Aarhat Publication & Aarhat Journal’s INTERNATIONAL...Dr.S.V.Suktankar Mr.Sidhesh G.Girodkar 80-88 12 Corporate Social Responsibility And Empowerment Of Bhil Tribes Of Nandurbar

Aarhat Publication & Aarhat Journal’s

AARHAT MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERNATIONAL

EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL

Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Research Journal

ISSN- 2278-5655

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Impact Factor: 5.18

UGC Approved Journal No 48178, 48818

Vol VII

Special Issues No X

Chief Editor

Dr.D.N.Valvi

Journal On

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Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly International Print/online Peer Reviewed Journal

ISSN- 2278-5655

Vol VII Special Issues No X

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From the Managing Trustee Desk

Dr.R.A.Shinde

Secretary and Managing Trustee

CSIBER Trust’s ,Kolhapur

Business exist to do much more than earn money, they exist to solve social and

environmental problems. The business houses today are actively involved in community

development and environment preservation projects. CSR programmes must be relevant

to local, national and global context. The CSR activities are based on global

sustainable goals, being implemented in close coordination with government, NGO’s

and stakeholders.

The national seminar on CSR and community development had an overwhelming

response from academicians and researchers from all over the country. The theme was

very apt and disenable today. I congratulate the organizers and all the committee

member involves in successful organization of the seminar.

I hope the contributions from the researcher scholars published in the journal will pave

way to sustainable CSR activities in future and enhancing the CSR participation by the

business.

From The Director desk

Dr.M.M.Ali

Director

Chh.Shahu Institute of Business Edcuation and Research (CSIBER) ,Kolhapur

It is important that CSR has become prominent not only in academic world but also in

business world. The companies are now taking CSR more seriously because they have

understood that it is a key to success and competitive advantage.

I congratulate Social Work Department and all organizing members for successful

organization the National Seminar on CSR and community Development at our Institute

in association with ICSSR, Mumbai.

I am pleased to note that the research papers presented during the national seminar

will be published in the online journal ‘Aarhat Multidisciplinary International

Education Research Journal (AMIERJ)’. I wish all the best to the paper presenters

and participants of the National Seminar.

Message from Head, Dept of Social Work

Dr.S.V.Shirol

HOD, Social Work Dept,CSIBER,Kolhapur

I appreciate the team spirit of MSW faculty members in organizing the two day

National Seminar on corporate social responsibility and community development,

sponsored by Western Regional Centre, Indian Council of Social Science Research

(ICSSR). The event was held at CSIBER, Kolhapur on 23rd

and 24th

Feb 2018.It was one

of the best events of the year 2018. The participants were from various discipline like

Commerce, Management, Social Work and Library and information Science etc. There

were conceptual and empirical papers focusing on issues related to the corporate social

responsibility and community development which are inevitable components of

sustainable social development. A movement towards corporate social responsibility

and community development activities becomes more legitimate when it in founded by

social consensus within organization and the Socio - economic value system of the

society at large.

Once again I congratulate all the faculties and research scholars for sharing their

research article ‘Aarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal

(AMIERJ)’.

Message by Convener and Chief Editor

Dr.D.N.Valvi

Faculty, Social Work Dept, CSIBER, Kolhapur

With businesses focusing on generating profits, Corporate and multinationals are also

urged to play a vital role towards sustainable community development through their

mandated responsibilities under the section 135 of the Indian Companies Act 2013.

Companies are now expected to perform well even in nonfinancial areas such as human

rights, business ethics, environmental policies, corporate contributions, corporate

governance, workplace issues and community development.

CSR represents "the integrity with which a company governs itself, fulfills its mission,

lives by its values, engages with its stakeholders, measures its impact and reports on its

activities".

This Journal contains notable and significant contributions from research scholars;

academicians, industry representatives and students from diverse fields. This special

issue of Aarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal (AMIERJ)

dedicated to Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Development seminar

provides a potential answer to the sort of external help that can give rise to the social

responsibilities of the corporate houses which are actively involved in the community

development.

The successful completion of this Journal special issue would not have been possible

without the strong and continuous motivation and encouragement by the Dr. R.A.Shinde

Managing Trustee, CSIBER Trust, Dr. M.M.Ali Director CSIBER Institute,

Dr.S.V.Shirol, HoD Dept of Social Work, Dr. K Pradeep kumar and Dr. TVG Sarma.

It will be inapt if our team members don’t receive the recognition they deserve. I thank

all the Organizing Committee members Dr.B.N.Patil, Dr.D.M.Bhosale, Dr.

P.S.Randive, Dr.S.S.Apate, Dr.S.P.Rajput and Dr.K.N.Ranbhare, Administrative-

Support staff, Paper contributors, students for toiling hard to make this Seminar a

success and bringing this special Issue of Journal in yours hands.

Aarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal (AMIERJ)

A Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal UGC Approved Journal No 48178, 48818 Impact Factor 5.18 ISSN 2278-5655

I

VOL VII SPECIAL ISSUES X

INDEX

Sr.No Paper Name Author Name Page No

1 Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study

Of Jaybharat Foundation, Belagavi

Mrs. Shailaja Hiremath

Mr. Niteshvernekar

Dr. S.G Chiniwar

1-14

2 A Case Study On Benefits And Activities Of

Corporate Social Responsibility Of Vedanta Ltd

Ms. Ajita Harmalkar

Ms. Suchita Parab.

Ms. Trupti Gaonkar

15-21

3 CSR : SMES Responsible Behaviour Towards

Sustainability

Mrs. Pushpa Kashi

Dr.Sarang Bhola 22-24

4 Women Empowerment Through Corporate

Social Responsibility

Kamble C.N.

25-29

5

A Case Study On CSR Activities Of

Automobile Corporation Of Goa Ltd With

Special Refference To Education

Dr. S.V.Sukthankar

Mr. Manoj Gaude 30-39

6 Corporate Social Responsibility And

Sustainable Development In India Prof. Vijay M. Ghuble 40-47

7 CSR Bond Of Relationship With Stakeholders

Mr. Anantkumar

Mr. Vishwanath Pol

Mr. Munkir Mujawar

48-51

8 CSR And Reforestation: It’s Now Or Never Mr. Dawood Dastageer

Nagarchi 52-59

9 Corporate Social Responsibility: Emerging

Trends And Challenges In India

Dr.Allam Joseph

Mr. Praveen Kumar 60-71

10 Women Empowerment – A CSR Initiative Of

Mineral Foundation Of Goa

Dr.S.V.Sukthankar

Mr.Prashant K. Adkonkar 72-79

11

A Case Study On Corporate Social Responsibily

(CSR) Of Vedanta Limited With Special

Reference To Sports

Dr.S.V.Suktankar

Mr.Sidhesh G.Girodkar

80-88

12

Corporate Social Responsibility And

Empowerment Of Bhil Tribes Of Nandurbar

District, Maharashtra

Prof. Madan Jahangir

Padvi 88-96

13 New Skill Development Policy ‘Skill India’

－Possibility And Issues

Dr. Kukund M. Mundargi

Mr. Santosh D Chippadi 97-103

14


Community Development- A Compilation Of

Successful Cases From The CSR Interventions

Of TVS SST

R.Sankara Narayanan

Dr.T.Babu 104-111

II

VOL VII SPECIAL ISSUES VIII

www.aarhat.com / www.aef.edu.in/abs

15 Corporate Social Responsibility And Social

Activities In Goa

Ms.Yanita.C.Palkar

112-117

16 Corporate Social Responsibility Skills Of

Teacher Students

Dr.Naik Tarsing B.

118-120

17 Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility In

Higher Education

Dr.Venu Gopal Rao

Chowdary

Dr.G.Vijaya Krishna

121-129

18 The 10 Companies With Best CSR Reputations Mr. Sujit Baburao Chavan 130-134

19 Community Perception Towards Corporate

Social Responsibility For Development

Ms. Ajita Harmalkar

Ms. Susmita Gaude 135-141

20

A Study On Corporate Social Responsibilities

Of Mineral Foundation Of Goa With respect To

Environment, Health And Agriculture

Mr. Amble Gaonkar

Mr. Nayana Varak

142-146

21 Corporate Social Responsibility And Rural

Development A Case Study Of Hindalco

Mr. Dhavaleshwar C U

Dr. Swadi S Y 147-158

22 CSR And Health, Education And Sanitation Mrs. Manju Saxena 159 -168

23

A Study On The Sustainable Livelihood For

Primitive Vulnerable Tribal Plantation Labours

In Tamil Nadu: A CSR Initiative By The

United Tea Estate Company Limited

G.M.Gowri Lakshmi

Dr. C.Esther Buvana

169 -177

24 Corporate Social Responsibility, Issues And

Challenges

Meenakshi D/O Laxman

Rao 178 -185

25 Global Research Output Of Corporate Social

Responsibility Research: A Scientometric Study

Mr. A.Muthuraj

Mr. G.M.Gowri Lakshmi

186 -192

26 Mobile Healthcare Units (MHUS) Of Helpage

India: A Best CSR Practice.

Rajesh Kumar.M.D.

193-201

27 Corporate Social Responsibility – Issues And

Challenges Of Community Participation

Ms. Pratibha B Pagar

202 -207

28 Role Of CSR In Empowering Women Chintha Ravi

208 -214

29 Sustainability And CSR Through Green Supply

Chain Management Miss. Arati Shital Zirale 215 -222

30

Initiatives Of Women And Child Development

Department Of Maharashtra Government For

Women Empowerment Through CSR

Activities

Prof. Manisha P. Shukla 223 -230

31 Corporate Social Responsibility And Skill

Development

Mrs. Sneha C Jasud

231-239



III


32 CSR Practices Towards Green Accounting With

Reference To Selected SME’s In Vijayapur City

Mr. Prashant Hakkapakki

Mr. Mallikarjun M. Maradi

240 -252

33 Corporate Social Responsibility And

Community Development

Mr. Sandip Vasant Patil

253-259

34


Sustainable Development Through Hospitality

Industry In Vijayapur

Mr. Sachin Raju Halajole

Mr Mallikarjun M. Maradi

260-271

35 Good Governance ,Health Care & Skill

Development

Mrs. Rajput Sheela S.

272-274

36 A Multidimensional Implications of CSR

Practices In India: A Literature Review Revati R. Patil 275 - 284

37

A study of student’s perception towards CSR

with special reference to Post Graduate students

of Kolhapur

Ms.Anuradha Gaikwad

Ms. Bhakti Bhadra 285 - 297



1


CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A CASE STUDY OF JAYBHARAT

FOUNDATION, BELAGAVI

Mrs. Shailaja Hiremath

Assistant Professor, KLS Institute of Management Education and Research, Belagavi

Mr. NiteshVernekar

CSR Officer, Jaybharat Foundation, Belagavi

Dr. S.G Chiniwar

ProfessorandDirector, KLS Institute of Management Education and Research, Belagavi

Correspondence: 77, Vadagaon Road, Hindwadi, Belagavi-590011

ABSTRACT

Many business houses in India like Tata and Birla, are known for their philanthropic contribution towards

the needs of the society. As per the Company Act 2013, corporate social responsibility in India has been

made mandatory. The companies which are covered under the Act, are mandated to spend 2% of net profit to

support initiatives that improve the lives of underprivileged by one or more of the focus areas as notified

under Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013 and Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy)

Rules 2014. The focus areas include education, health, rural development, skill development and so on.

Considering the above developments, authors have made an attempt to capture the journey of Jay bharat

Foundation, a new venture and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) wing of Ashok Iron Works, the

largest foundry group in Belagavi, in the state of Karnataka in India. Authors present the CSR engagements

of Jaybharat foundation with the community since its inception. Foundation is contributing significantly in

the area of education, health and rural development in and nearby villages of Belagavi. The paper

systematically analyses the CSR model adopted by the foundation. The approach of Jaybharat Foundation is

to enhance the partnership with various stakeholders so that the CSR initiatives become sustainable in

future. The study also examines the challenges and opportunities faced by the foundation to successfully

identify, design, implement and evaluate the impact of CSR initiatives.

Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR Model, Stakeholder Partnership Corporate Social

Responsibility: A case study of Jaybharat Foundation, Belagavi

INTRODUCTION

Numerous studies have been conducted by many researchers on Corporate Social Responsibility

and the topic is progressing since 1950 as stated by Carroll, (2016).1European Union (EU) describes

CSR as ―the concept that an enterprise is accountable for its impact on all relevant stakeholders. It

is the continuing commitment by business to behave fairly and responsibly, and contribute to

2


www.aarhat.com / www.siberindia.edu.in

economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as

well as of the local community and society at large1…‖CSR has grown significantly as a concept in

academics and industry as well.It has found a place in the corporate board rooms all over the world

including India. The companies are being measured for their values through CSR endeavors that

contribute towards social development.

Social Responsibility has been prevalent in Indian society since ages. Voluntary participation by

business organizations in improving the conditions of the society is challenging in today‘s

competitive environment. Presently in India, there is an emphasis on creating policy environment to

enhance CSR by encouraging increased participation by corporates. The Ministry of Corporate

Affairs, Government of India has recently notified the Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013

along with Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014 and other notifications

related thereto which makes CSR mandatory with effect from 1st April, 2014.The companies on

whom the provisions of the CSR is applicable are contained in Sub Section 1 of Section 135 of the

Companies Act, 2013. As per the said section, the companies having net worth of INR 500 crore or

more; or turnover of INR 1000 crore or more; or net profit of INR 5 crore or more during any

financial year are required to constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee.

Considering the above developments, authors have made an attempt to capture the journey of

Jaybharat Foundation, a new venture and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) wing of Ashok

Iron Group, the largest foundry group in Belagavi, in the state of Karnataka in India.

About Ashok Iron Group

2The Ashok Iron Group was established in the year 1974 by a visionary leader Mr. Ashok

Humbarwadi. The group has grown over past four decades to become one of India's finest and fully

integrated casting & machining set up. The Ashok Iron Group has foundries and machine shops that

add value by machining the castings manufactured to fully finished condition.

The group has 3 foundries with the capacity of 75000 Tons of casting per annum and 6 machining

plants to manufacture 6, 00,000 parts per annum with the employee strength of 2500. The group

manufacturesiron castings required forIndustrial Engines with applications in Power Generation,

Mining, Construction, Marine, Locomotive, Farm Equipment, Automotive, Compressors and so on.

The customers of Ashok Iron group include Cummins, Caterpillar, Mahindra, Escorts, AtlasCopco

and many such well-known companies.

About Jaybharat Foundation

"Jaybharat Foundation" wasregistered under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act



3


1960(Karnataka Act 17 of 1960) on 2nd

March 2016.The CSR committee formulated by the

foundation is headed by the President and the Directorsappointedas required by the CSR rules. The

President of the foundation is Mr. Jayant Humbarwadi. Mr. NiteshVernekar is the CSR officer. The

CSR Committee constituted in pursuance of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, is carrying

out the following activities:

Formulate a CSR Policy, which will recommend the CSR activities to be undertaken

Recommend the amount of expenditure to be incurred on the activities

Monitor the CSR Policy of the company from time to time.

The purpose of the foundation is to build sustainable communities and to create a social impact for

the well-being of society. The CSR committee of the foundation has chosen the core areas for social

impact as education, community development and health.

Jaybharat Foundation believes that CSR is not merely compliance but it is a commitment to support

initiatives that measurably improve the lives of underprivileged in the focus areas as notified in the

CSR policy.

CSR Models adopted by Jaybharat Foundation to operationalize the initiatives.

Model 1.

Model 2

Jaybharat Foundation believes in involving various stakeholders, in all activities, starting from

designing CSR activities to delivering the same. The philosophy behind the thought of stakeholder

inclusion is to make CSR as a sustainable and impactful practice rather than an event. Jaybharat

foundation invited a leading management institution in Belagavi,Karnatak Law Society‘s Institute

of Management Education and Research, to study the scope for CSR activities in the nearby

villages of Belagavi city. Mrs. Shailaja Hiremath*, (author of this paper) was involved in the

preliminary field study conducted in Santibastwad village along with Mr. Nitesh Vernekar, CSR

4



officer (co-author of this paper) of the foundation, during May and June 2016. The foundation has

also partnered with few of the NGOs, various Government departments like Village Panchayat

Office, Forest department etc. to execute CSR activities.

Series of discussions took place to arrive at the activities that really benefit the community. The

methodology used to gather data during field study was interaction with Panchayat Development

Officer (PDO), locals, Government school Principals, field observation and secondary data

provided by PDO. Appendix shows the information about the Santibastwad village, which was used

to plan CSR activities. The findings of the study are as listed below:

1. Sanitation isa major concern in Santibastwad village. There is a scope to construct toilets in

Government Schools to start with. Cost of constructing one toilet will be approximately Rs.

25,000/- to Rs. 30, 000/-.

2. Government School may be taken up for upgrading infrastructure facility like providing

Computer/ Smart Class/Clean Water facilities with an approximate cost of Rs. 1,00,000/-

3. Computer training can be arranged for teachers of Government school once smart class is

planned for the school.

4. There is a scope to renovate Primary Health Sub Centre and villagers are demanding for

availability of doctor as only one nurse is available for medical treatment.

5. Villagers are depending on Kinaye Primary health Centre run in association with Jawaharlal

NehruMedical College, Belagavi.

6. There is a need to construct compound wall for Primary Health Sub Centre. Building is in a

very shabby condition. Medical equipment can be procured for the Centre.

