«-n-I-f-n-te-¡-v ]-IÀ-¶-p-sI-m-S-p-¡-m-\-p-w A-h-k-c-w \Â-I-p-¶-p-ï-v. I-g-n-ª a-q-¶-p hÀ-j-¯-n-\-n¸-p-d-w kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-n-se H-c-p-h-n-[-w F-Ã-m ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-p-I-f-p-w ssl-sS-I-v B-b-n a-m-d-n. h-y-à-X-b-n-Ã-m-¯, tN-m-¡-v s]-m-S-n sI-m-ï-v A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-p-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-p-w A-k-z-Ø-X A-\-p-`-h-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶ B ]-g-b I-m-e-w C-¶-n-Ã. C-¶-v F-Ã-m-w U-n-P-n-äÂ c-o-X-n-b-n-te-¡-v a-m-d-n. A-[-y-m-]-IÀ e-m-]-v-tS-m-¸-n-sâ k-l-m-b-¯-mÂ s{]-m-P-ÎÀ h-¨-v ¢-m-k-v F-S-p-¡-m³ X-p-S-§-n. C-X-v A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-v B {]-tX-y-I h-n-j-b-¯-nÂ A-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b I-m-c-y-w h-f-sc ̂ -e-{]-Z-a-m-b-n I-p-«-n-I-f-n-te-¡-v F-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-w, I-p-«-n-IÄ A-X-v h-y-à-a-m-b-n a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-\-p-w I-m-c-y-§Ä {K-l-n-¡-m-\-p-w A-h-k-c-w e-`-n-¨-p. a-p-¼-v ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-nÂ t_-m-d-S-n-¨-v X-m-X-v-]-c-y-a-n-Ã-m-X-n-c-p-¶ I-p-«-n-IÄ C-¶-v h-f-sc X-m-X-v-]-c-y-t¯-m-sS ¢-m-k-n-e-n-c-p-¶-v A-[-y-m-]-IÀ ]-d-b-p-¶ I-m-c-y-§Ä {i-²-n-¡-m-\-p-w X-p-S-§-n.

]-mT-y-þ-]-m-tT-y-X-c ta-J-e-b-n-te-¡-v\Â-I-p-¶ D-u-¶Â

tI-c-f-¯-n-se F-Ã-m kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-p-w ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-n-\-v ]-p-d-¯-p-Å te-m-I-t¯-¡-v I-p-«-n-I-sf ssI-]-n-S-n-¨-p-bÀ-¯-m-d-p-ï-v. F-Ã-m h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-p-w k-v-I-qÄ I-te-m-Õ-h-h-p-w I-m-b-n-I a-Õ-c-h-p-w



\-S-¯-m-d-p-ï-v. a-n-I-h-p-]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf k-_-v-P-n-Ã-m I-te-m-Õ-h-¯-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w, A-X-n-e-p-w a-n-I-h-p-]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf P-n-Ã-m-I-te-m-Õ-h-¯-n-e-p-w A-X-n-e-p-w a-n-I-h-p-]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf k-w-Ø-m-\ I-te-m-Õ-h-¯-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¸-n-¡-m³ A-[-y-m-]-IÀ {]-b-X-v-\-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-v. k-w-Ø-m-\ k-v-I-qÄ I-te-m-Õ-h-w G-j-y-b-n-se-¯-s¶ G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ a-Õ-c-mÀ-°-n-IÄ D-Å I-te-m-Õ-h-a-m-W-v. B ta-· tI-c-f-¯-n-\-v k-z-´-w. C-X-p-t]-m-se X-s¶ I-m-b-n-I a-Õ-c-h-p-w k-_-v-P-n-Ã-m, P-n-Ã-m, k-w-Ø-m-\ X-e-¯-n-e-p-w \-S-¡-m-d-p-ï-v. k-w-Ø-m-\ X-e-¯-nÂ I-m-b-n-I a-n-I-h-p ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf \-m-j-\Â k-v-t]-mÀ-S-v-k-v a-o-ä-n-\-v ]-s¦-S-p-¸-n-¡-m³ kÀ-¡-mÀ {]-tX-y-I-w {i-² ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶-p. I-e-m-þ-I-m-b-n-I ta-J-e-b-nÂ a-m-{X-a-Ã, i-m-k-v-{X-ta-J-e-b-nÂ I-g-n-h-p-Å I-p-«-n-I-sf t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¨-v P-n-Ã-m i-m-k-v-{X-ta-f-b-n-e-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\ i-m-k-v-{X-ta-f-b-n-e-p-w A-h-c-p-sS I-g-n-h-p-IÄ te-m-I-¯-n-\-p a-p³-]-m-sI X-p-d-¶-p-I-m-«-m³ kÀ-¡-mÀ A-h-k-c-w \Â-I-p-¶-p. C-X-p sI-m-¨-p i-m-k-v-{X-Ú-·-m-sc k-r-ã-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-p-«-n-I-f-nÂ sN-d-p-{]-m-b-¯-nÂ-X-s¶ i-m-k-v-{X A-h-t_-m-[-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m-\-p-w k-l-m-b-I-c-a-m-I-p-¶-p.

c-@-p-w a-q-¶-p-w \-n-e-I-f-p-ÅsI-«-n-S-§Ä

H-¶-c ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-v a-p-¼-v H-«-p-a-n-¡ kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-p-sS sI-«-n-S-w H-m-S-v ]-m-I-n-b-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-¶-v A-S-¨-p-d-¸-n-Ã-m-¯ sI-«-n-S-w s]-m-f-n-¨-v ]-I-c-w



tI-m¬-{I-o-ä-v sI-«-n-S-w \-nÀ-a-n-¡-m³ kÀ-¡-mÀ {i-² ]-p-eÀ-¯-n. \-m-e-p-hÀ-j-w a-p-¼-v k-w-Ø-m-\ [-\-I-m-c-y h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n k-w-Ø-m-\ _-P-ä-v A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ H-c-p {]-J-y-m-]-\-w \-S-¯-n. tI-c-f-¯-n-se 140 \-n-b-a-k-`-m a-Þ-e-§-f-n-e-p-w B-Z-y-L-«-w H-c-p kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-w A-´-m-c-m-{ã \-n-e-h-m-c-¯-n-te-¡-v D-bÀ-¯-p-w. C-X-v h-f-sc {i-²-m-]-qÀ-h-a-m-W-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w tI-«-X-v. kÀ-¡-mÀ h-m-¡-p-]-m-e-n-¨-p. C-t¸-mÄ C-u kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§Ä c-m-P-y-¯-n-se a-n-I-¨ kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e sI-«-n-S-w t]-m-se D-¶-X \-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶-p. ]-ï-v I-m-e-§-f-nÂ H-c-p \-n-e a-m-{X-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§Ä C-¶-v c-ï-p-w a-q-¶-p-w \-n-e-I-f-p-Å sI-«-n-S-§Ä B-b-n a-m-d-n. »-m-¡-v t_-mÀ-U-n-\-v ]-I-c-w s{]-m-P-ÎÀ, F-Ã-m ¢-m-k-v d-q-a-p-I-f-p-w ̂ -m³ k-u-I-c-y-w, \-Ã s_-©-p-w sU-k-v-¡-p-w, F-Ã-m \-n-e-I-f-n-e-p-w H-c-p A-ä-¯-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-p-w A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-p-w a-q-{X-¸-p-c-b-p-w. C-sX-m-s¡ k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v kÀ-¡-mÀ F-{X-a-m-{X-w H-m-tc-m I-m-c-y-¯-n-e-p-w {i-² ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v.

C-¶-v kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-nÂ ]T-n-¡-p-¶ H-m-tc-m I-p-«-n-b-p-w A-h-c-p-sS c-£-n-X-m-¡-f-p-w l-m-¸-n-b-m-W-v. A-hÀ-¡-v ]-c-m-X-n-I-f-n-Ã , ]-c-n-`-h-§-f-n-Ã. A-`-n-a-m-\-w a-m-{X-w $




C-¡-tW-m-a-n-Ì-v Câ-e-n-P³-k-v b-q-W-n-ä-n-sâ sU-ta-m-{I-k-n C³-U-I-v-k-v 2017 P-\-p-h-c-n-

b-nÂ, A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ A-h-Ø-sb "]-qÀ-W-X'b-nÂ \-n-¶-v "\-m-i'¯-n-te-¡-v X-c-w-X-m-g-v-¯-n I-m-W-n-¡-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n.

A-ta-c-n-¡³P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-h-n

Atacn¡³ P\m[n]Xyw Bi¦ \ndªXmWv. XncsªSp¸v hmKvZm\§fnÂ sXfnbp¶tXm

Xocp¶XtÃm AÃ B Bi¦.

d-w-k-n _-d-q-Z-vhnh: a-p-P-v-X-_ k-n.S-n I-p-a-c-w-]-p-¯-qÀ

A´À‑tZ‑iobwInternational


H-c-p P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w F-¶-X-n-e-p-]-c-n te-m-I-s¯ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y c-m-{ã-§-f-p-sS A-t¸-m-k-v-X-e-·-m-c-m-b-n k-z-b-w A-`-n-a-m-\-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ X-IÀ-¨ ]-e-sc-b-p-w A-¶-v A-Z-v-`-p-X-s¸-S-p-¯-n. C-u I-sï-¯-e-p-I-sf A-ta-c-n-¡³ c-m-{ã-o-b-\-n-c-o-£-IÀ sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-¡-p-I-t]-m-e-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

F-¶-mÂ A-X-n-\-p-ti-j-w \-S-¶ k-w-`-h-§Ä I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-t¼-mÄ X-o-{h-þ-c-m-{ã-o-b, k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I {[-p-h-o-I-c-W-w DÄ-s¸-sS A-ta-c-n-¡³ c-m-{ã-o-b-¯-n-se ssZ-\-w-Z-n-\ N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-IÄ EIUhn-sâ C-u k-q-N-n-I-tb-m-S-v I-r-X-y-X ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-w-h-n-[-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-m-b-p-[ ssk-\-n-I-c-p-sS hÀ-[-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¶ k-z-m-[-o-\-w, t]-m-e-o-k-v B-{I-a-W-w, I-p-S-n-tb-ä-¡-m-tc-m-S-p-Å a-t\-m-`-m-h-§Ä a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m c-m-{ã-o-b-¯-n-se c-m-P-y-s¯ \-y-q-\-]-£-§-f-p-sS ]-mÀ-i-z-h-X-v-I-c-W-w X-p-S-§-n-b ta-J-e-I-sf-Ã-m-w C-X-v h-y-à-a-m-W-v.

b-p-F-k-n-se P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ A-[x-]-X-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ A-h-Ø-sb C-u k-q-N-n-I X-p-d-¶-p-I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. K-h¬-saâ-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-w, D-Z-m-l-c-W-¯-n-\-v þ e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-w, ]-u-c-k-z-m-X-{´-y-w, c-m-{ã-o-b k-w-k-v-I-m-c-w X-p-S-§-n Adp-]tXmf-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-ta-J-e-I-sf A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n-b-p-Å h-n-i-I-e-\-§Ä C-u k-q-N-n-I a-p-t¶-m-«-p-sh-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-u k-q-N-I-§-f-p-sS F-®-w, ssh-h-n-[-y-w, B-g-w F-¶-n-h I-W-¡-n-se-S-p-¡-p-t¼-mÄ X-s¶ C-¡-g-n-ª A-ta-c-n-¡³ {]-k-n-Uâ-v X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v ̂ -e-w A-ta-c-n-¡³ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ ti-m-N-\-o-b-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å D-S-\-S-n ta-m-N-



\-w {]-X-o-£-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã F-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n-¯-c-p-¶-p. t\-sc-a-d-n-¨-v, C-u ̂ -e-w C-X-n-\-I-w-X-s¶ `-n-¶-n-¨ H-c-p k-a-q-l-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ h-n-L-S-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w k-p-{]-n-w tI-m-S-X-n-b-S-¡-a-p-Å c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ kÀ-¡-mÀ Ø-m-]-\-§-sf c-m-{ã-o-b-h-p-w {]-X-y-b-i-m-k-v-{X-]-c-h-p-a-m-b k-J-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å C-S-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

c-ï-v {]-[-m-\ ]-mÀ-«-n-I-f-p-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v {]-N-m-c-W-§-f-n-e-p-S-\-o-f-w sI-m-ï-p-\-S-¶ X-e-h-m-N-I-w A-ta-c-n-¡³ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-s¯ k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v. H-c-p-]-t£, ]-p-X-n-b K-hÀ-saâ-v t]-m-e-p-w h-n-Z-q-c-a-Ã-m-¯ ̀ -m-h-n-b-nÂ b-p-F-k-n-sâ A-h-Ø-I-sf I-q-S-p-XÂ h-j-f-m-¡-m³ k-m-[-y-X-b-p-ï-v. I-m-c-W-w, A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se `-c-W-hÀ-K-§Ä, d-n-¸-»-n-¡³-a-m-c-m-b-m-e-p-w sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-p-I-f-m-b-m-e-p-w, hÀ-j-§-f-m-b-n c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ c-m-{ã-o-b k-w-k-v-I-m-c-s¯ _-m-[-n-¨ b-Y-mÀ-Y {]-i-v-\-§-sf A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ h-n-k-½-X-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v.

a-p³ sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-n-I-v {]-k-n-Uâ-v t\-m-a-n-\-n-b-m-b sk-\-äÀ s_À-W-n k-m-tï-g-v-k-v- X-sâ {]-N-m-c-W-¯-nÂ kÀ-¡-m-d-n-sâ F-Ã-m X-e-§-f-n-e-p-w h-e-n-b tX-m-X-n-e-p-Å L-S-\-m-]-c-a-m-b a-m-ä-§Ä B-h-i-y-a-m-sW-¶-v h-m-Z-n-¨-t¸-mÄ A-t±-l-s¯ sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-n-I-v ]-mÀ-«-n "b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-t_-m-[-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-p-w' sa-m-¯-¯-nÂ "X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-m-\-m-h-m-¯-X-p-w' B-b-n X-Å-n-¡-f-b-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-m³-tU-g-v -k-n-sâ h-m-Z-w i-c-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. I-m-c-W-w A-ta-c-n-¡³ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n tI-h-e-w 2016Â sU-m-



W-mÄ-U-v {S-w-]-n-sâ Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-n-e-q-sS B-c-w-`-n-¨-X-Ã, A-X-n-\-p H-c-p-]-m-S-v I-m-e-s¯ ]-g-¡-a-p-ï-v.

A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se {]-[-m-\ {]-i-v -\-§Ä sX-c-sª-S-p-¸-v ̂ -e-§-f-mÂ A-\-m-b-m-k-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-s¸-S-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯-X-m-W-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-s¶ b-p-F-k-n-sâ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-y-h-Ø-b-p-sS C-u ]-c-n-X-Ø-n-X-n X-p-SÀ-¶-p-sI-m-tï-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. A-k-a-X-z h-n-S-h-v H-c-p-Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-W-v. k-m-a-q-l-y-þ-c-m-{ã-o-b I-e-l-¯-n-sâ D-d-h-n-S-a-m-b h-c-p-a-m-\ A-k-a-X-z-w 50 hÀ-j-¯-n-te-sd-b-m-b-n A-ta-c-n-¡-b-p-sS {]-[-m-\ sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-I-f-n-se-m-¶-m-W-v. tI-m-h-n-U-v19 ]-m³-sU-a-n-I-v I-q-S-n-t¨À-¶-tX-m-sS C-u A-k-a-X-z-w I-q-S-p-XÂ h-j-f-m-I-p-I-b-m-W-p-ï-m-b-X-v. C-X-v B-{^-n-¡³ A-ta-c-n-¡-¡-m-c-S-¡-a-p-Å h-w-i-o-b-h-n-`-m-K-§-tf-b-p-w k-v-{X-o-I-sf-b-p-w I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-n _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. 2020 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-b-nÂ ]-y-q d-n-kÀ-¨-v skâÀ \-S-¯-n-b ]T-\-a-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v, P-n 7 c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w D-bÀ-¶ h-c-p-a-m-\-A-k-a-X-z-w b-p-F-k-n-te-X-m-W-v. 78 i-X-a-m-\-w sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-p-IÄ-¡-p-w 41 i-X-a-m-\-w d-n-]-»-n-¡³-a-mÀ-¡-p-w C-X-v H-c-p {]-[-m-\ B-i-¦-b-m-W-v.

]-c-n-K-W-n-t¡-ï a-sä-m-c-p h-n-j-b-w c-m-{ã-o-b {[-p-h-o-I-c-W-a-m-W-v. k-¼-¶-c-m-b I-p-d-¨-p-t]-c-p-w H-c-p-]-m-S-v h-c-p-¶ Z-c-n-{Z-c-p-w X-½-n-e-p-Å h-e-n-b A-´-c-w A-ta-c-n-¡³ k-a-q-l-¯-n-e-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ h-n-`-P-\-w k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶ ̀ -n-¶-X a-m-{X-a-Ã A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se {]-[-m-\ {]-i-v-\-w. a-d-n-¨-v b-p-F-k-n-se c-m-{ã-o-b {[-p-h-o-I-c-W-w H-c-p {]-[-m-\ {]-i-v-\-a-m-W-v, b-p-à-n-`-{Z-a-m-b H-c-p h-I-t`-¯-n-eq-sS-b-Ã ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w C-X-v



{]-I-S-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v F-¶-X-m-W-v c-k-I-c-a-m-b I-m-c-y-w.d-n-]-»-n-¡³-k-p-w sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-p-I-f-p-w A-ta-

c-n -¡³ k-a-q -l-¯-nÂ N-n -e h-n -`-m -K-§-f-p -sS ]-n-´-p-W tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ h-n-P-b-n-¨-p-sh-¦-n-e-p-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v {]-N-m-c-W th-f-b-nÂ C-u c-ï-v I-y-m-w-]-p-I-f-n-se-b-p-w ̀ -c-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä {]-J-ym-]-n-¡-p-¶ h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-§Ä I-q-S-p-X-e-p-w \-n-d-th-ä-p-¶-X-nÂ h³-]-c-m-P-b-w X-s¶-b-m-h-p-w.

D-Z-m-l-c-W-¯-n-\-v, d-n-]-»-n-¡³-a-mÀ- H-c-p P-\-I-o-b c-m-{ã-o-b {]-N-m-c-W-w \-S-¯-n sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-hÀ-K-¯-n-se sh-Å-¡-m-c-m-b A-ta-c-n-¡-¡-m-c-n-te-¡-v F-¯-n-t¨-c-p-I-b-p-w A-hÀ-¡-v k-m-¼-¯-n-I A-`-n-h-r-²-n h-m-K-v -Z-m-\-w sN-¿-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v sN-b-v-X-X-v. F-¶-mÂ {S-w-]-v ̀ -c-W-¯-n-sâ I-o-g-nÂ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-hÀ-K A-ta-c-n-¡³ I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä sa-¨-s¸-«-p-sh-¶-



X-n-\-v sX-f-n-h-p-I-sf-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-w. h-w-i-o-b \-o-X-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-m-¯ I-p-S-n-tb-ä-¡-m-tc-m-S-v \-Ã c-o-X-n-b-nÂ s]-c-p-a-m-d-p-¶-X-n-sâ-b-p-w I-m-h-e-m-f-p-I-f-m-b-n X-§-sf-¯-s¶ h-y-m-P-a-m-b-n D-bÀ-¯-n-I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ sU-ta-m-{I-m-ä-p-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w ̀ -m-h-n C-X-v X-s¶-b-m-h-p-w.

k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ ssk-\-n-I-h-X-v -I-c-W-w k-m-a-q-l-y-þ-k-m-¼-¯-n-I A-k-a-X-z-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b {[-p-h-o-I-c-W-¯-n-e-q-sS-b-p-a-m-W-v D-ï-m-I-p-¶-X-v. C-X-v P-\-§Ä-¡-v P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-e-p-Å h-n-i-z-m-k-y-X-b-p-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-nÂ k-w-`-h-n-¨ ]-n-g-h-p-IÄ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-\-p-Å c-m-{ã-¯-n-sâ I-g-n-h-n-se h-n-i-z-m-k-y-X-b-p-w P-\-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ I-p-d-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p.

tI-{µ-kÀ-¡-m-c-n-e-p-Å C-u h-n-i-z-m-k-¡-p-d-h-v A-ta-c-n-¡³ sF-I-y-\-m-S-p-I-f-p-sS B-Z-y I-m-e-k-m-l-N-c-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-mÂ "B-b-p-[-§Ä k-q-£-n-¡-m-\-p-w h-l-n-¡-m-\-p-a-p-Å P-\-§-f-p-sS A-h-I-m-i-w' k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v b-p-F-k-v ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-b-p-sS c-ï-m-w t`-Z-K-X-n-¡-v \-n-c-´-c-w D-u-¶Â \Â-I-p-¶-p.

A-ta-c-n-¡³ k-a-q-l-w te-m-I-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w ssk-\-n-I-h-X-v-I-c-n-¡-s¸-« H-¶-m-W-v F-¶ b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-w X-Å-n-¡-f-b-m-\-m-h-n-Ã. s^-U-dÂ _-y-q-td-m H-m-^-v C³-sh-Ì-n-tK-j-sâ (F-^-v-_-n-sF) I-W-¡-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v, b-p-F-k-n-se B-`-y-´-c `-o-I-c-X-b-p-sS a-q-¶-nÂ c-ï-v ̀ -m-K-h-p-w \-S-¯-p-¶-X-v h-e-X-p-]-£aneyjyIfmWv. A-hÀ a-p-¼-t¯-¡-mÄ k-Ö-c-p-w i-à-c-p-a-m-W-v. H-tÎ-m-_À



a-m-k-¯-n-se k-tX¬ t]-m-shÀ-«-n te-m skâ-d-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å H-c-p d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v b-p-F-k-n-se k-P-o-h kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-c-p-² AÀ-[-ssk-\-n-I h-n-`-m-K-§-f-p-sS F-®-w 180 B-W-v. A-X-v A-h-n-i-z-k-\-o-b-a-m-b H-c-p I-W-¡-m-W-v F-¶-v X-s¶ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-tb-ï-X-p-ï-v.A-X-n-\-mÂ, hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p-ti-j-w C-X-m-Z-y-a-m-b-n a-sä-m-c-p "A-ta-c-n-¡³ B-`-y-´-c-b-p-²'s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å k-w-k-m-c-w a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m a-m-[-y-a-§-f-p-sS ssZ-\-w-Z-n-\ k-h-n-ti-j-X-b-m-b-n a-m-d-n-sb-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ A-X-n-i-b-n-t¡-ï-X-n-Ã.

A-X-n-\-mÂ C-t¸-mÄ \-S-¶-X-S-¡-w G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v ̂ -e-§Ä b-p-F-k-n-se P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w th-K-¯-nÂ ]-p-\x-Ø-m-]-n-¡-s¸-S-p-sa-¶-v k-¦Â-]-n-¡-p-¶-X-v X-n-I-¨-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-h-n-c-p-²-a-m-W-v. k-m-a-q-l-y-þ-k-m-¼-¯-n-I A-k-a-X-z-¯-n-\-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b {[-p-h-o-I-c-W-¯-n-\-p-w ]-n-¶-n-se A-´À-e-o-\-a-m-b {]-i-v-\-§-sf A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ b-p-F-k-v c-m-{ã-o-b-¯-nÂ H-c-p A-S-n-Ø-m-\-]-c-a-m-b a-m-ä-a-m-W-v A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. A-Ã-m-¯ ]-£-w ̀ -m-h-n-b-nÂ I-q-S-p-XÂ h-n-L-S-\-¯-n-\-p-w B-{I-a-W-§Ä-¡-p-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v k-m-[-y-X I-q-S-p-X-e-p-Å-X-v.

A-ta-c-n-¡³ k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ `-m-h-n Z-n-i-b-p-w A-X-n-\-v A-S-n-h-c-b-n-S-m³ D-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y {]-{I-n-b-I-f-p-w \-nÀ-W-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ h-c-m-\-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ B-g-v-N-I-f-p-w a-m-k-§-f-p-w \-nÀ-W-m-b-I-a-m-W-v. ]-t£, \-n-e-h-n-se k-m-l-N-c-y-§Ä i-p-`-I-c-a-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-w $




h-c-h-v140 hÀ-j-s¯ ]-m-c-¼-c-y-h-p-w ]-g-¡-h-p-a-p-ï-v

R-§-f-p-sS Z-^-v a-p-«-n-\-v. l-n-P-v-d 1303Â k-¿-n-Z-v- A-l-va-Z-v- a-p-kve-n-b-m-c-m-W-v Z-^-v X-p-S-§-n-¯-¶-X-v. D-¸ A-Ò-Z-v- I-p-«-n a-p-k-v-e-n-b-mcpsS i-n-j-y-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v F-sâ Z-^-v ]T-\-w. k-v-I-q-f-nÂ a-q-¶-m-w ¢-m-k-nÂ ]T-n-¡-p-

Z-^-v- a-p-«-v-, A-d-_-\ a-p-«-v- X-p-S-§-nb a-m-¸-n-fI-e-b-nÂ t]cv tI-« D-k-v-X-m-Z-v- tI-m-b I-m-¸-m-S-n-sâ

A-\-p-`-h-§-f-p-w I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-I-f-p-w

tI-m-b I-m-¸-m-SvXbmdm¡nbXv: kÂam³ sh§fw

Z^v ap-g-§p-¶Im-¸mSv

kwkmcwInterview


kwkmcwInterview

t¼-m-g-m-W-v- _-m-e-]-mT-§Ä I-c-Ø-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. ]-¯-m-w h-b-k-nÂ UÂ-l-n-b-nÂ {]-[-m-\ a-{´-n-b-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y-¯-nÂ A-c-t§-ä-w I-p-d-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-p. B A-\-p-ta-m-Z-\-w C-¶-p-w N-m-c-n-X-mÀ-Y-y-t¯-m-sS H-mÀ-¡-p-¶-p.

b-a-\-n ]-m-c-¼-c-y-wb-a-\-n-se G-Z-\-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v R-§-f-p-sS G-g-m-

a-X-v D-¸-m-¸ C-u-kÂ a-p-k-v-X-z-^ tI-c-f-¯-n-te-¡-v- h-¶-X-v. Z-^-v, c-n-^-m-C d-m-¯-o-_-v F-Ã-m-w C-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v I-n-«-n-b-X-v. ]-c-¼-c a-p-d-n-b-m-sX C-¶-p-w ssI-a-m-d-n R-§Ä \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n t]-m-c-p-¶-p. 140 hÀ-j-a-m-b-n I-m-¸-m-s« R-§-f-p-sS X-d-h-m-S-v B-e-Ê-w h-o-«-nÂ c-n-^-m-C-u d-m-¯-o-_-v a-p-S-§-m-sX \-S-¡-p-¶-p.

]-cn-io-e-\-wK-p-c-p i-n-j-y _-Ô-w Z-^-n-sâ l-r-Z-b X-m-f-a-m-W-v.

l-r-Z-b sF-I-y-a-m-W-v Z-^-n-sâ X-m-f-¯-n-sâ {]-[-m-\ L-S-I-w. X-sâ i-n-j-y-sc [-mÀ-a-n-I, k-m-a-q-l-y t_-m-[-a-p-Å X-e-a-p-d-b-m-b-n h-mÀ-s¯-S-p-¡-m-³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-p. tI-c-f-¯-n-\-I-¯-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-w \-n-c-h-[-n ]Tn-X-m-¡-f-p-ï-v. kÀ-¡-mÀ s^-tÃ-m-j-n-¸-p-IÄ e-`-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-ï-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se Z-^-v a-p-«-n-sâ t]-m-ä-n-Ã-a-m-b I-m-¸-m-«-v K-p-c-p-I-p-e k-m-{¼-m-Z-m-b-¯-nÂ \-S-¡-p-¶ ]-c-ni-o-e-\-w \-S-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. 1303Â {]-]-n-X-m-a-l-\-p-w k-p-^-n-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ssk-Z-v A-lva-Z-v a-p-k-v-e-n-b-mÀ Ø-m-]-n-¨ Z-^-v a-p-«-v ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-¯-n-\-v C-¶-v tI-c-f t^-m-I-v-te-mÀ A-¡-m-Z-a-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w s\-l-v-d-p b-p-h tI-{µ b-p-sS-b-p-w tI-{µ kÀ-¡-mÀ Ø-m-]-\-a-m-b


k-u-¯-v tk-m¬ IÄ-¨-dÂ skâd--n-sâ A-^-n-e-n-tb-j³ D-ï-v.

C-S-s]-S-e-p-IÄ1992Â k-w-Ø-m-\ k-v-I-qÄ I-te-m-Õ-h-¯-n-

e-p-w 2003Â F-k-vF-k-vF-^-v k-w-Ø-\ k-m-l-n-tX-y-m-Õ-h-n-e-p-w {]-[-m-\ C-\-a-m-b-n Z-^-v a-p-«-n-s\ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n. kÀ-¡-mÀ \-m-S³ I-e-m-I-m-c-·-m-sc k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n I-e-m-t£-{X ]-²-X-n, S-q-d-n-k-w tI-{µ-§-sf e-£-y-a-m-¡-n tI-c-f-¯-n-se \-m-S³ I-e-m-I-m-c-·-m-sc DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n "D-Õ-h-v' ]-c-n-]-m-S-n, \-n-b-a-k-`-b-p-sS h-{P P-q-_-n-e-n-b-p-sS ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n b-p-h I-e-m-I-m-c-·-m-sc k-w-c-£-I-n-¡-m-\-m-b-n C-S-X-v kÀ-¡-mÀ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b \-n-b-ak-` h-{PP-q-_-n-e-n s^-tÃ-m-j-n-¸-v X-p-S-§-n-b a-p-t¶-ä-§-f-nÂ ̀ -m-K-a-m-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-pï-v.

A-w-K-o-I-m-c-§Ä2012Â t^-m-I-v-te-mÀ A-¡-m-Z-a-n A-h-mÀ-U-v e-`-n-

¨-n-«-p-ï-v. ssl-Z-c-m-_-m-Z-nÂ H-c-p t{]-m-{K-m-a-nÂ P-\-ssa-{X-n K-m-\-w B-e-]-n-¡-m³ A-h-k-c-a-p-ï-m-b-n. 2017Â tI-{µ kÀ-¡-mÀ K-p-c-p]-Z-h-n \Â-I-n B-Z-c-n-¨-p. C-¯-c-w A-h-mÀ-U-p-IÄ I-e-m-I-m-c-·-mÀ-¡-p-Å {]-tN-m-Z-\-a-m-W-v.

c-n-^-m-C-u d-m-¯-o-_-v-C-¶-v \-S-¡-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p-Å d-m-¯-o-_-v l-n-P-v-d

1303e-m-W-v X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-¨-X-v. ]-n-X-m-a-l³ sk-b-v-Z-v- A-lva-Z-v- a-p-kve-n-b-m-c-m-W-v X-p-S-§-n-b-X-v. a-p-¼-p-w d-m-

kwkmcwInterview


¯-o-_-p-IÄ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-n-e-p-w C-u c-p-]-¯-nÂ t{I-m-U-o-I-c-W-w \-S-¶-n-«-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-t¸-mÄ 140 hÀ-j-a-m-b-n. X-d-h-m-«-nÂ \-S-¡-p-¶ d-m-¯-o-_-v sk-b-v-Z-v- A-l-v-a-Z-v- a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-sS ti-j-w C-¼-n-¨-l-½-Z-v a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-w ti-j-w 1954 a-p-XÂ F-sâ ]-n-X-m-h-v A-l-v-a-Z-v- I-p-«-n a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-w 2014 h-sc d-m-¯-o-_-p-IÄ-¡-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

c-n-^-m-C-u ̂ -u-t@j³ A-h-mÀ-U-v-A-l-½-Z-v- I-p-«-n a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-sS k-v-acW-mÀ-Y-a-m-

W-v C-u D-]-l-m-c-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. i-n-j-y³-a-mÀ B-Z-y A-h-mÀ-U-v D-¸-m-¡-v X-s¶ \Â-I-n. ti-j-w _-¡À ]-¶-qÀ, tI-c-f-¯-n-e-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-w _-pÀ-Z P-\-I-o-b-a-m-¡-n-b A-Ð-p-k-a-Z-v A-a-m-\-n, l-m-^-n-k-v ̂ -m-f-n-e-n, A-j-v-d-^-v- k-A-Z-n F-¶-n-hÀ-¡-p-a-m-W-v C-u I-m-e-b-f-h-nÂ \Â-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-X-v. A-©-w-K k-a-n-X-n-b-m-W-v A-h-mÀ-U-v tP-X-m-¡-sf I-sï-¯-p-¶-X-p-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-p-w.

kwkmcwInterview


tk-h-\-§Äh-o-S-v \-nÀ-a-n-¨-p \Â-IÂ, ]T-\ k-l-m-b-§Ä,

k-v-I-qÄ, tI-tf-P-p-I-f-n-se sU-m-tW-j³, ̂ -o-k-v F-¶-n-h-b-n-e-p-w \-¶-m-b-n h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-sf k-l-m-b-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-v. {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w a-m-¸-n-f I-e-m ta-J-e-b-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-w \-S-¯-p-¶ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-p-w h-y-à-n-IÄ-¡-p-a-m-W-v a-p³-K-W-\.

ssh-tZ-i-n-I-w^-n-P-n, \-y-q-k-n-e-m³-U-v, H-m-k-v-t{S-e-n-b X-p-S-§-n-b

c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ h-f-sc ̀ -w-K-n-b-m-b-n c-n-^-m-C-u d-m-¯-o-_-p-IÄ-¡-p-w Z-^-v a-P-v-e-n-k-p-IÄ-¡-p-w I-mÀ-a-n-I-X-z-w \Â-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-p-ï-v.

a-e-_-m-d-n-se Z-^-p-w c-n-^-m-C-u d-m-¯-o-_-p-w A-`-y-k-n-¨-v B-tK-m-f X-e-¯-nÂ {]-N-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n k-n-U-v-\-n-b-nÂ F-©-n-\-o-b-d-m-b-n tP-m-e-n sN-¿-p-¶ a-P-o-Z-v- l-k³ h-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. Z-^-v a-p-«-p-w c-n-^-m-C-u d-m-¯-o-_-p-w B-tK-m-f X-e-¯-n-te-¡-p-w {]-N-c-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-nÂ sN-d-n-b ]-¦-v h-l-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-X-nÂ k-t´-m-j-h-m-\-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ C-S-§-f-n-te-¡-v F-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-Å {i-a-§Ä C-\-n-b-p-w D-ï-m-th-ï-X-p-sï-¶-v I-c-p-X-p-¶-p.

tI-c-f-¯-nÂh-o-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w ]-Å-n-I-f-n-e-p-w a-m-{X-w H-X-p-§-n

\-n-¶ Z-^-v 1977Â F-w-C-F-k-v k-w-L-m-S-I-c-m-b-n tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n tI-m-tf-P-nÂ h-¨-v \-S-¶ A-c-t§-ä-t¯-m-sS-b-m-W-v P-\-I-o-b-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v. D-k-v-X-m-Z-v- A-l-v-a-Z-v- I-p-«-n a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-e-m-W-v Z-^-v P-\-I-o-b-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v. ti-j-w 1983Â

kwkmcwInterview


ZÂ-l-n-b-nÂ C-´-y CâÀ-\-m-j-\Â t{S-U-v ̂ -bÀ, A-¶-s¯ {]-[-m-\-a-{´-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n-b-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y-¯-nÂ D-k-v-X-m-Z-v- A-l-v-a-Z-v- I-p-«-n a-p-k-v-e-n-b-m-c-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ t{]-m-{K-m-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-b-p-w sNbvXp. ]n¶oSv tI-c-f k-w-Ø-m-\ k-v-I-qÄ I-te-m-Õ-h-¯-n-e-p-w F-k-v F-k-v F-^-v k-m-l-n-tX-y-m-Õ-h-n-e-p-w Z-^-v a-Õ-c-§Ä k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n. 2014 a-p-XÂ c-m-{ã-o-b a-m-[-y-a i-n-£ A-`-n-b-m-sâ tZ-i-o-b X-\-X-v a-tl-m-Õ-h-¯-nÂ DÄ-s]-S-p-¯-n-b-X-v IqSp-XÂ kzo-Im-cy-X-bp-ïm¡n.

]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-¯-vC-S-¡-m-e-¯-v b-p-h-m-¡-f-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y-w I-p-d-h-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-t£ C-t¸-mÄ a-p³-hÀ-j-§-sf-¡-mÄ b-p-h-k-m-¶-n-[-y-w I-q-S-n-h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ b-p-h-m-¡-sf B-IÀ-j-n-¡-m³ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b \-m-S³ I-e-m c-w-K-¯-v ]-e ]-²-X-n-I-f-p-w a-p-t¶-ä-§Ä-¡-v I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. h-y-X-y-k-v-X X-e-§-f-n-e-p-Å h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ F-sâ I-o-g-nÂ ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-w t\-S-p-I-b-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ \-Ã k-tµ-i-§Ä ssI-a-m-d-n sI-m-ï-n-cn-¡-p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p.

C-¯-c-w I-e-m k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k k-n-e-_-k-nÂ DÄ-s]-S-p-¯-n kÀ-¡-mÀ X-e-¯-nÂ ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-h-p-w A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I skâ-d-p-I-f-p-w H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I-a-m-b-n Z-^-n-sâ _-n-c-p-Z-h-p-w \Â-I-p-¶ H-c-p Ø-m-]-\-w kÀ-¡-mÀ X-e-¯-nÂ X-p-S-§-W-sa-¶-m-W-v B-{K-l-w $

kwkmcwInterview



k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶ N-n-e B-i-¦-I-tf-m-sS \-a-p-¡-v k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-p X-p-S-§-m-w.

$ a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w K-h¬-saâ-n-sâ N-p-a-X-e-b-m-W-v, F-\-n-¡-X-nÂ h-e-n-b td-m-sf-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã.$ a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-¯-n-¡-p-¶-tX-m-sS A-X-v C-Ã-m-X-m-b-n t]-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v, -\-½-p-sS a-p-¶-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w H-g-n-h-m-

amen\yw a®nsâbpw a\pjysâbpw AÍ\mWv.IrXyambn kwk-vIcn¨mÂ Xocmhp¶ {]iv\tabpÅq.

F§s\ Ffp¸¯nÂ kwk-vIcn-¡mw?

Xm-Pp-±o³ A-_q-_-¡À[email protected]

amen-\y-s¸-cp¸wkw-kv-Imcw, kw-kv-IcWw

teJ\wArticle


¡-n-b-mÂ a-X-n-b-tÃ-m.$ F-sâ ]-d-¼-nÂ a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-p-g-n-¨-p-a-q-S-n R-m³ {]-i-v-\-w tk-mÄ-h-v sN-¿-m-d-p-ï-v. A-X-v sI-m-ï-v R-m³ BÀ-¡-p-w b-m-sX-m-c-p- {]-i-v-\-h-p-w D-ï-m-¡-m-d-n-Ã. $ \-½Ä S-m-I-v-k-v sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-tÃ, ]-n-s¶-´-n-\-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-¯-n-\-v th-ï-n h-o-ï-p-w ]-W-w a-p-S-¡-p-¶-X-v? $ th-Ì-nÂ a-q-e-y-h-¯-m-b h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä D-sï-¶-m-W-v tI-«-d-n-h-v- ]-n-s¶ F-´-n-\-m-W-v th-Ì-v F-S-p-¯-p sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v R-m³ I-y-m-j-v sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v? $ ̂ -p-U-v th-Ì-v AÂ-]-w t]-m-e-p-w X-m-sg h-o-g-m-¯ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ ssS-ä-m-b I-h-d-n-e-n-«-v h-e-n-s¨-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v sI-m-ï-v R-m-\-mÀ-¡-p-w H-c-p-]-{Z-h-h-p-a-p-ï-m-¡-m-d-n-Ã. $ th-Ì-v a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v ¹-m³-d-p-IÄ F-Ã-m-w X-s¶ \-½-p-sS \-m-S-n-s\ a-m-e-n-\-y-I-q-¼-m-c-a-m-¡-n-tb-¡-p-w. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v R-§Ä H-c-p-X-c-¯-n-e-p-a-p-Å a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-h-p-w R-§-f-p-sS \-m-«-nÂ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-n-Ã.

C-h-b-nÂ G-sX-Ã-m-a-m-W-v F-sâ B-i-¦-IÄ F-¶-v k-z-b-w tN-m-Z-n-¨-p t\-m-¡-q.. \-a-p-¡-v ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-w. \-a-p-¡-v a-m-e-n-\-y-w F-´-m-sW-¶-p ]-d-ª-p X-p-S-§-m-w.

D-]-tb-m-K-i-q-\-y-a-m-b-h, h-e-n-s¨-d-n-ª-h, H-g-n-h-m-¡-n-b-h F-s¶-m-s¡-b-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w a-m-e-n-\-y-¯-n-sâ- -\-m-w {]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p t]-m-c-p-¶- -\-nÀ-h-N-\-w. F-¶-mÂ "a-q-e-y-w X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³- I-g-n-b-m-¯-h' F-¶-X-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-h-N-\-w F-¶-m-W-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-X-v F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w h-k-v-X-p-

teJ\wArticle


¡Ä B-I-W-sa-¶-v b-m-sX-m-c-p \-nÀ-_-Ô-h-p-a-n-Ã. k-a-b-h-p-w B-b-p-k-p-w sh-Å-h-p-w A-§-s\ G-X-p-w a-q-e-y-w X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³ I-g-n-b-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I-tb-m D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X-mÂ A-X-v a-m-e-n-\-y-a-m-b-n a-m-d-p-w. h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b ta-J-e-b-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ \-a-p-¡-v I-m-W-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ Z-n-t\-\ D-]-tb-m-K-¯-nÂ h-c-p-¶ J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v a-m-{X-w C-h-n-sS {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¡-m-w.

a-e-n-\-o-I-c-W-w, a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w F-¶-X-v h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b ta-J-e-b-m-W-v. -\-½-p-sS ̀ -q-a-n-b-p-w A-X-n-se {]-h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b ta-J-e-I-f-p-w F-{X a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b-m-W-v h-n-X-m-\-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-¶-v \-½-p-sS H-s¡-b-p-w N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-IÄ F-{X-a-m-{X-w a-e-o-a-k-a-m-W-v F-¶-v \-a-p-t¡-hÀ-¡-p-w A-d-n-b-m-w. B-c-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w C-X-n-s\-Ã-m-w D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n? a-\-p-j-y³ X-s¶. k-w-i-b-ta-X-p-a-n-Ã.

tI-c-f-w D-]-t`-m-à-r k-w-Ø-m-\-a-m-b-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. C-h-n-sS D-X-v-]-m-Z-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-n h-m-§-n-¡-q-«-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v \-½-sf-m-s¡-b-p-w. H-m-tc-m Z-n-\-h-p-w F-{X-sb-{X I-h-d-p-I-f-p-w I-p-¸-n-I-f-p-w ]-m-{X-§-f-p-a-m-W-v \-m-w D-]-tb-m-K-w I-g-n-ª-p h-e-n-s¨-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v. ]-mÀ-kÂ ^-p-U-v-k-v k-w-k-v-I-m-c-w h-e-n-b tX-m-X-nÂ a-m-e-n-\-y-¯-n-sâ A-f-h-p-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. H-m¬-sse³ tj-m-¸-n-M-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä t\-c-t¯ X-s¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-w ]-p-d-´-Å-p-¶-X-nÂ t]-c-p-tI-«-h-b-m-W-v.

a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v -I-c-W c-w-K-¯-v K-h¬-saâ-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä F-{X-a-m-{X-w ^-e-{]-Z-a-m-W-v.

teJ\wArticle


a-me-n-\-y-w F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-p-w N-o-ª-f-n-ª K-Ô-h-p-a-m-b-n ]-m-b-p-¶ te-m-d-n-I-f-p-w ]-£-n-IÄ sI-m-¯-n-¸-d-n-¡-p-¶ ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v I-n-ä-p-I-f-p-w Z-pÀ-K-Ô-w h-a-n-¡-p-¶ U-¼-n-§-v b-mÀ-U-p-I-f-p-a-m-W-v \-a-p-¡-v H-mÀ-a h-c-p-¶-X-v. F-´-p-sI-m-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w? \-m-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w I-ï-p-i-o-e-n-¨ a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å-h-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v I-m-c-W-w. F-¶-mÂ C-§-s\-sb-m-¶-p-a-Ã-m-sX F-{X-tb-m a-m-X-r-I-m-]-c-a-m-b-n a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W c-w-K-w ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-m-sa-¶-X-m-W-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-w. A-X-v K-h¬-saâ-v N-p-a-X-e a-m-{X-a-Ã \-a-p-t¡-hÀ-¡-p-w ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w D-ï-m-tI-ï ta-J-e-b-m-W-v.

F-´-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y- k-w-k-v-I-c-W ta-J-e C-{X-b-[-n-I-w {]-m-[-m-\-y-w AÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-X-v? a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v, C-e-t{Î-m-W-n-I-v-k-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h I-p-g-n-¨-n-«-m-te-m?

¹m-Ì-n-I-v A-S-¡-a-p-Å a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä a-®-nÂ

teJ\wArticle


e-b-n-¨-v tN-c-n-Ã. A-X-v B-b-n-c-¡-W-¡-n-\-v hÀ-j-§Ä I-g-n-ª-m-e-p-w h-e-n-b c-q-]-m-´-c-w {]-m-]-n-¡-m-sX \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-w. a-m-{X-h-p-a-Ã a-®-n-sâ L-S-\-b-p-w A-X-n-e-p-Å P-o-h-n-I-f-p-sS-b-S-¡-w P-o-h-\-p-w C-X-v h-e-n-b {]-i-v-\-§-f-m-W-v k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-®-n-e-q-sS H-e-n-¨-n-d-§-p-¶ sh-Å-w sI-«-n-\-n-¶-v k-z-`-m-h-n-I L-S-\-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-m-ä-w h-¶ "e-o-tj-ä-p-IÄ' ]-n-d-h-n-sb-S-p-¡-p-¶-p. C-h P-e-t{k-m-X-k-p-I-f-n-e-p-w I-r-j-n-b-n-S-§-f-n-e-p-w k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶ Z-p-c-´-§Ä ̀ -o-I-c-a-m-W-v. C-e-t{Î-m-W-n-I-v a-m-e-n-\-y-§-f-n-e-q-sS sh-Å-w I-b-d-n-b-n-d-§-n- ]-p-d-¯-p h-c-p-¶ e-o-tj-ä-p-I-f-n-se se-U-v k-w-b-p-à-§Ä H-c-p {]-tZ-i-s¯- I-r-j-n-b-n-S-s¯b-m-I-a-m-\-w \-m-a-m-h-ti-j-a-m-¡-m³ t]-m-¶-h-b-m-W-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v-X-s¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä I-p-g-n-¨-p a-q-S-p-I, h-e-n-s¨-d-n-b-p-I F-¶-X-v ]-c-n-]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-n H-g-n-h-m-t¡-ï H¶mWv.

I-¯-n-¨-p t\-m-¡-n-b-m-te-m?U-tb-m-I-v-k-n³, ̂ -y-q-c-m³ F-¶-n-h-c-S-¡-w A-X-y-

[-n-I-w Z-p-c-´-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-m³ I-m-c-W-a-m-I-p-¶ h-m-b-p-k-w-b-p-à-§-f-m-W-v ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v A-S-¡-a-p-Å a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä I-¯-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ]-p-d-t¯-¡-v h-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-v D-ï-m-¡-p-¶ I-y-m³-kÀ t]-m-te-m-¯ IT-n-\-a-m-b tc-m-K-§-sf-¡-p-d-n -¨-v C-\-n-b-p-ta-sd ]-d-tb-ï-X-n-sÃ-¶-v I-c-p-X-p-¶-p. A-{X-b-[-n-I-w k-a-q-l-w tI-«-p X-g-¼-n-¨-h-b-m-W-v. A-t¸-mÄ \-n-c-´-c-w tIÄ-¡-p-¶ tN-m-Z-y-a-m-W-v, I-¯-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ]-p-I a-p-I-f-n-te-¡-tÃ t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v \-a-p-¡-v I-n-«-n-Ã-tÃ-m F-¶-v.

teJ\wArticle


]-p-I-b-nÂ k-m-[-W h-m-b-p-h-n-s\-¡-mÄ k-m-{µ-X I-q-S-n-b-X-p-w I-p-d-ª-X-p-a-m-b H-t«-sd L-S-I-§-f-p-ï-v. F-¶-n-«-p-w a-p-I-f-n-te-¡-p-bÀ-¶-v s]-m-§-p-¶-X-v I-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-v a-q-e-a-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ N-q-S-p-w A-X-n-e-q-sS k-m-{µ-X I-p-d-b-p-¶-X-p-w sI-m-ï-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ a-p-I-f-n-te-¡-p-bÀ-¶-v k-m-[-m h-m-b-p-h-p-a-m-b-n tNÀ-¶-v k-¼À-¡-¯-n-teÀ-s¸-S-p-¶-tX-m-sS ]-p-I-b-p-sS N-q-S-v I-p-d-b-p-I-b-p-w A-tX-m-sS k-m-{µ-X I-q-S-n-b L-S-I-§Ä a-p-g-p-h-\-p-w X-m-tg-¡-v t]-m-c-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w. A-X-m-b-X-v \-m-w I-¯-n-¨-p ]-p-I-b-m-¡-n a-sä-m-c-p te-m-I-t¯-¡-b-¨ a-p-g-p-h³ ]-p-I-b-p-w X-m-tg-¡-v h-¶-p \-½Ä i-z-k-n-¡-p-¶ "i-p-²-h-m-b-p-h-m-b-n' \-a-p-¡-v N-p-ä-p-a-p-ï-v.

F-´-m-W-v a-m-X-r-I-m k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w? J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä I-¯-n-¡-p-I-tb-m h-e-n-s¨-d-n-

teJ\wArticle


b-p-I-tb-m sN-¿-m-sX I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n I-f-I-v-ä-v sN-b-v-X-p k-w-k-v-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä-¡-v- \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w ̀ -£-W a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä h-o-S-n-t\-m-S-v tNÀ-¶-p X-s¶ k-w-k-v-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v th-ï-X-v.

`-£-W-a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä k-w-k-v-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v h-n-h-n-[ a-mÀ-K-§Ä \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-v. F-b-td-m-_-n-I-v & A-ss\-td-m-_-n-I-v I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v, a-®-n-c I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v, _-n F-k-v F-^-v e-mÀ-h X-p-S-§-n-b-h.

A-ss\-td-m-_-n-I-vI-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v

`-£-W-¯-nÂ H-m-I-v-k-n-P-sâ A-`-m-h-¯-nÂ sa-Y-t\-m-P³-k-v _-m-Î-o-c-n-b-b-p-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\ ̂ -e-a-m-b-n _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v \-nÀ-a-n-¡-p-¶ {]-{I-n-b-b-m-W-v A-ss\-td-m-_-n-I-v I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v.

a-o-tY³ h-m-X-I-a-m-W-v _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-nÂ ̀ -q-c-n-`-m-K-h-p-w A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. C-X-v h-n-j-h-m-X-I-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w \-¶-m-b-n I-¯-p-¶-h-b-m-W-v. I-¯-p-¶-X-v h-g-n {]-i-v-\-§Ä H-g-n-h-m-I-p-I-b-p-w- I-mÀ-_¬ U-tb-m-I-v-ssk-U-m-b-n ]-p-d-¯-ph-c-n-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. te-m-I-¯-v ]-e-b-n-S-¯-p-w h-y-m-h-k-m-b-n-I A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v \-nÀ-a-m-W-w \-S-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. ]-e ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n -e-p -w C-¯-c-¯-n -e-p -Å _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-p-IÄ k-_-v-k-n-U-n \-n-c-¡-nÂ e-`-y-a-m-W-v. F-t¸-m-g-p-w {]-tX-y-I {i-² sI-m-S-p-¯-p-sI-m-ï-v \-S-t¯-ï k-w-h-n-[-m-\-a-m-W-v _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-p-IÄ. F-Ã-p-IÄ, B-k-n-U-v A-w-i-§-f-p-Å ]-p-f-n, \-m-c-§ t]-m-te-m-¯-h, a-p-«, a-p-Å-v, A-¨-mÀ X-p-S-§-n-b-h-sb-m-¶-p-w C-X-nÂ \-n-t£-]-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-

teJ\wArticle


¡-m³ {i-²-n-¡-p-I. N-m-W-I-w B-h-i-y-m-\-p-k-c-W-w \-n-t£-]-n-¨-mÂ {]-hÀ-¯-\-w ̀ -w-K-n-b-m-b-n \-S-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

F-b-td-m-_-n-I-vI-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v

H-m-I-v-k-n-P-sâ e-`-y-X-tb-m-S-p-I-q-S-n \-S-¡-p-¶ ssa-t{I-m-_-n-bÂ B-Î-n-h-n-ä-n-I-f-p-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\-^-e-a-m-b-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-a-m-W-v F-b-td-m-_-n-I-v I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v. A-\-m-b-m-k-w \-S-¯-m-h-p-¶ \-Ã h-f-h-p-w a-ä-p-w e-`-y-a-m-h-p-¶ I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v c-o-X-n-b-m-W-X-v. sh-Å-¯-n-sâ A-f-h-v A-[-n-I-w I-q-S-m-sX {I-a-o-I-c-n-t¡-ï-X-m-W-v. D-W-§-n-b C-e-IÄ, N-I-n-c-n-t¨-m-d-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h \-n-t£-]-n-¨-mÂ C:N Ratio D-bÀ-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w, K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-Å I-t¼-m-Ì-v D-d-¸-p h-c-p-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

a-®-n-c I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-va-®-n-c-IÄ ̀ -£-W-a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä I-g-n-¨-p P-o-h-n-

¡-p-I-b-p-w h-n-kÀ-P-y-¯-n-e-q-sS- D-bÀ-¶ \-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-Å I-t¼-m-Ì-v D-X-v-]-m-Z-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-a-m-W-v a-®-n-c I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v. C-X-n-e-q-sS e-`-y-a-m-I-p-¶ shÀ-a-n h-m-j-v G-ä-h-p-w ^-e-{]-Z-a-m-b h-f-§-f-n-se-m-¶-m-W-v. _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-p-t]-m-se-tb-m A-X-n-te-sd-tb-m I-r-X-y-a-m-b ]-c-n-N-c-W-w D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-n-b-m-te a-n-I-¨ a-®-n-c I-t¼-m-Ì-n-M-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-\-m-I-q. C-X-n-\-p th-ï-n {]-tX-y-I X-c-w a-®-n-c-I-sf I-q-S-n

teJ\wArticle


h-m-t§-ï-X-p-ï-v. sd-U-v h-n-t¥-g-v -k-v, ssh-ä-v th-w-k-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h A-h-b-nÂ s]-«-h-b-m-W-v. \-½-p-sS \-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ e-`-y-a-m-b a-®-n-c-IÄ a-X-n-b-m-I-n-Ã.

J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w`-£-W a-m-e-n-\-y-w H-g-n-¨-p \-nÀ-¯-n-b-mÂ _-m-¡-n

h-c-p-¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-§-f-p-sS k-w-k-v-I-c-W c-o-X-n-b-m-W-v s]-m-X-p-th ss{U th-Ì-v F-¶ K-W-¯-nÂ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. ]-v-f-m-Ì-n-I-v, t]-¸À, X-p-W-n-IÄ, _-m-K-v, sN-c-n-¸-v X-p-S-§-n-b H-«-t\-I-w h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y K-W-¯-nÂ s]-S-p-¶-p. C-h-b-nÂ H-«-p-a-p-¡-m-e-p-w d-o-ssk-¡-nÄ sN-b-v-X-v h-o-ï-p-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-¶-h-b-m-W-v. H-m-tc-m I-z-m-f-n-ä-n-b-nÂ s]-« h-k-v-X-p-¡-sf {]-tX-y-I-w X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¨-p A-X-n-tâ-X-m-b d-o-ssk-¡-v-f-n-w-K-n-\-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-p-I h-g-n h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS a-q-e-y-w \-ã-s¸-S-p-¯-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m-w. a-m-{X-h-p-a-Ã C-u {]-{I-n-b-I-f-n-e-q-sS F-{X-tb-m B-f-p-IÄ-¡-m-W-v h-c-p-a-m-\-h-p-w e-`-y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v.

k-m-[-m-c-W h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-c-p-¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-§-sf B-Z-y L-«-¯-nÂ (Primary Segre-gation) ]t¯m ]{´tïm Xc¯nepw cïmw L«¯nÂ (Secondary Segregation) ap¸Xntesd hn`mK§fmbpw aq¶mw L«¯nÂ (Tertiary Seg-regation) \-q-d-n-te-sd h-n-`-m-K-§-f-n-te-¡-p-w X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¨-p a-m-ä-p-¶ h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä H-m-tc-m-¶-p-w {]-tX-y-I-w a-q-e-y-a-p-Å-h-b-m-W-v. C-h-tb-m-tc-m-¶-p-a-m-W-v d-o-ssk-¡-v-f-n-w-K-n-\-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-m-\-m-b-n sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-I-p-¶X-v.

F-¶-mÂ h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w Ø-m-]-\-§-

teJ\wArticle


f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w I-f-I-v-ä-v sN-¿-p-¶ C-¯-c-w a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä F-Ã-m-w I-q-S-n I-eÀ-¶-X-m-sW-¦-n-Â ̀ -£-W-w J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y-§-f-nÂ I-eÀ-¶-mÂ H-g-n-h-m-¡-p-h-m³ h-f-sc-tb-sd _-p-²-n-a-p-«-m-sW-¶-X-nÂ b-m-sX-m-c-p k-w-i-b-h-p-a-n-Ã. A-g-p-I-n h-y-X-y-k-v-X X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å Z-pÀ-K-Ô-a-p-Å h-m-b-p ]-p-d-¯-p h-c-m-\-p-w sa-m-¯-w J-c-h-k-v-X-p-¡-sf-b-p-w tiJ-cn¡mt\m X-c-wX-n-c-n-¡-m-t\-m I-g-n-b-m-\-m-h-m-¯ h-n-[-w {]-i-v-\-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w tI-mÀ-¸-td-j-sâ-b-p-sa-m-s¡ a-m-e-n-\-y-w sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-h-p-¶ te-m-d-n-I-tf-m-S-v tNÀ-¶-v t]-m-b-n-«-p-tï-m. A-\-p-`-h-s¸-S-p-¶ Z-pÀ-K-Ô-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-W-w h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v J-c-a-m-e-n-\-y-§-tf-m-sS-m-¸-w X-s¶ ̀ -£-W a-m-e-n-\-y-h-p-w I-q-S-n-¡-eÀ-¶-v F-¯-p-¶-X-v sI-m-ï-m-W-v. a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W ta-J-e-b-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n t\-c-n-S-p-¶ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-w C-X-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v.

F-§-s\-b-m-W-v C-X-n-\-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-I F-¶-v t\-m-¡-m-w. a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-s¶ \-m-te-m A-t©-m B-b-n X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v G-ä-h-p-w a-n-I-¨ t]-m-w-h-g-n .1. ̀ -£-W a-m-e-n-\-y-w 2. ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä + t]-¸À + sa-äÂ + etc.. 3. sN-c-p¸-v, _-m-K-v4. I-p-¸-n-¨-n-Ã-p-IÄ5. k-m-\-n-ä-d-n th-Ì-p-IÄ (U-b-¸À, k-m-\-n-ä-d-n ]-m-U-v, etc..)

k-m-\-n-ä-d-n th-Ì-p-IÄ s]-m-X-p-a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-sf GÂ-¸-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I. A-h

teJ\wArticle


_-tb-m sa-U-n-¡Â th-Ì-v I-m-ä-K-d-n-b-nÂ s]-S-p-¶-h-b-m-W-v. \-n-e-h-nÂ N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-f-f-hÀ-¡-v H-c-p h-n-t[-\-b-p-w _-p-²-n-a-p-«-v D-ï-m-I-m-¯ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ I-¯-n-¨-v H-g-n-h-m-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v h-g-n.

h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w Ø-m-]-\-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w X-s¶ C-¯-c-¯-nÂ I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¨-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä e-`-n-¡-p-¶-sX-¦-nÂ F-{X-tb-m ̀ -w-K-n-b-m-b-n \-a-p-¡-v C-u ta-J-e-sb ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-m³ I-g-n-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-p-d-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b t]-m-w-h-g-n. X-p-W-n k-©-n-IÄ, Ì-oÂ]-m-{X-§Ä, I-p-¸-n-IÄ, d-o-b-q-k-_-vÄ U-b-¸À/\-m-]-v -I-n³ a-p-X-e-m-b-h, _-m-w-_-q D-X-v -]-¶-§Ä, A-§-s\ F-{X-tb-m h-k-v -X-p-¡Ä. C-h-b-p-sS I-r-X-y-a-m-b D-]-tb-m-K-w a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-p-d-¡-p-sa-¶-v a-m-{X-a-Ã h-e-n-b tX-m-X-nÂ k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-p-w d-n-e-o-^-v e-`-n-¡-p-sa-¶-X-nÂ k-w-i-b-h-p-a-n-Ã. C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-f-f P-o-h-n-X-c-o-X-n \Â-I-p-¶ B-\-µ-w H-¶-v th-sd X-s¶-b-m-W-v.

a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-¯-n-\-vC-k-v-e-m-a-n-se {]-m-[-m-\-y-w

h-n-i-z-m-k-n F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ k-a-q-l-¯-n-se H-m-tc-m h-k-v-X-p-h-n-t\-m-S-p-w I-S-¸-m-S-p-IÄ D-Å-h-\-m-W-v \-m-w. H-c-p P-o-h-n-¡-p-w t{Z-m-l-w D-ï-m-¡-p-¶ b-m-sX-m-c-p {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-n-e-p-w \-a-p-t¡À-s¸-S-m-\-m-h-n-Ã. k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v t{Z-m-l-I-c-a-m-I-m-h-p-¶ sN-d-n-b I-¼-v t]-m-e-p-w h-g-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v F-S-p-s¯-m-g-n-h-m-¡-W-sa-¶-v IÂ-¸-n-¡-s¸-«hÀs¡-§-s\-b-m-W-v C-{X e-m-

teJ\wArticle


L-h-t¯-m-sS h-g-n-b-n-e-p-w ]-d-¼-n-e-p-w P-e-t{k-m-X-k-p-I-f-n-e-p-w a-m-e-n-\-y-w h-e-n-s¨-d-n-b-m-\-m-h-p-I? A-X-p I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n F-{X-tb-m B-f-p-IÄ-¡-m-W-v _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ k-r-ã-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-¯-n-¡Â G-sd P-o-h-n-IÄ-¡-v B-tc-m-K-y-{]-i-v-\-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-p-. a-®-n-s\-b-p-w a-ä-p-w h-n-j-w \-n-d-¡-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ F-§-s\-b-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-w I-p-g-n-¨-p-a-q-S-m-\-m-h-p-I? \-n-c-h-[-n tN-m-Z-y-§Ä H-c-p a-\-p-j-y³ F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-p-w H-c-p h-n-i-z-m-k-n F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w \-a-p-¡-v a-p-¶-n-e-p-ï-v .