7. One ambulance with driver can be provided to the village as there is no emergency service

available in the village.

8. Water shortage was acute because of less rains in the last two years. Construction of

well/Bore well/water tank is a possibility as PDO assured cooperation in this regard.

9. Rainy season witnesses diseases like Dengue, Malaria and Cholera in Santibastwad. There is

a scope for arranging health camps.

Based on the findings and subsequent discussions, the CSR activities were planned and successfully

executed. 4The details of the activities have been explained in this paper.

Education being the first focus area, foundation is working towards the following objective:

To provide education and develop skills and competencies to improve the employability of

youth.



5


To accomplish the objective, the Foundation has come up with an Industrial Training Institute

named Jaybharat Industrial Training Centre Udyambag, Belagavi. It is a great opportunity to the

rural youth to seek quality education for developing their skills and making a career. The trades

offered at ITI are Foundrymen, Machinist, Mechatronics and Tool and Die Maker. The trades have

been chosen considering the employment opportunities especially in foundries as Belagavi is one of

the Foundry cluster in India with more than 100 foundries. The institute has a capacity of 21

students per trade. The total intake capacity is 79 Students per year.

To work towards Community Development, the second focus area of CSR, the foundation has

stated the following objectives:

Develop local communities by providing the basic infrastructure like water, sanitation, hygiene

etc., for the overall well-being and growth of the communities.

Support self-employment activities like Tailoring, Handicraft, Embroidery, etc.

The Foundation stepped forward to develop the infrastructure and fulfill the basic requirement of 2

government schools in the rural area, Santibastwad near Belagavi. The project consisted of

construction of 2 toilets, 1 water tank of 1000 litres, providing Cooking Utensils, Commercial

filters, Sport material, Computer systems to each school.

The Foundation has supported Moraji Desai Residential School, Santibastwad by Donating Digital

e-learning System for the improving the learning effectiveness of the students. The Event was

chaired by Mr. Ashok Paranjape, Jaybharat Foundation, Belagavi at Moraji Desai Residential

School, Santibastwad, Belagavi.The Foundation has extended a supporting hand to Rotary club of

Belgaum (South) by Donating Computers to Government School No. 14. Vadagoan, Belagavi.

As per the most recent swachhta status report in 2015, more than half of the rural population (52.1

percent) of the country still defecates in open. Eliminating Open Defecation in India by 2nd

October

2019, the 150th

birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, is one of the key aims of the Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan movement launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Santibastwad is a village of 5000 people situated about 10 kilometers from central Belagavi. The

people are mainly engaged in agriculture and working in nearby industrial factories. A function was

organized by Jaybharat Foundation with the support of the Gram Panchayat, Santibastwad to

inaugurate the Rural Community Development program. The foundation has supported the

construction of 50 toilets to the individual homes in Collaboration with the Gram Panchayat of

Santibastwad with objective to achieve Outside Defecation Free under Swachh Bharat Mission. The

6



foundation has supported the toilet construction to 50 beneficiaries in the Santibastwad Village and

successfully achieved the zero outside defecation.

Health is the third focus area on which, the foundation is keen to contribute for the

betterment of the society with the following objective:

To provide support to the society to have healthy life by way of creating awareness,

preventive care, checkup, medicines etc.

A Health Camp was conducted in Santibastwad village with the support of the Rotary Club of

Belagavi. A team of 12 persons comprising of Doctors and Volunteers checked the heath condition

of people pertaining to gynecological, pediatric, ophthalmology, and surgical services etc., Doctors

helped to create medical records of patients and provided medicines for more than 500 persons free

of cost. Based on the health checkup broad based health interventions will be provided in the future

for the well-being of the people.

3The sub-centre is the peripheral outpost of the Indian healthcare system. One sub centre caters to

the healthcare needs of 5000 population in general and 3000 population in hilly, tribal and

backward areas. It consist of 1 female health worker – Auxiliary nurse midwife, 1 male health

worker – Multipurpose worker & Voluntary worker to help the Auxiliary nurse midwife.

The existing Sub health centre at Santibastwad, Belagavi has been renovated so that it can be

effectively used for medical support to the people. This centre serves to 5000 population of

Santibastwad village and surrounding. The centre was renovated with fencing, pavers, painting,

electrical and civil work.

The foundation took initiation to organise Dengue Vaccination Program for the residents of

Santibastwad in Belagavi. Dr. Rajani Mishra (M.D) and her team were successfully able to

vaccinate 5000 people. The vaccine procured was of best standards from Germany. The doctors

created awareness on cleanliness and guided them with precaution to be taken for avoiding such

diseases during the camp.

The Foundation supported Ms. SimranGundalkar from Swimmers Club Belagavi, who was selected

to participate in the World Dwarf Games -2017, held from 4th August to 12th August 2017 in

Canada. The Foundation donated towards supporting and encouraging differently abled persons to

integrate with the society.

The Foundation supported Mr. Pratap Kalkundrikar from Belagavi, who was selected to participate

in the Mr. World Bodybuilding Championship held from 29 November to 05 December 2016 in

Pattaya, Thailand. He participated in the Senior Men Body Building category, selected by the



7


Indian Body Builders Federation. The foundation is actively supporting and encouraging sports.

Other Community Development initiatives undertaken by Jaybharat Foundation:

The project undertaken by the Jaybharat Foundation was the water supply to various areas around

Macche. The Foundation took up the project and successfully provided 1,40,000 litres of water to

areas like Hawal Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar, Datta Nagar, Bamanwadi, etc. from the date 18th May to

7 th June‘2016.

The Foundation has undertaken the project of sapling plantation as an initiation towards

development of the area in Santibastwad, Belagavi. The Foundation planted 50 Saplings in the

Government School premises, Santibastwad

The Foundation extended support to Shree BasaveshwaraGrameenAbhiruddhi Sangha, Hunchanatti,

Belagavi for development of community hall.

Jaybharat foundation is planning many such activities, which will improve the lives of the people.

Opportunities forJaybharat foundation in terms of CSR initiatives

Scope of CSR activities in the area of Education:

Support to Technical /Vocational Institutions

Financial assistance to Primary, Middle and Higher Secondary Schools.

Awareness Programmes on girl education.

Counseling of parents regarding their children education

Provide fees for a period of one year or more to the poor and meritorious, students of the

school in the nearby geographical area

Scope of CSR activities in the area of water supply and water conservation

Installation/Repair of Hand Pumps/Tube Wells.

Digging/Renovation of Wells.

Programmes on gainful utilization of waste water

Development/construction of Water Tank/Ponds.

Rain water-harvesting scheme.

Formation of a Task Force of employee Volunteers to educate people regarding proper

storage and use of drinking water.

Scope of CSR activities for JBF in the area of Health

Organizing and health awareness Camps in association with doctors/hospitals/de addiction

centers

Eradication of Social evils like alcohol, smoking, drug abuse etc.

8



Child and Mother care

Diet and Nutrition.

Blood donation camps.

Diabetics detection & Hypertension Camps

Family Welfare.

Health camps for Senior Citizen

Fully equipped Mobile Medical Vans.

To supplement the programmes of Local/State Authorities.

Challenges and issues facing Jaybharat foundation

The first and the foremost challenge is to make the CSR programmes sustainable. This requires the

involvement of the community that the foundation has identified to work with. Apart from being

beneficiaries, the community members must join hands with the foundation to own the initiative, be

it on education, health or community development. Planning CSR initiatives in line with

government programmes is tricky as it leads to execution problem due to programme ownership.

The second challenge is to periodically assess the impact of the CSR initiatives.

Satisfaction/opinion surveys can help to know the impact, but the survey result will have its

limitation to capture the impact. The authors leave the readers to think about the solution to

challenges and issues and to explore the solution to challenges and issues faced by the foundation.

The scope for future research that authors recommend is to work on the CSR model which can be

scalable in terms of its operation and impact on society.

Conclusion

The case provides insights on development in CSR policy in India and the journey of Jaybharat

Foundation since March 2016. India will witness the rise of CSR in days to come, due to change in

the policy framework.

Appendix

5The statistics of Santibastawad village near Belagavi city, Karnataka,as collected by the

author*

Name No of

Households

Total Population

Person

Total Population

Male

Total Population

Female

Santibastawad 1270 5688 2849 2839

Literates Literates Literates Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate



9


Population Person Population Male Population Female Persons Male Female

3454 1958 1496 2234 891 1343

Total Worker Population

Person

Total Worker

Population Male

Total Worker Population

Female

2553 1611 942

Education facilities Available

Number of primary schools 4

Number of middle schools 2

Number of secondary schools 1

Number of senior secondary schools 0

Number of colleges 0

College available within range More than 10

KMS

Number of adult literacy

class/Centre‘s 0

Number of industrial schools 0

Number of training schools 0

Number of other educational schools 0

10



Medical facilities Available

Number of allopathic hospitals 0

Allopathic hospitals available within range More than 10 Kms

Number of ayurvedic hospitals 0

Number of unani hospital 0

Number of homeopathic hospital 0

Number of allopathic dispensary 0

Number of ayurvedic dispensary 0

Number of unani dispensary 0

Number of homeopathic dispensary 0

Number of maternity and child welfare Centre 0

Maternity and child welfare Centre available

within range More than 10 Kms

Number of maternity home

Number of child welfare Centre 0

Number of health Centre 0

Number of primary health Centre 0

Primary health Centre available within range Between 5 Kms and 10 Kms

Number of primary health sub Centre 1

Number of family welfare Centre 0

Number of T.B. clinic 0

Number of nursing home 0

Number of registered private medical 3



11


practitioners

Number of subsidised medical practitioners 0

Number of community health workers 0

Number of other medical facilities 0

Drinking water facilities

Drinking water facilities Available

Tap water Yes

Well water Exact number not available

Tank water -

Tube well water -

Hand pump Available

River water -

Canals -

Lakes -

Spring -

Other drinking water sources -

Post, telegraph and telephone facilities

Post, telegraph and phone facilities Available

Number of post office 1

Number of telegraph office 1

Number of post and telegraph office 1

Number of telephone connections 72

12



Communication facilities

Communication facilities Yes

Bus services Yes

Railways services -

Railway service available within range More than 10 Kms

Navigable water way including river, canal etc. -

Navigable water way available within range More than 10 Kms

Banking facilities

Banking facilities Not available

Number of commercial bank 0

Commercial bank available within range More than 10 Kms

Number of Co-operative commercial bank 0

Co-operative bank available within range More than 10 Kms

Credit societies

Credit societies facilities Available

Number of agricultural credit societies 1

Number of nonagricultural credit societies 0

Available within range Within 5 Kms

Number of other credit societies 1

Recreational and cultural facilities

Recreational and cultural facilities Not available

Number of cinema/video-hall 0



13


Cinema / video-hall available within range More than 10 Kms

Number of sports club 0

Sports club available range Between 5 Kms and 10 Kms

Number of stadium/auditorium 0

Stadium /auditorium available within range Between 5 Kms and 10 Kms

Approach to villages

Approach paved roads Available

Approach mud roads Available

Approach foot path No information

Approach - navigable river No information

Approach - navigable canal No information

Approach - navigable water-way other than river

or canal No information

Nearest town BELGAUM

Distance from the nearest town (in kilometer(s)) 11

Power supply

Power supply facilities Available

Electricity for domestic use Available

Electricity of agricultural use Available

Electricity of other purposes Available

Electricity for all purposes Available

News paper/magazine

News paper/magazine facilities Available

14



Newspaper Available

Magazine Not available

References

Carroll, A. B. (2016). Carroll‘s pyramid of CSR: taking another look. International Journal of

Corporate Social Responsibility (2016) 1:3, Pg. 1-8 (Accessed through Jgate-

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs40991-016-0004-6)

Web References

1. http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Government-and-Public-Sector-Corporate-

Social-Responsibility-in-India/$File/EY-Corporate-Social-Responsibility-in-India.pdf

2. http://ashokiron.com/

3.https://data.gov.in/catalog/number-sub-centres-primary-health-centres-and-community-health-

centres-established-during

4. Jaybharat Foundation Report

5.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.

aspx

http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Government-and-Public-Sector-Corporate-%20%20%20%20%20Social-Responsibility-in-India/$File/EY-Corporate-Social-Responsibility-in-India.pdf

http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Government-and-Public-Sector-Corporate-%20%20%20%20%20Social-Responsibility-in-India/$File/EY-Corporate-Social-Responsibility-in-India.pdf

http://ashokiron.com/

https://data.gov.in/catalog/number-sub-centres-primary-health-centres-and-community-health-centres-established-during

https://data.gov.in/catalog/number-sub-centres-primary-health-centres-and-community-health-centres-established-during

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.as





15


A CASE STUDY ON BENEFITS AND ACTIVITIES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY OF VEDANTA LTD

Ms. Ajita Harmalkar

Assistant professor in commerce

Ms. Suchita Parab. Ms. Trupti Gaonkar

Student Mcom, Part-I, Student M.com, Part – I,

Post Graduate Department of commerce,

Govt. College of Arts, science, & commerce

Khandola, Marcela- Goa

Email id: [email protected] Email id: [email protected]

contact:9049541328 contact:9049207680

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility is becoming more important in today‟s world. Every business and other

organization are adopting and promoting the corporate social responsibility worldwide. Corporate Social

Responsibility in practice done by balancing the economical, environmental and social aspects of its

operations by doing something for society in return. In the development of any state or nation, development of

any infrastructure has its own place. Vedanta Company is engaged in exploration, mining and processing of

iron ore and provides various corporate social responsibility activities. The present paper highlights the

corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by Vedanta Ltd. and how it is benefited the society. The

required data is collected from secondary sources and by interviewing the company's officials. The present

study will be useful to the public to know contribution of Vedanta Ltd. towards corporate social responsibility

for community development.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Community, Infrastructure, Vedanta, health.

Introduction

The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been started since 1950s. The present- day

CSR (also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business and corporate

social opportunity) is a concept whereby business organizations consider the interest of society by

taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees,

shareholders, communities, and environment. This obligation shows that the organization have to

voluntarily take initiatives to improve the life of their employees, families, as well as local

community and society at large. Every business and other organization are adopting the Corporate

16



Social Responsibility worldwide. Corporate social responsibility refers to Strategies Corporation or

firms conduct their business in a way that is ethical and society friendly. Corporate social

responsibility include such as working in partnership with local communities, developing

relationships with employees, customers and their families. Adopting Corporate Social

Responsibility company gain trust and loyalty from the customer and employees. In today‘s world

company have close contact with their relative nation and they diversified their business accordingly.

The term Corporate Social Responsibility gives a chance to all the employees of an organization to

contribute towards the society. Every business has its own different culture, operation, size of the

business, location. By providing corporate social responsibility it improved quality of life and

changed habits of the employee in the organization. Corporate Social Responsibility is a very broad

concept that addresses many areas such as human rights, corporate governance, health and safety,

environmental effects, working conditions and contributing to economic development.

Significance

We have record that Sesa Goa Ltd. (now Vedanta ltd.) has been undertaking various social

responsibility activities over the last few decades. So much even before introduction of companies‘

act 2013 they used to undertake the CSR activities. Keen interest of ours to study the how Vedanta

undertakes the infrastructure and health related activities towards their community. We washed to

highlight the activities of infrastructure and health as a part of CSR activities of Vedanta.

Objectives

The objective of the research paper is to study the corporate social responsibility activities

undertaken by Vedanta Ltd. and how it is benefited to the society.

Research methodology

Sample of the study: Vedanta ltd.

Method of data collection

Primary data: The primary data was collected by personally visiting the company and having

discussion with the Corporate Social Responsibility officials of the company.

Secondary data: The secondary data has been collected from the books, annual reports and

various data published on the website.

Period of study

Data analysis and interpretation: The data so collected was processed against the theoretical

background to arrive at conclusion and to provide meaningful suggestion

Scope



17


The geographical scope of the paper is contized to mining belt of Goa. The topical scope focuses on

study in CSR activities with reference to Infrastructure and Health. The analytical scope covers

fulfillment of objectives and functional scope continued to offering suggestions.

Limitation

The required historical data is collected only from the annual report of Vedanta ltd. and hence

sorters from the limitations inherent there in.

The required information is made available orally and sorters from the limitations of

authenticity.

Company Profile

Scambi Economici SA Goa, now known as Sesa Goa, was established 1954. Sesa Goa, the largest

exporter of iron ore in the private sector, is a flagship company of the Sesa Group. Sesa Goa is

India‘s largest producer and exporter of iron ore in the private sector and is on course to be in the

league of top four iron ore producing companies in the world. Apart from iron ore it also produces

pig iron and metallurgical coke. The mining operations of the company are located in Goa, Karnataka

and Orissa. Its Goa operations consist of two major iron ore mining areas, one in codli village ( in

south Goa District) and the other in Sonshi village ( in north Goa District). Since then, it has grown

to be one among the top low-cost producers of iron ore in the country. During 1991 – 1995, it

diversified into the manufacture of pig iron and metallurgical coke. It has also developed indigenous

and environment – friendly technology for producing high quality metallurgical coke.

The company has a presence across India, South Africa, Namibia, Australia and Ireland. Vedanta

Limited is the Indian subsidiary of Vedanta Resource Plc, a London listed company. Governance and

Sustainable Development are at the core of Vedanta‘s strategy, with a strong focus on health, safety

and environment and on enhancing the lives of local communities. Vedanta ltd firmly believes in

making local people a participant in the growth process of organization and works as a facilitator for

socio economic development of local communities.