A-X-v a-m-{X-a-Ã, P-\-e-£-§-f-p-sS _-p-²-n-a-p-«-v ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-p-I F-¶ a-l-¯-m-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w F-¶-X-v C-u ta-J-e-b-p-sS h-e-n-sb-m-c-p H-c-p k-m-[-y-X I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v B-W-v.

H-t«-sd B-f-p-IÄ-¡-v tP-m-e-n k-m-[-y-X-b-p-w k-w-c-w-` k-m-[-y-X-I-f-p-a-p-Å ta-J-e X-s¶-b-m-W-v a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W c-w-K-w. h-c-p-w I-m-e-§-f-nÂ b-p-h k-w-c-w-`-I-c-p-w tP-m-e-n A-t\-z-j-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-w C-u ta-J-e-b-n-te-¡-p-w I-q-«-a-m-sb-¯-p-sa-¶-X-nÂ k-w-i-b-a-n-Ã.

\-½-p-sS a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W c-w-K-h-p-w G-ä-h-p-w I-c-p-¯-mÀ-P-n-¡-s«. D-bÀ-¶ t_-m-[-y-h-p-w X-m-X-v-]-c-y-h-p-a-p-Å {]-_-p-² P-\-X C-u ta-J-e-b-n-te-¡-v I-S-¶-p h-c-s« F-¶-m-W-v B-{K-l-n-¡-p-¶-X-v A-X-n-\-p th-ï-n-b-m-W-v {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w $

(CleanCircle Pvt.Ltd sâ Ø-m-]-I-\-m-W-vF-g-p-¯-p-I-m-c³-)

teJ\wArticle



teJ\wArticle

d-n-kÀ-h-v _-m-¦-n-sâ _-U-v-P-ä-v F-Ì-n-ta-ä-v {]-I-m-c-w 2021 a-mÀ-¨-v B-I-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-p-w tI-c-f-¯-n-

sâ s]-m-X-p-I-S-w 2,96,339 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-nÂ F-¯-p-a-s{X. A-X-m-b-X-v H-m-tc-m tI-c-f-o-b-\-p-w 61,958 c-q-] I-S-w. B-tf-m-l-c-n I-S-¯-nÂ tI-c-f-s¯-¡-mÄ a-p-¶nÂ D-Å-X-v ]-©-m-_-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.65,195 c-q-]-b-m-

tIcf¯nsâ s]mXpISw Bi¦s¸Sp¯p¶p.Hmtcm ̀ cWIme¯pw CXv hÀ[n¨phcp¶p.

tIm-hnUv Imew Cu Bi¦ Iq«n.

lm-Zn-tam³ [email protected]

B-i-¦-bp-WÀ-¯p-¶ptI-c-f-¯n-sâ s]m-Xp I-Sw


W-v H-m-tc-m ]-©-m-_-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w I-S-h-n-l-n-X-w. tI-m-h-n-U-v a-q-e-w KÄ-^-v h-c-p-a-m-\-w I-p-d-ª-X-p-

sI-m-ï-v \-nÀ-a-m-W ta-J-e-b-n-se-b-p-w h-y-m-]-m-c ta-J-e-b-n-se-b-p-w {]-X-n-k-Ô-n c-q-£-a-m-b-n. ]-eÀ-¡-p-w h-c-p-a-m-\-tN-mÀ-¨ k-w-`-h-n-¨-p. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p I-q-S-n tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ d-h-\-y-q h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-nÂ h-o-ï-p-w I-p-d-h-v h-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-mÂ \-n-e-h-n-se I-S-w h-o-ï-p-w hÀ-[-n-¡-m-\-m-W-v k-m-[-y-X.

tI-c-f-¯-n-se-ssZ-\-w-Z-n-\ sN-e-h-p-IÄ-¡-v th-ï-n- [-\ h-n-`-h-k-a-m-l-c-W-w I-sï-¯-m-sX I-S-w a-m-{X-w B-{i-b-n-¨X-v sI-m-ï-m-tW-m C-u I-S-s¡-W-n? C-S-X-p h-e-X-p a-p-¶-W-n-IÄ-¡-v C-X-nÂ X-p-e-y-]-¦-p-ï-v. I-S-w I-q-S-p-I-b-m-sW-¦-nÂ tI-c-f-¯-n-se A-S-n-Ø-m-\ h-n-I-k-\-w A-h-X-m-f-¯-nÂ B-I-p-I-b-p-w K-h¬-saâ-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v i-¼-f-w e-`-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w. A-tX-m-sS ]-«-n-W-n-b-p-w `-£-y-{]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-w \-m-w I-c-p-X-n-b-n-c-n-t¡-ï-n-h-c-p-w. kÀ-¡-m-d-p-IÄ I-S-_-m-[-y-X I-p-d-¡-m-\-p-w ]-p-X-n-b h-c-p-a-m-\ a-mÀ-K-w I-sï-¯-m-\-p-a-p-Å \-n-e-]-m-S-p-IÄ k-z-o-I-c-n-t¨ a-X-n-b-m-I-q.

1.15 e-£-w tI-m-S-n-b-p-sS h-c-h-p-w H-t¶-I-mÂ e-£-w tI-m-S-n-b-p-sS sN-e-h-p-w {]-X-o-£-n-¡-p-¶ _-P-ä-m-W-v C-t¸-mÄ tI-c-f-¯-nÂ \-S-¸-m-b-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. \-n-I-p-X-n, \-n-I-p-X-n-b-n-X-c h-c-p-a-m-\-§Ä, I-S-sa-S-p-¡-p-¶ ]-W-w, tI-{µ-h-n-l-n-X-w, te-m-«-d-n h-c-p-a-m-\-w X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-m-W-v kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ {]-[-m-\ h-c-p-a-m-\-a-mÀ-K-§Ä. i-¼-f-w, s]³-j³, h-m-b-v-]-IÄ-¡-p ]-e-n-i \Â-IÂ, ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡Â F-¶-n-§-s\-b-m-W-v sN-e-h-p-IÄ.

teJ\wArticle


K-h¬-saâ-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-sS i-¼-f-w, s]³-j³, h-m-§-n-b I-S-¯-n-sâ ]-e-n-i F-¶-n-h d-h-\-y-q h-c-p-a-m-\-s¯-¡-mÄ I-q-S-p-X-e-m-W-v. C-u k-m-¼-¯-n-I hÀ-j-w 55,081 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-sS i-¼-f-¯-n-\-p-w s]³-j-\-p-w th-ï-n-b-p-Å sN-e-h-v. C-X-v d-h-\-y-q h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ 63 i-X-a-m-\-w h-c-p-w. IÀ-W-m-S-I-b-nÂ d-h-\-y-q h-c-p-a-m-\-w C-X-n-sâ 23.49 i-X-a-m-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. h-n-I-k-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-\-p-w t£-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-\-p-w ̂ -ï-v I-m-W-p-¶-X-v te-m-I _-m-¦-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w I-n-^-v-_-n a-p-tJ-\-b-p-w h-m-b-v-] F-S-p-¯-m-W-v. H-c-p hÀ-j-w 25,000 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-p k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-¡-m-c-n-\-p I-S-sa-S-p-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I. k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-p h-n-I-k-\ ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡-m-\-m-sW-¶-p ]-d-ª-m-W-v C-u I-S-sa-S-p-¸-v. F-¶-mÂ, I-S-sa-S-p-¡-p-¶ ]-W-w sN-e-h-n-S-p-¶-X-m-I-s«, a-p³-]-p I-S-sa-S-p-¯ h-m-b-v-]-b-p-sS ]-e-n-i \Â-I-m-\-p-w i-¼-f-h-p-w s]³-j-\-p-w h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-m-\-p-a-m-W-v.

]-p-X-n-b i-¼-f I-½-o-j-s\ K-h¬-saâ-v sh-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v, K-h¬-saâ-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v h-o-ï-p-w i-¼-f-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-m-W-v kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ B-te-m-N-\. C-X-n-s\ ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n i-à-a-m-b-n h-n-aÀ-i-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. sh-d-p-w th-m-«-v _-m-¦-v a-m-{X-w t\-m-¡-n-b-m-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v i-¼-f-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¡-m³ X-b-mÀ B-h-p-¶-X-v. tI-c-f-¯-nÂ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v A-©-p-hÀ-j-w I-q-S-p-t¼-mÄ kÀ-¡-mÀ P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v i-¼-f hÀ-[-\-h-v \-S-¸-n-e-mI-p-¶-X-v. C-u \-n-e-]-m-S-v X-n-c-p-¯-m³ kÀ-¡-mÀ X-b-m-d-m-I-W-w. N-p-c-p-§-n-b-X-v ]-¯-p hÀ-j-¯-n-se-m-c-n-¡Â i-¼-f-w

teJ\wArticle


teJ\wArticle

hÀ-[-\ k-{¼-Z-m-b-w \-S-¸-nÂ h-c-p-¯-n-b-mÂ a-X-n-b-m-I-p-w.

c-m-{ã-o-b k-z-m-[-o-\-w sI-m-ï-v ]-e A-\À-l-c-p-w t£-a-s]³-j³ ssI-¸-ä-p-¶-p-sï-¶-m-W-v h-k-v-X-p-X. C-X-n-\-p a-m-ä-w h-c-W-w. 56 e-£-w t]-c-m-W-v tI-c-f-¯-n-se h-n-h-n-[ h-n-`-m-K-§-f-n-e-m-b-n t£-a-s]³-j³ ssI-¸-ä-p-¶-X-v. A-\À-l-sc ]-p-d-¯-m-¡-n AÀ-l-sc a-m-{X-w DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-mÂ 56 e-£-w 30 e-£-w BI-p-a-s{X. C-X-v a-q-e-w h-e-n-sb-m-c-p k-w-J-y kÀ-¡-m-c-n-\-v e-m-`-n-¡-m-w. 8500 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-v H-c-p hÀ-j-s¯ t£-a-s]³-j³ th-ï-n kÀ-¡-mÀ sN-e-h-n-S-p-¶-X-v. \-q-d-p-I-W-¡-n-\-v t_-mÀ-U-p-I-f-p-w tI-mÀ-¸-td-j-\-p-I-f-n-e-p-a-m-b-n \-n-c-h-[-n t]À sh-d-p-sX-b-n-c-p-¶-v i-¼-f-w h-m-§-p-¶-p-sh-¶


teJ\wArticle

B-t£-]-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. tI-mÀ-]-td-j-\-p-I-f-nÂ sN-e-h-v N-p-c-p-¡Â ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡-W-w. kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ X-\-X-v h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-nâ 73% \-n-I-p-X-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v. \-n-I-p-X-n-tb-X-c h-c-p-a-m-\-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¡-m³ kÀ-¡-mÀ H-c-p-§-W-w. -I-mÀ-j-n-I ta-J-e i-à-n-s¸-S-p-t¯-ï-X-p-ï-v. h-y-h-k-m-b-n-IÄ-¡-v I-S-¶-p-h-c-m-\-p-Å A-´-c-o-£-w D-ï-m-h-W-w. \-n-t£-]I-sc k-z-m-K-X-w sN-¿-m-\-p-Å ]-²-X-n-IÄ h-fÀ-¶-p-h-c-W-w. a-ä-p k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-n ]-n-S-n-¨-p-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v h-y-h-k-m-b-w sI-m-ï-m-W-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se h-y-m-h-k-m-b-n-I h-fÀ-¨ ]-n-t¶-m-«-m-W-v. c-ï-m-b-n-c-¯-nÂ A-S-¨-p-]-q-«-n-b a-m-h-qÀ tK-m-f-n-tb-m-dtbm³-k-v ̀ -q-a-n-b-nÂ ]-n-¶-o-S-v H-c-p h-y-h-k-m-b-w D-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶-n-«-n-Ã. 20 hÀ-j-a-m-b-n ̀ -q-a-n sh-d-p-sX I-n-S-¡-p-¶-p.

sI-F-k-v-BÀ-S-n-k-n t]-m-te-m-¯ kÀ-¡-mÀ Ø-m-]-\-§Ä h³-\-ã-¯-n-e-m-W-v. I-g-n-ª \-m-e-p-hÀ-j-w sI-m-ï-v \-m-e-m-b-n-c ̄ -n-e-[-n-I-w tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ sI-F-k-v-BÀ-S-n-k-n-¡-p \Â-I-n-b-X-v. C-X-p-w tI-c-f-¯-n-se k-m-¼-¯-n-I Ø-n-X-n c-q-£-a-m-I-m³ I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. sI-F-k-v-BÀ-S-n-k-n-sb c-£-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-Å \-q-X-\ a-mÀ-K-§Ä kÀ-¡-mÀ k-z-o-I-c-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v.

s]-m-X-p-h-n-`-h k-a-m-l-c-W-¯-n-e-q-sS h-c-p-a-m-\-w hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¨-p-w sN-e-h-p N-p-c-p-¡-n-bp-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ k-m-¼-¯-n-I-Ø-n-X-n sa-¨-s¸-S-p-t¯-ï-X-v $




2017 A-h-k-m-\-¯-n-e-m-W-v h-n-S-]-d-ª b-p.F. J-m-Z-d-p-a-m-b-n h-n-i-Z-a-m-b-n k-w-

k-m-c-n-¡-m³ A-h-k-c-w e-`-n-¨-X-v. H-m-tc-m k-w-`-m-j-W-¯-n-e-p-w A-t±-l-w I-m-¯-p-k-q-£-n-¨ e-m-f-n-X-y-w A-Zv`-p-X-I-c-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. H-u-]-N-m-c-n-I-X A-t±-l-w H-«-p-w C-ã-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. A-tX-k-a-b-w, P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-

"{]hmkw' aebmf¯n\p \ÂInb F-gp¯pImc-\mWv bp.F. JmZÀ. \m«pPohnX¯n-sâ \n-izmk§Ä Adnª

Fgp¯pImcsâ cN\m Po-hn-X-s¯ kw-_-Ôn¨v.

bp.F. Jm-ZÀa-e-bm-f km-ln-Xy-¯n-se

hn-ip-²³

bm-kÀ A-d-^m-¯v \q-dm-\[email protected]

HmÀaRecall


e-p-S-\-o-f-w I-m-¯-p-k-q-£-n-¨ I-p-e-o-\-X-b-p-w k-q-£-v-a-X-b-p-w A-t±-l-s¯ k-a-o-]-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-mÄ-¡-p-w A-\-p-`-h-th-Z-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se B {K-m-a-h-n-i-p-²-n X-sâ F-g-p-¯-n-e-p-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n A-S-b-m-f-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-m-W-v A-t±-l-w h-n-S-]-d-ª-X-v. A-S-p-¡-p-w-tX-m-d-p-w B-g-w I-q-S-n-h-c-p-¶ {]-X-n-`-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ. A-t±-l-h-p-a-m-b-n sN-e-h-g-n-¨ ssh-I-p-t¶-c-§Ä P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w a-q-e-y-a-p-Å \-n-a-n-j-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v h-n-S-]-d-ª ti-j-w A-t±-l-w _-m-¡-n-sh-¨ i-q-\-y-X-b-p-sS B-g-w A-d-n-ª-t¸-m-g-m-W-v.

F-g-p-¯-p-I-m-c³ F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ A-t±-l-w {]-i-k-v-X-n B-{K-l-n-¨-n-sÃ-¶-v a-m-{X-a-Ã, G-ä-h-p-w e-f-n-X-a-m-b-n P-o-h-n-X-s¯ I-m-W-m³ {i-²-]-p-eÀ-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. a-e-b-m-f k-m-l-n-X-y-¯-n-se h-n-i-p-²-\-m-W-v b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ. ]-m-c-¼-c-y-s¯-b-p-w ss]-X-r-I-s¯-b-p-w DÄ-s¡-m-Å-p-I-b-p-w A-h F-g-p-¯-n-sâ a-q-e-[-\-a-m-b-n I-m-W-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p A-t±-l-w. a-q-e-y-§-sf-b-p-w [-mÀ-a-n-I-t_-m-[-s¯-b-p-w DÄ-h-l-n-¨ B F-g-p-¯-p-IÄ a-e-b-m-f k-m-l-n-X-y-¯-n-se h-y-X-n-c-n-à-a-m-b G-S-p-I-f-m-b-n \-n-e-\-n-¶-p. {K-m-a-§-sf A-X-n-a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b-n A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w a-\-p-j-y-P-o-h-n-X-s¯ B-g-¯-nÂ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X B kÀ-K-m-ß-I-X te-m-I-¯-p-S-\-o-f-a-p-Å a-e-b-m-f-n-I-sf X-te-m-S-n-b-m-W-v I-S-¶-p-t]-m-b-X-v. G-g-v ]-X-n-ä-m-tï-m-f-w t\-m-h-e-n-Ì-p-w sN-d-p-I-Y-m-I-r-¯-p-w N-n-{X-I-m-c-\-p-sa-Ã-m-a-m-b-n a-e-b-m-f k-m-l-n-X-y-¯-nÂ \-n-d-ª-p-\-n-¶ J-m-Z-d-n-s\ tX-S-n, tI-c-f, tI-{µ k-m-l-n-X-y A-¡-m-Z-a-n ]-p-c-k-v-I-m-c-§Ä A-S-¡-w \-n-c-h-[-n A-h-mÀ-

HmÀaRecall


U-p-I-sf-¯-n. A-t¸-m-g-p-w X-m³ P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ ]-p-eÀ-¯-n-h-¶ e-m-f-n-X-y-w ssI-h-n-S-m³ A-t±-l-w H-c-p-¡-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã.

tI-c-f-o-b-\-m-b ]-n-X-m-h-v sa-m-b-v-X-o³ I-p-«-n l-m-P-n-b-p-tS-b-p-w a-y-m³-a-À k-z-tZ-i-n-\-n-b-m-b a-m-ssa-Z-n-b-p-tS-b-p-w a-I-\-m-b-n 1935Â I-n-g-¡³ a-y-m³-a-m-d-n-se _-n-Ã-n³ F-¶ {K-m-a-¯-nÂ P-\-n-¨ b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ c-ï-m-w te-m-I-a-l-m-b-p-²-I-m-e-¯-v tI-c-f-¯-n-se-¯-n. ]-p-tc-m-K-a-\-I-e-m k-m-l-n-X-y-k-w-L-w a-p³ k-w-Ø-m-\ {]-k-n-Uâ-p-w tI-c-f-k-m-l-n-X-y A-¡-m-Z-a-n, tI-c-f e-f-n-X-I-e-m A-¡-m-Z-a-n F-¶-n-h-b-nÂ A-w-K-h-p-w k-m-l-n-X-y {]-hÀ-¯-I k-l-I-c-W-k-w-L-w ssh-k-v {]-k-n-Uâ-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. sI-m-b-n-e-m-ï-n K-h¬-saâ-v ssl-k-v-I-q-f-n-se ]T-\-¯-n-\-v ti-j-w a-{Z-m-k-v tI-m-f-P-v H-m-^-v BÀ-S-v-k-nÂ N-n-{X I-e-m-]T-\-w \-S-¯-n. B-I-m-i-h-m-W-n tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v \-n-e-b-¯-n-e-p-w sa-U-n-¡Â tI-m-tf-P-v C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v H-m-^-v sa-tä-WÂ B³-U-v ssNÂ-U-v slÂ-¯-n-e-p-w K-h¬-saâ-v P-\-dÂ B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-n-e-p-w tP-m-e-n sN-b-v-X J-m-ZÀ 1990e-m-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ kÀ-h-o-k-nÂ-\-n-¶-v h-n-c-a-n-¨-X-v. C-w-¥-o-j-v, l-n-µ-n, I-¶-S, X-a-n-g-v `-m-j-I-f-nÂ I-Y-IÄ h-n-hÀ-¯-\-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v. t\-m-h-e-p-IÄ, I-Y-m-k-a-m-l-m-c-§Ä, te-J-\-§Ä, b-m-{X-m-h-n-h-c-W-w, _-m-e-k-m-l-n-X-y-w F-¶-o h-n-`-m-K-§-f-n-e-m-b-n F-g-p-]-tX-m-f-w I-r-X-n-I-f-p-sS IÀ-¯-m-h-m-b J-m-Z-d-n-sâ "X-r-t¡-m-«-qÀ s]-c-p-a' a-e-b-m-f-`-m-j-b-n-e-p-ï-m-b tZ-i-]-p-c-m-h-r-¯-c-N-\-I-f-nÂ {]-[-m-\-s¸-«-X-m-W-v. A-tL-m-c-i-n-h-w, H-c-p-]-n-S-n h-ä-v, N-§-e, A-S-n-b-m-[-m-c-w, X-r-t¡-m-«-qÀ s]-c-p-a, I-f-n-

HmÀaRecall


a-p-ä-w, I-Y-t]-m-se P-o-h-n-X-w, I-r-j-v-W-a-W-n-b-n-se X-o-\-m-f-w, J-m-Z-d-n-sâ ]-¯-p e-L-p t\-m-h-e-p-IÄ, J-m-Z-d-n-sâ s]-®-p-§Ä F-¶-n-h-b-m-W-v {]-[-m-\ I-r-X-n-IÄ.

k-v-t\-l-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-Ã-m-h-tc-m-S-p-w. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ h-n-h-m-Z-§Ä-¡-p-w I-£-n-X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§Ä-¡-p-w b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ F-¶ ]-¨-a-\-p-j-y³ t]-m-b-n-Ã. tI-c-f-¯-n-se ]-m-c-¼-c-y a-p-k-v-e-n-w h-n-`-m-K-§-sf h-e-n-b X-mÂ-]-c-y-t¯-m-sS-b-m-W-v A-t±-l-w t\-m-¡-n-¡-ï-X-v. X-sâ k-z-I-m-c-y-P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ X-s¶ ]-m-c-¼-c-y-h-n-i-z-m-k-§-tf-m-S-p-w B-N-m-c-§-tf-m-S-p-w h-e-n-b a-a-X-I-m-W-n-¨-p A-t±-l-w. {]-h-m-N-I³ a-p-l-½-Z-v \-_-n-b-p-sS P-·-w sI-m-ï-\-p-{K-l-o-X-a-m-b

HmÀaRecall


d-_-o-DÂ A-ÆÂ a-m-k-w h-¶-mÂ, b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ ]-X-n-h-m-b-n a-u-e-n-Z-v sN-m-Ã-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t±-l-¯-n-\-v a-m-e-I-f-p-w d-m-X-o-_-p-I-f-p-w \-¶-m-b-n h-i-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. I-p-«-n-¡-m-e-¯-v ]T-n-¨-p-t]-m-¶ A-¯-c-w a-q-e-y-§Ä ssI-sb--m-g-n-b-m³ A-t±-l-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. P-o-h-n-X-h-n-i-p-²-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w a-q-e-y-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X t_-m-[-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-m-W-v A-t±-l-w A-¯-c-w h-y-h-l-m-c-§-sf t\-m-¡-n-¡-ï-n-c-p-¶-X-v. ]-c-k-v-]-c-w I-e-l-n-¡-p-¶ N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-I-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v A-t±-l-w [-m-c-m-f-w k-w-k-m-c-n-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-n-h-n-[ a-p-k-v-e-n-w h-n-`-m-K-§Ä X-½-n-e-p-Å I-e-l-§-sf h-e-n-b B-i-¦-tb-m-sS-¯-s¶ A-t±-l-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-n. a-\-p-j-yÀ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-\-p-w k-v-t\-l-t¯-m-sS I-g-n-b-m-\-p-a-m-W-v a-X-k-¦Â-]-§-sf-¶-p-w A-¯-c-w a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b H-c-p k-m-l-N-c-y-a-m-W-v \-½-p-sS \-m-«-n³-]-p-d-§-f-nÂ D-ï-m-tI-ï-sX-¶-p-w i-p-`-m-]-v-X-n-h-n-i-z-m-k-t¯-m-sS A-t±-l-w A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-«-p. B-tc-m-S-p-w h-n-tZ-z-j-a-n-Ã-m-sX P-o-h-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-\-v F-´À-Y-a-m-W-p-Å-sX-¶-p-w b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ F-¶ \-Ã a-\-p-j-y³ C-S-¡-n-sS ]-d-b-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t±-l-w I-m-¯-p-k-q-£-n-¨ C-u k-a-m-[-m-\- k-tµ-i-¯-n-sâ ̂ -e-a-m-W-v h-n-tb-m-K-m-\-´-c-w \-m-\-m-ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w A-t±-l-s¯ H-mÀ-¡-p-¶ \-q-d-p-I-W-¡-n-\-m-f-p-IÄ D-ï-m-b-X-v. t\-m-¼-p-w s]-c-p-¶-m-f-p-w A-t±-l-w i-c-n-¡-p-w B-k-z-Z-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-n-ti-j Z-n-h-k-§-f-nÂ "i-o-c-o³' D-ï-m-¡-m-\-p-w A-t±-l-w a-d-¶-n-Ã.

tI-c-f k-m-l-n-X-y A-¡-m-Z-a-n A-h-mÀ-U-v (c-ï-p X-h-W), A-_-p-Z-m-_-n i-à-n A-h-mÀ-U-v, F-k-v sI

HmÀaRecall


s]-m-sä-¡-m-«-v A-h-mÀ-U-v, a-e-b-m-ä-qÀ A-h-mÀ-U-v, k-n F-¨-v a-p-l-½-Z-v tI-m-b k-m-l-n-X-y A-h-mÀ-U-v F-¶-n-h e-`-n-¨-p. tZ-i-§-f-p-sS I-Y-sb-g-p-¯-p-I-m-c-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-t±-l-w. N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-I-sf k-q-£-v-a-a-m-b-n \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-v k-m-a-q-l-n-I b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-§-sf-b-p-w h-y-à-n-K-X-a-m-b A-\-p-`-q-X-n-I-sf-b-p-w ̀ -m-h-\-m-ß-I-a-m-b-n k-a-\-z-b-n-¸-n-¨-v F-g-p-X-p-¶ A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ ssi-e-n a-e-b-m-f k-m-l-n-X-y-¯-nÂ th-d-n-«-p \-n-¶-p. a-e-b-m-f-¯-n-se A-k-v-X-n-X-z-h-m-Z-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b B-[-p-\-n-I-X-b-p-sS c-o-X-n-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v th-d-n-«-p \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ b-p.F. J-m-Z-d-n-sâ c-N-\-IÄ h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b A-w-K-o-I-m-c-w t\-S-n.

{]-h-m-k-n-I-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v h-e-n-b Z-b-m-h-m-b-v-t]-m-sS-b-m-W-v b-p.F. J-m-ZÀ F-t¸-m-g-p-w k-w-k-m-c-n -¡-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. {]-h-m-k-w a-e-b-m-f-n-IÄ-¡-v k-½-m-\-n-¨ \-Ã\-Ã a-m-ä-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w P-o-h-n-X-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ I-c-p-X-te-m-sS k-a-o-]-n-¡-m-\-p-Å {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS P-m-{K-X-sb-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w A-t±-l-w k-c-k-a-m-b-n ]-d-b-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. {]-h-m-k-w X-sâ I-p-«-n-¡-m-e-s¯ c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-p-w P-o-h-n-X-m-\-p-`-h-§Ä k-½-m-\-n-¨-X-p-sa-Ã-m-w \-µ-n-tb-m-sS H-mÀ-¡-m-\-m-W-v A-t±-l-w C-ã-s¸-«-X-v. B-tc-m-S-p-w I-e-l-n-¡-m-sX, F-Ã-h-tc-m-S-p-w k-v-t\-l-w a-m-{X-w ]-¦-p-sh-¨-v, ]-X-n-sb \-S-¶-I-¶ B h-n-i-p-²-s\ a-e-b-m-f k-m-l-n-X-y-w F-¡-m-e-¯-p-w H-mÀ-¡-p-w $

HmÀaRecall



R-m³ C-\-n-b-p-w h-c-p-w th-Z-\-n-¡-m-\-p-w ]-m-«-p-]-m-S-m-\-p-w F-¶-p ]-m-S-n-b a-e-b-m-

f-¯-n-sâ {]-n-b I-h-b-{X-n k-p-K-X I-p-a-m-c-n S-o-¨À h-n-S ]-d-ª-p. {]-Y-a I-r-X-n-b-m-b a-p-¯-p¨-n-¸-n sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ k-l-r-Z-b l-r-Z-b-§-f-nÂ C-S-w t\-S-m³ A-hÀ-¡-p I-g-n-ª-p. I-m-e-v -]-\-n-I-X-b-p-w ta-m-l-§-f-p-w h-n-j-m-Z-§-f-p-w k-c-f-a-m-b-n ]-I-c-p-¶-X-m-W-v A-h-c-p-sS I-h-n-X-IÄ. I-h-n-X sN-m-Ã-n k-t´-m-j-n-

IhnXbpw kachpambn tIcf kmlnXy,kmwk-vImcnI CS-§fnÂ \ndªp\n¶

kpKXIpamcnsb hmbn-¡p¶p.

kpK-X-Ip-am-cnI-hn-Xbpw k-a-chpw

apkv-X-^ ap-¡[email protected]

HmÀaRecall


¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w N-n-´-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w I-®-o-c-W-n-b-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X h-m-\-¼-m-S-n a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã A-hÀ, ssk-eâ-v h-m-e-n {]-t£-m-`-w, A-`-b-{K-m-a-w, A-K-X-n-I-f-m-b k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-th-ï-n A-¯-m-W-n F-¶ ̀ -h-\-w, a-m-\-k-n-I tc-m-K-n-IÄ-¡-p-Å ]-c-n-N-c-W-m-e-b-w F-¶-n-§-s\ tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ k-m-a-q-l-n-I c-w-K-¯-v D-d-¨-p \-n-¶ I-h-b-{X-n I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v.