Corporate Social Responsibility activities and benefits undertaken by Vedanta Ltd. towards its

community development

Vedanta Ltd. believes that by providing Corporate Social Responsibility Activities towards

community is important in today‘s life but our focus is on infrastructure and health. Overall

Vedanta has spent over 218 INR crore towards community on various activities but after mining

banned they spend less money towards community. Following is the overall spending of Vedanta

towards its community before mining and after mining banned.

18



Table No.1: showing the spending amount (in crore) on before and after mining banned

We observe that ( Table No.1, Graph No.1) we observe that the highest amount spend on Health

and infrastructure on the year 2011-12 is more i.e on health 2.437 crores and on infrastructure is

8.598 crore in this year they have spend more amount on CSR activities before mining banned. In

the year 2009-10 or 2010-11 they have spent less money on CSR activities as compared to 2011-12.

But after mining banned in the year 2013-14 they spend less money as compared to all the four

years.

Infrastructure Development

Vedanta ltd believes that Vedanta Ltd. believes that by providing Corporate Social Responsibility

Activities towards community is important in today‘s life. Some of the initiatives taken by Vedanta

ltd. towards community development are as follows:

Table No 2: showing how much amount spend on infrastructure development

Source: Annual Reports of Vedanta Ltd.

resource

centersbus stop crematorium foot bridge

ganpati

visarjan

platform

underprivile

ged home

roads and

drains

school

projects

Amount Spent (in

Crores)0.6 0.4 0.6 1 2 0.1 1 4

People Benefited 6000 30825 28250 21256 30000 30 3732 10000

Activity



19


Chart No.1: showing how many people are benefited and how much amount spend on activities

From the above chart we observe that the majority of the peoples i.e. 30825 are benefiting from Bus

Stop CSR activities, in the second benefiting CSR activity is Ganapati Visarjan Platform i.e. 30000

peoples are benefiting, in the third benefiting CSR activity is crematorium i.e. 29250 peoples are

benefiting, in the fourth benefiting CSR activity is foot bridge i.e. 21256 peoples are benefiting, in

the fifth benefiting CSR activity is School Project i.e. 10000 people are benefited, in the sixth

benefiting CSR activity is Resource Center i.e. 6000 people are benefited, in the seventh benefiting

CSR activity is Roads and Drains i.e. 3732 people are benefited, in the minority benefiting CSR

activity is under privileged home i.e. 30 peoples are benefited.

Health Facilities

Health plays a very important role in human life. Some of the initiatives of Vedanta towards health

are as follows:

Table No 2: showing how much amount spend on health

Source: Annual Reports of Vedanta Ltd.

Activity People benifited

Health Related

Programme10000

Drishti and vision for

tommorow12223

PediatricNeuro Rehab

Centre 1000

Mobile Health Unit 23769

Community Medical

Centers30000

Celebration of World

Health Day350

20



From the above chart we observed that majority of the people i.e. 30000 are benefiting from this

Community medical centers CSR activity, in the second benefiting CSR activity is mobile health

unit i.e. 23769 people are benefited, in the third benefiting CSR activity is Drishti and vision for

tomorrow i.e. 12223 people are benefited, in the fourth benefiting CSR activity is Health related

programmed i.e. 10000 people are benefited, in the fifth benefiting CSR activity is pediatrics neuro

rehab center i.e. 1000 people are benefited, in the minority benefiting CSR activity is Celebration of

world health day i.e. 350 people are benefited.

Conclusion

Vedanta Company plays very important role toward society and makes the people life easy and

better by providing various corporate social responsibility. For the improvement and development of

the community the company has provided various facilities like roads and drains, resource center,

foot bridge, bus stop, underprivileged home, Ganpati visarjan platform etc. or for good health of the

communities people company provided various health facilities such as Community Medical Centers,

Mobile Health Unit, Pediatric Neuro Rehab Center and other health related programmed. Overall the

company is doing fantastic job towards its community and also put extra effort for the betterment of

the poor people.

FINDINGS

In this case our focus is on infrastructure development there are five resource centers two are in Goa

and three are in outside Goa. The main objective behind this is to provide a common venue for

recreation, cultural and social gatherings. On the other hand they also build bus stop for the local

people in different villages in Goa and this activities are more benefiting to the people. They build

crematorium to the people so that the people can perform last rites with dignity. And they built foot

bridges in many villages. The company has constructed total eight Ganpati Visarjan platforms in

Goa..The main purpose of constructing Ganpati Visarjan Platform is to provide a good Platform for

the villagers at the time immersion of Shri Ganesh Idol. The company has constructed seven

Underprivileged home. Their main objective behind these houses is to provide safe and secure place

and to satisfy their needs of poor families. Company has also provide various equipment for the

school like photo copy machine, library books, benches, furniture, laboratory setup, drinking water

facility and toilets and also constructed school in villages.

Apart from this infrastructure facilities the company has provide many mobile health unit in two

villages and they have also conducted health related programme in villages, community medical

center is the highest benefiting activities to the people, they also celebrated world health day,



21


pediatric neuro rehab center, they have also conducted camp drishti and vision for tomorrow.

SUGGESTIONS

The company should construct and repair the roads of the villages in Goa.

The company should also start the club for the women.

They should more focus on health related programs.

They should visit to village at least twice a month to provide awareness of various diseases.

REFERENCES

www.sesagoaironore.com

Www. vedantaresources.com

www.corporatesocialresponsibility.com

Annual report of Vedanta ltd. 2017

http://www.sesagoaironore.com/

http://www.corporatesocialresponsibility.com/

22



CSR : SMES RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Mrs. Pushpa Kashi*

Dr.Sarang Bhola**

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to investigate understanding of CSR and attitude toward sustainability of small

and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A case study approach is used to investigate the CSR present

scenario, SMEs contribution in economic growth, drivers of CSR activities,barriers in effective

implementation and benefits of CSR for SMEs. Furthermore, the paper argues that SMEs and their CSR

activities are often limited due to a lack of resources and management skills. That‟s why overall CSR impact

on business performance remains paltry. If again willing to do so,it actually becomes a profit-sacrificing

activity.

INTRODUCTION

Social and environmental issues are becoming more important in global and local value chains. The

concept of Corporate Social Responsibility over the years changed depending upon nature and size

of it The changes in social, political, economical and legal environments has. It has been followed

as CSR like charity, development of educational institutions, donations to hospitals and temples.

With respect to human rights and all inclusive development it requires to produce qualitative

products up to the mark of international standards, adherence of laws relating to the business, etc.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) have played a crucial role in India‘s economic growth.

SME‟S CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN ECONOMY

India has the second largest number of SMES in the world, after China,i.e. near to 48 million,

contributing 40% of exports in India. Contribution towards employment remains almost half.

SMES play a critical role in generating millions of jobs, especially at the low-skill level.

SMES have a much wider spread, hence a wider reach across communities. It can be seen that the

geographical reach through SMES is vastly higher than through the larger enterprises.

CSR FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)

The significance of Corporate Social Responsibility is given as a strategy whereby companies

integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their

stakeholders. Further supports that for an organization to be sustainable, it must be financially

secure, minimize (or ideally eliminate) its negative environmental impacts and act in conformity

with societal expectations.(UNIDO website)

Schumacher said, “Small is Beautiful”



23


It becomes important to appreciate interconnection of social and environmental impacts. The two

are related and have to be treated as one by everyone, whether an individual, small enterprise or

large enterprise. There is need of SMEs to realise that CSR is not just about spending money. The

excuse of being small will keep away SMEs from mainstream and will prevent becoming world

class .

It is crucial that India works towards making the smaller enterprises CSR compliant as being

strong engines of economic growth and generators of millions of jobs, especially at the low-skill

level. It will help bring CSR into the mainstream successfully.

UNIDO encourages organisations further that― A properly implemented CSR concept can bring

along a variety of competitive advantages, such as enhanced access to capital and markets,

increased sales and profits, operational cost savings, improved productivity and quality, efficient

human resource base, improved brand image and reputation, enhanced customer loyalty, better

decision making and risk management processes‖.

DRIVERS OF CSR

SMEs can engage with CSR for following reasons:

Not only being providers of goods and services to large companies but can maintain

relations with public as employers as in their own rights.

By nature these are more closer and impersonal to their stakeholders like customers,

employees and neighbours .

Providing incentives to the handful of employees wherein all activities of organisation are

relied can prove responsible labour practices.

Another strong driver is based on a sense of rootedness within a particular community or

geographical location, or other social and cultural norms and expectations of owner-

manager, they are often engaged in philanthropic activities, e.g. donations to local charities

and religious organisations, or sponsorship of cultural or sporting events rather than the core

activities of business.This may prove to be driver for CSR activities getting embodied into

basic business activities.

BARRIERS FACED BY SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Issues around for CSR for SMEs are essentially the same as for larger companies. But CSR

becomes more challenging for smaller businesses as in lack of required skills resources.

Common barriers involved are:

• Absence of motivation

24



• Insufficiency of resources/capabilities

• lack of knowledge regarding local needs

• lack of vision that community involvement can bring sustainable business

• Scarcity of time

• Absence of required know- how of engagement in CSR or inability in finding out suitable

opportunities

BENEFITS TO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Business benefits of CSR are the same for firms of all sizes.. But, small businesses in particular

may be interested in to win contracts from larger businesses being great CSR policy practitioners

and their adherence to certain ethical standards. It provides an enhanced reputation, and lower

long-run costs and enhanced reputation. Following are few more benefits like:

Develops and enhances relationships with suppliers and networks

Wins new business and increases customer retention

Attracts, retains and maintains a happy workforce

Saves money on energy and operating costs and manage risk

Investment and funding opportunities

DISSCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Some of SMEs are untouched by and unaware of mainstream CSR at all,contributing towards the

society at owner manager‘s discretion. Many of them are doing at the other end of supply chain

imposed by large enterprises to meet the global standard wherein the lack of support from the latter.

It needs switching from informal approach towards CSR to more authentic and specific

one(McElhaney, 2007)

In the coming days, SMEs may become main source of large companies operating in developing

countries ,there they will need to work on the theme of CSR agenda and are to be responsible ones

being at other end of business link with their own social and environmental impacts.

References:

Kellie McElhaney, "―Strategic CSR‖," Sustainable Enterprise Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 1, pp.

Pages 1– 3, 2007.

Donald V. and Martin, Patrick R., Moser, "―A Broader Perspective on Corporate Social

Responsibility Research in Accounting‖," The Accounting Review, Volume 87, Number 3, pp.

Pages 797–806, 2012.

Website:www.unido.org



25


WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Kamble C.N.

Asst. Professor

I.M. Law College, Satara

[email protected]

We shall see better days soon and our progress will be greatly accelerated if male education is

persuaded side by side with female education. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

ABSTRACT

Women are central to the entire development process, be it in an individual family, village, province, state

and to the whole nation. Women have maintained the traditional Indian culture since ages. History has

revealed the worsening conditions of women. The endeavors have been made by passing different laws like

corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most prominent concepts. That ensures a improvement in

her status through concept of women empowerment. This paper is aims to explain the role of CSR in

establishing women empowerment. Paper discusses the agenda of women empowerment for social and

financial inclusiveness. The paper identifies the malpractices which deteriorates the status of women in the

society and also shares the role of SHG‟s in establishing women empowerment.

INTRODUCTION

Ages together women have been suffering exploitation and oppression by male counterpart.

Traditionally in India the Manu Smriti, degrade them as slaves, devoid of intellect; denies them the

right of education and the right to property; and forbids them from performing sacrifices. As a

crusader of women and being India‘s first Law minister and chairman of drafting Committee of the

Constituent Assembly, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar thought it appropriate, rather his duty, to free women

from the age old thralldom by cremating the Hindu social laws created by Manu. In place of it he

had drafted Hindu Code Bill and the Indian Constitution. Accordingly he prepared a women‘s

manifesto for inclusion of women‘s right in the social, political and economic vocabulary. However

due to honestly non implementation of these national documents still today, women are not totally

free from the past obstacles. Women continue to be seen as secondary to men. Even though they are

working and earning it is expected to complete their task as a housekeeper firsthand left to rely on

the income earned by the male. This dependency makes women prone to economic hardship and

women succumbs to economic pressures. They then become vulnerable to domestic and societal

pressures. Now the concept of corporate social responsibility enacted in the company law to

mitigate the said vulnerability of women.

26



CONCEPT

Empowerment of Women is relatively linked with the meaning of ‗Power‘. The powerful person

enables to identify themselves. Through CSR it is possible to grant them power or empower them in

various ways in different fields like finance, social, culture, law, Industry and politics. Therefore

empowerment means one can take control over their lives: set their own agendas, gain skills and

knowledge, capable to solve problems, increase and develop self-reliance. It is both a process and

an outcome.‖

CSR is a very broad concept that addresses many and various topics such as social commitment,

human rights, corporate governance, health and safety, environmental effects, working conditions

and contribution to economic development. Whatever the definition is the purpose of CSR is to

drive change towards sustainability.

DEFINITION

There is no unique definition of CSR among the companies and different nations. However

prominent efforts which are –

A philanthropic model- Companies make profits, unhindered except by fulfilling their

duty to pay taxes. Then they donate a certain share of the profits to charitable causes. It

is seen as tainting the act for the company to receive any benefit from the giving.

The EC defines CSR as ―the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society‖.

The WBCSD defines CSR as ―the continuing commitment by business to contribute to

economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their

families as well as of the community and society at large.‖

According to the UNIDO, ―Corporate social responsibility is a management concept

whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations

and interactions with their stakeholders.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK BEHIND CSR

The Indian Constitution provides protection to women on the basis of opportunity,

nondiscrimination, equal pay, maternity benefit

1. Article1 4 - Equal rights and opportunities in political, economic and social spheres

2. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the ground of sex.

3. Article 15(3) enables affirmative discrimination in favour of women. Article 39 – Equal means of

livelihood and equal pay for equal work.

4. Article 42 – Human conditions of work and maternity relief.



27


5. Article 51 (A) (C) – Fundamental duties to renounce practices, derogatory to the dignity of

women.

6. Article 46 – The state to promote with special care, the educational and economic interests of

weaker section of people and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

7. Article 47 – The state to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living of its people and the

improvement of public health and so on. Article 243D (3), 243T (3) & 243R (4) provides for

allocation of seats in the Panchayati Raj System

THE HINDU CODE BILL,

The Hindu Code Bill sought to abolish polygamy among the Hindu‘s it proposed the right to

property and the right to divorce for women. In reality the Bill was a threat to patriarchy on which

traditional family structure it was opposed by Hindu orthodox. Therefore Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

could not get it passed. In protest against the failure of the Bill, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar resigned

his seat in the cabinet. Although his efforts did not entirely go waste, later, the original Bill was

split into four different Bills with slight changes. Those were passed as the Hindu Marriage Act,

1955; The Hindu Succession Act, 1956; the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956; and the

Hindu Adoption and Maintenance. As Lord Casey said, Ambedkar stands as the ―fountainhead of

wisdom and knowledge‖ in modern India.

CSR ACTIVITIES UNDER COMPANIES ACT, 2013

Ministry of Corporate Affairs recently notified on 27th February, 2014 (which shall come into force

with effect from 1st April, 2014) as follows: "Corporate Social Responsibility" means and includes

but is not limited to:

1. Projects or programs relating to activities specified in Schedule VII the Companies Act, 2013.

2. Projects or programs relating to activities undertaken by the board of directors of a company.

THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVE

Eradicating hunger, poverty and malnutrition, promoting preventive health care and

sanitation and making available safe drinking water;

Promoting education, including special education and employment enhancing vocation

skills especially among children, women, elderly, and the differently abled and livelihood

enhancement projects;

Promoting gender equality, empowering women, setting up homes and hostels for women

and orphans; setting up old age homes, day care centers and such other facilities for senior

28



citizens and measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially and economically

backward groups;

Ensuring environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora and fauna,

animal welfare, agro forestry, conservation of natural resources and maintaining quality of

soil, air and water;

Protection of national heritage, art and culture including restoration of buildings and sites of

historical importance and works of art, setting up public libraries, promotion and

development of traditional arts and handicrafts;

Measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans, war widows and their dependents;

Training to promote rural sports, nationally recognized sports, Paralympics sports and

Olympic sports;

Contribution to the Prime Ministers' National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the

Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and welfare of the

Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women;

Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators located within academic

institution which are approved by the Central Government;

Rural development projects.

The above mentioned activities constitute the CSR activities shall be required to carry out any one

or more as specified its CSR Policy.

CSR Initiatives by Indian Corporate towards Women Empowerment

Majority of the business houses in the sample had spent some of the allocated CSR budgets towards

improving the welfare of women. Some of the corporate houses emphasized on education,

environment and the major thrust were in areas of health, education, infrastructure development

(drinking water, improving village infrastructure, construction of schools etc.), and environment

(effluent treatment, tree plantation, treatment of hazardous waste).

Empowering women and encouraging their entrepreneurial spirit was a essential aspect of CSR for

business houses like the Tata, HUL, Vedanta, Hindalco, Jindals and many others. It continued to

work untiringly towards furthering empowerment by facilitating the formation of around 200

women every year, who were encouraged to venture in to income generating activities. Tata Steel

also held regular competitions for identifying women leaders who could be role models through its

programme ‗Tejaswini‘.



29


Thus many companies were acutely concerned about women and were actively involved in the

empowerment process. Training was provided as it was required for skill development and

enhancement.

Suggestions:

1. The legal provisions of corporate social responsibility should be more stringent rather than

discretionary.

2. To execute corporate social responsibility special emphasis should be laid, as it can be possible

remedies for many issues like illiteracy, poverty, child labour, unemployment and rural

development.

3. To make more meaningful the empowerment of women as per the legal mandates, women

related issues need important attention from government, society and especially from corporate

sector.

4. Corporate can provide adequate finance in the proportion of their profit to overcome some

unsettled issues in the society as a social accountability.

5. Government should take initiations to keep special corporate fund for women entrepreneur.

6. Launch a project to identify women to be empowered to encourage them to get education till

getting respectable independent livelihood.

7. Special safety and security provisions to be launched mandatorily by cooperators.

8. Undertake periodical survey and convey to the government that the extent of women

empowerment achieved

CONCLUSION

The pronouncement of women human rights which are described in the Indian Constitution and

cheroot statutes for the sustainable development of the women could happen only through

economic empowerment. This can happen through the creation of both self employment and wage

employment opportunities. Corporate social responsibility towards women empowerment can

become ray of hope in many ways right from changing attitude towards women in the society to

making women independent financially, physically and socially. The motive behind joining CSR

with women empowerment is to provide solutions to women related issues. However the expected

result from the CSR concept yet to be achieved as the concept remains just discretionary and not

mandatory on the part of the corporations.

30



A CASE STUDY ON CSR ACTIVITIES OF AUTOMOBILE CORPORATION OF GOA

LTD WITH SPECIAL REFFERENCE TO EDUCATION

Dr. S.V.Sukthankar Mr. Manoj Gaude Associate Professor Student: M.Com –I

Post Graduate Department of Commerce,

Govt. College of Arts, Science & Commerce

Khandola – Marcel Goa

ABSTRACT

The concept of corporate social responsibility helps for sustainable growth provides benefit to the business

as well as to the society. Corporate Social Responsibility have become the important part of every business.

Forstater et al. (2002) defines CSR as: “A company‟s actions that contributes to sustainable development

through the company‟s core business activities, social investment and public policy debate.” Corporate

Social Responsibility is not just investing the money but it acts as a link between companies and its

stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility enhances the corporate image and also helps to be in the

competition. Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd is conducting the Corporate Social Responsibility activities

for last 30 years. Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd concentrates on needs of the community and their

participation through the social processes and through related infrastructure. The required data is collected

from secondary sources. Automobile Corporation of Goa is committed to spend 2% of their average net

profit of last three years. This research paper studies the Corporate Social Responsibility activities

undertaken by the Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd.

Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, corporate image, sustainable growth, govt. schools,

community.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate Social Responsibility concept describes that business is accountable for its impact on its

stakeholders. In business reporting the Corporate Social Responsibility has become dominant.

Corporate Social Responsibility is not just earning profits but it includes investments for the

society, where they operate. The main objective of Corporate Social Responsibility is to maximise

the overall impact of the business on the society and its stakeholders. Corporate Social

Responsibility helps to creates good relationship with society. The concept of the Corporate Social

Responsibility was first mentioned in the publication ‗Social Responsibilities of the Businessman‘

by William J. Bowen in 1953.Corporate social responsibility helps the organisations to achieve long

term goals that are good for the society. Corporate social responsibility has gained importance in

both academics as well as in business sense. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibilities



31


affects both internal as well as external recipients, internal recipients are owners, suppliers,

employees, investors of the company and external recipients are society, competitors, customers

and Government. Today‘s modern world have given more importance to Corporate Social

responsibility as all the stakeholders are more interested in involvement of companies in social

activities. This is a very practical reason and it is based on the idea that future Government

intervention can be forestalled to the extent that business polices itself with self-disciplined

standards and fulfils society‘s expectations of it. Two additional arguments in favour of CSR

include ‗business has the resources‘ and ‗let business try‘. These two views maintain that, because

business has a reservoir of management talent, functional expertise and capital, and because so

many others have tried and failed to solve social problems, business should be given the chance

(Davis 1973, p. 316). The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has attracted the

attention of the business world as well as researchers. CSR is not just investment for the society but

it is a strong link between the firm and its stakeholders.

SIGNIFICANCE

We heard that Automobile Corporation of Goa was undertaking CSR activities for last few decades

so much that before introducing the Companies Act 2013, they were undertaking the CSR activities.

Our interest in socially responsible activities made us to write this paper.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To study the CSR activities carried out by Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd with special

reference to education.

To know the annual spending‘s of the company in the education sector as CSR activities.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Brateneous Helena Linnea Anna & Emelie Josephie Melin (2015) has investigated the impact of

corporate social responsibility on the performance of the business and have identified the investor‘s

reaction towards the companies.

Farzana Shaheen & Kiran Samra (2015) he studied the impact of Corporate social responsibility on

the company‘s performance and on its net profits, net profit margins and tested the CSR and the Net

profits with the help correlation and regression method.

Caroll B.Archie & Kareem M. Shabana (2010) she identified the importance of the CSR activity for

every business and the benefits of corporate social responsibility for the businesses.

Anupam Sharma and Ravi Kiran (2013) have identified the importance of CSR in global world,

company‘s commitment towards CSR to be in competition and marketing innovations as a link to

32



Corporate Social Responsibility.

David Crowther and Aras Gular have explained the concept of corporate social responsibility, the

provisions of CSR and the impact of Globalisation on CSR.

METHODOLOGY

Sample of the study: Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd Bhuimpal, Goa.

Secondary Source: Information is collected from the journals, different websites and Annual

Report of ACGL Company were referred.

Period of study: Year 2014-2016.

Data analysis and Interpretation: the data collected against the theoretical background was

processed to arrive at the conclusion and also to provide meaningful suggestions to the ACGL

Company.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The geographical scope of the study is confirmed to the Automobile Corporation of Goa. The

topical scope focuses on ―A case study on CSR activities of Automobile Corporation of Goa

Ltd with special reference to Education”. The analytical scope covers the fulfillment of the

objectives set out in the project. The functional scope is confined to offer meaningful suggestions.

LIMITATIONS

The required historical from the website and Annual reports of Automobile Corporation of

Goa Ltd. and hence suffers from limitations there in.

The information was made available orally and hence suffers from limitations of

authenticity.

INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILE CORPORATION OF GOA.

Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd. (ACGL) established in the year 1982 and it is the first major

engineering unit set up in Goa. The company manufactures Sheet metal components, assemblies

and bus coaches at its factory is situated at villages Honda & Bhuimpal, Goa. It is the major

supplier of pressings and assemblies to Tata Motors' Pune factory. In 1987, the company entered

into a Technical Collaboration Agreement with Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd, Japan, makers of Subaru

car for various models of chassis mounted bus bodies and set up a full-fledged Bus Body Building

Division. The company had a further agreement with FHI Ltd. to build Monocoque buses in

1995.Company has the excellent production facilities, highly skilled and continuously trained

manpower of engineers, technicians and other staff which have ensured world class products and

services. Automobile Corporation of Goa focuses on quality, safety, productivity and reliability.



33


ACGL believes in overall growth to facilitate creation of a value-based and empowered society

through continuous and purposeful engagement of society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

encompasses engagements in socially relevant activities for the under-privileged sections of the

society. Automobile Corporation of Goa is committed to allocate 2% of its net profits for last three

continuous years as stated in Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013. Automobile Corporation of

Goa concentrates on community needs and perceptions through social processes and related

infrastructure development. Automobile Corporation of Goa spreads the culture of volunteerism

through the process of social engagement. Automobile Corporation of Goa is conducting the CSR

activities since from first day of its operation in special respect to education, the data of corporate

social responsibility activities is taken from last three annual reports.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES DURING 2014-15.

The average Net Profit of Automobile Corporation of Goa in 2014-15 was Rs. 2880 Lakhs and

company have spent amount of Rs. 58 Lakhs on CSR activitiesout of which Rs.50 Lakhs were spent

on Education and the remaining amount of Rs 8.00 Lakhs were given as contribution to Prime

Minister Relief Fund they are as follows:

IIT, Bombay- Centre for Technology Alternatives for rural Areas

ACGL company have spent Rs. 20.00 lakhs for IIT, Bombay in the year 2014-15 for building lab

on wheels for technology and development in rural areas- procurement of equipment‘s, hiring of

dedicated personnel by providing the facility at a scaled manner for courses, projects and the

Institute and to support NGO‘s in development sectors, and the project are energy, soil and

agriculture, environment, water and wealth.

Sai Nursing Institute, Sankhali- Goa.

The company have contributed Rs. 15.00 lakhs to Sai Nursing Institute through Sai Life Care

(NGO) for starting the training institute on ANM Nursing course for students belonging to poor and

backward classes.

Keshav Seva Sadhana (school for special children‟s) Bicholim, Goa.

Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd have contributed Rs. 15 Lakhs for streamlining vocational

activities of the school and have provided transportation facility for the students of the school.

Tableand graph showing the annual spending‟s for the year 2014-15:

34



As per the above table and graph, it is observed that company have spent Rs 20 lakhs in IIT

Bombay, Rs 15 Lakhs to Sai Nursing Institute and Rs 15 Lakhs and toKeshav seva Sadhana in the

year 2014-15 the amount spent on Education was Rs 50 Lakhs. The remaining amount of Rs 8

Lakhs was given as contribution to Prime Minister Relief Fund. By observing the above graph, the

amount spent on Education can be identified. By analysing the above graph we can say that, out of

total amount of CSR activities i.e, Rs 58 lakhs, the company have spent almost full amount of Rs 50

Lakhs and remaining small amount was contributed in PMRF. Which shows this year the company

had undertaken only Educational Projects.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES DURING 2015-16.

Automobile Corporation of Goa have spent Rs. 49 Lakhs on CSR activities as the average Net

Profit for the year 2015-16 was Rs. 2829 Lakhs, out of which Rs 27 Lakhs was spent on education

and the remaining amount of Rs 22.00 Lakhs were spent on other activities. The CSR activities are

as follows:

Vidyavardhak Mandal, Bicholim, Goa.

Automobile Corporation of Goa have spent Rs 15 Lakhs for constructing additional floor at

Shree Shantadurga Higher Secondary School, Bicholim, Goa.

Government High School Honda, Sattari, Goa.

ACGL Company helped the Govt. High School for up gradation of Laboratories and have

spent Rs. 12.00 Lakhs through Goa Institute of Management, karapur Sankhali, Goa.

Table and Graph showing the annual spending‟s for the year 2015-16:

InstitutionsAmount Spent (in

Lakhs)

IIT Bombay 20

Sai Nursing

Institution15

Keshav Seva

Sadhana15

Graph No: 01 Showing Annual Spending’s on

CSR activities in the year 2014-15.



35


The above table and graph shows that automobile company have spent Rs 49 lakhs on CSR

activities from which Rs 27 Lakhs were spent on education and the remaining amount is spent on

other activities such as in CARITAS-GOA, to establish the Tiffin distribution business. Aquakraft

Projects Pvt. Ltd Mumbai, to create water wending network. Company have spent Rs 15 lakhs for

Vidyavardhak Mandal and Rs 12 Lakhs in Government High School Honda. The above graph

shows the company‘s contribution on Education, though the projects in the Education sector were

less as compared to other activities but the contribution is more.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPNSIBILITY ACTIVITIES DURING 2016-17.

In the year 2016-17 the average Net Profit of the Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd. for last three

years was Rs 2502 Lakhs and the company have spent Rs 51 lakhs on CSR activities. Amount of Rs

49.00 Lakhs on education and remaining amount of Rs 2.00 Lakhs in Prime Minister National

Relief Fund. The CSR activities are as follows:

Government High School, Morlem, Goa.

For upgradation of computer and science laboratories in Morlem High School, the company have

spent Rs. 10.00 Lakhs through Goa Institute of Management.

Government High School, Bhuimpal, Sattari, Goa.

Company have contributed Rs. 8.00 Lakhs through Goa Institute of Management for up-gradation

of computer and science laboratories in Govt. High School Bhuimpal. And alsothe company have

spent 3.21 Lakhs sponsoring Uniform and Laptops to the Meritorious Students from Govt. High

School Bhuimpal and Bhumika School, Poriyem.

Source: Annual reports of

ACGL company

InstitutionsAmount spent

(in Lakhs)

Vidyavardhak

Mandal

15

Government

High School

Honda

12

Source: Annual reports of ACGL

company



36



Central Library Panjim/ Rotary Club of Mid-Town Panjim.

The company have spent Rs. 20.62 Lakhs during the year for sponsoring Special Application

Mobile Library Bus to the Central Library which will travel to various rural villages/school of Goa.

Which will make available wide range of library services with latest technology and devices to the

students of Goa.

Sneha Mandir Ponda, Goa/Rotary club of Mid-Town Panjim, Goa

The company have sponsored Rs 3.60 Lakhs for the deserving students (4 students @ 90,000 per

student) from Sattari area who are persuing Vocational Nursing Course in Vishnu M Kavlekar

Nursing School Ponda, Goa. And remaining Rs 3.57 Lakhs were given as donation to Pradhnya

Pratibha Protsahan Project & D D Kosambi Young Scientist Project which imparts special

education for dropout/needy people from socially backward classes.

Table and Graph Showing the annual spending for the year 2016-17:

Above graph and table shows the amount spent of Rs 49.00 Lakhs on different projects under

education. The company have spent Rs 10 Lakhs for Government High school Morlem, the

company have spent Rs 11.21 Lakhs for Government High School Bhuimpal Goa. For Central

Library the company have spent Rs 20.62 Lakhs in 2016-17 and Rs 7.17 Lakhs for Sneha Mandir

Ponda, Goa.and the balance was contributed to PMNRF i.e, Rs 2.00 Lakhs.

Table and Graph showing the annual spending‟s for last three financial years:


ACGL company Graph No: 03 Showing Annual Spending’s on


Institutions

Annual

Spendings

(in Lakhs)

Government

High School,

Morlem

10

Government

High School,

Bhuimpal

11.21

Central

Library

Panjim

20.62

Sneha

Mandir,

Ponda Goa

7.17



37


Above table and graph shows the amount spent on CSR activities for last three years. It can be

easily identified that in 2014-15 the company have spent Rs 58 lakhs that is more as compared

other two years. In 2015-16 the company have spent Rs 49 lakhs and in 2016-17, the company have

spent Rs 51 Lakhs on CSR activities. By observing the above graph, it can be analysed that the

Annual spending on CSR activities for last two years is less as compared to the year 2014-15. But

the spending on Education sector is not affected as the company is spending more in Education

though the Annual total spending on CSR activities decreased. Which shows the commitment of the

company towards the CSR activities and especially in Education. From the above data the moto of

the ACGL company can be understand that they focus more on those projects where the

beneficiaries will be more. By the above spending it is identified that the Education Institutions are

approaching more for financial help and company is also contributing in Education as the

Beneficiaries are more. By contributing in schools and Education institutions many students are

getting benefits.

Table showing annual spending towards CSR activities from 2014-15 to 2016-17.

Activities

Amount (in Lakhs)

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

IIT, Bombay 20 - -


ACGL company

years

Annual

Spendings

(in Lakhs)

2014-15 58

2015-16 49

2016-17 51



38



Sai Nursing Institution 15 - -

Keshav Seva Sadhana 15 - -

Vidyavardhak Mandal Bicholim Goa. - 15 -

Government High School Honda, Sattari

Goa. - 12 -

Government High School Morlem, Goa. - - 10

Government High School Bhuimpal,

Sattari, Goa. - - 11.21

Central library Panjim, Goa. - - 20.62

Sneha Mandir Ponda, Goa/Rotary Club of

Mid-Town Panjim, Goa - - 7.17

others 8 22 2

TOTAL 58 49 51

Percentage for Education (%) 36.71 31.01 32.28

CONCLUSION

Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd. (ACGL) the first major engineering unit to be set up in Goa.

The ACGL Company is undertaking CSR activities since from the first day of operation. ACGL

Company follows the guidelines under section 135 of Companies Act 2013. As per the companies

Act 2013 the ACGL Company is spending 2% of its average net profit for last three simultaneous

years on CSR activities. Last three annual reports of the company were used for analysing the data.

For last three years the company have spent Rs 1.58 crores. Automobile Corporation of Goa Ltd

conducts the CSR activities mainly in Education sector and for physically challenged children‘s.

The Automobile Corporation of Goa is the largest manufacturer of sheet metal components,

assemblies and bus coaches at its factories situated at village Honda & Bhuimpal, Goa. Out of total

contribution of CSR activities the Automobile Corporation of Goa is contributing more in

Education sector. As per the above analysis of last three financial years, as per the above analysis of

last three financial years, we can see that the ACGL Company is not repeating their CSR activities

in order to cater all the needy group of the society. Automobile Corporation of Goa focuses more on

those projects where the beneficiaries are more in respects of Education. The ACGL Company is



39


doing well in Education sector and they are spending huge amount from CSR activities only for

Education sector.

REFERENECES

Crowther David & Aras Gular: (2008), ―Corporate Social Responsibility‖, Venture Publishing apS,

P. no: 10.

ANNUAL REPORTS

Annual Reports (2014-15) ―Automobile Corporation of Goa‖, P. no: 35-36.



https://csrbox.org/India_Company_Automobile-Corporation-of-Goa-Ltd.-Goa_5752

JOURNAL

Anna Linnea Helena Bratenius and Anna Linnea Helena Bråtenius (2015) ―The Impact of

CSR on Financial Performance - An event study of abnormal stock returns of Swedish

companies as a reaction to the release of the Folksam Index of Corporate Social

Responsibility,‖ Copenhagen Business School, pp.118.