"a-g-p-X-n-¶ a-m-a-c sI-m-¼-nÂ X-\-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-v H-S-n-b-m N-n-d-I-p sN-d-p-X-m-b-n-f-¡-n a-\-p-j-y-c-p-sS BÀ-¯-n-¡-p a-p³-]-nÂ \-n-e-w N-m-b-p-¶ a-c-§Ä-¡-p-w a-m-a-e-IÄ-¡-p-w {]-I-r-X-n-¡-p-w I-q-«ncp¶p AhÀ. H-S-n-ª N-n-d-I-p-a-m-b-n- X-m-c-p-I-sf-b-p-w X-m-c-§-sf-b-p-w ]-m-S-n D-WÀ-¯-n B t\-m-h-p-l-r-Z-b-w. ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-s¯ t\-m-¡-n C-\-n F-sâ l-r-Z-b-¯-nÂ I-h-n-X-b-n-Ã F-¶-v ]-m-S-p-t¼-m-g-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I-X-b-p-sS A-`-n-i-]-v-X-X-tb-m-S-p t]-m-c-m-S-m-\-p-d-s¨-m-c-p t]-m-c-m-f-n-sb B I-h-n l-r-Z-b-¯-nÂ sX-f-n-ª-p I-m-W-m-w. tI-S-p-h-¶ A-h-b-h-§-sf a-p-d-n-¨-p a-m-ä-m-w F-¶-v B-i-p-]-{X-n-¡-n-S-¡-b-n-e-n-c-p-¶-v tIÄ-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w tI-S-p-h-¶ a-\-k-n-s\ F-´-p-sN-¿-p-w F-t¶-mÀ-¯-v c-m-{X-n-a-g-b-m-b-v s]-b-v-X-p a-\-k-n-s\-b-p-w a-®-n-s\-b-p-w I-g-p-I-n sh-S-n-

HmÀaRecall


¸-m-¡-p-s¶-m-c-p B-ß-`-m-h-s¯-b-p-w I-h-n-b-nÂ ZÀ-i-n-¡-m-w. "]-X-n-h-p-t]-mÂ sI-m-¯-n ]-n-c-n-ª-p-t]-m-b-v sa-b-v-¨-q-S-nÂ A-S-h-¨-p-WÀ-¯-n-b sI-m-¨-p-a-¡Ä' F-¶-v ]-m-S-p-t¼-mÄ a-¡Ä-¡-p th-ï-n F-Ã-m-w X-y-P-n-¨ H-c-½-b-p-sS t\-m-h-n-t\-m-sS-m-¸-w {]-I-r-X-n \-n-b-a-§-tf-m-S-p s]-m-c-p-¯-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å H-c-p Ú-m-\-n-b-p-sS B-ß-ss[-c-y-h-p-w ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-p Ihn-XIÄ.

H-c-p \-n-X-y k-X-y-m-t\-z-j-n-b-p-sS ̀ -o-X-n-I-f-p-w B-i-¦-I-f-p-w h-y-m-ta-m-l-§-f-p-w h-n-k-v-a-r-X-n-b-p-w h-n-c-l-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w A-h-c-p-sS I-h-n-X-I-f-nÂ a-p-ä-n-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

a-p-¯-p-¨-n-¸-n, k-z-]-v-\-`-q-a-n, ]-m-h-w a-m-\-h l-r-Z-b-w, C-c-pÄ-¨-n-d-I-p-IÄ, ]-m-X-n-c-m-¸-q-¡Ä, {]-W-m-a-w, A-¼-e-a-W-n, c-m-[-sb-h-n-sS, X-p-e-m-hÀ-j-¸-¨, I-p-d-n-ª-n-¸-q-¡Ä, c-m-{X-n-a-g, h-m-g-t¯³, A-b-e-¯-p ]-d-b-p-¶ I-Y-IÄ, I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS ]-©-X-{´-w, tk-m-\-b-p-sS [-o-c-I-r-X-y-§Ä, I-m-h-p-X-o-ï-tÃ F-¶-n-h-b-m-W-v {]-[-m-\ I-r-X-n-IÄ.

]-{X-m-[-n-], {]-n³-k-n-¸Â, k-w-Ø-m-\ h-\-n-X-m I-½-o-j³ A-[-y-£ X-p-S-§-n-b Ø-m-\-§Ä h-l-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. ]ß{io ]p-c-kv-Imcw, F-g-p-¯-Ñ³ ]-p-c-k-v-I-m-c-w, tI-c-fþtI-{µ km-ln-Xy A-hmÀ-UpIÄ, k-m-a-q-l-n-I tk-h-\-¯-n-\-p-Å e-£-v-a-n A-h-mÀ-U-v F-¶o _-l-p-a-X-n-IÄ A-h-sc tX-S-n-sb-¯-n. B-I-p-e-X-I-sf-b-p-w k-z-]-v-\-§-sf-b-p-w DÄ-h-l-n-¡-p-¶ I-h-b-{X-n-b-m-b-n, A-½-b-m-b-n I-m-W-m-\-m-W-v A-\-p-h-m-N-I te-m-I-w C-ã-s¸-«-X-v $

HmÀaRecall



d-ta-m¬ t{K-m-k-v-^-p-K-e-n-sâ "the structure of knowledge in westernized universities' F-s¶-m-

c-p ]T-\-a-p-ï-v. h-y-X-y-k-v-X h-w-i-l-X-y-I-sf-b-p-w Ú-m-\-l-X-y-I-sf-b-p-a-m-W-v1 A-X-nÂ NÀ-¨-s¡-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-u ]T-\-s¯ k-b-W-n-Ì-v A-[-n-\-n-th-i sI-m-tf-m-W-n-b-e-n-k-s¯ A-]-\-nÀ-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-te-

kbWnkw "\Ã' PqX\nÂ \n¶v 'No¯'PqX\nte¡v amänsbSp¡p¶ cq]s¯bpwImes¯bpw IrXyambn \nco£n¡p¶p.

-tUm. lm-Xnw _m-kn-bm³-hn-hÀ-¯-\w: ap-l-½-Zv F. Xzm-lnÀ

k-b-Wn-kw:sIm-Ãp-¶ {]-Xy-bim-kv-{Xw

teJ\wArticle


¡-v I-q-S-n Z-oÀ-L-n-¸-n-t¡-ï-X-p-sï-¶-m-W-v F-\-n-¡-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-X-v. {]-m-c-w-`-w a-p-X-te ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-sâ t\À-¡-m-W-v A-[-o-i-X-z k-b-W-n-Ì-v sI-m-tf-m-W-n-b-e-n-k-w X-n-c-n-ª-n-«-p-Å-X-v. {K-m-a-§-sf-b-p-w \-K-c-§-sf-b-p-w X-IÀ-¯-v X-c-n-¸-W-a-m-¡-n h-w-i-o-b D-·-q-e-\-w \-S-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-p-w ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ P-\-X-¡-v taÂ l-n-w-k-IÄ k-r-ã-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-p-a-m-W-v A-X-v ]-c-a-I-m-j-vT {]-m-]-n-¨-psI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w.

150 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-v a-p-¼-v sd-s\ sZ-¡-mÀ-s¯ k-n-²-m-´-n-¨ "R-m³ N-n-´-n-¡-p-¶-p A-X-n-\-mÂ R-m-\-p-ï-v/R-m³ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p' F-¶-X-n-\-v A-\-p-c-q-]-a-m-b-n t{K-m-k-v-^-p-K-e-p-w F³-d-n-J-v Z-p-Ê-e-p-sa-Ã-m-w "R-m³ I-o-g-S-¡-p-¶-p A-X-n-\-mÂ R-m³ D-ï-v' F-¶-X-n-s\ \-h A-[-n-\-n-th-i k-n-²-m-´-a-m-b-n ]-d-b-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-u h-m-I-y-w k-b-W-n-Ì-v sI-m-tf-m-W-n-b-e-n-k-t¯-m-S- v tNÀ-¯-n h-m-b-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ "R-§Ä h-w-i i-p-²-o-I-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶-p, A-X-n-\-mÂ (R-§Ä) \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p' F-¶-v h-n-hÀ-¯-\-w sN-¿-m-w. "R-§Ä t]-m-c-m-S-p-¶-p A-X-v-sI-m-ï-v R-§Ä \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p' F-¶-X-v k-b-W-n-k-¯-n-sâ B-ZÀ-i L-S-\-b-m-sW-¶-v Ú-m-\-i-m-k-v-{X-]-c-a-m-b-p-w ̀ -h-i-m-k-v-{X-]-c-a-m-b-p-sa-Ã-m-w (ontological) a-n-\-l-n-w _-n-K-n³ k-aÀ-Y-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. "H-c-p ssk-\-n-I-c-m-{ã-w F-¶-X-m-W-v k-w-Ø-m-]-\-w a-p-XÂ \-nÀ-a-m-W L-«-¯-n-e-p-w ti-j-w h-n-I-m-k L-«-¯-n-e-p-sa-Ã-m-w P-q-X-c-m-{ã \-nÀa-m-W-¯-n-sâ A-S-n-¡-Ã-v' F-¶-v Z-n d-n-th-mÄ-«-v F-¶ ]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-nÂ _-n-K-n³ A-`-n-{]-m-b-s]-S-p-¶-p. _-n-K-n-s\ X-s¶ C-§-s\ h-m-b-n-¡-m-w: "c-à-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ]-p-I-b-p-sS-b-p-w I-®-p-\-o-c-n-sâ-

teJ\wArticle


b-p-sa-Ã-m-a-n-S-b-nÂ ]-X-n-s\-«-m-b-n-c-w hÀ-j-§-tf-m-f-a-m-b-n te-m-I-¯-n-\-v ]-c-n-N-b-a-n-Ã-m-¯ "t]-m-c-m-S-p-¶ P-q-X³' (fighting Jew) F-¶ ]-p-X-n-sb-m-c-p a-\-p-j-y h-n-`-m-K-w P-\-\-w sI-m-ï-p. B-Z-y-w sh-d-p-¡-W-w ]-n-s¶ t]-m-c-m-S-W-w F-¶-tÃ {]-a-m-W-w. ̀ -b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶, \-o-X-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-m-¯, b-p-K-§Ä ]-g-¡-a-p-Å P-q-X-c-p-sS {]-X-n-I-c-W-ti-j-n-b-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-sb-b-m-W-v R-§Ä-¡-m-Z-y-w sh-d-p-t¡-ï-X-v. k-l-{k-m-Ð-§-f-m-b-n C-u {]-X-n-I-c-W ti-j-n-b-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-sS ^-e-a-m-b-n te-m-I-¯-n-e-q-sS A-e-ª-p-X-n-c-n-ª-v `-q-c-n-]-£-t¯-m-S-v R-§-sf I-q-«-s¡-m-e sN-¿-tW F-¶-v h-n-f-n-¨-p ]-d-b-p-¶ H-c-p k-v-X-w-`-a-m-b-n P-q-X³ a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.' (the revolt, Minahim begin)

^-e-k-v-X-o-\-nÂ \-h-tZ-i-o-b-h-p-w ssI-b-q-¡-n-e-p-w I-c-p-¯-n-e-p-w \-n-£-n-]-v-X-a-m-b-X-p-a-m-b H-c-p B-[-p-\-n-I P-q-X-k-z-X-z-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-m-\-p-Å {i-a-¯-n-sâ ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-nÂ th-W-w _-n-K-n-sâ C-u {]-k-v-X-m-h-\-sb a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m³. k-a-m-[-m-\-t¯-m-sS P-o-h-n-¡-m³ H-c-n-S-w F-¶-X-Ã _-n-K-n-\-p-w I-q-«-c-p-w C-u {i-a-¯-n-e-q-sS e-£-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-sX-m-c-p ]-t£ A-hÀ-¡-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w. {]-X-y-p-X, b-q-td-m-¸-n-e-p-w a-ä-n-S-§-f-n-e-p-w sk-a-n-ä-n-I-v h-n-c-p-² {I-q-c-X-IÄ-¡-p-w \-nÀ-Z-b-¡-p-w C-c-b-m-b-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ "Z-pÀ-_-e-\-p-w i-m-´-\-p-a-m-b P-q-X³' F-¶-X-n-s\ C-Ã-m-b-v-a sN-¿-e-m-W-v A-h-c-p-sS b-Y-mÀ-Y D-¶-w.

A-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w A-h-I-m-i-h-p-w D-Å H-c-p P-q-X a-m-X-r-I {]-X-n-j-vT-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-X-p-h-g-n te-m-I-¯-nÂ H-c-n-S-w ssI-b-S-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v C-X-n-e-q-sS A-hÀ X-m-X-v-]-c-y-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. _-n-K-n-s\-

teJ\wArticle


b-p-w A-b-m-f-p-sS {]-Ø-m-\-s¯-b-p-w k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-S-t¯-m-f-w "R-§Ä t]-m-c-m-S-p-¶-p' F-¶-X-v X-§-f-p-sS k-z-X-z c-q-]-o-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ l-r-Z-b-a-m-W-v. kÀ-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-e-p-IÄ-¡-v ]-m-{X-a-m-b-n sK-tä-m-I-f-nÂ (b-l-q-Z k-t¦-X-§Ä) ssZ-h-ta-m-£-h-p-w {]-X-o-£-n-¨-v P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶ Z-pÀ-_-e P-q-X-s\ C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-n sI-©-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w tI-g-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w ]-I-c-w t]-m-c-m-S-p-¶, h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-b-m-b H-c-p P-q-X-s\ XÂØ-m-\-¯-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-a-m-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w F-¶-hÀ C-X-n-e-q-sS I-W-¡-p I-q-«-p-¶-p.

\-m-f-n-X-p-h-sc X-§-f-\-p-`-h-n-¨ th-Z-\-IÄ sh-¨-p-t\-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ssZ-h-ta-m-£-w D-S-s\-m-¶-p-w e-`-n-¡-n-sÃ-¶-p-w ssI-b-q-¡-n-\-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-\-p-w a-m-{X-ta R-§-f-p-sS A-`-n-i-]-v-X k-m-l-N-c-y-§Ä-¡-v a-m-ä-w h-c-p-¯-m-\-m-I-q F-¶-p-w h-n-i-z-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-n-S-t¯-¡-v k-b-W-n-k-w P-q-X-sc F-¯-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v.

C-u-bÀ-Y-¯-nÂ, X-§Ä F-´-m-h-W-sa-¶-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¡-m-\-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I-te-m-I-¯-v tN-m-c h-o-g-v-¯-n-b-p-w I-o-g-S-¡-n-b-p-w tI-m-f-\-n-hXvI-c-W-w \-S-¯-n-b-p-sa-Ã-m-w tZ-i-o-b-X-IÄ \-nÀ-a-n-¡-p-¶ ]-S-n-ª-m-d³ a-\-p-j-y-t\-m-S-v (-western man) X-p-e-y-\-m-I-m-\-p-a-p-Å Ú-m-\-i-m-k-v-{X ]-²-X-n-b-m-W-v k-b-W-n-k-w F-¶-p-]-d-b-m-w. P-q-X-c-p-sS A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-e-p-IÄ A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-m³ H-c-p tZ-i-o-b h-n-ta-m-N-\ {]-Ø-m-\-w F-¶ \-n-e-¡-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ B-Z-y-w "t]-m-c-m-S-n'b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. F-¶-mÂ C-{k-m-tb-e-n-sâ ]-n-d-h-n-¡-v ti-j-w k-b-W-n-Ì-v "t]-m-c-m-«-w' ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-e-S-¡-a-p-Å X-§-f-p-sS A-[-n-\-n-th-i sI-m-

teJ\wArticle


tf-m-W-n-b-e-n-k-s¯ F-X-nÀ-¡-p-¶-h-sc A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-m-\-p-Å-X-m-b-n a-m-d-n.

h-m-k-v-X-h-¯-nÂ "k-b-W-n-k-w P-q-X-a-X-¯-nÂ a-tX-X-c, tZ-i-o-b-hXv-I-c-W-§Ä \-S-¯-n. e-£-y-¯-n-te-¡-v h-g-n I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p {K-Ù-sa-¶ \-n-e-¡-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã C-X-v. a-d-n-¨-v, c-m-{ã-o-b k-a-q-l-s¯ \-n-b-{´-n-¡-m-\-p-Å A-[-n-I-m-c-Z-Þ-v F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p' F-X-v-\-n-I-v ¢-o³-k-v H-m-^-v ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ F-¶ ]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-nÂ C-e³ t]-]-v B-W-v C-§-s\ A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v.

sZ-¡-mÀ-s¯ ssZ-h-¯-n-\-p ]-I-c-w R-m³ F-¶-X-n-s\ ]-p-X-n-b Ú-m-\-m-S-n-¯-d-b-m-b-n A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v t]-m-se-¯-s¶-b-m-W-v k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ ^-e-k-v-X-o-\-nÂ b-q-td-m tI-{µ-o-I-r-X-h-p-w hÀ-K-o-b-þ-h-w-i-l-X-y-]-c-h-p-a-m-b H-c-p te-m-I-h-o-£-W-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w. A-[-o-i-X-z-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b, c-m-{ã k-w-Ø-m-]-\-s¯ ssZ-h-a-m-b-n I-m-W-p-¶ k-b-W-n-Ì-v P-q-X A-[-n-\-n-th-i sI-m-tf-m-W-n-b-e-n-k-w A-S-n-¯-d-b-m-¡-n-b-m-W-v B h-o-£-W-w sI-«-n-¸-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v. \-n-j-v-{I-n-b-\-m-b ssZ-h-s¯ I-m-¯-p-\-nÂ-¡-m-sX G-X-p-h-n-t[-\-b-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v ̀ -m-h-n-b-n-te-¡-v th-c-q-¶-m³ th-ï-n-b-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\ c-o-X-n-I-f-n-te-¡-v C-u h-o-£-W-s¯ X-p-SÀ-¶-v "B-[-p-\-n-I P-q-X³' a-m-d-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

"2000 hÀ-j-t¯-m-f-a-m-b-n P-q-X³ H-c-m-b-p-[-h-p-w sX-m-«-n-«-n-Ã. F-¶-mÂ B i-o-e-s¯ a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b-p-w i-m-c-o-c-n-I-a-m-b-p-w R-§Ä \-n-c-m-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v' F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS k-z-X-z-s¯ ]-p-\À-\-nÀ-a-n-¡-m-\-p-Å a-mÀ-K-a-m-W-v B-{I-a-tW-m-Õ-p-I-X

teJ\wArticle


F-¶-m-W-v _-n-K-n³ ]-d-ª-p sh-¡-p-¶-X-v."R-§Ä P-q-XÀ' F-s´-¶-v h-y-à-a-m-¡-p-¶-n-S-

¯-v _-n-K-n³ C-§-s\ ]-d-b-p-¶-p-ï-v: "k-z-tZ-i-¯-p-\-n-¶-p-w \-m-S-p-I-S-¯-s¸-«-t¸-m-g-m-W-v R-§Ä B-b-p-[-§Ä D-t]-£-n-¨-X-v. A-X-n-\-mÂ k-z-tZ-i-t¯-¡-v D-Å a-S-¡-w X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w B-b-p-[ {]-tb-m-K-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w i-à-n-b-p-tS-b-p-w ]-p-\-x{]-X-n-j-vT-b-n-te-¡-v I-q-S-n-b-p-Å a-S-¡-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w.' A-§-s\, k-z-tZ-i-¯-v X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-n B-b-p-[-h-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w {]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ i-à-\-m-b P-q-X h-y-à-n-X-z-¯-nsâ ]-n-d-h-n-¡-m-W-v C-u \-m-S-p-I-S-¯Â h-g-n-sb-m-c-p-¡-n-b-X-v. XÂ-^-e-a-m-b-n tZ-i-o-b-X-m ]-²-X-n-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w B-b-p-[-{]-tb-m-K-¯-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w P-q-X-sc ]-p-\-c-[-n-h-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ \-n-j-v-{I-n-b-\-m-b ssZ-h-¯-n-sâ Ø-m-\-¯-v c-£-m-a-mÀ-K-a-m-b-n B-b-p-[-s¯ {]-X-n-j-vT-n-¨-p.

b-m-Y-m-k-v-°-n-I c-m-{ã-o-b h-n-c-à-n-t¡-m ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X P-q-X-m-b-n-k-¯-n-t\-m P-q-X-s\ A-{I-a-§-

teJ\wArticle


f-nÂ \-n-¶-v c-£-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-sÃ-¶-v t_-m-[-y-a-p-Å i-à-\-p-w A-{I-a-I-m-c-n-b-p-a-m-b B-[-p-\-n-I P-q-X-s\ te-m-I-t¯-¡-v P-·-w \Â-I-m³ b-q-td-m-¸-n-se P-q-X {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-w I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n. P-q-X k-a-q-l-§-f-p-sS B-h-m-k-h-y-h-Ø-IÄ ssI-tb-d-p-¶, ̀ -q-a-n I-o-g-S-¡-p-¶, P-q-X-s\ i-n-£-n-¡-p-¶ b-q-td-m-¸-n-sâ C-c-b-m-h-p-¶-X-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w c-£-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å G-I a-mÀ-K-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p slÀ-k-e-n-\-p-w k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ-¡-p-w A-{I-a-m-ß-I-X. C-X-n-\-m-b-n ssk-\-n-I-]-c-a-m-b-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b-]-c-a-m-b-p-w i-à-h-p-w k-¼-¶-h-p-a-m-b H-c-p k-J-y-s¯-b-m-W-v slÀ-kÂ B-{K-l-n-¨-X-v. P-q-X-¡-q-«-§-tf-m-S-v I-p-S-n-tb-dÂ X-tâ-S-t¯-m-sS-b-p-Å H-c-p k-a-c-a-p-d-b-m-b-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ slÀ-kÂ \-nÀ-tZi-n-¡-p-I t]-m-e-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

B-´-c-n-I-a-m-b-n, tZ-i-o-b-X-sb ]-p-W-c-p-¶-X-n-te-¡-v \-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å P-q-X a-t\-m-`-m-h-s¯ ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å Ú-m-\-i-m-k-v-{X ]-²-X-n-b-m-W-v k-b-W-n-k-sa-¦-nÂ _-m-l-y-a-m-b-n {_-n-«-\-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-s\ t\-S-n-sb-S-p-¯-p A-h-n-sS-sb-m-c-p A-[-o-i-X-z sI-m-tf-m-W-n-bÂ tÌ-ä-v Ø-m-]-n-¡-m-\-p-Å ]-²-X-n-b-m-W-X-v.

c-m-{ã \-nÀ-a-m-W-¯-n-\-m-b-n h-m-sf-S-p-¡-p-t¼-mÄ h-n-i-p-²-]-p-k-v -X-I-w H-c-p h-i-t¯-¡-v a-m-ä-n sh-¡-W-w F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶ a-n-I-m s_À-U-n-tj-m-k-v-I-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w k-uÄ {S-\-n-tj-m-k-v -I-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w F-g-p-¯-p-I-f-nÂ C-u \-h-k-b-W-n-Ì-v a-t\-m-`-m-h-w h-y-à-a-m-I-p-¶-p-ï-v. _-n-K-n³ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v sI-m-Ã-s¸-«-h-tc-m-S-v I-c-p-W I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-I-c-w sI-m-¶-h-sc _-l-p-a-m-\-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w ̀ -b-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-m-W-v te-m-I-¯-n-sâ i-o-e-w F-¶-m-W-v.

teJ\wArticle


A-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-s{X H-c-p "\-h-t]-m-c-m-f-n' k-z-X-z-w c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ C-d-§-n-¸-p-d-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v.

"H-c-p h-m-¡-n-\-v \-m-S-v I-m-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã. H-c-p {]-k-w-K-¯-n-\-v c-m-P-y-w \-nÀ-a-n-¡-m-\-p-a-m-I-n-Ã. c-à-¯-n-e-p-w X-o-b-n-e-p-a-m-W-v P-q-X³ h-o-W-p-t]-m-b-X-v. c-à-h-p-w X-o-b-p-w sI-m-ï-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v P-q-X³ ]-p-\À-P-\-n-¡-m-\-p-w t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v' F-¶ a-p-{Z-m-h-m-I-y-h-p-a-m-b-n b-n-ä-v-k-m-I-v s_³-k-n-b-p-w tU-h-n-U-v K-p-c-y-\-p-w \-b-n-¨ c-l-k-y k-w-L-¯-n³-sd h-c-th-m-sS-b-m-W-v ssI-b-q-¡-p-w I-c-p-¯-p-w H-c-p h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X L-S-\-sb-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-v t\-sc sI-«-g-n-¨-p h-n-S-s¸-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b-X-v.

B-[-p-\-n-I-X-b-p-w a-tX-X-c `-u-X-n-I-X-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p k-b-W-n-Ì-v ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS a-p-J-y-`-m-K-w. C-X-m-I-s«, a-\-p-j-y-s\-b-p-w A-h-sâ/A-h-f-p-sS {]-hr-¯-n-I-sf-b-p-w b-q-td-m tI-{µ-o-I-r-X-a-m-b-n h-n-`-m-h-\-w sN-¿-e-n-s\ DÄ-h-l-n-¡-p-¶-p-a-p-ï-v . C-X-v a-\-p-j-y-s\ ]-c-p-h-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sb-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v B-[-p-\-n-I-a-m-b H-c-p X-c-w s]-m-c-p-f-p-I-f-p-sS i-q-\-y-X-b-n-te-¡-m-W-v. C-tX b-q-td-m tI-{µ-o-I-r-X h-w-i-o-b hÀ-K-o-b I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-IÄ DÄ-h-l-n-¨-m-W-v C-u ̀ -u-X-n-I a-\-p-j-y³ {]-X-n-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w a-ä-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. A-[-n-I-m-c-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v \-h-`-u-X-n-I-te-m-I-¯-v ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å G-I A-f-h-p-tI-mÂ F-¶ t_-m-[-h-p-w t_-m-[-y-h-p-a-p-Å "B-[-p-\-n-I k-b-W-n-Ì-v h-y-à-n'sb c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sb-S-p-¡-m-\-m-b-n b-q-td-m tI-{µ-o-I-r-X h-w-i-o-b-L-S-\-sb D-Å-n-e-m-h-m-l-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w h-o-ï-p-w h-o-ï-p-w ]-p-\-c-pXv-]-m-Z-n-¸-n-

teJ\wArticle


¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-v k-b-W-n-k-w.^-e-k-v-X-o-\-n-te-¡-v a-S-§-p-¶ h-n-j-b-¯-nÂ

]-m-c-¼-c-y b-m-Y-m-Ø-n-X-n-I P-q-X-m-b-n-k-w ̀ -u-X-n-I, tZ-i-o-b, B-[-p-\-n-I-hÂ-I-r-X-a-m-b k-b-W-n-k-t¯-m-S- v X-oÀ-¯-p-w F-X-n-c-m-W-v. C-¯-c-sa-m-c-p D-b-nÀ-s¯-g-p-t¶Â-¸-v ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w te-m-I-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I {]-X-o-£-n-X a-n-i-n-l-m h-c-p-t¼-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-sW-¶-p-w A-X-n-\-p a-p-¼-v C-¯-c-sa-m-c-p k-b-W-n-k-w a-p-t¶-m-«-p-sh-¡-p-¶-X-v P-q-X-m-[-y-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS ]-¨-b-m-b e-w-L-\-a-m-sW-¶-p-a-m-W-v A-h-c-p-sS ]-£-w. B-Z-y-I-m-e P-q-X \-th-m-°-m-\-¯-n-sâ t\-X-r-X-z-w k-b-W-n-k-t¯-m-S-v B-Z-y-a-m-b-n {]-X-n-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v 1885Â ]-n-ä-v-k-v-_À-K-v ¹-m-ä-v-t^-m-a-nÂ h-¨-m-W-v. H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I {]-k-v-X-m-h-\ C-§-s\ h-m-b-n-¡-m-w: "k-z-´-a-m-b-n H-c-p c-m-{ã-w R-§Ä B-h-i-y-s¸-S-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶-v R-§Ä {]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-p-¶-p. ]-t£ H-c-p a-X-k-a-p-Z-m-b-sa-¶ \-n-e-¡-v P-o-h-n-¡-m³ R-§Ä B-{K-l-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-X-n-\-m-b-n ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-te-¡-v D-Å a-S-¡-ta-m A-sÃ-¦-nÂ C-u X-y-m-K-§-sf B-c-m-[-\-b-m-b-n I-ï-p sI-m-ï-p-Å P-o-h-n-X-ta-m A-X-p-a-sÃ-¦-nÂ \-n-b-a-§Ä ]-p-\-x-Ø-m-]-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I-tb-m sN-¿-p-sa-¶-v R-§Ä {]-X-o-£-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p.'

^-e-k-v-X-o-\-n-se C-u P-q-X-I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-w k-b-W-n-Ì-v ]-c-n-{i-a-§-f-nÂ ]-¦-p-tN-c-m-\-p-Å slÀ-k-e-n-sâ £-W-w A-hÀ \-n-c-k-n-¨-X-p-sa-Ã-m-w C-tX-m-S-v tNÀ-¯-p-h-m-b-n-t¡-ï-X-m-W-v. d-º-n2 tP-m-k-^-v l-¿-n-w tk-m-W³-s^Â-X-v 1898 Â ]-p-W-y ̀ -q-a-n-sb {]-X-n-b-p-Å k-w-{`-a-w {]-I-S-n-¸-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-v F-g-p-X-n-

teJ\wArticle


b-X-v C-§-s\-b-m-W-v: "te-m-I-w \-n-b-{´-n-¡-p-¶ A-X-p-e-y i-à-n-sb-b-p-w A-h-sâ h-n-i-p-² tX-m-d-sb-b-p-w \-n-tj-[-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-\-m-i-I-m-c-n-I-f-m-b H-c-p ]-ä-w a-\-p-j-yÀ C-{k-tbÂ P-\-X-sb ta-m-N-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w te-m-I-¯-nsâ tI-m-W-p-I-f-nÂ N-n-X-d-n-¡-n-S-¡-p-¶ P-q-X-sc H-c-p-a-n-¨-p I-q-«-m-\-p-a-p-Å sa-m-¯-¡-p-¯-I A-h-I-m-i-s¸-«-v ]-c-k-y-a-m-b-n c-w-K-¯-v h-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.' a-m-{X-a-Ã C-{X I-q-S-n ]-d-ª-X-m-W-v d-º-n tk-m-\³-s^Â-X-v \-nÀ-¯-p-¶-X-v "slÀ-kÂ ssZ-h-¯-nsâ B-f-Ã ]-n-i-m-N-n-sâ h-à-m-h-m-W-v. R-§Ä ]-d-b-p-¶-p: "C-{k-tbÂ {]-X-n-tc-m-[-¯-n-\-m-b-n h-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-m-f-p-w te-m-I-¯-v D-¶-X-\-m-b-X-v ]-c-n-i-p-²-m-ß-m-h-m-b ssZ-h-s¯ sI-m-ï-m-W-v-þ-A-h-sâ taÂ h-m-g-v -¯-p-IÄ D-ï-m-I-s«.F-¶-mÂ slÀ-kÂ C-u H-u-¶-n-X-y-t¯-m-S-v \-n-c-¡-m-¯ B-t£-]-§-f-p-w A-]-h-m-Z-§-f-p-a-m-W-v h-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.'

k-a-m-\ I-m-g-v -N-¸-m-S-v 1897Â A-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se a-p-J-y d-º-n ]-p-tc-m-l-n-X-c-nÂ H-c-m-f-m-b C-k-m-¡-v ta-bÀ ssh-k-p-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. "tZ-i-o-b-X-tb-m c-m-{ã-o-b-ta-m P-q-X a-X-¯-n-sâ e-£-y-a-sÃ-¶-p-w H-c-p P-q-X-c-m-{ã-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-m-\-p-Å a-p-g-p-h³ {i-a-§-tf-b-p-w R-§Ä \-n-c-m-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-p-w C-X-n-\-mÂ J-Þ-n-X-a-m-b-n ]-d-b-p-¶-p. P-q-X a-X-¯-n-sâ e-£-y-w a-m-\-h-I-p-e-¯-nÂ k-v-t\-l-w, \-o-X-n, k-a-m-[-m-\-w F-¶-n-h h-fÀ-¯-e-m-W-v. te-m-I-P-\-X-¡-v X-§-sf-Ã-m-w ssZ-h-c-m-P-y-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-m³ a-p³-ssI F-S-p-t¡-ï-h-c-m-sW-¶-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¶ a-n-i-n-l-m-¡-m-e-w ]-p-e-c-p-w h-sc A-X-§-s\-¯-s¶ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-w.'

teJ\wArticle


1930Â BÂ-_À-«-v sF³-Ì-o-\-p-w X-¯-p-e-y \-n-e-]-m-S-v D-d-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v: "X-mXvI-m-e-n-I-a-m-b A-X-n-c-p-I-f-p-w ssk-\-y-h-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w D-Å H-c-p P-q-X c-m-{ã-w F-¶ B-i-b-w P-q-X a-X-¯-n-se k-¯-m-]-c-a-m-b {]-I-r-X-w a-p-t¶-m-«-p-sh-¡-p-¶-p-sï-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-n-Ã. A-X-n-\-n F-{X H-X-p-¡-a-p-Å, h-n-\-b-a-p-Å c-m-{ã-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w i-c-n, H-c-p P-q-X c-m-{ã-¯-n-\-p th-ï-n t]-m-c-m-S-p-¶-X-n-t\-¡-m-f-p-]-c-n \-m-a-n-t¸-mÄ t]-m-c-m-tS-ï-X-v \-½-nÂ \-n-¶-p X-s¶ h-fÀ-¶-p-h-c-p-¶ k-¦-p-N-n-X tZ-i-o-b-t_-m-[-§-tf-m-S-m-W-v. A-Ã-m-¯ ]-£-w P-q-X a-X-¯-n-se B-´-c-n-I I-m-e-p-j-y-§Ä C-\-n-b-p-w hÀ-[-n-¡-p-sa-¶-v R-m³ `-b-¡-p-¶-p. \-m-a-n-¶-p-w a-¡-_-n-¡-m-e-s¯3 P-q-X-sc-m-¶-p-a-Ã. \-½-p-sS DXvI-r-ã-c-m-b {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS ]-m-X-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å h-y-X-n-N-e-\-a-m-b-n-«-m-h-p-w c-m-{ã-k-w-Ø-m-]-\-¯-n-\-p-Å \-½-p-sS a-p-d-h-n-f-n-I-sf te-m-I-w h-o-£-n-¡-p-I.'