Heli Wang et al. (2016) ―Corporate Social Responsibility: an overview and new research

directions‖ Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 59, No. 2, pp.534–544.

Samra Kiran, Shahid Jan Kakakhel and Farzana Shaheen (2015) ―corporate social

responsibility and firm profitability: a case of oil and gas sector of pakistan‖ City University

Research Journal. Volume 05. Article 09.

Archie B. Carroll and Kareem M. Shabana (2010) ―The Business Case for Corporate Social

Responsibility:A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice‖, International Journal of

Management Reviews,

Nalini Krishnan (2012) ―Impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial and non-

financial performance of select BSE listed companies,‖ Thesis submitted to the Padmashree

Dr. D.Y. Patil University.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE

https://csrbox.org/India_Company_Automobile-Corporation-of-Goa-Ltd.-Goa_5752

40



DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Prof. Vijay M. Ghuble, Assistant Professor

M.S.W., M.Phil.

Matoshri Anjanabai Mundafale collage of Social Work, Narkhed

INTRODUCTION :

As a mode of implementing human rights, labour and environmental standards, Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) has long been discussed as a possible remedy to the inequalities created and

exacerbated by economic liberalization and globalization. It considers that a corporation is not a

self-centred profit-making entity but that the company and its actions are also integral to the

economy, society and environment in which they operate (Herrman, 2004).

In contermporary socio-economic scenario the concept of CSR has become widely integrated with

business ethic in all parts of the world. The need CSR is even more vulnerable to human induced

environmental hazards.

India is country of magnigificent contradictions. The country is widely inflicted with baffling

economic disparity among urban, semiurban and rural populace. Market based economic practice

has further widened the scope of inequalities in the country. The emerging business culture of profit

and competition has more and more marginalized social welfare issues such as, health, education

and social security for the vulnerable section of the society into merely a peripheral purusuit.

Given that, the government of India along with active civil society participation has tried to create a

sense of business ethics and responsibility among the corporate both by legal and ideological

means. There are many instances where corporate have played a dominant role in addressing issues

of education, health, environment and livelihoods through btheir corporate social responsibility

interventions across the country. Private business enterprises like, TATA, Birla and Reliance are

practicing the CSR for decades long before CSR emerged as a norm to develop a culture of social

welfare and environmental sustainability among the leading economic giants of the country.

Meaning and Difinition of Corporate Social Responsibility :

CSR and business ethic focuses primarily on capacity building, empowerment of communities,



41


more inclusive socio-economic growth, environment sustainability, promotion of environmentally

bening and energy efficient technologies, development of underdevelopment regions, and

upliftment of the marginalized and under-privilleged sections of society (REC, 2013). Generally,

CSR means that corporation and businesses in general while working on their main goal of

maximizing their shareholders‘ profit should also keep in mind the societal concerns and needs and

act responsible towards the society in which thay operate (Melikyan, 2010). World Business

Council for Sustainable Development has defined CST as ―the commitment of business to

contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, and the

local communities‖.

The term corporate social permorance was first coined by Sethi(1975), expanded by Carroll (1979),

and then furnished by Wartick and Cochran (1985). Howeverm the credit to define CSR at the

global level goes to Howard Bowen (1953) who highlighted the status and degree of responsibilities

that business class should accept. Liberal thinker Milton Friendmen defined the concept CSR in

terms of owner‘s objectives and stakeholder responsiveness which recognizes direct and indirect

stakeholder interests (Urmila, 2012)

Development of the Concept of corporate Social Responsibility :

The concept of CSR first emerged in the 19th century in Great Britain (Asongu. 2017). However, it

was in the United States (US) which experienced the growing interest in CSR in the 1960s and

1970s (Vogel, 2005). Being as the architech of neo-liberal economic model, the responsibility to

deliver social services such as, pensions and medical are primarily performed by coporate sector.

The scope of CSR was widened in the 1980s which integrated corporate objectives with the social

responsibility of business thereby making it responsible to care for environment, employees and

also make good profits. The globalization of economy further highlighted the importance of

corporate responsibilities in order developed countries of the world.

In the 1990s, Peter Drucker and many other authors propagated CSR as a part of corporate straegy

(Urmila, 2012). Carroll (1991) presented a more systematic sequence of the development of CSR in

his model as a pyramid which is shown in the figure 1.

42



Carroll demonstrated that all these responsibilities have always existed to some extent, but it was

only recently that ethic and philanthropist deimensions have emerged a very integral part of

business (Sharma and Kiran, 2013)

Moreover, the post- 2000 period is observed as increases institutionalization of CSR laws and

legislation. Although , social and environmental responsibilities of corporate world has not yet been

codified and institionalized with coercive mechanism in international political arena. There are

three important non-binding institutional development regarding CSR. First, is the OECD

Guidelines which were adopted in 1976 and were substially revised in 2000. The OECD policy

Guidelines aim to ―encourage the positive contributions that multinational enterprises can make to

economic, environmental and social progress and to minimize the difficulties to which their

various operations may give rise‖ (OECD, 2010).

Second, the 180 members ILO declaration established in 1977 and revised in 2006 offers guidance

in the fileds of general polices, employment, training, conditions of work and life as well as

industrial relations (ILO, 2010). The aim of the ILO Declaration was to ―encourage the positive

contribution which multinational enterprises can make to economic and social profgress and to

minimize and resolve the difficulties to which ntheir various operation may give rise‖ (ILO,2010).

Finally, the UN Global compact intiative, launched in 2000, also highlighted the importance of

corporate social responsibility initiative in achieving the MDGs (Corell, 2005). More over, the

United Nationas Millennium Campagin, started in 2002, aims ro ensure wider public and private

participation to achieve the following Millennium Development Goals (MDG). ―The millennium

Development Goals set time bound targets, by which progress in reducing income poverty, hunger,

disease, lack of adequate shelter and exclusion- while propmoting gender equality, health, education

and environmental sustainability- can be measured. They also embody basic human rights- the

rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter and security‖ (REC, 2013).

In India, coporate social responsibility began in the form of charity and traditional philanthrophy

which was predominantly influenced by Ganndhian Ethical economic model. The Ethical model

was fooolwed by statist model of Nehru. The Statist economic model emphasized on the state



43


ownership and legal requirements to decide the corporate responsiilites.

After 1970, the Liberal model supported by Milto friedman focused on adherence to law and

creation of wealth and fulfilling CSR trough taxation and private charitable choices.

The post-1990 period experienced more direct engagfement of corporate in mainstream

development and concern for disadvanged groups of society. This was evident from a sample

wurvey conducted in 1984 reporting that of the amount companies spent of social development, the

largest sum 47 percent was spent through company programees, 39 percent was given to outside

organizations as aid and 14 percent was spent throught company trusts (Prabhakar and Mishra,

2013).

More impotantly, the recently passed companies Bill 2013 which replaced 1956 companies Act has

made cSR spending and reporting more stringent. The bill makes to provisions to constitute a

corporate social responsibility committee of the Board for companies with having a specific profit

layer. The committee consists of three of more directiors, out of which at least one director shall be

an independent director (Ministry of Law and Justice, 2013). The Board report under sub-section

(3) section 134 shall disclose the composition of the corporate social responsibility committee

(Ministry of Law and justice, 2013).

Clauses 134 and 135 of theAct specifies that companies with net worth more than Rs. 500 crores, or

turnover more than Rs. 1000 crores, or net profit more more than Rs. 5 crores are required to

constitute a CSR committee to formulate CSR policy for the company. Cpmpanies are now

obligator to spend a minimum of 2 percent of average net profit earned during preceding three years

before formulation of the policy (Singh and Agrwal, 2013)

Further more, Section VII of the Copanies Bill has considerable widened the ambit of CSR

activities which now includes:

Poverty of education, gender equality and women empowerment.

Promotion of education, gender equality and women empowerment.

Reducing child mortality and improveing maternal health.

Combating AIDS/HIV, Malaria and other diseases.

44



Ensuring environmental sustainability

Empowerment-enhancing vocational skills and social business projects SC/ST/OBC

minorities and women.

Current Trends and Status of corporate Social Responsibilty in India :

Recent studies and srveys have shown that India‘s CSR performace of public sector enterprises has

ranked some of the best in Asia. For instance, Coal India Ltd. (CIL)targeted to invest US 67-5

million in 2010-11 on social and environmental causes. Similarly, NALCO has contributed US 3.23

million for development work in Orissa‘s Korapur district as party of its CSR (Prabhakar and

Mishra, 2013). India Inc has established a global platform to showcase the CSR performance of

Indian business entities.

In the same vein, confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the TVS Group collaborated to set-up

the CII_TVS centre of excellence for responsive corporate citixzensship in 2007. It aims to provide

consultancy services and technical assistance on social development and CSR (Prabhakar and

Mishra, 2013).

Given this, India has been named among the top ten Asian countries for its emphasis on CSR

disclosure norms. The social enterprise CSR Asia‘s Asian sustainability Ranking (ASR), released in

October 2009, ranked the country fourth in the list. Similarly, in September 2010, ‗Sustainbility in

Asia Reporting Uncovered‘ based on four parameters vi. General, Environmental, Social and

Governance has positioned India only second in country ranking in Asia and is ranked as first ion

general category (Urmila, 2012).

The CAG has noted that against the forestlands handed over to development projects, 103381-91

hactares of non-forestlands were to beconverted to forests. Out of this only 28086 hecteres were

received and out of this compensatory afforestation was carried out over a mere 7280.84 hectares-

just 7 percent of the land that ought to have been received. The report reveals that some of the

leading corporate entities of the country were provided large financial and legal gains while

distributing government forest in violation of supreme courts‘s order and forest laws (Sethi, 2013).

It is therefore important strengthen law enforcement and monitoring mechanism to control such



45


anomalies in environmental and social responsibility of the corporate.

Strategy to Ensure More Effective corporate Participation :

According to Herrmann (2010) an effective SCR regime needs fo focus of four important issues:

setting standards; monitoring compliance with standards and important abouses; creating binding

legal obligations; and enforcing those binding laws.

However, in an ear of ever increasing appetite for more and more luxurious life style it is becoming

a daunting task to follow Herrmann‘s notion of effective CSR performance. Corporate operating in

market based economy believes in the quality and price of a product in order to attract maximum

numbers of consumers. The national governments in both developed and developing countries are

under pursits. In fact, powerful global business entities influence government policy making in

grate ectent. The current debate on climate change issue between developed and developing

countries and the west‘s reluctance to enter into a legally binding green house gasses mitigation

agreement shows the absence of CSR and business ethic remains a low key issue for the global

corporate. So, stringent enforcement CSR laws and legislation has very limited possibility to bring

desired results.

There is a need to sensitize corporate and business classes towards evolving a cultural of

sustainable development and empathy towards nature and envinmental vulnerable section of the

society. The ideological apparatus remains a positive and constructive strategy to ensure greater

compliance from corporate towards achieving the goal of sustainable development and a more

humanistic version of economic development. Non-governmental organization, civil society and

media have to play a pivotal role in this regard.

Conclusions:

Although, thre are sufficient laws which focus on CSR towards ensuring a more balanced,

harmonious and welfare oriented developmental approach. Though, there has been limited success

in achieving the goals of CSR. Given the uncertain economic sxenariao cupled with widespread

poverty and unemployment, it becomes very difficult on the part of government of take stringent

action against national and multinamtional business firms to ensure greater compliance to CSR laws

46



and legislation. Comparatively, lower environmental and labour standards of foreign direct

investment targets are appealing to tran-national corporate because such lenience boosts production

effiency and increases competitiveness in the short term, resulting into increased profots and

productivity (Herrmann, 2004). This is one of the leading causes for apathy to strongly enforced

laws related to CSR in India.

It is equally true that the relationships between various stakesholders in business are becoimg more

transparent, interdependent, responsible and harmonious. Country‘s public sector enterprises have

one of the best CSR ranking in the world and some of the private sector firms have equally earned

praise for their efforts in the domain of education, health and welfare oriented schems. Big welfare

schemes like national Food security Act need active financia supports from corporate to make such

schemes a success.

Non-governemental organization, civil society and media have further enhanced the scope for grater

cooperation and harmony between corporate and the cosiety in which they operate. Finally, we have

a welfare oriented democracy in which our political classes should be senstitive towards the welfare

of the common masses.

Referances:

1. Asongu, J. J. (2007), ―The History of Corporate Social Responsibility‖, Journal of Business and

Public Policy. Vol. 1, 2, pp – 1-18

2. Correl, Hans (2005), ―The Global Compact‖, in Mullerat, Ramon (ed), Coprporate Social

Resposibility, The Corporate Governance of the 21st century, The Hague, Nentherland.

3. Herrman, K. K. (2004) ―Corporate Social Responsibility and sustainable Development: The

European Union Initiative as a Case Study‖, Indian a Journal of Global Legal Studies

Vol. II,Issue, 2, Article 6.

4. Ministry of Law and Justice (2013), The companies Act, 2013 (No. 18 of 2013, August 29,

2013 New Delhi.

5. rabhakar R. Mishra, S. (2013) ―A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility in India

Organization: An-Introspection‖, Proceedings of 21st Internation business Research



47


Conference 10-11 June, 2013 Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.

6. Sethi, N. (2013), ―Green Norms Bent to Help Corporates‖, The Hindu, September 7, 2013, Ne

Delhi.

7. Urmila M. (2012),‖Corporate Social Responsibility in India, Maratha Mandir‘s Babasaheb

Gawande Institute of Management Studies.

48



CSR BOND OF RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS

Mr. Anantkumar Vishwanath Pol Mr. Munkir Mujawar

Visiting Faculty, Lecturer,

Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeethtilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth

Sangli Campussangli Campus

*E mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The charge for this paper is to sketch the elements that could be know the concept of CSR, and its

contribution in the community development. In sketching potential approach to the subject the cast light on

the subject: Definition, Concept, Contribution, Limitations, Problems, etc,

KEY WORDS: Introduction, Definition, History, Scope of CSR, Concept of CSR, CSR and stakeholders:

The bond of Relationship, contribution of CSR, Benefits of CSR for their Stakeholders, HRM Management

for welfare of Stakeholder, Barriers and Measures In Appliction Of CSR, Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION

The broad rational for a new set of ethics for corporate decision making, which clearly constructs

and upholds an organization‘s social responsibility arises from the fact that a business enterprise

derives several benefits from society, which must therefore require the enterprise to provide returns

to society as well. This clearly establishes the stake of business organization in the good health and

wellbeing of a society. The concept of CSR includes the openness or transparency of companies as

well as taking into consideration the will and expectations of their stakeholders. Fredrick wrote that

―social responsibility in the final analysis implies a public posture toward society‘s economic and

human resources and willingness to see that those resources are used for broad social ends.‖ Harold

Johnston 1971 stated that a social responsible firm is one whose managerial staff balances a

multiplicity of interests instead of striving only for larger profits for its stakeholders. A responsible

enterprise also takes into account employees, suppliers, dealers, local communities and the nation.

Lee in 1997 stated CSR refers to a company‘s commitment to operate in an economically and

environmentally sustainable manner, while acknowledging the interests of a variety of stakeholders

and maximizing economic, social and environmental value. It is holistic concept that can mean

different thing to different group and stakeholders.

The main drivers for CSR have been the shrinking role of government, demands for greater

disclosure increased customer interests, growing investor pressure, competitive labour markets, and

supplier relations. The companies enjoy several benefits like improved financial performance, lower



49


operating costs, enhanced brands image and reputation, increased sales and customer loyalty,

product safety, material recyclability, greater use of renewable resources,etc.

DEFINITION

Corporate Social Responsibility encompasses not only what companies do with their profits, but

also how they make them. It goes beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses how

companies manage their economic, social, and environmental impacts, as well as their relationships

in all key sphere of influence: the workplace, the marketplace, the supply chain, the community,

and the public polity realm. – Harvard University

HISTORY

The term CSR was use in the 1960‘s starting with Goyder‘s Responsible Company. The term

―stakeholder‖ was also used to describe corporate owners beyond stakeholders.

In the early 1960 environmental issues received prominence and climate change and associated

global warming was attributing to the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from

human activities.

In the early 1980 the issues were poverty, population pressure, social inequity. In the late 1980

Principle of sustainable development were established by Brutland report and key concepts

associated with natural capital and measuring sustainability begun to emerge.

SCOPE OF CSR

*Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty

*Promotion of education

*Promoting gender equaility and empowering women

*Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health

*Combating human indefficiancy virus

*Ensuring environment sustainability

*Enhancing vocational skills

*Social business projects

CONCEPT OF CSR

CSR is a contribution to sustainable development, implying the way a company balances its

economic, environmental and social objectives. The basic objective of CSR is to maximize the

company‘s overall impact on the society while considering environment and overall sustainability.

The term CSR came into common use in the early 1970. CSR is a way of doing business resulting

in a significant impact on community and long term sustainability. The essence of CSR comprises

50



philanthropic, corporate, ethical, environmental and legal as well as economic responsibility.