X-o-b-p-w tN-m-c-sb-m-g-p-¡-e-p-sa-m-s¡ ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X P-q-X-a-X-s¯ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-S-t¯-m-f-w ssZ-h-\-n-µ-b-m-W-v. H-c-p tZ-i-o-b-X-b-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ ^-e-k-v-X-o-\-n-te-¡-v a-S-§-p-I F-¶ \-n-e-]-m-S-nÂ k-b-W-n-k-w 1930I-f-p-sS A-h-k-m-\-w h-sc-b-p-w \-y-q-\-]-£-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-n-¶-o-S-v \-h-te-m-I {I-a-§-f-m-W-v A-{I-a-tW-m-Õ-p-I k-b-W-n-k-s¯ h-fÀ-¯-n-b-X-v. A-tX k-b-W-n-k-a-m-W-v {I-ta-W C-{k-tbÂ c-m-{ã-¯-nsâ s\-S-p-w-X-q-W-m-b-n ]-c-n-W-a-n-¨-X-p-w. tI-h-e-w F-´-n-s\-sb-¦-n-e-p-w {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-m-t\-m ^-e-k-v-X-o-\-p ta-e-p-Å A-h-I-m-i-h-m-Z-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-m-t\-m a-m-{X-a-p-Å-X-Ã C-u l-n-w-k-{]-tb-m-K-w.

teJ\wArticle


A-X-n-\-¸-p-d-¯-v "\-h-tZ-i-o-b k-b-W-n-Ì-v P-q-X-s\' b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-a-m-¡-m-\-p-Å H-c-p Ú-m-\-i-m-k-v -{X A-S-n-¯-d Ø-m-]-n-¡Â I-q-S-n-b-m-W-X-v. c-m-{ã-k-w-Ø-m-]-\-a-m-I-s«, C-u Ú-m-\i-m-k-v-{X h-y-X-n-b-m-\-w D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w P-q-X-a-X-s¯ k-b-W-n-Ì-v \-n-e-]-m-S-n-te-¡-v a-m-ä-n-{]-X-n-j-vT-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. G-sd-¡-m-e-a-m-b-n P-q-X-s\ c-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ h³-]-c-m-P-b-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b ssZ-h-¯-n-\-p-w {K-Ù-¯-n-\-p-w ]-I-c-w ]-p-X-p-c-£-m-a-mÀ-K-§-f-m-W-v k-b-W-n-Ì-p-IÄ-¡-v A-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w A-X-n-{I-a-h-p-w F-¶-v N-p-c-p-¡-w $

{]-i-k-v-X U-n-sI-m-tf-m-W-n-bÂ C-kvem-a-n-I-v N-n-´-I-\-m-b tU-m.l-m-X-n-w _-m-k-n-b-m³ I-m-e-n-t^-mÀ-W-n-b-b-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ ssk-X-q-\ tI-m-tf-P-n-sâ k-l Ø-m-]-I³ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. (visit:www.hatimba-zian.com)

I-p-d-n-¸-p-IÄ1. Ú-m-\ c-o-X-n-IÄ-¡-v t\-sc \-S-¯-p-¶ {]-X-n-I-q-e {i-a-§-f-m-W-v Ú-m-\-l-X-y.\-y-q-tb-mÀ-I-v ssS-w-k-n-se tI-m-f-a-n-Ì-m-b sP.C te-m-d³-k-m-W-v C-u ]-Z-w B-Z-y-a-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-sX-¶-v I-c-p-X-s¸-S-p-¶-p.2. P-q-X-a-¯-n-se D-¶-X ]-p-tc-m-l-n-XÀ-¡-m-W-v d-º-n F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v.3. _-n-k-n 160I-f-nÂ \-n-e-\-n-¶-n-c-p-¶ {]-_-e-c-m-b P-q-X ]-c-a-m-[-n-I-m-c c-m-P-h-w-i-a-m-W-v (Maccabees)P-q-X-c-p-sS {]-`-m-h-I-m-e-w k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-m-W-v C-X-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-d-p-ÅX-v.

teJ\wArticle



G-I-]-X-v-\-o-{h-X-¯-n-sâ a-l-X-z-w I-g-n-ª e-¡-¯-nÂ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨-p. ]-t£ _-l-p-

`-m-c-y-X-z-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-I-p-w. ]-p-c-p-j-·-m-c-p-sS N-p-c-p-¡-w, k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS s]-c-p-¡-w X-p-S-§-n-b A-h-k-c-§-f-nÂ k-m-a-q-l-n-I L-S-\-b-p-sS `-m-K-a-m-b-n X-s¶ A-X-v A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-I-p-w. b-p-²-m-\-´-c-ta-m a-tä-m h-e-n-b ]-p-c-p-j-k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ A-`-m-h-w-a-q-e-w h-n-[-h-I-f-m-h-p-I-tb-m a-tä-m sN-¿-p-¶ ]-£-w _-l-p-`-m-c-y-X-z-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ss\-X-n-I-a-m-b-n-a-m-d-p-w. A-X-m-W-p-X-m-\-p-w C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I k-a-o-]-\-w. b-a-\-nÂ _-l-p-`-m-c-y-m-c-o-X-n A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-WtÃm.

H¶n-e-[nIw_lp`mcyXzw \ncp]m[nIw \ncpÕmlP\IaÃ.

kmlNcy§fpw aäpw _lp]Xv\o PohnXw A\n-hmcyam¡mdp@ v. AXn\v A{X Xs¶ KpW§fpap@ v.

C.hn A-_vZpd-lvam³[email protected]

ssPhIwLife in


H-c-n-W-b-p-w H-c-p X-p-W-b-p-w a-m-{X-a-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ X-sâ `À-¯-m-h-v X-¶-nÂ k-w-X-r-]-v -X-\-m-sW-¶-v `-m-c-y I-c-p-X-W-w. k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n-¡-½-n-b-m-W-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w a-sä-m-c-n-S-w tX-S-n-t¸-m-I-m³ Imc-W-amIp-¶-X-v. `-£-W-w t]-m-se {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v sse-w-K-n-I-X-b-p-w. Z-m-l-w X-oÀ-¶-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ {`-m-´-n-\-p-k-a-m-\-a-m-b a-t\-m-ssh-I-e-y-w ]-n-S-n-s]-S-p-w. A-X-v P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-sâ A-¨-S-¡-s¯ _-m-[-n-¡-p-w. I-p-S-p-w-_ ̀ -{Z-X-sb sX-ä-n-¡-p-w. {]-m-b-ta-d-p-w-tX-m-d-p-w ]-p-c-p-j-sâ k-w-kÀ-K-Z-m-l-w I-q-S-p-sa-¶-v ]T-\-§-f-p-ï-v. sa³-k-k-v \-n-e-¡-p-¶-tX-m-sS N-n-e k-v-{X-o-IÄ-s¡-¦-n-e-p-w sse-w-K-n-I h-n-I-m-c-w a-p-d-n-ª-p-t]-m-I-m-d-p-ï-v. C-X-v H-c-p {]-X-n-k-Ô-n L-«-a-m-W-v. sse-w-K-n-I X-r-]-v-X-n a-m-{X-a-Ã, a-ä-p a-\-s¸-m-c-p-¯-§-f-p-w K-u-c-h-X-c-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v.

X-n-c-p-\-_-n-sb(k-z) t\-m-¡-q. _-l-p-`-m-c-y-X-z-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w D-u-g-w sh-¨-p-\Â-I-n a-p-¯-v-\-_-n(k-z). ]-t£ {]-m-b-w sN-¶ N-n-e ̀ -m-c-y-a-mÀ X-§-f-p-sS D-u-g-w sN-d-p-{]-m-b-¡-m-c-n-b-m-b B-b-n-i _-o-h-n-¡-v \Â-I-n-b A-\-p-`-h-a-p-ï-tÃ-m. A-X-v A-h-c-p-sS l-r-Z-b-ss\À-a-e-y-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. N-p-c-p-¡-¯-nÂ, X-§-f-p-sS ]-c-n-a-n-X-n I-q-S-n ̀ -m-c-y A-d-n-b-W-w. B-h-i-y-sa-¶-v t_-m-[-y-a-m-sb-¦-nÂ X-sâ `À-¯-m-h-n-\-v a-sä-m-c-p C-W I-q-S-n D-ï-m-I-p-¶-X-nÂ `-m-c-y-a-mÀ h-n-e-§-v \-nÂ-¡-c-p-X-v. A-X-v I-q-S-p-XÂ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ [-m-c-m-f-w A-\-p-`-h-§-f-p-ï-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

\-o-X-n a-m-\-Z-Þ-a-m-¡-n- th-Ww c-ï-m-w _-Ô-w sI-«-n-¸-S-p-¡-m³. c-ï-p t]À-¡-p-w {]-W-b-h-p-w i-c-o-c-h-p-w ]-I-p-¯-p \Â-I-W-w. k-a-q-l \-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-c-n-

ssPhIwLife in


K-W-n-¡-p-I I-q-S-n th-W-w. G-I-Z-m-¼-X-y _-Ô-a-m-W-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w I-m-a-y-w. ]-t£ `À-X-r-t_-m-[-y-h-p-w ti-j-n-b-p-w X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³ C-W-¡-v I-g-n-b-W-w. Z-m-¼-X-y k-z-]-v-\-§Ä-¡-v h-n-e-§-p-X-S-n-b-m-h-c-p-X-v H-c-p C-W-b-p-w. A-k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n H-f-n-¸-n-¨-v I-p-td a-p-t¶-m-«-v K-a-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã. Z-¼-X-n-IÄ X-b-m-d-m-I-p-I F-¶-X-p-X-s¶-b-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-w. k-w-kÀ-K-¯-n-\-v {]-tX-y-I-w Z-n-h-k-h-p-w t\-c-h-p-w \-n-Ý-b-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v C-kve-m-w. sse-w-K-n-I th-g-v-N-b-p-sS {]-m-[-m-\-y-a-p-ï-v C-u \-n-Ý-b-¯-nÂ. C-¡-n-f-n-s¸-S-p-¶ I-m-g-v-N-I-f-nÂ A-`-n-c-a-n-¨-v h-y-à-n-X-z-þ I-p-S-p-w-_ ̀ -{Z-X \-ã-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v C-kve-m-w \-n-i-n-X-a-m-b-n h-n-k-½-X-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-X-p-I-q-S-n ]-c-n-l-c-n-¨-v Z-m-¼-X-y A-h-I-m-i-§Ä, A-`-n-e-m-j-§Ä ]-c-k-v-]-c-w X-oÀ-¡-p-I-tb-m X-oÀ-¡-m³ A-h-k-c-w \Â-I-p-I-tb-m th-W-w. A-X-m-W-v Z-m-¼-X-y h-n-P-b-w.

A-Ã-m-l-p A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-X-m-W-v _-l-p-`-m-c-y-m-]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w. A-X-n-\-p ]-t£ \-n-_-Ô-\-I-f-p-ï-v. A-§-s\-b-m-tWÂ A-X-nÂ A\À-Y-§-f-p-ï-m-I-n-Ã. H-c-p-]-m-S-v AÀ-Y-§-f-p-ï-m-I-p-w-X-m-\-p-w. F-Ã-m-b-n-t¸-m-g-p-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w I-b-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ C-S-a-Ã _-l-p-`-m-c-y-X-z-w F-¶-X-p I-q-S-n {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v. h-f-sc D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-X-z-t¯-m-sS \-nÀ-h-l-n-t¡-ï-X-m-W-X-v. A-Ã-m-l-p A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ _-l-p-`-m-c-y-X-z-s¯ \-n-c-p-]-m-[-n-I-w h-n-aÀ-i-n-¡-c-p-X-v. \-½-p-sS C-ã-m-\-n-ã-§-f-m-I-c-p-X-v h-n-aÀ-i-\ a-m-\-Z-Þ-w. A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w kÀ-h-m-ß-\-m A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p I-g-n-b-p-¶-h-c-m-W-tÃ-m \-m-w $

ssPhIwLife in



l-n-P-v-d H-¼-X-m-w i-X-I-¯-n-sâ B-c-w-`-¯-n-e-m-W-v a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-w-_-w b-a-\-n-se l-fÀ-

a-u-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ h-¶-v X-m-a-k-a-m-¡-n-b-X-v. ssi-J-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ C-_-v-d-m-l-o-w _-v-\-p A-lva-Z-v B-W-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ h-¶ B-Z-y-s¯ a-J-v-Z-q-w. A-d-_-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n ]-qÀ-h _-Ô-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ s]-m-¶-m-\-n a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ a-X-]-c-h-p-w ssh-Ú-m-\-n-I-h-p-a-m-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf

I-e-m-] I-m-e-§-f-n-seX-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ B-l-z-m-\-w

]Xn\©mw \qäm@ nÂ FgpXs¸«ssk\p±o³ aJvZqw c@ masâ Xlvcofv

F¶ kacIrXnbpsS A¡mZanI hmb\.

P-p-ssd-k-v ]-q-X-\[email protected]

teJ\wArticle


X-p-SÀ-¶-m-W-v tI-c-f a-p-kve-n-w-I-f-p-sS a-¡ F-¶ A-]-c-\-m-a-w k-n-²-n-¡-m³ AÀ-l-a-m-b-X-v. A-d-_-n `-m-j-m c-w-K-¯-p-w A-d-_-n-þ-a-e-b-m-f c-w-K-¯-p-w ssh-Ú-m-\-n-I h-n-¹-h-w k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-_-¯-n-\-v H-g-n-¨-p-I-q-S-m³ ]-ä-m-¯ ]-¦-p-ï-v. C-X-n-se B-Z-y-s¯ I-®-n a-J-v-Z-q-w H-¶-m-a³ F-¶ t]-c-n-e-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v.

ssi-J-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ _-v-\-p A-e-nssk-\-p-±-o³ I-p-S-p-w-_-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p 1516 \-q-ä-m-ï-p-

I-m-e-b-f-h-n-se k-m-l-n-X-y/N-c-n-{X c-N-\-I-f-p-sS \-y-q-¢-n-b-k-m-b-n A-d-n-b-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶-X-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se C-¶-s¯ sI-m-¨-n F-¶-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶ X-o-c-tZ-i {]-tZ-i-¯-v l-n-P-v-d 871/872, {I-n-k-v-X-m-Ð-w 1466/1467 e-m-W-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ H-¶-m-a³ F-¶-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶ ssi-J-v ssk-\-p--±-o³ _-v-\-p A-e-n P-\-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. ssk-\-p-±-o³ H-¶-m-a-sâ sN-d-p-¸-I-m-e-¯-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ A-½-m-h³ J-m-f-n ssk-\-p-±-o³ C-_-v-\-p A-l-v-a-Z-n-sâ t\-X-r-Xz-¯-n-e-m-W-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-te-¡-v A-h-c-p-sS X-m-a-k-w a-m-ä-n-b-X-v. {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-§Ä (\-l-v-h-v, ̂ -n-J-v-l-v) s]-m-¶-m-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-s¶ t\-S-n-sb-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-v ]T-\-¯-n-\-m-b-n N-m-e-n-b-w, tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v X-p-S-§-n-b Ø-e-§-f-n-se ZÀ-k-n-se ]-¦-m-f-n-b-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. X-l-v-c-o-f-v A-l-v-e-nÂ C-u-a-m³ A-e-m P-n-l-m-Z-n A-Ð-X-n Ê-pÂ-_-m³ (Motivating believers for struggle against cross worshippers) F-¶ {K-Ù-¯-n-\-v ]-p-d-ta X-k-Æ-p-^-nÂ 188þ H-m-f-w h-c-n-I-f-nÂ c-N-b-n-X-a-m-b A-Z-v-I-n-b C-e-m X-m-c-o-J-m-¯-nÂ H-u-e-n-b F-¶-X-n-sâ-b-p-w

teJ\wArticle


c-N-b-n-X-m-h-m-W-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ H-¶-m-a³. {]-k-v-X-p-X {K-Ù-w ]-Å-n A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I-f-nÂ (Mosque academies) ]T-\ h-n-j-b-¯-n-\-v ]-p-d-sa N-n-e A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I sk-a-n-\-mÀ tI-m-¬^d³-k-nÂ {]-[-m-\ h-n-j-b-a-m-b-n h-sc h-¶-n-«-p-ï-v.

I-n-X-m-_-p X-l-v-c-o-f-v15þ-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-e-m-W-v X-l-v -c-o-f-n-sâ c-N-\

\-S-¡-p-¶-X-v. ssi-J-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ H-¶-m-a³ F-¶-d-n-b-s]-S-p-¶ ssk-\-p-±-o-\-p _-v-\-p A-e-n-b-m-W-v C-X-n-sâ c-N-b-n-X-m-h-v F-¶-v ]-d-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p. I-n-X-m-_-n-sâ c-ï-n-S-¯-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-v F-¶ ]-Z-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-X-v. B-b-X-n-\-mÂ 15,16 \-q-ä-m-ï-p-I-f-nÂ t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v D-ï-m-b A-X-n-{I-q-c A-{I-a-§-f-p-w ]-o-U-\-§-f-p-a-m-W-v C-X-n-se {]-[-m-\ h-n-j-b-w.

sk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ X-p-l-v-^-¯-pÂ a-p-P-m-l-n-Z-o-\-nÂ t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-c-p-a-m-b-p-Å b-p-² ]-Ý-m-¯-e-h-p-w A-X-n-sâ k-m-a-q-l-n-I k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I (Socio Cultural) h-i-§-f-p-w ]-c-n-W-X-^-e-§-f-p-w h-n-i-Z-a-m-b-n {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¨-X-v t]-m-se X-l-v-c-o-f-nÂ C-Ã-m-¯-X-m-W-v tI-c-f ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-n-se B-Z-y-s¯ N-c-n-{X {K-Ù-a-m-b-n X-l-v-c-o-f-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-m-X-n-c-p-¶X-v.

C-w-¥-o-j-v ]-c-n-`-m-ja-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-b-n-se sh-f-n-b-t¦-m-S-v k-z-tZ-i-n

s{]-m-^-kÀ sI F-w a-p-l-½-Z-m-W-v X-l-c-o-f-n-s\ C-w-¥-o-j-n-te-¡-v ]-c-n-`-m-j-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-v. B-Z-y-a-m-

teJ\wArticle


b-n X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ A-d-_-n I-h-n-X-IÄ k-n. l-w-k k-a-m-l-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w AÂ l-p-Z {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-n-¶-o-S-v ̂ -m-d-q-J-v tI-m-tf-P-n-se A-d-_-n-I-v U-n-¸-mÀ-S-v-aâ-v C-X-n-s\ C-w-¥-o-j-n-te-¡-v ]-c-n-`-m-j-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. ]-t£ A-X-nÂ X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ 135 h-c-n-IÄ a-m-{X-ta D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-Å-q. ti-j-w s{]-^-kÀ sI F-w a-p-l-½-Z-v s{]-^-kÀ h-n a-p-l-½-Z-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ h-n-i-z-m-k tb-m-K-y-a-m-b 173 h-c-n-IÄ I-sï-¯-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-s\ C-w-¥-o-j-n-te-¡-v ]-c-n-`-m-j-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-Xp.

1833Â F-w sP td-m-f³-U-v-k¬ (M.J. Rouland-son) X-p-l-v-^-¯-pÂ a-p-P-m-l-n-Z-o-s\ C-w-¥-o-j-n-te-¡-p-w 1898 Â U-m-h-n-U-v te-m-]-v -k-v (David Lopes) t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-n-te-¡-p-w C-{X t\-c-s¯ ]-c-n-`-m-j-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-p-w X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ C-w-¥-o-j-v ]-c-n-`-m-j C-{X ssh-I-n-b-X-p-a-m-W-v X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ {]-i-k-v-X-n-¡-v I-p-d-h-v k-w-`-h-n-¡-m³ I-m-c-W-a-m-b-X-v.

k-m-[-m-c-W ]-c-¼-c-y c-o-X-n-b-nÂ A-d-_-n I-m-h-y c-N-\-I-f-p-sS c-o-X-n-i-m-k-v-{X-a-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v c-N-\ A-h-

teJ\wArticle


k-m-\-n-t¡-ï-X-v A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ-b-p-w A-h-sâ d-k-q-e-n-sâ-b-p-w(k-z) A-h-c-p-sS I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ta-e-nÂ k-z-e-¯-p-w k-e-m-a-p-w (K-p-W-w þ c-£) D-ï-m-h-s« F-¶-v ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v. ]-t£ AÂ l-p-Z {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¨ A-d-_-n sS-I-v-Ì-v H-ä-b-S-n-¡-v 135-m-w h-c-n-b-nÂ A-h-k-m-\-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. h-n a-p-l-½-Z-v k-m-l-n-_-n-sâ ]-¡-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ C-u 173 h-c-n-I-f-p-Å I-m-h-y-w B H-c-p c-o-X-n-b-nÂ B-b-X-n-\-mÂ C-X-m-W-v X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ ]-qÀ-W c-q-]-w F-¶-v A-\-p-a-m-\-n-¡-m-w.

t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-v I-m-e-b-f-h-n-se N-c-n-{X-s¯ e-n-J-n-X c-q-]-¯-n-e-m-¡-p¶-X-n-\-p-Å ]-c-n-{i-a-¯-nÂ C³-U-o-P-o-\-n-b-k-v tk-m-b-v-k-v (k-z-tZ-i A-h-e-w-_-w) D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ B-Z-y N-c-n-{X-¡-m-c-\-m-W-v sI F-w ]-W-n-¡À. 1920sâ X-p-S-¡-I-m-e-¯-v sI-m-¨-n³ ̀ -c-m-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-sS ]-¡-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ tI-c-f N-c-n-{X ssI-sb-g-p-¯-v {]-X-n-IÄ t\-c-n-«-v t]-m-b-n h-m-§-n sd-^À sN-b-v-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p X-sâ N-c-n-{X {K-Ù-§Ä F-g-p-X-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. h-f-sc h-n-j-a-I-c-w F-¶-v ]-d-b-s«, tI-c-f-¯-n-se a-p-k-v-e-n-w N-c-n-{X-w I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-p-w ]-m-Ý-m-X-y³ \-c-h-w-i-þN-c-n-{X K-th-j-I-c-m-W-v c-N-n-¨-X-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-s¶ b-q-td-m sk³-{S-n-¡-v (Euro Centric) F-g-p-¯-p-I-f-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w tI-c-f-a-p-k-v-e-n-w N-c-n-{X-§Ä h-m-b-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ I-m-W-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I.

B-[-p-\-n-I I-m-e-¯-n-sâ X-p-S-¡-¯-n-e-p-Å tI-c-f a-p-k-v-e-n-w N-c-n-{X-s¯ ]T-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-p-w A-d-_-n, A-d-_-n-þ a-e-b-m-f-w sS-I-v-Ì-p-I-f-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-t¡-ï-n-h-c-n-I. A-d-_-n ̀ -m-j ]-m-Ý-m-X-y-sc k-w-_-Ô-n-s¨-S-p-t¯-m-f-w h-e-n-b H-c-p

teJ\wArticle


sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n B-b-X-n-\-mÂ X-s¶ A-d-_-n ̀ -m-j-b-n-e-p-Å ssI-sb-g-p-¯-v {]-X-n-IÄ (Manuscritp) d-^À sN-¿-m-sX-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w ]-e ]-m-Ý-m-X-y³ F-g-p-¯-p-I-f-p-w.

tI-c-f a-p-k-v-e-n-w ]T-\-§-f-nÂ A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I þ K-th-j-W c-w-K-¯-v G-sd A-w-K-o-I-m-c-w e-`-n-¨ c-ï-v ]-p-k-v-X-I-§-f-m-W-v X-p-l-v-^-¯-pÂ a-p-P-m-l-n-Z-o-\-p-w ̂ -X-v-l-pÂ a-p-_-o-\-p-w. A-tX k-a-b-w X-l-c-o-f-n-s\ t]-m-se A-d-n-b-s¸-S-m-X-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w ]-»-n-j-v sN-¿-m-X-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w {S-m³-k-vte-ä-v sN-¿-s¸-S-m-X-n-c-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b H-c-p-]-m-S-v I-r-X-n-IÄ tI-c-f ]-m-Ý-m-X-e-¯-nÂ C-¶-p-w \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-v. A-X-nÂ s]-«-X-m-W-v I-m-e-n-¡-ä-v b-q-W-n-th-b-v-k-n-ä-n-b-n-se A-d-_-n-I-v U-n-¸-mÀ-S-v-saâ-v I-sï-¯-n-b J-m-f-n a-p-l-½-Z-n-tâ-sX-¶-v ]-d-b-s¸-S-p-¶ J-k-o-Z-¯-pÂ P-n-l-m-Z-n-¿-b-p-w J-p-X-p-_-X-p P-n-l-m-Z-n-¿-b-p-w.

X-l-v-c-o-f-v A-l-v-e-nÂ C-u-a-m³se-b-v-U³ b-q-W-n-th-b-v-k-n-ä-n K-th-j-IÀ a-l-v-a-q-

Z-v I-q-c-n-b, X-l-c-o-f-v A-l-v-e-nÂ C-u-a-m³ A-e-m P-n-l-m-Z-n A-Ð-¯-n k-z-pÂ-_-m-\-n-\-v A-ZÀ _-p-I-v-k-v A-ZÀ thÀ-U-nÂ ]-d-ª-X-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-m-d-n "Inciting the flowers of faith into the holy war against the wor-shippers of the crosses' F-¶-m-W-v ]-c-n-`-m-j-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v.

]-p-\À {I-a-o-I-c-n-¨ C-u ]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-nÂ 15 sk-j-\-p-I-f-m-b-n-«-m-W-v X-l-vc-o-f-n-s\ ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. N-n-e sk-j-\-p-I-f-nÂ sh-d-p-w a-q-¶-v h-c-n-I-f-p-w A-tX k-a-b-w N-n-e-X-nÂ a-p-¸-¯-n-c-ï-v h-c-n-IÄ h-sc \-o-ï-v t]-m-I-p-¶-p-ï-v. A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-s\ k-v-

teJ\wArticle


X-p-X-n-I-fÀ-¸-n-¨-p-w d-k-q-e-n-sâ(kz) taÂ k-z-e-m-¯-p-w k-e-m-a-p-w D-ï-m-I-s« F-¶-v {]-mÀ-Y-n-¨-p-a-m-W-v X-l-c-o-f-v B-c-m-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. X-p-SÀ-¶-v B I-m-e-¯-v t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-v-I-m-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-p-k-v-e-n-w-IÄ-¡-v A-\-p-`-h-s¸-« ]-e b-m-X-\-I-f-p-w th-Z-\-I-f-p-a-m-W-v h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-nÂ \-n-s¶-Ã-m-w ta-m-N-\-w \Â-I-n A-{I-a-n-I-sf i-n-£-n-¡-W-w F-¶ {]-mÀ-Y-\-tb-m-sS-b-m-W-v C-u L-«-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

P-n -l-m-Z -n -\- v t{]-c-W \Â-I-n -s¡-m-ï-m-W- v c-ï-m-w L-«-w B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p IÀ-a-i-m-k-v-{X {K-Ù-w F-¶ t]-m-se H-c-p b-P-a-m-\-sâ I-o-g-n-e-p-Å A-S-n-a-b-m-W-v \-n-§-sf-¦-n-e-p-w a-p-k-v-e-n-w-I-sf t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v c-£-n-¡-m³ \-n-§Ä P-n-l-m-Z-v sN-¿-q F-¶-v B-l-z-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-v. \-n-§-f-p-sS/\-½-p-sS H-m-tc-m-c-p-¯-c-p-sS-b-p-w D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-X-z-a-m-W-v P-n-l-m-Z-v F-¶-v ]-d-ª-v-sI-m-ï-v B-tc-m-K-y-a-p-Å a-p-k-v-e-n-w-I-sf B-th-i-¯-n-e-m-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v 26þ36 h-c-n-I-f-nÂ. t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-tc-m-S-p-Å P-n-l-m-Z-v h-y-à-n-I-X _-m-[-y-X (^À-f-v sF³) B-b-n-«-m-W-v ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v.

ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v -Z-q -w \-S-¯-p-¶ C-u c-N-\ A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v B-sc-b-m-W-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w a-c-¡-mÀ I-p-S-p-w-_-¡-m-tc-m-tS-m a-p-k-v-e-n-w-I-sf k-v-t\-l-n-¡-p-¶ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-a-m-tc-m-tS-m B-sW-¶-v A-\-p-a-m-\-n-¡-m-w. C-X-nÂ c-ï-m-a-t¯-X-n-\-m-W-v I-q-S-p-XÂ k-m-[-y-X. a-q-¶-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ C-¶-v \-s½ k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-hÀ-¡-v X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w ]-c-te-m-I-¯-v sh-¨-v ssZ-h-w k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-w F-¶ D-d-¸-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-v.

teJ\wArticle


te-m-I-h-p-w A-X-n-se k-p-µ-c h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-w \-n-§Ä t\-S-n-sb-S-p-¯-m-e-p-w A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ a-mÀ-K-¯-nÂ P-n-l-m-Z-v sN-¿-p-¶-h-\-n-¡-p-Å {]-X-n-^-e-¯-n-\-p a-p-¶-nÂ A-sX-Ã-m-w I-S-e-n-se H-c-p X-p-Å-n sh-Å-w t]-m-se-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w F-¶-m-W-v \-m-e-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-q-¶-v h-c-n-IÄ a-m-{X-a-p-Å A-©-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ G-g-v e-£-w {]-X-n-^-e-w h-sc I-n-«-p-¶ I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v NÀ-¨ sN-¿-p-¶-X-v.