CSR AND STAKEHOLDERS: THE BOND OF RELATIONSHIP

The broad rational for a new set of ethics for corporate decision making, which clearly constructs

and upholds an organization‘s social responsibility arises from the fact that a business enterprise

derives several benefits from society, which must therefore require the enterprise to provide returns

to society as well. This clearly establishes the stake of a business organization in the good health

and wellbeing of a society. The concept of CSR includes the openness or transparency of

companies as well as taking into consideration the will and expectations of their stakeholders. CSR

reduces costs and risk, increase the brand value and reputation, effectiveness and efficiency of

employees improves transparency,

CONTRIBUTION OF CSR

With the application of CSR companies in India started focusing on need based initiatives aligned

with the national priorities such as public health, education, livelihoods, water conservation and

natural resource management. The Govt. of India has also enhanced its focus on persuading

companies to participate in addressing social and developmental issues as a part of their social

responsibility as well as business practices.

BENEFITS OF CSR FOR THEIR STAKEHOLDERS ESPECIALLY

Undertaking CSR activities, and being socially responsible can have a host of benefits for

companies such as the following:

1. Strengthening relationships with stakeholders

2. Enabling continuous improvement and encouraging innovation

3. Attracting the best industry talent as a socially responsible company

4. Additional motivation to employees

5. Risk mitigation because of an effective corporate governance framework.

6. Enhanced ability to manage stakeholder expectations.

HRM MANAGEMENT FOR WELFARE OF STAKEHOLDER

The credibility of an organization will become damaged when it becomes evident that company is

not ‗walking the talk‘. There is emerging evidence that effectively implemented; CSR can have

significant impact in motivating, developing and retaining staff.

Research shows that the critical success factors for implementing CSR include having an

overarching vision that includes CSR, having senior management and board level commitment,

engaged staff and the provision of skills, tools and incentives, clearly staff participation and buy-in



51


to delivering on the company‘s CSR aspirations is central to success in this area.

A range of human resource levels are important for developing CSR organizational capabilities:

building these knowledge and skills through leadership development programmes, career

development planning, succession, planning, etc.

In fact much of the discourse on CSR is conducted in terms of relationship between business and

society, of the moral and ethical imperative of business that goes beyond legal compliance, to

contribute positively to society. Bowen argued that private corporations should be evaluated purely

in terms of its ―demonstrable contribution to the general welfare‖ in terms of the production of

social goods such as a higher standards of living, and in spreading economic progress and security

and that the survival of the free enterprise system critically depend on such contributions.

BARRIERS AND MEASURES IN APPLICATION OF CSR

Stakeholder management has significant information needs. It is extremely difficult to manage for a

variety of stakeholders if there is no measurement of how the organization has performed for those

stakeholder. Thus for each stakeholder identified is necessary to have a performance measure by

which the stakeholder performance can be considered.

A stakeholder managed organization therefore attempts to consider the diverse and conflicting

interests of its stakeholders and balance these interests equitably. In order to be able to adequately

manage stakeholder interest it is necessary to measure the organisation‘s performance to these

stakeholder and this prove complicated and time consuming.

COCLUSION

With the help of this study it is found that it is necessary to underline the role of trained social

worker to bridge the necessities of stakeholders and CSR. Every CSR must appoint trained social

worker for implementation of CSR according to expectations shareholder.

REFERENCES:

1. The Role of Human Resource Management In Corporate Social Responsibility- Dr. Mohammad

Khalil Ahmad

2. Corporate Social Responsibility in India-An Effort to Bridge Welfare Gap –JayatiSarkar and

SubrataSarkar

3. Corporate Social Responsibility-David Crowther and Guler Aras

52



CSR AND REFORESTATION: IT‟S NOW OR NEVER

Prof. Dawood Dastageer Nagarchi

Assistant Professor, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka

ABSTRACT

Whole world is facing the problem of climate change due to increased human activities on earth. The

selfishness of humans has affected the nature very badly. Humans are utilising the nature to produce the

products for their life and neglecting the life of nature. Nature is getting exploited unscientifically and

resulting in natural imbalances like, flood and drought, loss of soil fertility, air pollution, extinction of

species, global warming, etc. Deforestation is also a burning issue now days. The increased

industrialisation, urbanisation, housing and agriculture land expansion causing destruction of forests. The

wild animals are now moving towards human areas to find new home and getting killed brutally. We depend

on forests for our survival, from the air we breathe to the wood we use. There is immediate need of

reforestation ie re-establishing the forests. CSR activities can do this possible. Most of the organisations

which are practicing CSR are more focused on the activities which are directly relevant to human and not

the surroundings of human from which they are extracting the resources. I think the CSR activities can play

a vital role in reforestation. The reforestation will result in formation of home for wild animals; global

warming can be managed and can produce further more resources for humans.

Methodology: The data presented in this paper is collected from secondary sources. Website of UNIDO,

MoEF, newspapers and some environment study books are referred.

Key words: Deforestation, Reforestation, Corporate Social Responsibility.

INTRODUCTION

In the solar system earth is the only planet where life can be found, it is just an assumption made

that there is another planet where the living beings can be seen. The earth is the beautiful planet of

the solar system consisting of greenery and blue oceans. It has the ability to fulfil all the needs of

animal living on it. Since thousands of years the human is completely engaged in making use of all

the resources available on earthand enjoying the royal life. There isn‘t any other animal which is

possible to lead on earth as humans are doing. Human is controlling the living and non-living things

of earth like animals, trees, soil, rocks, water, fire etc. By extracting raw material from earth human

is producing artificial environment which is essential for his/her survival. For the production of

goods and services human has established machine units which are called as factories, industries,

enterprises. They are established under a person who will be called as ‗owner‘ and he/she makes

profit out of it. In the early days, they use to exploit the resources on earth as they want and gain

huge profit and no payback the earth. So, to bring the balance, the governments are doing some



53


efforts and one of those efforts is the CSR. The concept of CSR rests on the ideology of give and

take. Companies take resources in the form of raw materials, human resources etc. from the society.

By performing the task of CSR activities, the companies are giving something back to the society.

This paper will discuss how the CSR activities could help in the reforestation and benefits of

reforestation in bringing balance in nature.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and

environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept that integrates a company's social concerns with their

business operations.

According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development Corporate Social

Responsibility can be defined as ―a commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to

economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as

well as of the local community and society at large.‖

The government of Ghana defines the process of corporate social responsibility as ―a capacity to

build sustainable livelihoods. It respects cultural differences and finds the business opportunities in

building the skills of employees, the community and the government‖

FIELDS OF CSR:

Human being- The companies are established for human being, they are the resource,

customers and consumers of the products. This is most of the companies are focussing their

CSR activities towards such fields where the human are directly linked. Ex. Establishing

and running the schools, colleges, health services.

Environment- The organisations are dependent on the natural wealth. The production

activities polluting water, air and soil. So as to help the environment the companies are

focussing on environment.

Non-profit organisations- The non-profit organisations are working with the aim of social

service and through the CSR activities the companies providing financial assistance to such

organisations.

Business environment- Sometimes, an industry group can give awards to companies to

promote a cause within a field of business.

SIGNIFICANCES OF CSR

-Fulfilment of Responsibilities towards Customers

54



- The give and take relationship between organisation and customer can be made fruitful through

CSR activities.

- Formation of safe and healthy environment

- The CSR activities relating to environment making the earth a better place to live.

- Promotes competition in the market

- If an organisation does a good thing then the customers and even employees feel proud to be part

of it. This brings competition among the organisations, and the good one will survive.

- Brand differentiation

- The unique activity adopted by an organisation leads to more recognition and identification.

Therefore, corporate social responsibilities help in creating a brand name for the organisation.

CSR EXPENDITURE IN INDIA

S.No. Name of company Amount spent on CSR

(in Crores)

01 Reliance Industries Ltd 652.0

02 NTPC Ltd 491.8

03 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd 421.0

04 Tata Consultancy Services Ltd 294.2

And many other companies spent total 9822.0

An assessment of CSR expenditure of 5097 companies for the year 2015-16 who have filed their

Annual Financial Statements till 31st December, 2016 with MCA

Source: CSR data and summary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India.

STATEs/UT- WISE CSR PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN DURING FY 2015-16:

S.No. States CSR Expenditure (in Cr.)

1 Maharashtra 1138

2 Karnataka 408

3 Andhra Pradesh 379

4 Gujarat 338

5 Uttar Pradesh 322

6 Rajasthan 285

7 Tamil Nadu 261



55


8 Delhi 237

9 Odisha 231

10 Madhya Pradesh 215

11 West Bengal 170

12 Haryana 169

13 Chattisgarh 168

14 Jharkhand 128

15 Telangana 105

16 Kerala 84

17 Bihar 78

18 Assam 52

19 Uttarakhand 50

20 Punjab 42

21 Jammu & Kashmir 37

22 Arunachal Pradesh 20

23 Himachal Pradesh 10

24 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 8

25 Goa 6

26 Meghalaya 3

27 Manipur 2

28 Pondicherry 2

29 Daman & Diu 1

30 Chandigarh 1

31 Tripura 0

32 Lakshadweep 0

33 Nagaland 0

34 Sikkim 0

35 Andaman & Nicobar 0

36 All India* 4871

Total Amount 9822

Number of Companies

for which data compiled

5097

* Companies either did not specify the names of States or indicated more than one State where

projects were undertaken.


56



DEVELOPMENT SECTOR WISE CSR EXPENDITURE FOR 2015-16

S.

No. Sectors

2015-

16

1 Health/ Eradicating Hunger/ Poverty and malnutrition/Sage drinking water /

Sanitation

3117

2 Education/ Differently Abled/ Livelihood 3073

3 Rural development 1051

4 Environment/ Animal Welfare/ Conservation of resources 923

5 Swachh Bharat Kosh 355

6 Any other Fund 262

7 Gender equality / Women empowerment / old age homes / reducing inequalities 213

8 Prime Minister's National Relief Fund 136

9 Encouraging Sports 95

10 Heritage Art and Culturee 90

11 Slum area development 9

12 Clean Ganga Fund 3

13 Other Sectors ( Technology Incubator and benefits to armed forces and admin

overheads and others* )

497

Total Amount 9822

Number of Companies for which data compiled 5097

*not specified


DEFORESTATION

Our planet is having 31% forest cover which produces oxygen for the animals living on earth. It is

the home for wildlife and even some amount of humans also. The World Wildlife Foundation

(WWF) said that around 1.6 billion people rely on benefits of forests which include food, fresh

water, clothing, medicine and shelter but increased human activities on earth causing for

deforestation. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter

converted to a non-forest use.

WWF says, deforestation comes in many forms, including fires, clear-cutting for agriculture,

ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to climate



57


change. This impacts people‘s livelihoods and threatens a wide range of plant and animal species.

We‘re losing 18.7 million acres of forests annually, equivalent to 27 soccer fields every minute.

NASA predicts that if current deforestation levels proceed, the world‘s rainforests may be

completely wiped out in as little as 100 years.

REASONS FOR DEFORESTATION

There are two categories of reasons for deforestation, one is Natural and another is Human.

Natural reasons- forest fires, flood, drought, climate change, exotic animals, etc.

Human reasons- establishing new industries, fire wood, agriculture extension, creating room for

cattle ranching, housing extension, paper making, furniture, mining, etc.

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

Large amount of greenhouse gases

Climate change

Loss of species

Impact on water cycle

Soil erosion

Destruction of wildlife

Affects trees

Poor health, etc.

REFORESTATION

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have

been depleted, usually through deforestation.

The reforestation helps in decrease the effects of deforestation like, reducing buildup of Carbon

Dioxide in the atmosphere, rebuilds wildlife habitats, controls climate changes, etc.

CSR AND REFORESTATION IN INDIA

India is one of the countries in which some genuine efforts are on towards reforestation. In the Paris

Climate Conference in December, 2015 India agreed to spend 6 billion dollars to reforest 12% of its

land. On July 11, 2016 it is reported that 8, 00,000 volunteers planted 49.3 million tree saplings.

In India some of commercial companies are working towards reforestation by CSR activities. Some

of the companies and their efforts are as follows:

AMUL- Gujarat Dairy Cooperatives- Planted 5.92 crore trees in 2007 to 2015

Vodafone India- Planted 3 lakh trees in 2017

Reliance Foundation- Planted 23 lakhs saplings in Maharashtra

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NTPC planted 20 million trees

ONGC planted 20 lakh trees covering 800 acres in 2015

Many other corporates are engaged in reforestation through CSR.

But, there are some companies who are focused on humans and less towards environment. They

wanted to increase the number of consumers by advertising themselves through the CSR activities

like spending on education, sanitation, rural development, sports, etc. This is not wrong because

they are helping the humans but for now days we are facing the major issue of climate change. If

don‘t focus on this issue immediately then there are chances of any mishap and can cause of further

increase in problems to human and other living being on earth.

CONCLUSION:

The corporates can play vital role in reforestation through their CSR activities. There is need to see

the priorities of sectors based on immediate action and there is need of action with regard to

environment. The deforestation is already showing its impact in the form of climate change, global

warming, drought, flood, etc. and taking lives of animals on earth.The companies who are

extracting sources from environment not much focused to pay back to it and spend crores on

humans‘ survival. We need to fix to it in our mind that if there are no forests then no oxygen; no

oxygen means, no life on earth. It‘s now or never.

REFERENCES

Madhumita Chatterji (2014), Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford University Press, New Delhi

Subhasis Ray and S. Siva Raju (2014), Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility: Indian

Perspectives, Springer

Sanjay K. Agarwal (2008), Corporate Social Responsibility in India, Sage Publishers

Open Government Data Platform India, Government of India, https://community.data.gov.in/forest-

cover-of-india-from-1987-to-2015/

World Wildlife Foundation,

http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/deforestation/importance_forests/

World Wildlife Foundation, https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation

The Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india-unlimited/csr

Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt. of India,

http://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/csrdatasummary.html

Unit-1 Goals and Objectives of Human Resource Planning, Corporate Social Responsibility

IGNOU, http://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/21357

https://community.data.gov.in/forest-cover-of-india-from-1987-to-2015/

https://community.data.gov.in/forest-cover-of-india-from-1987-to-2015/

http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/deforestation/importance_forests/

https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india-unlimited/csr

http://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/csrdatasummary.html

http://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/21357



59


Forbes,https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2012/02/21/six-reasons-companies-should-embrace-

csr/#75661ac83495

Live Science, https://www.livescience.com/27692-deforestation.html

Data, World Bank Group,

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?end=2015&start=1990&view=char

t

National Geographic,https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-

warming/deforestation/#close

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, http://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/caa6ca1d-

0fe5-4afd-a569-4aeffba96a11/cop21_booklet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

National Thermal Power Corporation Limited, http://www.ntpc.co.in/en/environment/afforestation

Aditya Birla Group, sustainability.adityabirla.com

Grow Trees.com, https://www.grow-trees.com/corporate-program.php

Reliance Foundation, https://www.reliancefoundation.org/documents/20182/20857/english-press-

release-Reliance-Foundation-plant-50000-tress-July-2016.pdf/56b89244-5309-4128-8919-

0649ff23e751

Vodafone India Limited,www.vodafone.in

UNEP, web.unep.org

Sankalp Taru.org,http://www.sankalptaru.org/corporate-front-page

https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2012/02/21/six-reasons-companies-should-embrace-csr/#75661ac83495

https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2012/02/21/six-reasons-companies-should-embrace-csr/#75661ac83495

https://www.livescience.com/27692-deforestation.html

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?end=2015&start=1990&view=chart

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?end=2015&start=1990&view=chart

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/#close

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/#close

http://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/caa6ca1d-0fe5-4afd-a569-4aeffba96a11/cop21_booklet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

http://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/caa6ca1d-0fe5-4afd-a569-4aeffba96a11/cop21_booklet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

http://www.ntpc.co.in/en/environment/afforestation

https://www.grow-trees.com/corporate-program.php

https://www.reliancefoundation.org/documents/20182/20857/english-press-release-Reliance-Foundation-plant-50000-tress-July-2016.pdf/56b89244-5309-4128-8919-0649ff23e751



http://www.vodafone.in/

http://www.sankalptaru.org/corporate-front-page

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: EMERGING TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

IN INDIA

Dr. Allam Joseph Praveen Kumar

Associate professor

Dept of Management studies

Sphoorthy engineering college Hyderabad

Mail: [email protected] cell: 8008406875

ABSTRACT

In the current scenario corporate social responsibility(CSR) paying a vital role to be compete with their

environment and in India corporate social responsibility role was aggrandized with the start of eminent

Tata industries and had started so many charities in the name of corporate social responsibility. It is a

continuous commitment that companies should have towards the economic, social and environmental

development of the community in which they operate. Thus Companies now are setting up specific

departments and teams that develop policies, strategies and goals which are for their CSR programs and

assign separate budgets to support them. Several companies have now passionately taken up to the cause of

CSR in countries with rising economies such as India.

Key words: corporate social responsibility, community development, govt guidelines, issues.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is popularly known as a system of gauging an

organization‘s bearing on society and weighing their responsibilities. CSR is not just about getting

involved in some charitable practices or having biological responsibility and a recycling policy. It

is about the whole representation of the company which is to be considered, from internal

practices to their clients, taking in every step that a business takes during its usual operations.

Corporate social responsibility is sustainable which involves companies to take up activities

without having negative impact on their business. In India several companies have started

realizing that it is a sensible move to take up CSR activities and amalgamate it with their business

process. Corporations are becoming increasingly aware of their role towards the society. They are

responsible bodies that feel a sense of duty towards the common welfare and the environment.