B-d-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ P-n-l-m-Z-n-s\ \-n-tj-[-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-p-w X-m-X-v-]-c-y-a-n-Ã-m-sX P-n-l-m-Z-v sN-¿-p-¶-hÀ-¡-p-a-p-Å h-n-e-¡-n-s\-b-m-W-v A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-c-p-]-¯-n B-td-m-f-w h-c-n-I-f-n-e-m-b-n-«-m-W-v G-g-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ b-p-²-¯-nÂ sI-m-Ã-s]-«-hÀ-¡-p-Å (i-l-o-Z-v) {]-X-n-^-e-s¯ a-J-v-Z-q-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-hÀ k-zÀ-K-¯-n-se h-m-\-¼-m-S-n ]-£-n-I-f-m-sW¶-p-w sN-d-p-X-p-w h-e-p-X-p-a-m-b h-r-£-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v ̂ -e-w ̀ -£-n-¨-v k-t´-m-j-w I-sï-¯-p-h-c-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w ]-d-b-p-¶-p. C-\-n A-Y-h-m C-u te-m-I-t¯-¡-v A-hÀ X-n-c-n-¨-v h-c-n-I-b-m-sW-¦-nÂ h-o-ï-p-w i-l-o-Z-m-b-n a-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-Å A-h-c-p-sS D-Õ-m-l-s¯-¸-ä-n-b-p-w C-X-nÂ k-h-n-k-v-X-c-w h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-X-n-se ]-e h-c-n-I-f-p-w i-l-o-Z-m-b-h-sc k-_-v-P-I-v-ä-v B-¡-n-s¡-m-ï-m-W-v A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨-X-v. A-h-tc-m-S-v (i-l-o-Z-v) tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-a-s{X C-\-n \-n-§Ä-¡-v F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w B-{K-l-w D-tï-m F-¶-v. a-d-p-]-S-n-b-m-b-n A-hÀ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v R-§-f-p-sS B-{K-l-§Ä kÀ-h-X-p-w ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-b-n-tÃ C-\-n R-§Ä-¡-v B-{K-l-n-¡-m³ h-Ã-X-p-a-p-tï-m F-¶-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. tN-m-Z-y-w h-o-ï-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-¡-s¸-S-p-t¼-mÄ a-d-p-

teJ\wArticle


]-S-n-b-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-¡-s¸-S-p-w. A-h-k-m-\-w, tN-m-Z-y-¯-n-\-v A-´-y-a-n-Ã-m-sb-¶-v I-m-W-p-t¼-mÄ R-§-f-p-sS B-ß-m-h-v i-c-o-c-¯-n-te-¡-v X-n-c-n-¨-v \Â-I-m-\-p-w h-o-ï-p-w i-l-o-Z-m-b-n a-c-n-¡-m-\-p-a-m-W-v R-§-f-p-sS B-{K-l-w F-¶-v A-hÀ h-n-f-n-¨-v ]-d-b-p-w.

i-{X-p-¡-tf-m-S-v b-m-sX-m-c-p \-n-e-¡-p-w \-n-§Ä k-l-I-c-n-¡-c-p-sX-¶-p-w P-n-l-m-Z-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w a-m-d-n-\-nÂ-¡-c-p-sX-¶-p-a-m-W-v F-«-p-w H-¼-X-p-w L-«-§-f-nÂ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. J-pÀ-B-\-n-se-m-s¡-b-p-Å t]-m-se a-p³-K-m-a-n-I-f-p-sS I-Y ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v ]-n³-K-m-a-n-IÄ-¡-v {]-tN-m-Z-\-ta-I-p-w F-¶-X-v t]-m-se a-q-k-m \-_-n(A) X-sâ i-{X-p-¡-sf I-o-g-S-¡-n-b I-Y-b-m-W-v ]-¯-m-w sk-£-\-nÂ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

\-c-I-h-p-w A-X-n-sâ ̀ -b-m-\-I-X-b-p-a-m-W-v ]-X-n-s\-m-¶-m-w sk-£-\-nÂ h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. \-c-I-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w sN-d-n-b i-n-£ a-p-XÂ h-e-n-b i-n-£ h-sc C-X-nÂ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w P-n-l-m-Z-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-S-p-¯-n A-X-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w c-£-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å a-mÀ-K-h-p-w a-J-v-Z-q-w ]-d-ª-v X-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. J-pÀ-B-\-n-I c-o-X-ni-m-k-v -{X-a-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v \-c-I-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-n-S-s¯-Ã-m-w k-zÀ-K-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v t]-m-se-b-p-Å H-c-p c-o-X-ni-m-k-v-{X-a-m-W-v \-c-I-s¯ {]-Z-n-]-m-X-n-¨-X-n-\-p ti-j-w k-zÀ-K-s¯-b-p-w A-X-n-se k-p-J-m-U-w-_-c-§-sf-b-p-w Z-oÀ-L-a-m-b-n A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS a-J-v-Z-q-w ]-{´-ï-m-w L-«-¯-nÂ I-m-W-n-¨-p X-c-p-¶-X-v. F-g-p-]-¯-n-c-ï-v l-q-d-n-IÄ-¡-v(k-zÀ-K-¯-n-se C-W) ]-p-d-ta H-m-tc-m-c-p-¯À-¡-p-w tk-h-I-c-p-ï-m-I-p-w

teJ\wArticle


F-¶-p-w C-X-nÂ h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-¯-c-¯-nÂ k-zÀ-K-s¯ hÀ-W-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-n-¶-n-e-p-Å e-£-y-§-f-nÂs]-« H-¶-v P-n-l-m-Z-n-s\ s{]-m-ta-m-«-v sN-¿-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v. A-h-k-m-\ sk-£-\-nÂ C-k-v-d-m-b-oÂ P-\-X-b-p-sS ssZ-h-t¯-m-S-p-Å A-{I-a-h-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-p-ï-m-b A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ i-n-£-b-p-a-m-W-v.

B I-m-e-¯-p-Å-h-scb-p-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v h-¶ D-e-a-m-¡-sf-b-p-w a-ä-p-Å-h-tc-b-p-w X-l-v-c-o-f-v h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w k-z-m-[-o-\-w sN-e-p-¯-n-b-«-p-ï-v F-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-w. ssk-\-p-±-o³ c-ï-m-a-sâ X-p-l-v-^-¯-pÂ a-p-P-m-l-n-Z-n-sâ-b-p-w J-m-f-n a-p-l-½-Z-n-sâ ̂ -X-v-l-pÂ a-p-_o\-n-sâ-b-p-w ssk-^-pÂ _-¯-m-d-n-sâ-b-p-w k-¿-n-Z-v ̂ -f-v-Â X-§-f-p-sS D-±-¯-pÂ D-a-d-m-C-sâ-b-p-w B-a-n-\-p-½-mâ-I-¯-v ]-c-o-¡-p-«-n a-p-kve-n-b-m-c-p-sS D-½-l-m-¯-pÂ a-p-A-v-a-n-\-o-sâ-b-p-w D-Å-S-¡-w ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-mÂ X-l-v-c-o-f-n-t\-m-S-v k-m-a-y-a-p-Å-X-n-\-mÂ X-s¶ X-l-v-c-o-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v {]-tN-m-Z-\-w I-n-«-n-b-m-W-v C-¯-c-w c-N-\-IÄ ]-p-d-¯-v h-¶-X-v F-¶-v \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-m-w.

A-ZÀ _-p-I-v-k-v {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¨ X-l-v-c-o-f-n-sâ C-u {S-m³-kvte-j³-þ-]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-n-\-v B-a-p-J-w F-g-p-X-n-b-X-v "Cities And Intruders The Indian Ocean' (2003), "The Swalihi Coast India and Portugal in The Early Modern Era' (1998), "Pious Passenger: The Hajj In Earlier Times' (1994)' F-¶-o I-r-X-n-I-f-p-sS c-N-b-n-X-m-h-p-w H-m-k-v-t{S-e-n-b-b-n-se s{]-^-k-d-p-a-m-b ssa-¡-nÄ F³ ]-n-tbÀ-k-\-m-W-v (Micheal N Pearson) $

teJ\wArticle



B-[-y-m-ß-n-I-X-b-nÂ h-e-n-sb-m-c-p P-\-k-©-b-¯-n-sâ l-r-Z-b-¯-p-S-n-¸-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b

\-m-e-v B-ß-o-b-K-p-c-p-¡-f-p-ï-v. ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ J-m-Z-nÀ P-o-e-m-\-n(d), ssi-J-v A-lv-a-Z-pÂ I-_-oÀ c-n-^-m-C-u(d), ssi-J-v C-_-v-d-m-l-o-w Z-k-q-J-n(d), ssi-J-v A-Ò-Z-pÂ _-Z-h-n(d). ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ J-m-Z-nÀ P-o-

BßÚm\nIfpsS A`n\nthiamWv ssiJvcn^mC. henb Úm\n IqSnbmb ssiJv, a-\pjyþCXc PohnItfmSv AXpeyamb ASp¸w ]peÀ¯n.

A-Ðp d-lq-^v C-cp-¼p-gn [email protected]

Pam-ZpÂ Du-e-bpsS\n-d-hk´w

teJ\wArticle


e-m-\-n-b-p-sS k-a-I-m-e-n-I-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u(d). l-n-P-v-d 512 a-p-l-d-w a-m-k-w C-d-m-J-n-se _-X-z-m-C-l-v F-¶ {]-tZ-i-¯-m-W-v ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u(d) P-\-n-¨-X-v. A-_-pÂ A-º-m-k-v A-lva-Z-p-_-v-\-p A-e-n-¿-p-_-v-\-p A-lva-Z-v F-¶-m-W-v ]-qÀ-W-\-m-a-w. h-n-{i-p-X ]-Þ-n-X-\-p-w J-m-c-n-D-a-m-b A-_-pÂ l-k\m-W-v(d) ]-n-X-m-h-v. a-m-X-m-h-v D-½-pÂ ̂ -f-v-Â ̂ -m-X-z-n-a A³-k-m-c-n. ]-n-X-m-h-v h-g-n l-p-ssk\nte-¡-p-w(d) a-m-X-m-h-v h-g-n l-k\nte-¡-p-w(d) F-¯-p-¶ A-\-p-K-r-l-o-X ]-c-¼-c-b-nÂ \-_-n-X-§-f-p-sS C-c-p-]-X-m-a-s¯ ]-p-{X-\-m-b-n-«-m-W-v P-\-\-w.

A-d-n-h-t\-z-j-W-wsN-d-p-{]-m-b-¯-n-se D-¸-b-p-sS thÀ-]-m-S-n-\-p ti-

j-w A-½-m-h-\-m-b ssi-J-v a³-k-qÀ F-¶ k-q-^-n-h-c-y-sâ i-n-£-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d)h-fÀ-¶-X-v. \-_-n(k-z) k-z-]-v-\-¯-n-e-q-sS \-nÀ-tZ-i-n-¨-X-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v _-k-z-d-b-n-se h-n-{i-p-X J-m-c-n-D-w Ú-m-\-n-b-p-a-m-b ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ ̂ -f-v-Â A-e-n-¿-pÂ J-m-c-n AÂ h-m-k-z-n-X-nb-p-sS(d) ZÀ-k-nÂ tNÀ-¯-p. G-g-m-w h-b-k-nÂ J-pÀ-B³ a-\-x-]-mT-a-m-¡-n. ]-m-c-m-b-W i-m-k-v-{X-w, X-X-z-i-m-k-v-{X-w, IÀ-a-i-m-k-v-{X-w X-p-S-§-n-b a-n-¡ h-n-Ú-m-\ i-m-J-I-f-n-e-p-w A-h-K-m-l-w t\-S-n. {]-`-m-j-W-c-w-K-¯-p-w {K-Ù-c-N-\-m ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w ti-m-`-n-¨ ssi-J-v X-^-v-k-oÀ, l-Z-o-k-v, IÀ-a-i-m-k-v-{X-w, XÀ-¡ i-m-k-v-{X-w, k-m-l-n-X-y-w X-p-S-§-n-b h-n-Ú-m-\ ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ [-m-c-m-f-w {K-Ù-§Ä c-N-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. ssi-J-v ^-J-o-d-p-Ã-m-l-v c-n-^-m-C-u(d) ]-d-b-p-¶-X-n-§-s\: a-l-m³ 662H-m-f-w {K-Ù-§Ä c-N-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. AÂ

teJ\wArticle


_-l-v-P, A-¯-z-c-o-J-p C-e-Ã-m-l-v, X-^-v-k-o-d-p k-q-d-X-pÂ J-Z-vÀ, AÂ-l-n-I-v-a-X-p c-n-^-m-C-¿ X-p-S-§-n-b-h. IÀ-a-i-m-k-v -{X-¯-nÂ i-m-^-n-C-u a-Z-v -l-_-p-I-m-c-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p c-n-^-m-C-u (d). a-Z-v-l-_-n-se {]-k-n-² {K-Ù-a-m-b C-a-m-w j-n-d-m-k-n-b-p-sS X³-_-o-l-v a-\-x-]-mT-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-\-v h-y-m-J-y-m-\-w F-g-p-X-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v. C-c-p-]-X-m-w h-b-k-nÂ X-s¶ a-p-g-p-h³ h-n-Ú-m-\-i-m-J-I-f-n-e-p-a-p-Å C-P-m-k-¯-v K-p-c-p-\-m-Y-\-m-b A-e-n-¿-pÂ h-m-k-z-n-X-z-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v e-`-n-N-p. A-[-y-m-ß Ú-m-\-¯-n-e-p-w s]-m-X-p-h-n-Ú-m-\-¯-n-e-p-w A-t{K-k-c-\-m-b-X-p sI-m-ï-v A-_-pÂ CÂ-ssa³ (c-ï-v Ú-m-\-¯-n-sâ D-S-a) F-¶ h-n-ti-j-t¸-c-v K-p-c-p-a-p-J-¯-p \-n-¶-p e-`-n-¨-p.

B-ß-o-b K-p-c-p-¡Äa-l-X-v h-y-à-n-I-tf-m-S-p-Å k-l-h-m-k-s¯ C-ã-

s¸-«-n-c-p-¶ ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u-b-p-sS B-ß-o-b K-p-c-p-¡Ä ssi-J-v a³-k-q-d-p-j-m-l-n-Z-p-w -ssi-J-v A-e-n-¿-pÂ h-m-k-n-X-z-n-b-p-a-m-W-v. c-ï-p t]-c-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w Ø-m-\ h-k-v-{X-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ a-m-e-n-I-v JÀ-\-q-_-n F-¶ K-p-c-p-h-n-s\ hÀ-j-¯-n-se-m-c-n-¡Â k-µÀ-i-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w Z-p-B sN-¿-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w D-]-tZ-i-w tX-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p.

P-o-h-n-X-w, h-y-à-n-X-z-wA-[-y-m-ß-n-I te-m-I-s¯ N-{I-hÀ-¯-n-b-m-b

ssi-J-v A-lva-Z-pÂ I-_-oÀ c-n-^-m-C-u(d) X-oÀ-¯ k-z-m-´-z-\ a-m-X-r-I-IÄ \-n-k-v-X-p-e-a-m-W-v. "I-c-p-W sN-¿-m-¯-h-\-v I-c-p-W sN-¿-s¸-S-p-I-b-n-Ã' F-¶

teJ\wArticle


\-_-n-h-N-\-w ]-IÀ-¯-n-b-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-h-n-S-p-s¯ P-o-h-n-X-w. ]-m-h-§-sf-b-p-w tc-m-K-n-I-sf-b-p-w k-v-t\-l-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w, a-n-ï-m-{]-m-W-n-I-tf-m-S-p-w k-q-£-v-a-P-o-h-n-I-tf-m-S-p-w I-m-c-p-W-y-t¯-m-sS C-S-s]-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. a-m-d-m-h-y-m-[-n ]-n-S-n-s]-« \-m-b-sb ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u(d) i-p-{i-q-j-n-¨-v h-n-«-b-¨ I-Y k-p-]-c-n-N-n-X-a-m-W-v.

]-q-¨-sb D-WÀ-¯-m-sX h-k-v-{X ̀ -m-K-w a-p-d-n-¨-v a-m-ä-n A-X-n-\-v k-u-I-c-y-w sN-b-v-X-p-sI-m-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w I-o-d-n-b h-k-v-{X-w [-c-n-¨-v ]-Å-n-b-n-te-¡-v t]-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X I-Y-b-p-w h-n-{i-p-X-a-m-W-v. (\-q-d-pÂ A-_-v-k-z-mÀ)

ssi-J-n-sâ DÂ-¡-r-ã k-z-`-m-h-w a-q-e-w H-t«-sd A-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-IÄ C-kve-m-a-n-sâ h-à-m-¡-f-p-w {]-N-m-c-I-c-p-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. X-s¶ B-{I-a-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-k-`-y-w ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-h-tc-m-S-v t]-m-e-p-w k-v-t\-l-t¯-m-sS A-h-n-S-p-¶-v s]-c-p-a-m-d-n. A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ a-mÀ-K-¯-nÂ A-Ã-m-sX H-c-p \-n-a-n-j-w t]-m-e-p-w I-g-n-ª-p I-S-¡-c-p-X-¶-v \-nÀ-_-Ô-_-p-²-n-b-p-Å-h-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d). X-n-c-p-\-_-n (k-z)b-p-sS k-z-`-m-h a-l-n-a A-h-n-S-p-s¯ P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-e-p-S-\-o-f-w Z-r-i-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ssi-J-v a-¡n-¿-pÂ h-m-k-z-n-X-z-n(d)]-d-b-p-¶-p: C-d-m-J-n-se D-½-p A-_-o-Z {]-tZ-i-¯-v R-m³ H-c-p c-m-{X-n ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d)t\-m-sS-m-¸-w I-g-n-ª-p. B H-sc-m-ä c-m-{X-n-b-nÂ a-m-{X-w X-n-c-p\-_-n-b-p-sS a-l-n-X k-z-`-m-h-§-f-nÂ-s]-« \-mÂ]-tX-m-f-w I-m-c-y-§Ä ssi-J-nÂ \-n-¶-v R-m³ I-ï-p. k-pÂ-X-z-m-\-pÂ B-c-n-^-o³ F-¶ Ø-m-\-t¸-c-v e-`-n-¨-X-n-\-v I-m-c-W-w X-n-c-p-\-_-n-b-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-w

teJ\wArticle


A-\-p-[-m-h-\-w sN-b-v-X-X-n-\-mÂ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p.KÀ-`-m-i-b-¯-nÂ h-¨-p-X-s¶ D-½-tb-m-S-v k-w-k-m-

c-n-¨-v I-d-m-a-¯-v {]-I-S-a-m-¡-n-b a-l-m-\-m-W-v ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u(d). ssi-J-v A-e-n-¿-p-Ê-q-c-o (d) C-a-m-a-p-±-o³ k-n³-I-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w D-²-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-§-s\: c-n-^-m-C-u ssi-J-v-(d)sâ P-\-\-w h-e-X-p-ssI s\-©-n-\-p-X-m-sg sh-¨-p-w C-S-X-p-ssI sI-m-ï-v ]-n³-`-m-K-w a-d-¨-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

sX-m-«-n-e-nÂ sh-¨-v k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-X-p-w X-k-v-_-o-l-v sN-m-Ã-n-b-X-p-w h-n-i-p-² d-a-f-m-\-n-sâ ]-I-e-p-I-f-nÂ a-p-e-¸-mÂ I-p-S-n-¡-m-X-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w {]-k-n-²-a-m-W-v. sN-d-p-{]-m-b-¯-nÂ X-s¶ k-a-{]-m-b-¡-m-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n th-d-n-« a-\-k-p-a-m-b-n C-_-m-Z-¯-v ]-X-n-h-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-p-b-q-X-z-n (d) X³-h-oÀ F-¶ {K-Ù-¯-nÂ ]-d-b-p-¶-p: "ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d) {I-n.1160 Â l-Ö-n-\-p t]-m-b-n. a-¡-b-nÂ IÀ-a-§Ä ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-b-X-n-\-p-ti-j-w a-l-m-\-hÀ-IÄ a-Z-o-\-b-nÂ X-n-c-p-\-_-n-b-p-sS d-u-f-m-i-c-o-^-n-se-¯-n. A-h-n-sS-sb-¯-n-b ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d)]-m-S-n. "h-n-Z-q-c-X-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-s¡ R-m-s\³ B-ß-m-h-n-s\ ]-d-ª-b-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. R-m³ C-t¸-mÄ A-§-b-p-sS X-n-c-p k-h-n-[-¯-n-te-¡-p F-¯-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-§-b-p-sS I-c-w H-¶-v \-o-«-n X-¶-m-e-p-w \-_-n-tb.., A-X-n-\-mÂ R-m-s\³ A-[-c-§-sf a-[-p-c-a-m-¡-s«.' X-n-c-p-\-_-n-b-p-sS I-c-w d-u-f-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w {]-X-y-£-s¸-«-p. ssi-J-v A-hÀ-IÄ B X-r-¡-c-§-sf a-X-n-h-tc-m-f-p-w N-p-w-_-n-¨-p. ti-j-w A-h-n-S-p-s¯ ssI-]-n-S-n-¨-p ss_-A-X-p sN-b-v-X-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v B-ß-o-tb-m-]-tZ-i-§Ä \Â-I-n. C-u k-w-`-h-¯-n-\-v H-c-p e-£-t¯-m-f-w

teJ\wArticle


h-c-p-¶ A-h-n-S-p-s¯ A-\-p-N-c-·-mÀ Z-r-I-v-k-m-£-n-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-m-b-n N-c-n-{X-w tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p-ï-v.C-u k-w-`-h-w A-h-c-p-sS a-l-¯-m-b I-d-m-a-¯-m-b-n C-a-m-w k-p-b-q-X-z-n (d), a-p-l-½-Z-v B-e-q-k-n (d), ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ-J-m-Z-nÀ X-z-n-_-n-c-n (d) X-p-S-§-n-b-hÀ tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sh-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v.

h-n-tb-m-K-wP-\-e-£-§-sf B-ß-o-b-X-b-n-te-¡-v D-bÀ-¯-n

ssh-Ú-m-\-n-I h-n-¹-h-¯-n-\-v t\-X-r-X-z-w h-l-n-¨ ssi-J-v A-lvaZ-pÂ I-_-oÀ c-n-^-m-C-u (d)l-n-P-v-d 578 P-a-m-Z-pÂ B-J-nÀ 12\-v d-_-n-sâ h-n-f-n-¡-p-¯-c-w \Â-I-n. \-o-ï B-d-v ]-X-n-ä-m-tï-m-f-w C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I te-m-I-¯-n-\-v X-p-e-y-X-b-n-Ã-m-¯ k-w-`-m-h-\-I-fÀ-¸-n-¨ a-l-m-\-hÀ-IÄ a-c-W-w a-p³-I-q-«-n A-d-n-b-p-I-b-p-w {]-h-N-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. ssi-J-v P-u-l-d-pÂ b-a-m-\-n (d) ]-d-b-p-¶-p: tc-m-K-w C-Ã-m-¯ k-a-b-¯-v X-s¶ ssi-J-v a-c-W k-a-b-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]-d-ª-n-c-p-¶-p. c-ï-v d-I-v-A-¯-v \-n-k-v-I-c-n-¨ ti-j-w i-l-m-Z-¯-v I-e-n-a sN-m-Ã-n-b-m-W-v d-º-n-te-¡-v b-m-{X-b-m-b-X-v. ssi-J-v c-n-^-m-C-u (d)h-n-sâ P-\-m-k sI-m-ï-p t]-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ {]-I-S-a-m-b A-Z-v-`-p-X-§Ä a-m-{X-w I-ï-v F-g-p-¶-q-td-m-f-w P-q-X-·-m-c-p-w B-b-n-c-t¯-m-f-w {In-k-v-X-y-m-\-n-I-f-p-w C-kvem-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-ï-m-b-n. P-\-m-k-sb a-p-s¼-m-¶-p-w I-m-W-m-¯ h-n-[-w ]-¨ ]-£-n-IÄ \-m-e-p ̀ -m-K-§-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w h-e-b-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p $

teJ\wArticle



ssI-¯-m-§-v, H-c-p ssI k-l-m-b-w, ssI h-n-« I-f-n F-¶-n-§-s\ ssI

I-q-«-n-b-p-Å {]-tb-m-K-§Ä ̀ -m-j-b-nÂ ]-e-X-p-a-p-ï-v. C-¯-c-w ssI {]-tb-m-K-§-f-p-sS ]-p-X-n-b thÀ-j-\-p-a-m-b-n h-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v \-½-p-sS ]-n-tÅÀ.

"ssIb-n-¶-v t]-m-b-n' F-¶-X-m-W-v \-y-q-sP³ ssI-{]-tb-m-K-§-f-nÂ a-p-J-y-w. ]-W-ta-m a-tä-m \-ã-s¸-«-X-n-s\ k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-Ã C-u "ssI-b-n-¶-v t]-m-¡-v'.

"ssI' sh¨pÅ \yq sP³ {]tbmKam-Wn¯hW.]Icw sh¡m\nÃm¯ InSp {]tbmKambn

Nne-t¸mÄ Nne ssI {]tbm-K§Ä.

AÐpÃ [email protected]

Nn-e ssI{]-tbm-K-§Ä!


a-m-t\-P-v sN-¿-m³ ]-ä-m-¯ h-n-[-w k-m-l-N-cy-w A-\-n-b-{´-n-X-a-m-h-p-I, D-t±-i-n-t¨-S-¯-v I-m-c-y-§Ä \-nÂ-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I F-s¶-m-s¡-b-m-W-v C-u ssIb-n-¶-v t]-m-¡-n-sâ h-n-h-£.

H-c-p X-a-m-i I-m-W-n-¡-p-I, ss[-c-y-w sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-I X-p-S-§-n-b D-t±-i-y-§-tf-m-sS H-¸-n-¨ th-e-¯-c-w k-v-t^-m-S-\-m-ß-I-a-m-b A-h-Ø {]-m-]-n-¨-mÂ k-w-K-X-n I-¿-n-¶-v t]-m-b-n F-¶-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w {]-X-n-I-c-W-w. G-X-v t]-m-e-o-k-v h-¶-m \-½-s¡-´-m F-¶ `-m-h-¯-nÂ _-p-¡-p-w t]-¸-d-p-a-n-Ã-m-sX, slÂ-a-ä-v- sh-¡-m-sX ss_-¡-p-sa-S-p-¯-v N-o-d-n-¸-m-ª-p t]-m-e-o-k-n-sâ a-p-¶-nÂ sN-¶-v N-m-S-p-I-b-p-w ]-p-e-n-h-mÂ ]-n-S-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-sX-¶-n-c-n-¡-s«. A-sÃ-¦-nÂ H-c-p l-c-¯-n-\-v I-¯-n-¨-p h-n-« ]-S-¡-w s]-m-«-n BÀ-s¡¦-n-e-p-w ]-c-n-¡-v ]-ä-p-I-b-p-w tI-k-p-w tI-m-S-X-n-b-p-w


-s]-m-Ã-m-¸-p-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-w A-h-k-m-\-w \-Ã H-c-p k-w-J-y sI-m-S-p-¯-v H-¯-p X-oÀ-¸-m-t¡-ï-n h-c-n-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-sX-¶-n-c-n-¡-s«. C-¯-c-w k-m-l-N-c-y-§-f-p-sS B H-c-p A-h-Ø G-ä-h-p-w \-¶-m-b-n B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-¡-m³ "ssI-b-n-¶-v t]-m-b-n' F-¶ {]-tb-m-K-s¯ sh-Ã-m³ H-c-p {]-tb-m-K-a-n-Ã X-s¶.

k-w-L-m-w-K-§Ä H-¶-n-¨-v S-q-td-m a-tä-m t]-m-b-n X-n-c-n-¨-p h-¶-mÂ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w l-m-tM-m-h-d-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w K-m-M-v e-o-UÀ N-n-e-t¸-m X-e-¡-v ssIb-p-w sI-m-S-p-¯-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v I-m-W-m-w. k-w-K-X-n A-t\-z-j-n-¨-mÂ _-U-v-P-ä-v "ssIb-n-¶-v t]-m-sb-'¶-v ]-d-b-p-w. A-S-n-¨-p s]-m-f-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ sN-e-h-v I¬-t{S-mÄ sN-¿-m³ a-d-¶-p t]-m-sb-¶-v N-p-c-p-¡-w. tk-m-j-yÂ a-o-U-n-b-b-nÂ X-a-m-i-¡-v h-n-« th-m-b-v-k-p-IÄ ssI-b-n-¶-v t]-m-b-n s]-m-Ã-m-¸-n-e-m-b-hÀ F-{X!

"ssI-b-n-¶-v I-q-«-p-I' F-¶-X-m-W-v a-sä-m-c-p ssI-{]-tb-m-K-w. B-sc-sb-¦-n-e-p-w ]-p-I-g-v-¯-n ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ H-c-p ]-©-v I-n-«-m-\-m-b-n A-b-m-f-n-e-n-Ã-m-¯ I-m-c-y-§Ä I-q-«-n-¸-d-b-p-¶-X-n-s\ k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-m-W-v ssIb-n-¶-v I-q-«-p-I, I-¿-n-¶-v C-S-p-I F-s¶-m-s¡ ]-d-b-p-I. G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS ta-·, Ø-e-¯-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I-X-IÄ F-¶-n-h hÀ-W-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w ssI-bn-¶-v I-q-«-m-d-p-ï-v ]-e-c-p-w. C-X-n-\-v tI-ä-n ]-d-b-p-I F-¶-p-w H-c-p {]-tb-m-K-a-p-ï-v. ]-e-tc-b-p-w h-m-g-v-t¯-ï-n h-c-p-t¼-mÄ ssIb-n-¶-v I-q-«-n-b-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ H-¶-p-w ]-d-b-m-\-n-Ã-m-¯ A-h-Ø h-c-p-¶-X-v \-½-p-sS I-p-ä-a-Ã-tÃ-m tÃ?.. $



n city\mK‑cnIw

\-n-Ý-n-X A-f-h-nÂ B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å `-£-y, ̀ -t£-y-X-c h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS h-n-X-c-

W-¯-n-s\ s]-m-X-p-h-m-b-n td-j-\-n-M-v F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-p. A-¯-c-w k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-nÂ D-]-t`-m-à-m-h-n-s\ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w h-n-X-c-W h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS A-f-h-v tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w D-Å tc-J-b-m-W-v td-j³ I-mÀ-U-v.

A_pZm_nbnse tdj³ kwhn[m\hpw Cý³tdj³ kwhn[m\hpw X½nse´v? G-XmWv

IqSpXÂ ap¶nÂ \nÂ¡p¶Xv? F´psIm@ v ?