This comes with a growing realization that they, as an integral part of this society themselves, can

contribute to its upliftment and empower of the entire country in turn. These programs are based

on well-defined social beliefs or are carefully aligned with the companies‘ business domain. In the

mailto:[email protected]



61


modern era, the new generation of corporate leaders considers optimization of profits as the key,

rather than the maximization of profit.

START OF CSR ACTIVITIES IN INDIA

The World Business Council on Sustainable Development [8] defines CSR as ―the commitment

of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their

families and local community and society at large to improve their quality of life‖. Corporate

social responsibility can be defined as ethical payback of corporate house towards the society‗.

Oldest of Indian corporate [3] are still leading CSR activities in Indian society with TATA itself

contributing to an extent of 64%. Indian CSR activities were driven by the ethical beliefs of the

founding fathers and their philanthropic ideas in pre-liberalization era [7]. These activities had

very less accountability and transparency in them. The level of commitment towards the projects

that were conducted was less and so were allocation of resource and planning for the same.

OBJECTIVES

To examine the need and importance of CSR.

To examine the role of CSR in India.

To analyse the Trends of CSR in India.

To determine the CSR Activities Of Some Indian Companies.

To examine the Issues & Challenges of CSR in India.

TRENDS OF CSR IN INDIA

SOURCE: IJBMR

Phases Period Year Nature Of Csr

I. Pre-

industrialization

1800 CSR activities were undertaken in the form of

philanthropy with religious belief

II.

Pre-

industrialization

1800-1914

CSR activities were undertaken in the form of

donations with social welfare objectives

III.

Industrialization

1950-1980

CSR activities were undertaken in the form of

responsible behaviour with progressive approach

IV.

Post

industrialization

1980-until

today

CSR activities are being performed in various forms

by keeping in view multi-stakeholders benefit.

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In India, in the pre independence era, the businesses which pioneered industrialisation along with

fighting for independence also followed the idea. They put the idea into action by setting up

charitable foundations, educational and healthcare institutions, and trusts for community

development. The donations either monetary or otherwise were irregular activities of charity or

philanthropy that was taken out of personal savings which neither belonged to the shareholders nor

did it constitute an integral part of business. The term CSR itself came in to common use in the

early 1970s although it was hardly ever shortened. By late 1990s, the concept was fully

recognized; people and institutions across all sections of society started supporting it.

ISSUES AND CHALLANGES OF CSR IN INDIA

LACK OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CSR ACTIVITIES

There is a lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to CSR

activities of companies. This is largely attributable to the fact that there exists little or no

knowledge about CSR within the local communities as no serious efforts have been made to

spread awareness about CSR and instil confidence in the local communities about such initiatives.

The situation is further aggravated by a lack of communication between the company and the

community at the grassroots.

NEED TO BUILD LOCAL CAPACITIES

There is a need for capacity building of the local non-governmental organizations as there is

serious dearth of trained and efficient organizations that can effectively contribute to the ongoing

CSR activities initiated by companies. This seriously compromises scaling up of CSR initiatives

and subsequently limits the scope of such activities.

ISSUES OF TRANSPARENCY

Lack of transparency is one of the key issues brought forth by the survey. There is an expression

by the companies that there exists lack of transparency on the part of the local implementing

agencies as they do not make adequate efforts to disclose information on their programs, audit

issues, impact assessment and utilization of funds. This reported lack of transparency negatively

impacts the process of trust building between companies and local communities, which is a key to

the success of any CSR initiative at the local level.

NON-AVAILABILITY OF WELL ORGANIZED NON-GOVERNMENTAL

ORGANIZATIONS

It is also reported that there is non-availability of well organized nongovernmental organizations in

remote and rural areas that can assess and identify real needs of the community and work along



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with companies to ensure successful implementation of CSR activities. This also builds the case

for investing in local communities by way of building their capacities to undertake development

projects at local levels.

VISIBILITY FACTOR

The role of media in highlighting good cases of successful CSR initiatives is welcomed as it

spreads good stories and sensitizes the local population about various ongoing CSR init iatives of

companies. This apparent influence of gaining visibility and branding exercise often leads many

nongovernmental organizations to involve themselves in event-based programs; in the process,

they often miss out on meaningful grassroots interventions.

NARROW PERCEPTION TOWARDS CSR INITIATIVES

Non-governmental organizations and Government agencies usually possess a narrow outlook

towards the CSR initiatives of companies, often defining CSR initiatives more donor-driven than

local in approach. As a result, they find it hard to decide whether they should participate in such

activities at all in medium and long run.

NON-AVAILABILITY OF CLEAR CSR GUIDELINES

There are no clear cut statutory guidelines or policy directives to give a definitive direction to CSR

initiatives of companies. It is found that the scale of CSR initiatives of companies should depend

upon their business size and profile. In other words, the bigger the company, the bigger is its CSR

program.

LACK OF CONSENSUS ON IMPLEMENTING CSR ISSUES

There is a lack of consensus amongst local agencies regarding CSR projects. This lack of

consensus often results in duplication of activities by corporate houses in areas of their

intervention. This results in a competitive spirit between local implementing agencies rather than

building collaborative approaches on issues. This factor limits company‘s abilities to undertake

impact assessment of their initiatives from time to time.

FINDINGS

An insight into the history of CSR reveals that till 1990s it was exclusively dominated by the idea

of philanthropy. Considering CSR as an act of philanthropy, businesses often constrained

themselves to one time financial grant and did not commit their resources for such projects.

Moreover, businesses never kept the stakeholder in mind while planning for such initiatives,

thereby reducing the worth and efficiency of CSR initiatives. However, over the last few years, the

concept of CSR has been changing. There has been an clear transition from giving as an obligation

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or charity to giving as a strategy or responsibility. Review of the case studies and work done on

CSR by companies in India suggests that the CSR is slowly moving away from charity and

dependence and starting to build on empowerment and partnership.

Nowadays corporate are treating CSR as a separate entity and dedicate attention to it. Most of the

corporate have a vision and mission statements often at the corporate level or sometimes at the

CSR level that compel their CSR initiative. Discussions are made to choose specific issues and

initiatives. It has been observed that the areas they choose somewhere relate to their core values.

Companies today are increasingly sensitive about their social role. The companies not only

concentrate on how they will position their product or how they will sell it but also they have a

social strategy because they have started feeling that brands are built not only around good quality

of the product; but also around emotions and values that people ascribe to those products.

CSR ACTIVITIES AS PER SCHEDULE VII

The Companies Act, 2013 (‗2013 Act‘), enacted on 29 August 2013 on accord of Hon‘ble

President‘s assent, has the potential to be a historic milestone, as it aims to improve corporate

governance, simplify regulations, enhance the interests of minority investors and for the first time

legislates the role of whistle-blowers. The new law will replace the nearly 60-year-old Companies

Act, 1956 (‗1956 Act‘).

The 2013 Act has introduced several provisions which would change the way Indian corporate do

business and one such provision is spending on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities.

CSR, which has largely been voluntary contribution, by corporate has now been included in law.

Basis the CSR provisions, as laid down under the 2013 Act and the draft CSR rules made available

for public comments, in this bulletin we bring out the key provisions, analysis and challenges

relating to the compliance of these provisions for companies to consider.

CSR ACTIVITIES TO INCLUDE

- Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty.

- Promotion of education.

- Promoting gender equality and empowering women.

- Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health

- Combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria

and other diseases

- Ensuring environmental sustainability

- Employment enhancing vocational skills



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- Social business projects

- Contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the

Central Government or the State Governments for socio-economic development and relief and

funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes,

minorities and women; and such other matters as may be prescribed

The 2013 Act provides that the company shall give preference to the local area and areas

around it where it operates.

CSR APPROACHES IN INDIA

Based on our study we present the following chart that depicts the major approaches used by

top Indian corporations to pursue their CSR activities.

64 corporations, in our sample of top 200 Indian corporations have their own dedicated

foundations to carry out their CSR activities. Foundations are not for profit organizations created

for serving the society through various activities such as education development etc. In India

foundations are generally registered as charitable trusts for the purpose of social development

through poverty eradication programs, healthcare development programs etc. Hindustan Unilever,

an Indian FMCG major promotes Unilever foundation, set up 2 years ago which to work towards

improving the lives of poor in local communities and simultaneously nurtures markets of the

future. The Unilever Foundation is a key initiative taken by Hindustan Unilever to achieve its

ambitious goal of helping more than one billion people to improve their health and well-being and,

in turn, create a sustainable future. (Unilever Foundation,2012) Therefore, CSR works through

foundations of firms not only to achieve the compliance objectives but also to build markets for the

future, where no market exists today.

Chart 1: CSR Approaches adopted by Firms in India

(Numbers in the chart denote, the number of companies out of 200 companies in our sample)

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62 out of the 200 Indian companies in our sample of the companies in India work with NGOs,

charitable trusts and other like-minded organizations for achieving their objectives of carrying out

development in the society in which these organizations operate. For example Jet airways, India's

leading airline with the widest domestic network and operations in 24 international destinations

across 4 continents, works with several NGOs to carry out its CSR activities.

46 of companies in our sample of work in collaboration with different government agencies for

carrying out their CSR activities. Essar‘s CSR is guided by E3 model, Entrepreneurship, Education

and Environment. (Essar Foundation, Guiding Principles, 2012). This corresponds with the United

Nations‘ Millennium Development Goals also endorsed by the Government of India.

18 companies in our sample, were involved directly in CSR activities. For example, Havells India

Limited, a $1.3 billion and one of the top 5 lighting companies of the world provides mid-day meals

to around 350 government schools in Alwar district of Rajasthan, covering 30,000 students per day

(Havells, CSR initiatives, 2012).

12 companies, in our sample pursue their CSR by provisioning health care facilities for the

backward sections of the society. For example, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd. one of the

oldest pharmaceuticals company in India having a turnover of Rs 26,990 millon, and employing

over 3500 people has as a mission statement ―to improve the quality of life by enabling people to do

more, feel better and live longer‖.

10 companies in our sample maintains special funding for CSR activities and also keeps provisions

of reserve funding for CSR for the next financial year so that the CSR plans and activities of the

company can be planned and carried out strategically throughout the year. For example, Oil and

Natural Gas Limited (ONGC), emphasizes transformation of the organization from "Philanthropy"

to "stakeholder participation".

Chart 2: CSR activities (number of companies) practiced by Indian Corporations



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IMPLICATIONS

Study shows that most companies in India engage with local communities near their area of

operations, and the beneficiaries of CSR activities are generally the local population. The

companies should try to develop scalable models of CSR that can be extended across the nation

using local NGO‘s in each geographical area, a very helpful resource yet at a low cost. Scalable

models will be helpful in expanding the socio-economic impact of CSR activities of the corporate.

Larger socio-economic value creation can then be equated as a proxy for legitimacy that goes

beyond local communities in the near vicinity of the business operations. But taking a more holistic

view of CSR is irreplaceable since currently, in our sample of companies, we observe that most

firms have adopted the same sectors for CSR (e.g., healthcare, or education), and then they spend

CSR budgets on a project to project basis (doing some health camps, adopting a village, building a

road, maintaining a facility, and so on). Such project to project variations in CSR initiatives is

seemingly devoid of a strategy , and also shows a lack of synergy with business operations. An

attempt to align the business strategy with CSR strategy will help firms to leverage their CSR

expenditures. Therefore, we suggest a directional change in perspective Indian corporates take in

planning and strategizing their CSR operations in India.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In order to crystal gaze the future of CSR in India and take time bound steps to mainstream it, the

recommendations of the survey are firm indications of the existing state of affairs in the CSR

domain; they correspondingly call for necessary and appropriate steps to be initiated to put CSR on

firmer ground. Keeping in view the broad results of the survey, the following recommendations are

listed for serious consideration by all concerned stakeholders for their effective operationalization

to deepen CSR in the company‘s core business and to build collaborative relationships and effective

networks with all involved.

It is found that there is a need for creation of awareness about CSR amongst the general public to

make CSR initiatives more effective. This awareness generation can be taken up by various

stakeholders including the media to highlight the good work done by corporate houses in this area.

This will bring about effective changes in the approach and attitude of the public towards CSR

initiatives undertaken by corporate houses. This effort will also motivate other corporate houses to

join the league and play an effective role in addressing issues such as access to education, health

care and livelihood opportunities for a large number of people in India through their innovative

CSR practices. Thus, the social justice agenda of the day would be fulfilled more meaningfully.

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It is recommended that appropriate steps be undertaken to address the issue of building effective

bridges amongst all important stakeholders for the successful implementation of CSR initiatives. As

a result, a long term and sustainable perspective on CSR activities should be built into the existing

and future strategies of all stakeholders involved in CSR initiatives.

It is noted that only medium and large corporate houses are involved in CSR activities, that too in

selected geographical areas. This issue builds a case for more companies to be brought under the

CSR domain. To address the issue of reaching out to wider geographical areas, the involvement of

small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the CSR domain will be essential. It is recommended that

a campaign should be launched to both spread awareness on CSR issues amongst the general public

as well as to involve SMEs to participate more actively in CSR initiatives. This will help CSR reach

out to other locations and cover a large number of communities and help companies play a valuable

role in addressing various social and development issues. This approach will help CSR get

ingrained into the DNA of core business activities of companies.

It is found that many CSR initiatives and programs are taken up in urban areas and localities. As a

result, the impact of such projects does not reach the needy and the poor in the rural areas. This

does not mean that there are no poor and needy in urban India; they too equally suffer from want of

basic facilities and services. While focusing on urban areas, it is recommended that companies

should also actively consider their interventions in rural areas on education, health, girl child and

child labour as this will directly benefit rural people. After all, more than 70 per cent people still

reside in rural India.

It is noted that the Government should consider rewarding and recognizing corporate houses and

their partner non-governmental organizations implementing projects that effectively cover the poor

and the underprivileged. Incentives to be offered to the private sector to strengthen their good work

must include a formal partnership with local administration, easy grant of 12A, 80G and Foreign

Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) license and other fiscal incentives including matching project

grants and tax breaks for social and development projects. This will be instrumental in encouraging

enhanced voluntary participation of greater number of corporate houses in CSR activities.

It is noted that CSR as a subject or discipline should be made compulsory at business schools and in

colleges and universities to sensitize students about social and development issues and the role of

CSR in helping corporate houses strike a judicious balance between their business and societal

concerns. Such an approach will encourage and motivate young minds, prepare them face future

development challenges and help them work towards finding more innovative solutions to the



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concerns of the needy and the poor. It is recommended that involvement of professionals from the

corporate sector, nongovernmental

organizations and business schools would be key in ensuring youth participation in civic issues.

It is found that there are approximately 250 corporate houses in the country that are directly

involved in various CSR initiatives. These companies continue to decide their own projects

depending on a number of parameters. These efforts are driven purely by the company‘s operational

perspectives and ease of implementation of their CSR projects. As there are a number of companies

involved in CSR activities, it is recommended that an accreditation mechanism should be put in

place for companies through an independent agency for mainstreaming and institutionalizing CSR

in the main business framework of the companies.

It is found that the companies involved in CSR in which it implement projects in the areas of health,

education, environment, livelihood, disaster management and women empowerment, to mention a

few. In many such contexts, it‘s noticed that companies end up duplicating each others‘ efforts on

similar projects in the same geographical locations. This creates problems and induces a

competitive spirit amongst companies. Considering the diverse issues and different contexts that

exist currently in the CSR domain, it is recommended that companies involved in CSR activities

urgently consider pooling their efforts into building a national alliance for corporate social

responsibility.

CONCLUSION

The new economic era in India i.e. the post-liberalization phase of the Indian economy was a

catalyst for the radical transformation in the corporate social responsibility related practices in the

country, the change was twofold: transformation of the conceptual understanding of corporate social

responsibility and innovations at the implementation level. At the conceptual level, there was a

fundamental transformation from the charity-oriented approach to the stakeholder-oriented

approach where the target group was seen as stakeholder in the community whose well-being was

integral to the long term success of the company. However, the real revolution occurred at the

implementation stages where companies have started committing manpower, expertise in addition

to financial resources in order to provide a host of services, programs and schemes that are flexible

enough to accommodate the needs of the target community. The CSR initiatives have also see

greater people participation at all stages and tighter accountability standards. The issue of norms for

corporate social responsibility seems to have been adequately dealt with by industry practices like

benchmarking, CSR ratings and certification by different agencies.

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While the situation in the private sector seems satisfactory, there is fierce debate on the social role

of the Indian public sector in the post-liberalization phase especially in the light of the twin

processes of privatization and the dismantling of monopoly/quota regimes. There is a need for

extensive research especially in form of empirical studies to address the questions related to this

issue.

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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT – A CSR INITIATIVE OF MINERAL FOUNDATION OF

GOA

Dr S.V.Sukthankar Mr.Prashant K. Adkonkar

Associate Professor of Commerce Student, M.Com-I

Post Graduate Department of Commerce

Govt College of Arts, Science & Commerce

Khandola, Marcela -Goa.

E-Mail: [email protected] E.Mail [email protected]

Mobile No:9403174623 Mobile No:7507632162

ABSTRACT

Corporate Social Responsibility is a subject under which numerous issues can be grouped including training

and education, capacity building, leadership, health and safety, working conditions, human rights,

stakeholder engagement and corporate governance. Every company are building specialized CSR teams to

formulate policies, strategies, goals and budget. It is how company manages to create positive impact on the

society which improves economic development ethically. It is the key business process for Sustainable

development of the society.