A-en I-«-bm-«[email protected]

A-_-p-Z-m-_-n-b-n-setd-j³ I-S


n city\mK‑cnIw

te-m-I-¯-n-se G-I-tZ-i-w F-Ã-m c-m-P-y-¯-p-w td-j³ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. A-_-p-Z-m-_-n-b-n-se td-j³ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w G-sd-¡-p-td C-´-y³ td-j³ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-tf-m-S-v k-m-a-y-a-p-Å-X-m-W-v. C-h-n-sS-b-p-w h-o-S-v tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¨-v B-W-v td-j³ I-mÀ-U-v \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. b-p-F-C ]-u-c-·-mÀ-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v td-j³ I-mÀ-U-v e-`-n-¡-p-I. {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v td-j³ I-mÀ-U-n-\-v AÀ-l-X-b-n-Ã. tI-c-f-¯-nÂ X-m-e-q-¡-v H-m-^-o-k-nÂ \-n-¶-v-- td-j³ I-mÀ-U-v \Â-I-p-¶-X-v-t]-m-se A-_-p-Z-m-_-n-b-n-e-p-w a-p³-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-b-nÂ \-n¶-m-W-v td-j³-I-mÀ-U-v \Â-I-s¸-s]-S-p-¶-X-v. (tI-c-f-¯-n-se X-m-e-q-¡-v H-m-^-o-k-v t]-m-se-b-m-W-v b-p-F-C a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n H-m-^-o-k-p-w) F-¶-mÂ C-´-y-b-n-se¶ t]-m-se K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-sf F-]-n-FÂ, _-n-]-n-FÂ F-¶-n-§-s\ thÀ-X-n-c-n-


n city\mK‑cnIw

¨-n-«-n-Ã. F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w H-tc ta-m-U-e-n-e-m-W-v td-j³ I-mÀ-U-p-w k-m-[-\-§-f-p-sS h-n-e-b-p-w. F-¶-mÂ h-o-«-n-se A-w-K-§Ä-¡-v A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v [-m-\-y-§-f-p-sS A-f-h-nÂ h-y-X-y-m-k-w D-ï-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ A-c-n-b-p-w tK-m-X-¼-p-a-m-W-v td-j³ h-g-n h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-p-¶ {]-[-m-\ k-m-[-\-§-sf-¦-nÂ A-_-p-Z-m-_-n-b-nÂ A-c-n-b-p-w B-«-b-p-a-m-W-v. F-S-n-F-w I-mÀ-U-v ta-m-UÂ B-W-v C-h-n-sS td-j³ I-mÀ-U-v. I-mÀ-U-p-S-a-b-p-sS t]-c-p-w I-mÀ-U-v \-¼-d-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨ A-f-h-p-w td-j³ I-mÀ-U-nÂ tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. [-m-\-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å I-mÀ-U-v F-¶-v I-mÀ-U-nÂ F-g-p-X-n-sh-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. I-y-m-ti-m _-m-¦-v I-mÀ-tU-m a-p-tJ-\ k-m-[-§Ä ]À-t¨-k-v sN-¿-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

A-d-_-n-IÄ X-m-a-k-n-¡-p-¶ G-I-tZ-i-w Ø-e-s¯-Ã-m-w td-j³ j-m-¸-p-IÄ D-ï-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se t]-m-se ]-o-S-n-I d-q-w a-m-{X-a-Ã. F-Ã-m-h-n-[ B-[-p-\-n-I k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-tf-m-S-p-I-q-S-n-b h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b tK-m-U-u¬ B-W-v C-h-n-S-p-s¯ td-j³ I-S. ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w I-w-]-y-q-«À-h-X-v-I-c-n-¨ H-m-^-o-k-v. h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b ]-mÀ-¡-n-w-K-v. [-m-\-y-§-f-p-w a-ä-p h-n-`-h-§-f-p-w k-q-£-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b tK-m-U-u¬, sk-I-y-q-c-n-ä-n sK-b-v-ä-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I I-m-c-y-§Ä \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-u-I-c-y-§Ä X-p-S-§-n-b-h-sb-Ã-m-a-m-W-v C-h-n-S-s¯ td-j³ j-m-¸-n-se {]-tX-y-I-X-IÄ.

td-j³ I-S-b-p-sS taÂ-t\-m-« N-p-a-X-e b-p-F-C k-z-tZ-i-n-IÄ-¡-m-W-v. A-c-n-¡-p-w B-«-b-v-¡-p-w ]-p-d-sa ]-©-k-m-c, N-m-b-s¸-m-S-n, G-e-¡-m-b, ]-mÂ-s¸-m-S-n, a-n-\-dÂ h-m-«À, ]-bÀ hÀ-K-§Ä, I-m-c-¡, D-¸-v, H-m-


b-nÂ X-p-S-§-n h-n-`-h-§-f-p-w k-_-v--k-n-U-n \-n-c-¡-nÂ td-j³ I-S h-g-n e-`-n-¡-p-w. A-¸-t¸-mÄ A-f-¶-v X-q-¡-n sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-a-Ã. F-Ã-m-w \-n-Ý-n-X A-f-h-n-e-p-Å ]-m-¡-n-M-v B-W-v. 3 Z-nÀ-l-w a-m-{X-ta H-c-p-I-n-te-m A-c-n-¡-p h-n-e-b-p-Å-q. a-mÀ-¡-ä-nÂ C-u A-c-n-¡-v 9 Z-nÀ-l-w h-n-e-b-p-ï-v, _-m-¡-n 6 Z-nÀ-l-w kÀ-¡-mÀ \Â-I-p-¶ k-_-v-k-n-U-n B-W-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ]-m-I-n-k-v-X-m-\-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-c-p-¶ a-p-´-n-b-b-n-\-w _-k-p-a-X-n A-c-n td-j³ h-g-n h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. C-´-ybnÂ C-¯-c-w K-p-W-ta-·-b-p-Å A-c-n-¡-v 100 c-q-]-tb-m-f-w h-n-e h-c-p-w. sI-m-«-m-c-§-f-nÂ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ k-q-¸À Iz-m-f-n-ä-n A-c-n-b-p-w C-h-n-sS e-`-y-a-m-W-v. a-mÀ-I-ä-nÂ 3 Z-nÀ-l-w h-n-e-b-p-Å B-« ]-I-p-X-n h-n-e-¡-v td-j³ I-S h-g-n e-`-n-¡-p-w. 1.50 Z-nÀ-l-a-m-W-v H-c-p I-n-te-m B-«-b-v-¡-v. F-¶-mÂ ]-©-k-m-c 10, 20, 50 F-¶-n-§-s\ h-y-X-y-k-v-X A-f-h-n-e-p-Å ]-m-¡-ä-p-IÄ e-`-y-a-m-W-v. H-c-p I-n-te-m ]-©-k-m-c-¡-v 1.75 Z-nÀ-l-w B-W-v h-n-e. a-mÀ-¡-ä-nÂ a-q-¶-v Z-nÀ-l-w h-n-e-b-p-ï-v. A-c-n-sb t]-m-se X-s¶ G-ä-h-p-w K-p-W-ta-· \-n-d-ª k-m-[-\-§-f-m-W-v A-_-p-Z-m-_-n td-j³-I-S h-g-n h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-p-¶ ]-©-k-m-c-b-p-w B-«-b-p-w. [-m-\-y-§Ä-¡-v ]-p-d-ta H-«-I-§Ä-¡-p-Å {]-tX-y-I ^-p-U-p-w td-j³-I-S h-g-n e-`-n-¡-p-w.

tK-m-U-u-W-nÂ tP-m-e-n-sN-¿-p-¶-h-c-nÂ G-sd-b-p-w _-w-¥-m-tZ-i-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å-h-c-m-W-v. N-n-e I-mÀ-U-p-S-a-IÄ a-e-b-m-f-n-IÄ DÄ-s¸-sS-b-p-Å h-n-tZ-i-n-IÄ-¡-v k-m-[-\-§Ä h-m-§-m³ td-j³-I-mÀ-U-v \Â-I-m-d-p-ï-v. ]-¯-p-hÀ-j-a-m-b-n A-d-_-n-I-v k-tl-m-Z-c-sâ I-mÀ-U-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-m-W-v R-m³ td-j³ I-S-

n city\mK‑cnIw


b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w k-m-[-\-§Ä h-m-§-m-d-p-Å-X-v. I-mÀ-U-v {]-I-m-c-w H-c-p a-m-k-¯-nÂ c-ï-v N-m-¡-v A-c-n-b-m-W-v A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-sX-¦-n-e-p-w a-m-k-m-h-k-m-\-¯-nÂ N-n-e k-a-b-¯-v c-ï-v N-m-¡-v A-c-n th-sd-b-p-w e-`-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-v. \-m-e-p N-m-¡-v A-c-n-¡-v 960 Z-nÀ-l-w e-m-`-a-m-W-v e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-_-p-Z-m-_-n-b-n-se h-n-Z-q-c ]-«-W-a-m-b K-b-m-¯-n-b-n-se td-j³ I-S-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v R-§Ä k-m-[-\-§Ä h-m-§-m-d-p-Å-X-v. C-u I-mÀ-U-v a-p-tJ-\ th-sd Ø-e-¯-p-Å td-j³ I-S h-g-n k-m-[-\-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-Ã. td-j³-I-S h-g-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶ A-c-n _-n-c-n-b-m-W-n, s\-b-v-t¨-mÀ, a-´-n, k-m-[-m-c-W tN-mÀ, tZ-m-i, s\-¿-¸-w X-p-S-§-n-b-h-¡-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m³ ]-ä-p-¶-X-m-W-v. X-n-f-¨ sh-Å-¯-nÂ 10 a-n-\-n-ä-v sI-m-ï-v th-h-p-¶ A-c-n B-b-X-n-\-mÂ X-n-c-¡-p-]-n-S-n-¨ tP-m-e-n-¡-n-S-b-nÂ s]-s«-¶-v ̀ -£-W-w ]-m-I-w sN-¿-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. C-u ̀ -m-K-¯-p-Å A-U-v-t\-m-I-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-nÂ A-[-n-I-t]-c-p-w C-u I-mÀ-U-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-m-W-v A-c-n h-m-§-p-¶-X-v. N-n-e A-d-_-n k-tl-m-Z-c-·-mÀ A-c-n Z-m-\-a-m-b-n \Â-I-m-d-p-a-pï-v.

A-c-n-¡-p ]-p-d-sa ]-©-k-m-c-b-p-w D-¸-p-w H-m-b-n-e-p-w R-§Ä td-j³ I-S-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v h-m-§-m-d-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se h-n-e-tb-¡-m-f-p-w I-p-d-ª h-n-e-b-nÂ B-W-v C-h \-a-p-¡-v e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. i-c-m-i-c-n i-¼-f-¡-m-c-m-b R-§Ä-¡-v N-p-c-p-§-n-b _-P-ä-v X-b-m-d-m-¡-m³ A-_-p-Z-m-_-n _-e-Z-n-b td-j³-I-S G-sd k-l-m-b-I-a-m-W-v $

n city\mK‑cnIw



tI-c-f-¯-nÂ C-k-v--e-m-a-n-I B-ß-o-b ssh-Ú-m-\-n-I \-th-m-°-m-\-¯-n-\-v X-n-c-n-

sI-m-f-p-¯-n-b ssi-J-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-_-oÀ l-n-P-v- -d 876 i-A-v-_-m³ 12 /1467 a-mÀ-¨-v 18 \-v tI-c-f-¯-n-se sI-m-¨-n-b-n-se sI-m-¨-§-m-S-n-b-nÂ a-J-v-Z-q-w

ssk-\p-±o³h-e-n-b a-J-v-Z-q-w

aJvZqw apt¶ä§Ä¡v ine]mInbssk\p±o³ henb aJvZqansâ PohnXhyhlmcs¯ kw_Ôn¨ hnh-c-Ww.

k-n sI F-w l-m-d-q³ ta-m-§[email protected]

Ncn{XwHistory Ncn{XwHistory


`-h-\-¯-nÂ P-\-n-¨-p. A-_-q b-l-v--b-m ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-w _-v-\-p ssi-J-v A-e-n A-lva-Z-v AÂ a-A-v-_-c-n F-¶-m-W-v a-l-m-\-hÀ-I-f-p-sS ]-qÀ-W \-m-a-w.

ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ ]-n-X-m-a-l-\-m-b ssi-J-v Alva-Z-v I-m-bÂ ]-«-W-¯-n-\-S-p-¯-p-Å a-A-v-_-d-nÂ \-n-¶-v sI-m-¨-n-b-n-se-¯-n. tI-c-f-¯-nÂ C-k-v--e-m-a-n-I {]-t_-m-[-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-n-b a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-\-v tI-c-f a-p-k-v--e-n-w-IÄ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ {]-tX-yI ]-c-n-K-W-\ e-`-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ {]-t_-m-[-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-w H-c-p-]-m-S-v t]-c-p-sS C-k-v--e-m-a-n-I-m-tÇ-j-W-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n. sI-m-¨-n-b-nÂ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-w-_-w X-m-a-k-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ h-o-«-n-e-m-W-v ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-_-oÀ P-\-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

ssi-J-v A-lvaZ-v AÂ a-A-v-_-c-n-b-p-sS ]-p-{X-·-m-c-n-se-m-c-m-f-m-b C-_-v--d-m-l-o-w AÂ a-A-v-_-c-n sI-m-¨-n-b-nÂ J-m-k-n-b-m-b-n A-h-tc-m-[-n-X-\-m-I-p-I-b-p-w sI-m-¨-n-b-n-e-p-w ]-c-n-k-c {]-tZ-i-§-f-n-e-p-w {]-t_-m-[-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-n h-c-n-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. C-u k-a-b-¯-m-W-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å a-p-kve-n-w t\-X-m-¡Ä sI-m-¨-n-b-n-se-¯-n C-_-v--d-m-l-o-w a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-s\ s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-te-¡-v J-m-k-n-b-m-I-m³ £-W-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. s]-m-¶-m-\-n-se a-p-k-v--e-n-w t\-X-m-¡-f-p-sS k-½À-Z-¯-n-\-v h-g-§-n C-_-v--d-m-l-o-w a-J-v-Z-q-w s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-se-¯-n J-m-k-n-b-m-b-n Ø-m-\-ta-sä-S-p-¯-p. sI-m-¨-n-b-nÂ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-p-S-p-_-w \-S-¯-n-b k-¶-² {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä a-q-e-a-m-W-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-¡-mÀ I-p-S-p-w-_-s¯ J-m-k-n-b-m-I-m³ £-W-n-¨-X-v.

Ncn{XwHistory


h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-wssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-w I-_-oÀ X-sâ ]-n-X-m-h-m-b

ssi-J-v B-e-n AÂ a-A-v -_-c-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-a-m-c-w-`-n-¨-X-v. ]-t£ ]-X-n-\-m-e-m-w h-b-k-nÂ ]-n-X-m-h-v a-c-W-s¸-«-p. ]-n-X-m-h-n-sâ a-c-W-ti-j-w ]-n-X-r-h-y-\-p-w s]-m-¶-m-\-n J-m-k-n-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ssi-J-v C-_-v--d-m-l-o-w AÂ a-A-v-_-c-n ssk-\-p-±-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-s\ s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ sI-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. J-pÀ-B³ a-\-x-]-mT-a-m-¡-n-b ti-j-w \-l-v--h-v, k-zÀ-^-v, ̂ -n-J-v-l-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h ]-n-X-r-h-y-\-nÂ \-n-¶-v ]T-n-s¨-S-p-¯-p. ]-n-¶-o-S-v ]-n-X-r-h-y-sâ k-½-X-{]-I-m-c-w D-¶-X ]T-\-¯-n-\-v th-ï-n tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-t«-¡-v t]-m-b-n. ̂ -n-J-v-l-nÂ A-K-m-[-a-m-b ]-m-Þ-n-X-y-¯-n-\-v D-S-a-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ssi-J-v A-_-q-_-¡À ̂ -J-v--d-p-±-o³ _-v-\-p d-a-f-m-\-p i-m-e-n-b-m-¯-n-b-p-sS i-n-j-y-X-z-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-v G-g-v hÀ-j-¡-m-e-w A-h-n-sS I-g-n-ª-p-I-q-S-n. F-¶-n-«-p-w A-S-§-m-¯ h-n-Ú-m-\ X-r-j-m-W-b-p-a-m-b-n A-t±-l-w a-¡-t¯-¡-v b-m-{X X-n-c-n-¨-p. A-h-n-sS sh-¨-v A-Ã-m-a-m A-lva-Z-v i-n-l-m-_-p-±-o³ _-v-\-p D-k-v-a-m-\-p _-v-\-p A-Ð-n-Ã-m-l-nÂ b-a-\-n F-¶-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v ̂ -n-J-v-l-n-e-p-w l-Z-o-k-n-e-p-w A-h-K-m-l-w t\-S-n. C-h-n-sS \-n-¶-m-W-v CÂ-a-pÂ ̂ -d-m-C-f-nÂ C-a-m-w k-zÀ-Z-^-n-sb-g-p-X-n-b ̂ -d-m-C-f-p I-m-^-n-b F-¶ {K-Ù-w ]T-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

a-¡-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v C-kv-e-m-a-n-I h-n-Z-y-m tI-{µ-a-m-b-n A-d-n-b-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶ C-u-P-n-]-v-X-n-se AÂ A-k-v-l-d-n-te-¡-v a-m-d-n. a-e-_-m-d-nÂ \-n-¶-m-Z-y-a-m-b-n AÂ A-k-v-l-d-nÂ t]-m-b-n ]T-n-¡-p-¶ ]-Þ-n-X-s\-¶ _-l-p-a-X-n a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-\-v k-z-´-a-m-b-n. A-k-v-l-d-nÂ ssi-J-v A-Ð-p-d-Ò-m³ AÂ l-f-v--d-an-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v l-Z-o-k-nÂ

Ncn{XwHistory


I-q-S-p-XÂ A-d-n-h-v k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w l-Z-o-k-v D-²-c-n-¡-m-\-p-Å C-P-m-k-¯-v k-z-´-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

C-a-m-w k-I-c-n-¿Â A³-k-m-c-n (d), C-a-m-w P-e-m-e-p-±-o-\-p k-q-b-p-X-z-n (d), C-a-m-w k-¿-n-Z-v A-Ê-w-l-q-Z-n (d), C-a-m-w k-¿-n-Z-v A-_-q-_-¡À AÂ l-f-v--d-a-n (d), C-a-m-w k-¿-n-Z-v A-_-q-_-¡À AÂ-l-f-v--d-a-n (d), C-a-m-w l-m-^-n-f-v A-Ê-J-m-h-n (d) X-p-S-§-n-b {]-X-n-`-m-[-\-c-m-b ]-Þ-n-X-·-m-sc k-µÀ-i-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v h-n-Ú-m-\-w k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-n-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. C-a-m-w P-e-m-e-p-±-o-\-p-Ê-m-^-n (d), C-a-m-w \-q-d-p-±-o-\-pÂ a-l-Ã-n (d), C-a-m-w I-a-m-e-p-±-o-\-p Z-n-a-i-v-J-n (d), C-a-m-w i-n-l-m-_-p-±-o-\-p l-n-½-k-n (d), C-a-m-w _-Z-v--d-p-±-o-\-p k-p-b-q-Y-n (d) X-p-S-§-n-b ]-Þ-n-X-·-m-c-p-sS k-l-]-mT-n I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ssk-\-p-±-o-\-p a-J-v-Z-q-w I-_-oÀ.

Ncn{XwHistory


b-m-{X-m-k-u-I-c-y-wh-f-sc ]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ A-¡-m-e-¯-v A-d-n-h-v

k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v th-ï-n h-f-tc-b-[-n-I-w X-y-m-K-§Ä k-l-n-¨ a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ X-q-e-n-I-b-nÂ H-c-p-]-m-S-v {K-Ù-§Ä h-n-c-n-ª-n-«-p-ï-v. a-pÀ-i-n-Z-p-¯-p-Ã-m-_-v, k-n-d-m-P-pÂ J-p-e-q-k-v, k-n-d-m-P-pÂ a-p-\-oÀ, AÂ a-k-v-A-Z-v ̂ -o Z-n-I-n-c-nÂ a-u-¯-v, i-w-k-pÂ-l-p-Z-m, X-p-l-v-^-¯-pÂ l-n-º-m³, CÀ-i-m-Z-pÂ J-m-k-n-Z-o³, i-A-v-_-pÂ C-u-a-m³, I-n-^-m-b-¯-pÂ ̂ -d-m-C-f-v F-¶-n-h A-h-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w N-n-e-X-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.

h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w k-q-£-v-a-X-tb-m-sS-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ P-o-h-n-X-w. k-Z-m Z-n-I-v--d-n-e-p-w tk-h-\-¯-n-e-p-a-m-b-n I-g-n-ª-p I-q-S-n. k-a-b-s¯ D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ h-f-c-b-[-n-I-w {i-²-m-e-p-h-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-J-v-Z-q-w P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ I-W-n-i-a-m-b I-r-X-y-\-n-j-vT-X-b-p-w k-q-£-v-a-X-b-p-w I-m-¯-pk-q-£-n-¨-n-c-n-¶-p. h-n-Ú-m-\-¯-n-\-p th-ï-n-b-p-Å tX-tc-m-«-¯-n-\-v ti-j-w {]-t_-m-[-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-p-a-m-b-n s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-n-b a-J-v -Z-q-a-n-s\ s]-m-¶-m-\-n-¡-mÀ A-f-h-ä-v _-l-p-a-m-\-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. {]-tZ-i h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS F-Ã-m k-l-m-b k-l-I-c-W-§-tf-m-S-v I-q-S-n a-J-v-Z-q-w s]-m-¶-m-\-n h-e-n-b P-p-a-m a-k-v-P-n-Z-v ]-W-n I-g-n-¸-n-¨-p. s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-p-sS ]-c-n-j-v--IÀ-¯-h-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä H-c-p-]-m-S-v t]-sc C-kve-m-a-n-te-¡-m-IÀ-j-n-¨-p. A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ]-n³-K-m-a-n-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-m-W-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-sb a-e-_-m-d-n-sâ a-¡-b-m-¡-n a-m-ä-n-b-X-v. h-n-P-R-m-\ {]-N-m-c-W-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-sâ a-p-J-y tk-

Ncn{XwHistory


h-\-w. h-n-Z-y-b-`-y-k-n-¡-m-¯-h-sc h-n-Ú-m-\-¯-n-sâ h-n-f-¡-¯-n-c-p-¯-n. A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ h-n-Ú-m-\ k-Z-k-p-I-f-n-te-¡-v h-n-Z-q-c Z-n-¡-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v t]-m-e-p-w B-f-p-I-sf-¯-n. J-m-k-n A-lva-Z-v i-n-l-m-_-p-±-o³ AÂ I-m-e-n-¡-p-¯-n A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ {]-a-p-J i-n-j-y-c-nÂ H-c-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.

k-m-a-q-l-n-I P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w {i-² ]-X-n-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ C-a-m-a-hÀ-IÄ I-p-S-p-w-_ I-m-c-y-¯-n-e-p-w h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w {i-²-m-e-p-h-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v A-t±-l-w h-n-h-m-l-w sN-b-v-X-X-v. a-q-¶-v B¬ a-¡-f-p-w c-ï-v s]¬ a-¡-f-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-J-v-Z-q-a-n-\-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. a-q-¯ a-I³ b-l-v--b sN-d-p¸-¯-nÂ a-c-n¨-p. (s]-m-¶-m-\-n h-e-n-b P-p-a-m a-k-v-P-n-Z-n-sâ a-p³h-i-¯-p-Å sI-«-n-\-I-¯-m-W-v C-u I-p-«-n-b-p-sS J-_À F-¶-v ]-d-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p). c-ï-m-a-s¯ ]-p-{X³ a-p-l-½-Z-pÂ K-Ê-m-e-n a-l-m ]-Þ-n-X-\-p-w k-m-l-n-X-yI-m-c-\-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-t±-l-¯-n-sâ ]-p-{X-\-m-W-v ssi-J-v a-p-l-½-Z-v ssk-\-p-Z-o³ a-J-v-Z-q-w k-K-oÀ. a-q-¶-m-a-s¯ a-I³ ssi-J-v A-Ð-pÂ A-k-o-k-v a-J-v-Z-q-w a-l-m ]-Þ-n-X-\-p-w \-n-c-h-[-n {K-Ù-§-f-p-sS c-N-b-n-X-m-h-p-a-m-W-v.

l-n-P-v--d 928 i-A-v-_-m³ 16/1522P-q-sse 10 sh-Å-n-b-m-g-v-N c-m-{X-n a-J-v-Z-q-w I-_-oÀ C-l-te-m-I h-m-k-w sh-S-n-ª-p. s]-m-¶-m-\-n h-e-n-b P-p-a-m a-k-v-P-n-Z-n-e-m-W-v a-l-m-\-hÀ-I-f-p-sS a-J-v-_-d $

Ncn{XwHistory



-D-¸-p-Å I-h-n-X-IÄ

I-e-m-e-b-¯-nÂ C-¡-p-d-n D-¸-p-Å I-h-n-X-I-f-m-W-v. I-h-n-X-IÄ-¡-v A-¶-§Ä-s¡-¶ t]-m-se D-¸-v th-W-sa-¶-v N-n-eÀ ]-d-b-p-¶-p.

A-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w ]-m-N-I-I-e t]-m-se X-s¶-b-m-W-tÃ-m I-m-h-y-I-e-b-p-w. c-ï-n-S-¯-p-w F-Ã-m-w ]-m-I-¯-n-\-p th-W-w. F-c-n-h-p-w X-o-b-p-w D-¸-p-w kÀ-K-m-ß-I-a-m-b-n tN-c-p-¶-X-m-W-v \-Ã I-d-n, \-Ã I-h-n-X.

"D-¸-v' F-¶ t]-c-nÂ X-s¶ H-F³-h-n-s¡-m-c-p I-h-n-X-m-k-a-m-l-m-c-a-p-ï-v. I-®-n-Ã-m-¯-hÀ-¡-v F-{X I-®-p-ï-v F-¶-v a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b-n tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-p H-c-p I-h-n-X. ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-s¯-b-p-w te-m-I-s¯-b-p-w I-p-d-n-¨-v B-te-m-N-n-¡-p-¶ a-sä-m-c-p I-h-n-X I-m-e-¯-n-sâ ]-p-d-¯-v ssI-sb-m-¸-n-S-p-¶-p.

c-m-{ã-o-b t_-m-[-w N-p-c-¯-p-¶ th-sd I-h-n-X-I-f-p-a-p-ï-v. I-h-n-IÄ-¡-v ]-p-X-n-b-I-m-e-t¯-¡-v k-z-m-K-X-w; h-m-b-\-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w.

{]-hm-kn F-gp-¯p-IÄ-¡p-Å Xp-d-¶ Xm-fp-I-fm-Wv I-em-e-bw. sN-dn-b kr-ãn-IÄ [email protected]

F-¶ C sa-bnÂ hn-em-k-¯nÂ A-b-¡p-I.


]m-X--\u-^Â Ip-f-¯qÀ

`n-¶-amw e-£y-§-fn-te-s¡m-tc]m-X-bn-tem-Sp-¶p i-I-S-§Ä.]m-Xn-cm-hn-epw]-Xn-hp-t]m-se ]m-bp-¶p,Xp-¸p-¶p [q-a ]-S-e-§Ä.

hy-Xy-kv-X-amw hy-Y-I-fpw{Iq-c-amw hn-[n-I-fpw]m-cn-e-en-bn-¡p-¶p cm-¸-I-ep-IÄ.

D-e-I-an-¶m-[n-bm-ep-cp-Ip-¶th-f-bn-þep-S-b-h-s\m-cp-h-s\-t¯-Sp-¶ [À-a-§Ä.hn-`n-¶-amw F-®-hpw h-®-hpwap-t¶m-«v Xn-cn-bp-¶p N-{I-§Ä.

tX-bv-¡p-¶p X-d-bnÂsX-¶n-t¸m-Xn-¶-S-bm-f-§Ä.hn-`n-¶-amw tNm-c-¨m-ep-IÄ [-c-Wn-bnÂ]n-S-ª-S-bp-¶p amw-k-§Ä.\n-an-j-amw t\-c-¯n³ t\m-«-¸n-g-hn-þe-\m-Y-am-Ip-¶ P-·-§Ä.

`n-¶-amw h-gn-tb-Xp-ta-þb-\-´-a-sÃ-¶-dn-b-Ww am-\p-Pm;Úm-\n-bm-bv {`-an-¡-Ww ̀ q-an-bn-e-t¶-c-þa-\y-am-bv am-dn-Spw \n³ th-Z-\-IÄ.


-kz-]v-\-§Ä s\-¿p-¶-hÀi-ô-Jv A-Ðp-Ã, ]-c-¸-\-§m-Sn

{]-Xo-£-I-fp-sShn-¯p-]m-In-b a-®nÂhn-bÀ-¸p-sIm-ïv \-\-¨vs\-bv-sX-Sp-¯ kz-]v--\-§Ähn-f-sh-Sp-¡p-¶-XpwIm-¯n-cn-¸p-ïv, a-®n-sâ a-¡Ä.

Xm-§m-\m-hm-¯{]-Xo-£-I-fp-sS ̀ m-Þw t]-dn{]m-cm-Ï-§-fp-sS]-Sn-I-S-¶-hÀs\-bv-sX-Sp-¡p-¶ kz-]v-\-§-fpwt\À-¯ \q-en-g-I-fn-em-Wv.

]p-I s]-bvâp sN-bv-XNp-h-cp-IÄ-¡p-ÅnÂkz-]v--\-§-sfm-s¡-bpw{]n-bÀ-¡m-b-S-¡w sN-bv-Xv]-I-e-ń X-Ån-\o-¡p-¶p-ïv,]p-c-bn-sem-cp P-·w.


{]-Xo-£-I-fp-sS{]-f-bw XoÀ-¯v,tXm-cm-¯ a-g-t]m-seXo-cm-¯ kz-]v--\-§Äs]-bv-Xn-d-§p-¶ a-®m-WvPo-hn-X-§Ä...

{]-Xo-£-I-fp-sSt\À-¯-\qÂ tImÀ-¯v--s\-bv--sX-Sp-¡p-¶kz-]v--\-§-fp-sS\q-e-äp-t]m-bn-«pwssI-hn-Sm-¯ {]-Xo-£-bp-sSIq-sSm-cp-¡p-¶p-ïv Nn-e-ń.

s\-bv-Xp-Iq-«n-bA-ä-an-Ãm-¯ kz-]v-\-§-fp-sSNo-«p-sIm-«m-c-§ÄX-IÀ-¶p-ho-gp-t¼m-gpwA-kv-X-am-\-¯n-\vhn-«p-sIm-Sp-¡m-¯{]-Xo-£-bp-sSs]m³-]p-e-cn-bn-em-Wvh-k-´w hn-S-cp-¶-Xv...


ssI-sbm-¸vku-ay A-XpÂ, aq-eqÀ

]-IÂ Nn-{Xw am-bpwkm-bw k-Ôy-bnÂ,HmÀ-a-IÄ \n-c-sX-än-bA-£-c-Iq-«-§-fm-Ipw.

C-hn-sS ap-Jm-h-c-WwHmÀ-a-IÄ tX-Sn-b-e-bpwIm-ew h-c-¨n-«Nn-{X-§-sfm-s¡-bpwHmÀ-a-I-fp-sSXm-bv--th-cv tX-Spw.

\-ã-§-fp-sSI-W-¡p ]p-kv-X-Iws\-t©m-Sv tNÀ-¯vkz-]v-\-§Ä-¡vIq-«m-Ipw.Xn-cn-sI-sb-¯n-sÃ-¶vA-dn-bm-sa-¦n-epwa-\-kv hr-Ym sIm-Xn-¡pw.


]-I-e-ń-bnÂ hm-Sn-¯-f-cpwHm-tcm-tcm Z-f-§-fpwIm-e-¯n³ E-Xp-t`-Z-§-fnÂbm-{X Xp-S-cp-¶p.

]q-hm-bv, a-W-am-bv, kw-Ko-X-am-bv]p-g-bm-bv Hm-tcm Xp-Sn-¸pw..a-g-\q-en-g-I-fnÂ ap-¯-an-«v]p-Xp-a-®nÂ ap-f-¨p-s]m-ń]p-Xp-\m-¼n³ {]-Xo-£-IÄ..

X-fnÀ-¡p-¶ am-a-c-¨n-Ã-I-fnÂIq-S-W-bpw In-fn-s¡m-©-enÂ[-\y-am-Ipw F-{X-sb-{X{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS ssI-sbm-¸p-IÄ.

]qÀ-W-X-bn-se-¯m-¯Po-hn-X-§Äa-c-W-sa-¶ k-Xywhm-cn-¸p-WÀ-¶vIm-¯n-cn-¸p-IÄA-h-ti-jn-¸p-I-fm-bna-®n-s\ ]pÂ-Ip-t¼mÄkz-]v-\-§Ä H-cp ]n-Sn Nm-c-am-Ipw

C-¶n-sâ hyÀ-Y-amwsN-bv-Xn-IÄH-cp a-g t]m-seA-en-ªn-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶p.


Hcp I®nepw sXfnbm¯Xv -ap_ÈnÀ ssI{]w

AÔt\mfw ImgvN aämÀ¡papïmhnÃ.XpfbnÂ Ipgn¨n«h«¡®pIfÃ;Xm§n¸nSn¨ hSnbpsS]eXmb I®pIÄAbmÄs¡m¸w \S¡p¶p.

`qan XoÀ¯pw KÀ¯amhm\pw,\nçmhm\papÅ,Htc km[yXIfnemWbmsft¸mgpw.I®SbpsS sXfn¨¡pdthmIcSpt]mbXnsâ AkzØXtbm th«bmSpt¶bnÃ.

DÅXpw, CÃm¯Xpw \½sf¡mÄ thKwthÀXncn¨dnbp¶p.

Ah\hsâI®p am{XapÅbmÄ¡vImWmhp¶Xn\pa¸pdw]ecpsSbpw I®neqsSAbmfdnbp¶p.

shfn¨w Xd¨vsXfnbmsX t]mbtXm,


shfn¨¡pdhnÂImWmsX t]mbtXmAbmÄ¡nÃ.Abmsf Im¯ncn¡p¶ Hgn¨n« ItkcIÄ.FhnsSbpw Ft¸mgpwAbmfnte¡v ]msª¯p¶ Ic§Ä...XtemSnt¸mIp¶ hm¡pIÄ.]dbm³ aSn¡p¶ Ak`y§Ä.FÃmw,HcÀY¯nÂ AbmfpsS I®p Xs¶bmWv.

AbmfpsS Idp¸ns\{XtaÂ shfp¸pïmbncn¡pw.Im¡bpsSXv, B\bpsSXv,ASp¸ntâXvA§ns\sbm¶panÃ..Hä¡dp¸v, Htcsbmcp \ndw.Hc\p`hs¯AXmbn¯s¶Ffp¸w a\knem¡m³aämÀ¡mWmhpI...Hcp I®nepw sXfnbm¯]eXmb\p`h§Ä]dªp XoÀ¡m\bmÄ þ¡mhp¶pïv.


Hcp Iemeb¯nepwôkS¡msXI®mb I®nsâaqeyabmÄ ]Tn¨p XoÀ¶tÃm?.Bizmkw..

-ImgvN-IÄdôJv ]pXps]m¶m-\n

sI«pImgvNIfnÂa\kpSªp,I®p \\ªp,DÅw ]nSªp.

Iïp \nÂ¡m\mhmsXI®S¨t¸mÄa\knsâ angnbntem\ndbps¶mcmbncwImgvNIÄ.

I®pw a\kpw\nd¡p¶ ImgvNIÄ.a®nsemcp ]nSntaml¯n³ Km-YIÄ.


B-te-m-N-\-m ti-j-n-tb-m-sS N-n-´-IÄ ]-¦-p-sh-¡-m³ C-S-sa-m-c-p-§-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-\-v N-c-S-v \-ÂI-m³ B-f-p-ï-m-h-p-I-b-p-w A-h ]-n-s¶-b-p-w NÀ-¨ sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v B-i-b-§Ä-¡-v a-qÀ-¯-X ssI-h-c-n-I. a-\-k-nÂ D-Z-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-p B-i-b-s¯-b-p-w C-§-s\ h-n-h-n-[ {]-{I-n-b-I--f-n-e-q-sS c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sb-S-p-¡-m³ sI-Â]-p-Å k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ B-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-§Ä-¡-v ]-p-X-p-a-b-p-w k-z-o-I-m-c-y-X-b-p-w e-`-n-¡-p-w. ]-p-X-p-I-m-e C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I {]-t_-m-[-\ c-w-K-¯-n-\-v D-]-b-p-à-a-m-I-p-w h-n-[-w C-§-s\ H-c-p N-n-

BÀ F‑kv knRSC

kw-L-S-\m-im-kv-{XtIm¬-{K-kv


t´-m-X-v-]-m-Z-\ ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS th-Z-n-b-m--W-v c-n-k-m-e Ì-U-n kÀ-¡-nÄ B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-¿-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-m-i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-v. D-bÀ-¶-X-p-w K-u-c-hX-c-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-p-a-m-b k-w-L-S-\-m B-te-m-N-\-IÄ-¡-v th-Z-n-sb-m-c-p-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v A-S-n-Ø-m-\ D-t±-i-y-w. H-¸-w N-n-´-IÀ F-¶ ]-c-n-I-e-v-]-\-b-nÂ ]-e-c-p-w {]-X-n-j-v-T-n-¡-s¸-«-hÀ-¡-v i-c-o-c-¯-n-sâ B-I-m-c-¯-n-e-p-w {]-tb-m-K-¯-n-sâ a-qÀ-¨-b-n-e-p-w tN-j-v-S-I-f-p-sS h-n-\-y-m-k-¯-n-e-p-w th-j-¯-n-e-p-w Ø-m-\-¯-n-e-p-w H-s¡ h-I sh-¨-v sI-m-S-p-¯ N-n-e B-S-I-sf s]-m-f-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-p-w I-m-W-p-¶-p. H-m-tc-m k-m-[-m-c-W h-y-à-n-b-p-w A-\-\-y-a-m-W-v F-¶ k-¦-e-v-]-¯-nÂ A-h-c-p-sS N-n-´-I-sf I-q-S-n C-u h-g-n-b-nÂ k-a-m-l-c-n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¶-v C-u ]-²-X-n-¡-v i-mT-y-a-p-ï-v. k-a-{K-h-p-w kÀ-h-X-e k-v-]À-i-n-b-p-a-m-b I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-w N-n-´-m-]-²-X-n-b-p-w c-q-]-s¸-tS-ï-X-p-ï-v F-¶ h-n-i-m-e e-£-y-w a-p-¶-nÂ sh-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w {]-h-m-k b-p-h-X-b-p-sS _-l-p-a-p-J h-fÀ-¨-b-p-w ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-h-p-w F-¶ D-¶-¯-n-te-¡-v k-w-L-S-\-m tI-m¬-{K-k-v {i-² tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¡-p-w.

c-n-k-m-e Ì-U-n kÀ-¡-nÄ KÄ-^-v I-u¬-k-n-e-n-sâ t\-c-n-«-p-Å \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v A-X-m-X-v KÄ-^-v c-m-P-y-§-f-n-se \-m-j-\Â I-½-n-ä-n-I-f-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ k-w-L-S-\-m-i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-v \-S-¡-p-I. B-i-b k-w-h-m-Z-§-Ä¡-p-w k-w-L-«-\-§Ä-¡-p-w I-m-g-v -N-¸-m-S-p-IÄ c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w {I-a-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b ]-¦-p-ï-v. C-¯-c-w h-n-i-m-e ]-¦-p-sh-¸-p-I-f-p-sS h-m-X-n-e-p-IÄ t\-c-t¯ apXÂ k-w-L-S-\ X-p-d-¶-n-«-n-c-p-¶-p. C-u

BÀ F‑kv knRSC


\-n-e-b-n-te-¡-v A-w-K-§-sf k-v^-p-S-w sN-b-v-sX-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v th-ï-n-b-p-Å ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-¡-f-c-n-b-m-b-m-W-v h-mÀ-j-n-I I-u¬-k-nÂ a-o-ä-p-I-f-n-se D-Å-S-¡-w I-g-n-ª I-p-td hÀj-§-f-m-b-n c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-m-d-p-Å-X-v. H-c-w-K-¯-n-\-v tX-m-¶-p-¶ A-`-n-{]-m-b-§-tf-m B-i-b-§-tf-m A-sX-{X \-n-k-m-c-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w, C-\-n h-n-aÀ-i-\-m-ß-I-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w D-¶-b-n-¡-m-\-p-Å th-Z-n I-u¬-k-nÂ a-o-ä-p-I-f-nÂ a-m-{X-w ]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-sÃ-¦-nÂ hÀ-j-¯-nÂ H-c-n-¡Â \-S-¡-p-¶ I-u¬-k-nÂ a-o-ä-p-IÄ C-X-n-\-p th-ï-n a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶p ]-d-b-m-w. a-ä-p B-i-b NÀ-¨-IÄ-¡-v A-h-n-sS I-m-c-y-a-m-b C-S-w I-n-«-m-d-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. N-n-´-I-f-p-sS k-a-m-l-c-W-¯-n-\-v b-p-à-a-m-b K-u-c-h th-Z-n-I-f-p-sS A-`-m-h-h-p-w \-n-g-e-n-¨-p \-n-¶-p. C-u ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-n-e-m-W-v k-w-L-S-\-m tI-m¬-{K-k-n-sâ {]-k-à-n.

h-n-aÀ-i-§Ä DÄ-s¸-sS A-w-K-§Ä ]-¦-p-sh-¡-p-¶ I-m-c-y-§-f-n-e-p-w, C-¯-c-w k-µÀ-`-§-tf-m-S-v t\-X-r-X-z-w {]-X-n-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ ssi-e-n-b-n-e-p-w k-a-b-¡-p-d-h-n-sâ-b-p-w th-sd th-Z-n-IÄ C-Ã-m-¯-X-n-sâ-

BÀ F‑kv knRSC


b-p-w k-½À-Z-§Ä D-ï-m-b-n. A-X-v A-k-l-n-j-W-p-X-t¡-m taÂ-þ-I-o-g-v L-S-I-sa-¶ {Ia{]iv--\§Ät¡m Hs¡ h-g-n-sh-¨-p. ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-j-b-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X k-w-h-m-Z-§-f-n-te-m B-i-b ]-¦-p-sh-¸-n-te-m tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v ]-I-c-w X-m-X-v-I-m-e-n-I ssh-I-m-c-n-I {]-I-S-\-§tfm G-I-]£o-b C-S-s]-S-tem H-s¡ \-S¶p. A-¨-S-¡-¯n-sâ t]cnÂ h-m-X-n-e-S-¡-s¸-«-p. taÂ L-S-I-sa-¶ ]-c-n-th-j-w D-d-¸-n-¡-m³, ta-se \-nÂ-¡-W-w F-¶ a-t\-m-`-m-h-w A-d-n-b-m-sX th-c-p-d-¨-p. G-sä-S-p-t¸-m, k-½-X-n-¨-p \ÂItem A-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b-n a-m-{X-w k-w-`-h-n-¨-p. k-m-t¦-X-n-I-h-p-w H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I-h-p-a-m-b k-m-l-k-§-f-p-w I-S-¼-I-f-p-w a-p-¶-nÂ sh-¨-v ]-e-sc-b-p-w \niÐcm¡n.

KÄ-^-v k-½-n-ä-n\v X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w B-i-b-\-n-e ̀ -{Z-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n ]-S-n-]-S-n-b-m-b-n sI-m-ï-p-h-¶ \-h-o-I-c-W {i-a-§-f-p-w I-u¬-k-n-e-p-I-tf-m-S-p-w k-w-h-m-Z-§-tf-m-S-p-w NÀ-¨-I-tf-m-S-p-w h-n-aÀ-i-\-§-tf-m-S-p-w D-Å k-a-o-]-\-§-f-nÂ I-r-X-y-a-m-b a-m-ä-§Ä c-n-k-m-e Ì-U-n kÀ-¡-n-Ä sI-m-ï-p h-¶-p. D-]-c-n-L-S-I-§Ä a-ä-p L-S-I-§-tf-m-S-v A-S-p-¯-v \-n-¶-v C-S-s]-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n. h-y-à-n-I-f-p-w k-w-L-§-f-p-w I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-IÄ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨--p-w {]-J-y-m-]-n-¨-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m³ B-c-w-`-n-¨-p. B-i-b k-w-`-m-h-\-IÄ-¡-v th-ï-n a-m-{X-w th-Z-n-IÄ Dïmbn. H-m-tc-m {]-h-À¯-IÀ-¡-p-w G-X-p k-a-b-h-p-w ̂ -o-U-v_-m-¡-v A-d-n-b-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-m-t¦-X-n-I k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶-p.

H-c-p k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I A-P-ï-b-p-sS ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n k-w-L-S-\-sb _-e-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w A-w-K-§-f-p-sS

BÀ F‑kv knRSC


\-n-e-]-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ h-y-à-X h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v NÀ-¨-b-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ X-b-m-d-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w \-n-c-´-c-w \-h-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ H-c-p I-q-«-w tc-J-IÄ X-s¶-b-p-ï-v k-w-L-S-\-¡-v. k-½-n-ä-nÂ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ c-ï-v hÀ-j-s¯ h-n-j³ A-S-§-n-b k-a-o-]-\ tc-J A-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v. I-q-S-m-sX `-c-W L-S-\-b-p-w b-q-\-n-ä-n-sâ {]-[-m-\ {]-a-m-W-a-m-b IÀ-a tc-J-b-p-w, k-m-¼-¯-n-I N-«-§Ä A-S-§-n-b C-Iv-tW-m-Xn-I-v-k-p-w, s]-c-p-a-m-ä c-o-X-n-IÄ DÄ-s¡-m-Å-p-¶ a-m-\-n-s^-tÌ-m-b-p-w, {]-m-tZ-i-n-I {l-k-z-I-m-e h-n-j³ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-m {]-ta-b-h-p-w, {]-h-m-k-n A-h-I-m-i tc-J, h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n A-h-I-m-i tc-J X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-p-w F-Ã-m-w C-¯-c-w [À-a-§Ä \-n-d-th-ä-p-¶-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\ ]-¦-v h-l-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-q-S-m-sX s]-m-X-p h-n-j-s\ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-s¸-S-p-¯-n {]-m-tZ-i-n-I-h-p-w {]-m-tb-m-K-n-I-h-p-a-m-b {]-tX-y-I I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-IÄ D-Å-S-§-p-¶ tc-J-b-m-W-v \-m-j-\Â I-½-n-ä-n-I-f-p-sS h-n-j³ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-IÄ. C-X-n-s\-Ã-m-w ]-p-d-sa a-p-g-p-h³ L-S-I-§-f-n-e-p-w A-X-X-v h-mÀ-j-n-I I-u¬-k-n-e-p-I-f-nÂ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ {]-hÀ-¯-\ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-IÄ B-i-b-]-c-a-m-b {]-[-m-\ t{k-m-X-k-m-b-n a-m-ä-n F-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ k-w-L-S-\ h-n-P-b-n-¨-p F-¶-v ]-d-b-m-w.

C-\-n-b-p-w N-n-´-m-]-c-a-m-b a-p-t¶-ä-§-f-p-sS A-`-m-h-§Ä k-w-L-S-b-nÂ D-ï-v. X-p-S-§-n sh-¨ {i-a-§-sf {I-a-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w {]-tb-m-K-h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-nÂ I-rX-y-X h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w th-ï-X-p-ï-v. \-h-o-I-c-W-§-f-p-w B-i-b-§-f-p-w D-X-v -]-m-Z-n -¸-n-¡-s¸-tS-ï-X-m-b-p-w D-ï-v. C-h a-p-¶-nÂ I-ï-psI-m-ï-m-W-v

BÀ F‑kv knRSC


k-w-L-S-\-m i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-v F-¶ {]-[-m-\ D-Z-y-a-¯-n-\-v c-n-k-m-e Ì-U-n kÀ-¡-nÄ X-p-S-¡-a-n-S-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p k-w-L-S-\-m hÀ-j-¯-n-se C-S-¡-m-e I-u¬-k-n-e-p-I-tf-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v c-ï-v h-Àj-¯-n-se-m-c-n-¡-e-m-W-v i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-v \-S-¡-p-I.

N-p-c-p-¡-¯-nÂ sX-ä-m-b c-o-X-n-I-sf-b-p-w I-o-gvh-g-¡-§-sf-b-p-w X-n-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w, a-q-e-y-m-[-n-jvT-n-X-h-p-w B-i-b k-¼-p-j-v-S-h-p-a-m-b a-m-X-r-I-IÄ H-c-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v k-w-L-S-\-m i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-n -\- v B-I-p-w. X-p-S-§-n-sh-¨ {i-a-§-f-p -sS h-n-I-k-\-h-p-w h-n-I-m-k-h-p-w C-u h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X k-w-K-a-§-f-nÂ \-S-¡-p-w. I-u¬-k-nÂ A-w-K-§Ä-¡-v ]-p-d-sa B-i-b-]-c-a-m-b-n N-n-´-IÄ k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-« A-w-K-§-sf I-q-S-n ]-¦-m-f-n-b-m-¡-n-b-p-Å I-q-«-p {i-a-§-f-m-I-p-w tI-m¬-{K-k-v. h-mÀ-j-n-I Iu¬knepItfmSv A-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v b-q-\-n-ä-v X-e-w a-p-XÂ D-bÀ-¶-p h-¶ B-i-b-§-f-p-w B-t£-]-§-f-p-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b NÀ-¨-¡-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-n-b-p-w e-£-y-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b-n I-q-S-p-XÂ tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-t¡-ï ta-J-e-IÄ {]-m-]-v-XÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ h-n-`-P-n-¨-v \Â-I-n-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¡-p-w k-w-L-S-\-m i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-n-sâ k-w-L-m-S-\-w. ̂ -e-¯-nÂ k-w-L-S-\-m i-m-k-v-{X tI-m¬-{K-k-v h-g-n, KÄ-^-v k-½-n-ä-n-te-¡-v k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ B-i-b-§Ä I-p-td-¡-q-S-n k-q-£-v-a-h-p-w h-y-à-h-p-a-m-I-p-w F-¶-X-n-\-mÂ C-u D-Z-y-a-w k-w-L-S-\-b-n-e-p-w {]-t_-m-[-\ I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-n-e-p-w h-e-n-b h-n-¹-h-w X-oÀ-¡-p-w F-¶-X-nÂ k-w-i-b-a-n-Ã $

BÀ F‑kv knRSC


LettersFgp‑¯pIÄ

{]hm-kn cnkm-e D-Å-S-¡-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å A-`n-{]m-b-§ÄF-gpXpI

[email protected] +919562383222

-P-b-v-{i-o-d-m-w h-n-f-n-b-p-w a-tX-X-c-X-z-h-p-w-

C-´-y-b-p-sS a-tX-X-c-X-z-w \-mÄ-¡-p-\-mÄ _-e-n-¡-Ã-n-te-d-n-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. \½p-sS cm-Py¯v hÀ-K-o-b-X th-c-p-d-¸-n-¨-sX-§-s\-sb-¶-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-p-I, A-X-n-sâ A-]-m-b a-p-J-§-sf X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v hÀ-¯-a-m-\-I-m-e-s¯ a-tX-X-c D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-X-z-w. C-´-y-b-nÂ ̀ -c-W-hÀ-K-w hÀ-K-o-b ̂ -m-j-n-Ì-v i-à-n-I-sf \-nÀ-a-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. C-sX-´-v sI-m-ï-v X-p-SÀ-¡-Y-b-m-b-n? X-t±-i X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v ̂ -e {]-J-y-m-]-\ k-a-b-¯-v ]-m-e-¡-m-S-v \-K-c k-`-¡-v a-p-I-f-nÂ {]-X-y-£-a-m-b P-b-v- {i-o-d-m-w h-n-f-n-b-p-w _-m-\-d-p-w \-m-w I-ï-p. l-n-µ-p-h-p-w l-n-µ-p-X-z-b-p-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w H-¶-Ã. A-tX-k-a-b-w C-´-y-b-n-e-p-Å h-y-X-y-k-v-X a-X h-n-i-z-m-k-n-IÄ B-c-p-w X-s¶ C-´-y³ k-w-k-v-I-m-c-sa-¶-X-v l-n-µ-p k-w-k-v-I-m-c-a-m-sW-t¶-m,X-§-f-p-sS a-X-¯-n-sâ tI-{µ-w l-n-µ-p ss]-X-r-I-a-m-sW-t¶-m A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-Ã. l-n-µ-p-h-p-w l-n-µ-p-X-z-b-p-w thÀ-X-n-c-n-¨v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v BÀ-F-k-v-F-k-v h-n-`-m-h-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ hÀ-K-o-b A-P-ï-I-sf X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m-\-m-I-p-I.


Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters

A-t¸-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v \-K-c-k-`-b-n-se P-b-v{i-o-d-m-w h-n-f-n a-tX-X-c-X-z-s¯ F-Æ-n-[-w _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v h-y-à-a-m-I-p-I. _-n-sP-]-n k-w-`-h-t¯-m-S-v {]-X-n-I-c-n-¨-X-v A-X-v ̀ -c-W-L-S-\ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶ X--c-¯-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-X-v A-]-I-S-a-m-W-v. a-X-\-n-c-t]-£-X-b-n-e-q-¶-n-b-Ã-m-sX C-´-y-b-nÂ H-c-n-¡-e-p-w h-n-P-b-w k-m-[-y-a-Ã. X-m-X-v-I-m-e-n-I c-m-{ã-o-b h-n-P-b-§Ä sh-¨-v c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ a-q-e-y-§Ä X-¨-p-S-¡-p-¶-X-v h-e-n-b \-ã-§-f-n-te-¡-v k-a-q-l-s¯ \-b-n-¡-p-w. ]-t£ X-oÀ-¯-p-w A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-b H-c-p A-h-Ø-b-n-te-¡-m-W-v C-´-y³ c-m-{ã-o-b-w \-o-§-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-n-s\-X-n-sc P-m-{K-X ssI-h-n-S-m-sX D-WÀ-¶-n-c-n-¡-m³ \-a-p-¡-m-h-W-w.

a-p-l-½-Z-v k-n-\-m³ IÂ-¸-Å-n

{]-W-b-h-p-w h-n-h-m-l-h-p-w-

C-u c-ï-p ]-Z-§-f-p-sS h-n-\-y-m-k-¯-nÂ H-c-p X-e-X-n-c-n-¡Â B-I-W-sa-¶-m-W-v I-g-n-ª e-¡-w c-n-k-m-e ]-d-ª-p sh-¡-p-¶-X-v. s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS h-n-h-m-l {]-m-b-w D-bÀ-¯-p-¶-X-v k-w-_-Ô--n-¨-v H-c-p k-v-{X-o F-¶ X-c-¯-nÂ a-p-t¶-m-«-v sh-¡-m-h-p-¶ {]-m-tb-m-K-n-I {]-X-n-_-Ô-§-sf k-_-o-\ F-w k-m-


Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters

e-n-¡-v X-p-d-¶-v ]-d-b-m-\-m-b-n. C-u NÀ-¨-b-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w B-IÀ-j-I-a-m-b-n tX-m-¶-n-b-X-v l-e-mÂ e-n-h-n-M-v S-p-sK-ZÀ F-¶ tI-m-¬-sk-]-v -ä- v B-W-v. I-u-a-m-c {]-W-b-¯-nÂ h-o-g-p-I-b-p-w \-m-e-mÄ I-m-¬sI k-Ã-m-]-§-f-p-w b-m-{X-I-f-p-w X-p-S-§-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-mÂ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-sf h-n-h-m-l-w sN-b-v-X-v \Â-I-te \-nÀ-h-m-l-a-p-Å-q F-¶-n-S-t¯-¡-v c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä F-¯-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. C-X-v C-¯-c-w h-g-n-h-n-« _-Ô-§Ä-¡-v sse-k³-k-v B-b-n h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-¶-h-c-p-w sN-d-p-X-Ã. F-¶-mÂ a-p³-I-qÀ i-n-£-W-ta-m t_-m-[-h-X-v-I-c-W-ta-m A-Ã-m-sX IÀ-i-\ h-n-e-¡-p-I-f-p-w a-q-e-y-w ]-d-ª-p-Å i-m-k-\-I-f-p-w sI-m-ï-v I-m-c-y-a-n-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v k-a-o-]-I-m-e k-w-`-h-§Ä sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. t{]-a-w a-p-f-s]-m-«-p-¶-X-v {]-I-r-X-n-]-c-a-m-W-v F-¶ k-X-y-w X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-v A-h t\À-a-mÀ-K-¯-nÂ B-I-m-\-p-Å h-g-n-sb-m-c-p-¡-p-I-tb \-nÀ-h-m-l-a-p-Å-q. B-ß-mÀ-Y-X-b-n-Ã-m-¯-X-p-w a-m-w-k \-n-_-Ô-h-p-a-m-b _-Ô-§Ä X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-I C-¯-c-w k-µÀ-`-¯-nÂ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. l-e-mÂ F-¶ ]-Z-w h-o-ï-p-w NÀ-¨-¡-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-b-n-«-p-sï-¦-n-e-p-w l-e-mÂ e-n-h-n-M-v S-p-sK-Z-d-n-\-v k-u-I-c-y-sa-m-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS N-q-j-W-§Ä C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-m-\-p-w c-k-¯-n-\-v th-ï-n-b-p-Å N-p-ä-n-¡-f-n-IÄ A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-g-n-sª-¦-nÂ A-{X-b-p-w \-Ã-X-v.

k-n-±-o-J-pÂ A-I-v-_À


-- -{]-h-m-k-n k-w-L-S\-IÄ-

U-n-k-w-_À e-¡-w {]-h-m-k-n c-n-k-m-e-b-nÂ {]-h-m-k-n k-w-L-S-\-I-tf-m-S-v a-p-k-^À A-lva-Z-v tN-m-Z-n-¨ tN-m-Z-y-w h-f-sc {]-k-à-a-m-W-v. {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS {]-i-v-\-§Ä F-s´-¶-p-w A-h F-§-s\ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-sa-¶-p-w D-Å K-u-c-h B-te-m-N-\-b-p-sS ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-nÂ H-c-p a-m-\-n-s^-tÌ-m X-b-m-d-m-¡-m³ k-w-L-S\-IÄ-¡-v C-X-p-h-sc I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v A-t±-l-w ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. \-m-«-n-se a-m-X-r k-w-L-S-\-I-sf t]-m-ä-m³ th-ï-n a-m-{X-a-m-W-v C-{X-b-p-w I-m-e-w {]-[-m-\ k-w-L-S-\-IÄ ]-e-X-p-w \-n-e-sI-m-ï-X-v. {]-h-m-k-n {]-i-v-\-§-f-n-te-¡-v k-w-L-S-\-IÄ h-c-n-sÃ-¶-v a-m-X-r k-w-L-S-\-IÄ-¡-p-w t\-X-m-¡Ä-¡-p-w \-¶-m-b-n A-d-n-b-m-w F-¶-m-W-v A-t±-l-w D-¶-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-v sN-d-n-b B-i-b-a-Ã. A-k-w-L-S-n-X-a-m-b-n \-n-e-sI-m-Å-p-¶ h-e-n-b sX-m-g-nÂ k-a-q-l-w F-¶ \-n-e-¡-v C-¯-c-w A-S-n-Ø-m-\ h-n-j-b-§-f-n-te-¡-v h-f-c-m-\-p-Å c-m-{ã-o-b D-Å-S-¡-w KÄ-^-n-se k-w-L-S-\-IÄ-¡-v D-ï-m-b-n-«-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ {]-h-m-k-h-p-w {]-h-m-k-n-b-p-w F-¶-p-w H-tc A-h-Ø-b-nÂ X-s¶ Fc-n-ª-S-§-m³ h-n-[-n -¡-s¸-«-h-c-m-b-n-c-n¡-p-w. A-tX-m-sS-m¸-w H-m-tc-m KÄ-^-p-I-m-c-\-p-w A-h-sâ D-]-t`-m-K-¯-n-e-p-w P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-e-m-sI-b-p-w ]-p-\À \-n-Àh-N-n-t¡-ï ]-mT-a-m-W-v ]-m³-U-a-n-I-v ]-IÀ-¶-sX-¶-v A-t±-l-w D-WÀ-¯-p-¶-p-ï-v. c-n-k-m-e-¡-p-w a-p-k-^À A-lva-Z-n-\-p-w k-t´-m-j-§Ä.

a-p-l-½-Z-v- a-p-k-v-X-^ F-w sI

Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters


-- -c-n-k-m-e ssh-I-p-¶-p

c-n-k-m-e-b-p-sS H-c-p Ø-n-c-w h-c-n-¡-m-c³ F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ H-m-tc-m e-¡-¯-n-\-p-w th-ï-n h-f-sc B-th-i-t¯-m-sS-b-m-W-v I-m-¯-n-c-n-¡-m-d-v. ]-p-X-n-b k-m-l-N-c-y-w I-m-c-W-w ]-p-k-v-X-I c-q-]-¯-nÂ e-`-n-¡-m-¯-X-n-sâ h-n-j-a-h-p-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ C-u-b-n-sS-b-m-b-n c-n-k-m-e h-f-sc ssh-I-n-b-m-W-v I-n-«-p-¶-X-v. A-t\-z-j-n-¨-t¸-m-g-m-W-v, F-\-n-¡-v A-b-¨-p-X-c-m³ ssh-I-n-b-X-Ã C-d-§-m³ X-s¶ sse-ä-m-I-p-¶-X-m-sW-¶-v A-d-n-ª-X-v. c-n-k-m-e a-p-S-§-m-sX X-c-p-¶ k-p-l-r-¯-n-t\-m-S-v R-m³ ]-d-ª-t¸-mÄ A-t±-l-a-m-W-v t\-c-n-«-v C-§-s\-sb-m-c-p {]-X-n-I-c-W-w A-b-¨-mÂ a-X-n F-¶-p ]-d-ª-X-v. ]-©-m-b-¯-v C-e-£-\-p-w I-g-n-ª-m-W-v A-S-n-¯-«-v h-n-I-k-\-s¯ I-p-d-n-s¨-m-s¡ h-m-b-n-¨-X-v. a-p-¼-m-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ H-¶-v I-q-S-n {]-m-[-m-\-y-h-p-w {]-N-m-c-h-p-w D-ï-m-I-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-v tX-m-¶-n. G-sd-¡-p-sd te-J-\-§-f-p-w h-m-b-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-m-f-m-W-v. D-Å-S-¡-h-p-w h-n-j-b ssh-h-n-[-y-h-p-w ̀ -m-j-b-p-w \-¶-m-I-m-d-p-ï-v. k-q-N-n-¸-n-¨-X-nÂ a-d-p-s¯-m-¶-p-w h-n-N-m-c-n-¡-n-sÃ-¶ {]-X-o-£-tb-m-sS.

-A-_-q ̂ -m-¯-n-a sX-¡-p-w-a-p-d-n

Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters


Pravasi Risala Monthly, Students’ CentreCalicut-4 RNI No : KERMAL/2010/32004

Documents

ബിസിനസ്[email protected], +971 561133944. distributors: uae-thouseel distributions. saudi-the new national. publishers al khobar.bahrain-al ayam press publishing