Women empowerment is the key to strengthen their participation in the decision-making which is the most

important key to socio-economic development. This also enables to fulfil the company‟s commitment to be a

socially responsible corporate citizen. Mineral Foundation of Goa is a Non Government Organization which

is funded by mining industry of Goa. The Mineral foundation of Goa is widely dedicated to the promotion of

education, environmental and social development programme. The present papers highlight the corporate

social responsibilities of Mineral Foundation of Goa in general with special reference to women

empowerment in Goa during the study period.

Key words: Corporate Social responsibility (CSR), Mineral Foundation of Goa (MFG), Education, Women

Empowerment.

INTRODUCTION

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES (CSR)

In today‘s generation corporate social responsibility plays a very important role. CSR came to India

from western economies and has been evolving in due course of time. It is the responsibility of an

organization for operating within society to contribute towards economic, social and environmental

development that creates positive impact on the society at large. The companies Act 2013, opens

doors to a wide range of sectors for the companies to divert their certain amount of funds for social

activities. Corporate Social Responsibility is continuing commitment by business to behave

ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the




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workforce and their families as well as of the local communities and society at large. CSR is a

crosscutting topic under which numerous issues can be grouped including training and education,

capacity building, leadership, health and safety, working conditions, human rights, stakeholder

engagement and corporate governance. It is how companies manage their business process to

produce an overall positive impact on society, which covers sustainability, social impact and ethics.

Corporate social responsibility is an ability to have positive impact in the community. It provides

opportunities to an individual to be involved in company‘s social activities which can be beneficial

by acquiring new skills which in turn can be applied in the workplace. Thus, it encourages

professional and personal development. Here, corporate employees have the chance to contribute to

work and causes that they might feel passionate about, or learn something entirely new which can

help enrich their own perspectives. By supporting these activities, organisations work towards

growth and support for employees. A CSR approach to education and training involves engagement

in long-term, sustainable relationships characterized by mutual benefit and enhanced

competitiveness at both the firm and country levels. Educational degree is considered as a proof of

the knowledge by many and can help in getting new ideas about social responsibilities. If a person

is educated he has more chances of being heard and taken seriously. Education to women is the

most powerful instrument of changing their position in the society.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Corporate social responsibility is not just donating money it is essentially a voluntary activity that

serves as a bridge between the corporation and the society as a whole. . Every company has

specialized CSR teams which formulates the policies, strategies, goals and budget. It is about an

organisation taking responsibility for the impacts of its decisions and activities on all aspects of

society, the community and the environment. Corporate Social Responsibility is more of

contributing to the health and welfare of society, operating transparently and ethically. Employees

have also been shown to be more engaged and to perform better when they feel good about their

company‘s CSR involvement. By making employees aware of the company‘s efforts to give back

and celebrating these efforts, you can help employees become more actively engaged with their

work, and do better work overall.

A strong corporate social responsibility framework is essential to build and maintain the trust

between the company and clients. Themes and programs are often determined by values,

philosophy and policies of the company. Mere programs of employee‘s engagement will not be

enough to fulfil a company‘s CSR commitment; it would require regular and structured

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/48722169/how-does-doing-good-matter-effects-corporate-citizenship-employees

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1348/096317909X477495/abstract

74



interventions. Empowering and educating women may benefit overall development of the society.

Women empowerment is to make them well educated and leave them free so that they are capable

to take their own decisions in any field. In all, we are in need to empower women so that they can

be independent and not rely on men of our country to support them and take care of them.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

We have head that Mineral Foundation of Goa has been undertaking various socially responsibility

activities over the one and half decades. Keen interests of ours to socially responsible activities as

well as interest in empowering women made us to write this paper.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this research paper is ―To study the CSR initiatives of Mineral Foundation of

Goa with respect to women empowerment‖.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Sample of the study: Mineral Foundation of Goa

Method of data collection: The present paper is based on primary and secondary data:

Primary Data: Primary data has been collected by visiting the company and interviewing

the officials of Mineral Foundation of Goa.

Secondary Data: Secondary data is collected from various websites and by referring

published annual reports of the MFG from 2000-01 to 2015-16.

Data analysis and interpretation: The data so collected was proposed against the theoretical back

ground to arrive at conclusion and to provide meaningful suggestion.

Scope Of The Study: The geographical scope of the study is confined to the Mineral Foundation of

Goa. The topical scope focuses on the CSR activities provided by the Mineral Foundation of Goa,

and the analytical scope covers the fulfilment of the objectives set out.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The required historical data has been collected only from the annual reports of Mineral

Foundation of Goa (MFG) and hence suffers from the limitation inherent there in.

The required information is made available orally by the concerned authorities of Mineral

Foundation of Goa and hence suffers from the limitation of authenticity.

INTRODUCTION TO MINERAL FOUNDATION OF GOA (MFG)

Mineral Foundation Goa (MFG) was formed as a Non Government Organisation funded and

promoted by the mining industries of Goa on 12th December, 2000. Since, from the date of

commencement Mineral Foundation of Goa practices various corporate social activities for the



75


betterment of local people, to find practical solutions to protect the environment and to improve

people‘s lives in the mining belt of Goa. MFG along with its partners serves nearly 80 villages

distributed in 21 Panchayats.

They aim at addressing environmental and social issues concerning the communities in the mining

belt of Goa through formulation and implementation of developmental programmes. They

contribute to the economic and social development of the local communities. They try to improve

the conditions of women, old age people and the youth of the region through various means. They

have their own approach in agricultural, livestock, forestry and other activities. Their entire projects

are undertaken contributed development of mining regions of Goa. Where earlier it was functioning

in silo, the Foundation now implements developmental programmes in partnership with numerous

central and state government bodies, as well as independent and non-profit organisations.

The Foundation has created various assets for the benefit of the community as a whole through

funds contributed by mining companies. These include projects to develop and construct bandharas,

bandhs, irrigation channels, crematoriums, anganwadis, classrooms, toilets, libraries, laboratories,

etc. The Foundation has also made significant contributions to support the student community and

empower communities living in and around the mining belt. Initiatives in this area include training

for teachers, scholarships for students, health camps, career counselling, education about

environment-related issues, women empowerment programmes and more.

The results of all the initiatives undertaken by MFG have been very encouraging and provide

further impetus to the Foundation to continue working in this direction, and increase its rate of

success. They have conducted and does various social activities for the people who are there in the

mining belt of Goa.

Latest projects they are undergoing:

Scholarship Schemes

Solid waste management

Watershed management

Women empowerment

Bio diversity projects

Training to Anganwadi workers

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT INITIATIVES OF MINERAL FOUNDATION OF GOA

Empowerment helps an individual to build confidence, insight and understand the situations, and

develop personal skills. It helps to analyze situations and communicate more effectively with

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others. Empowerment may reveal sources of managerial talent, which were previously

unrecognised, and creating circumstances in which such talent can flourish. Empowering women is

all about encouraging self empowerment, self esteem, personal growth, spiritual growth and

reclaiming authentic power.

Empowerment comes through education, as education brings about an inherent and

permanent change in a person's thinking and capacity to do things in future. Because of education

development of society takes place. Women are more vulnerable to environmental degradation and

climate change but also have different perspectives, concerns and ideas for change. Until these are

taken into consideration, empowered women play a full part in decision-making at all levels,

environmental sustainability will remain a distant goal. Women leaders can play a particularly

important role in making the changes away from business as usual. Women who are taking such

responsibility have to hold positions of power and influence in the society, a society where women

continue to be in the minority.

An Organization can play a key role on creating greater awareness among their members of this

potential and advising on how to adapt policies and practices at the company level for women‘s

talent to be optimized and for women to participate in decision-making and so improve business

outcomes. Educating a girl or woman can build pillars and brings in positive impact for socio-

economic transformation of the society. Thus, it refers to the creation of an environment for women

where they can make their own decisions for their personal benefits as well as for the benefit of the

society. Corporate houses can provide the push for the progress of women by improving

employment opportunities and increasing their participation in economic activities. Many of them

who may be indirectly utilising women in their production process as home based workers could

also consider providing better rates or extending other benefits.

Mineral foundation of Goa provides sought of educational facilities and training to students as well

as to women who are residing at mining belt of Goa. It helps them to come out from the village

with good knowledge and with good skills. It helps the girl-student to go for their higher studies and

educate many more. For this Mineral Foundation Of Goa take certain initiatives in the form of

providing scholarship and giving training to Anganwadi teachers, and by motivating and

empowering women who are residing in mining belt of Goa.

TRAINING TO ANGANWADI TEACHERS AND HELPERS:

―Training plays a vital role to keep employees updated with the fast changing technologies,

concepts, values and environment‖. Mineral foundation of Goa in collaboration with Gomantak Bal



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Shikshan Parishad (GBSP) Borim- Ponda conducts various training programs to Anganwadi

teachers who teaches in that mining belt villages. Anganwadi teachers have training orientation for

five days in which they are taught how to teach the students, how to take care about them and other

topics related to physical, cognitive, emotional, social and language development of child. It‘s a

skill development practical oriented program.

Gomantak Bal Shikshan Parishad (GBSP) provide all kind of wood made training kits to the kids of

Aanganwadis. They believe that instead of learning ABCD, the kids should learn motive skill like

touch, smell, different types of taste and all kinds of senses. Then Anganwadi teachers (Baie) teach

their students all techniques which she learned in the orientation. All practical orientation takes

place in Marathi language. Workers or helpers of Anganwadi are trained for four days to maintain

cleanliness in and around areas, give proper meals to the kid students etc. For this training

programme they charge minimum INR 100 as a registration fee. A volunteer from GBSP take visit

to see whether they are practicing the given training to them.

FORMATION OF SELF HELP GROUPS

The best forms of socio-economic empowerment that brings about structural change in rural

societies and economy is Self Help Groups (SHG). They come together for the purpose of solving

their common problems. Formation of Self Help Group helps the village women to come with their

skills and showcase to people who are not aware of them. It indicates that women are equally

treated as men in today‘s generation. Mineral foundation conduct at present formed 217 Self Help

Groups of those women who are residing in the mining belt of Goa. Self help group helps in

generate employment opportunities. SHG are formed with the aim of saving and generating some

money by the women and to have interactive bonding in the village.

CREDIT LINKAGE

Mineral Foundation of Goa have purchased and given machinery to the Self help group to make the

work It has also started the tailoring classes for women from January 2018. However, training

activities has slow down as compared to earlier years due to shortage of funds. Therefore, they have

joined with NABARD and got project on E-Shakti programme. E-Shakti is the documentation of

self help group. Here, the details of the group and all the required information of the group

members are collected.MFG staff and volunteers go to each and every self help group by giving

them form to fill. Under this project MFG have to collect the data of 6 Talukas in 3 months which

are coming under them. NABARD is now providing the required funds to Mineral Foundation,

which in turn provide this credit to SHG‘s. A workshop along with bank managers and NABARD

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was planned to explain the easy method of credit linkages and 35 groups were credit linked for the

year.

AWARENESS TALKS

Mineral foundation of Goa took the initiative to deliver the talk to the ladies, so they captured self

hep group which are coming under mining belt of Goa. Various workshops were conducted by

MFG to ladies of those villages for the purpose of forming a Self Help Group. The importance of

few being together was introduced and explained them how they can progress through various

means by forming a small group. After that to those Self Help Groups, awareness lectures on breast

cancer and nutrition were conducted. MFG also conducts lectures on solid waste to the ladies of

Self Help Group. MFG has a lady volunteers who go in the villages every month to make aware

about the waste management as well as health related issues. At present Ms. Shraddha Dalal staff of

MFG gives talk to them.

TRAINING PROGRAMME

Mineral Foundation of Goa provides training to Self Help Groups. They teach the ladies how to

keep books of account, how to maintain all the records and transactions, to prepare various food

items. They even provide training on stitching and tailoring, beautification, computer education,

soft toys manufacturing, creative painting, fashion designing and handicrafts. They teach them how

to prepare various masalas, paper bags, etc. Skilled development programmes are organized and

afford is made to market their handmade products through exhibition sale counter. Here they take

the help of the special children‘s of Keshav Seva Sadhan Institute -Bicholim. They give training to

those special children‘s also, wherein ladies of SHG prepare Agarbatti (Incense Sticks) and those

special children‘s help them in packing those sticks. MFG have recently started with handmade

papers. SHG women train those children also so that they can do something in their future.

BENEFITS FOR SHG

The women are mostly illiterate in those villages of mining area, but the Mineral Foundation of Goa

came forward and taught them basic things like writing their names, initials, etc. National Rural

Livelihood Mission has their branch in the state of Goa as State Rural Livelihood Mission. Self

Help Group is like micro enterprises, so government is also trying help them by forming

Federations. It‘s a scheme by government which is planning to do Federation for Self Help Group

members to unite with other groups and create awareness of all the schemes available to women.

They prepare food items, handicrafts and sell them in the market. Ultimately they are getting self

employed. MFG along with SHG of mining belt of Goa participated in the Caculo Mall Panaji-Goa,



79


Caculo Mall had theirCSR activities, so they gave stalls for 10days to any person who is into micro

enterprises. SHG formed by MFG took one stall for them and they selling diyas and lantern, and the

benefit went to the ladies and special children.

CONCLUSION

A strong corporate social responsibility framework is essential to build and maintain the trust

between the company and clients. Every company are building specialized CSR teams to formulate

policies, strategies, goals and budget. Mineral Foundation Goa is a Non Government Organisation

funded and promoted by the mining industries of Goa. They contribute to the economic and social

development of the local communities. Company try to improve the conditions of women, old age

people and the youth of the region through various means. Empowering and educating women may

benefit development of the society. Women empowerment is to make them well educated and leave

them free so that they are capable to take their own decisions in any field.

We are in need to empower women so that they can be independent and not rely on men of our

country to support them and take care of them. Mineral foundation of Goa takes initiatives for the

women who are residing in the mining belt of Goa. MFG gives training to Anganwadi Teachers,

help the Self Help Groups to be productive and to take initiative in doing something. MFG even

conducts awareness and training programs to them. They train them to be independent, come up

with their talent and innovative ideas and even earn through selling out their handmade products.

REFERENCE

Gomes Teresa (2012): ―Human Resource Management‖, Dominant Publisher and Distributer

(P) Ltd.

Annual Reports:

Annual Reports of Mineral Foundation Of Goa from 2000-01 to 2015-2016.

Websites:

http://www.goamining.org/index.php/organisation/mfg

http://managementstudyguide.com/importance-of-corporate-social-responsibility.htm

http://www.samhita.org/csr-in-education-education-landscape-in-india-highlighting-needs-

and-interventions-for-csr/

http://www.indiacelebrating.com/speech/women-empowerment-speech/

http://cubegroup.com.au/top-5-benefits-of-corporate-social-responsibility/

http://www.goamining.org/index.php/organisation/mfg

http://managementstudyguide.com/importance-of-corporate-social-responsibility.htm

http://www.samhita.org/csr-in-education-education-landscape-in-india-highlighting-needs-and-interventions-for-csr/

http://www.samhita.org/csr-in-education-education-landscape-in-india-highlighting-needs-and-interventions-for-csr/

http://www.indiacelebrating.com/speech/women-empowerment-speech/


80



A CASE STUDY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILY (CSR) OF

VEDANTA LIMITED WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO SPORTS

Dr.S.V.Suktankar Mr.Sidhesh G.Girodkar

Associate Professor of Commerce Student: M.Com Part I

Post Graduate Department of Commerce

Govt. College of Arts, Science &Commerce

Khandola, Marcela –Goa

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an emerging subject in research. Corporate social

responsibility is the continuing commitment by corporate houses to behave ethically towards

society and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the

workforce as well as local communities and society at large. The Companies Act, 2013 provides

that 2% of last 3 years average profits of Companies to be provided for CSR activities.

Vedanta is globally diversified natural resource company. Vedanta Ltd in Goa is mainly is into the

business of mining, manufacturing of pig iron & coke. Vedanta limited plays a very important role

and takes a lot of initiative towards the betterment of the society. Vedanta Ltd firmly believes in

making local people a participant in the growth process of organisation and work as a facilitator for

socio-economic transformation. Football in Goa is a more than a passion and runs through the veins

of every Goan. The paper studies as how Vedanta Ltd identifies talented youngster from Goa as

well as other part of India, who are passionate about football and develops them into professional

footballers. The present paper highlights the CSR initiatives of Vedanta Ltd with respect to sports in

general and football in particular during the study period. This study will be useful to the public to

know the contribution of Vedanta towards sports.

Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Vedanta ltd, sports.

INTRODUCTION

The voluntary compliance of social and ecological responsibility of companies is called corporate social

responsibility. CSR is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and

environment. Corporate social responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically

and contribute to economic development while improving quality of life of the workforce and their families

as well as local communities and society at large. Undertaking Corporate Social Responsibility company





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gain trust and loyalty from the customer and employees. In today‘s world company is doing business

globally so corporate social responsibility activities have a positive impact which will improve the

performance of the business.

Every company engaged in a business, used raw material from the environment so it is a responsibility of

every company to do something which is beneficiary to the society where they carry out the operation.

Corporate social responsibility addresses many areas such as human rights, corporate governance, health and

safety, environmental effects, working conditions and contributing to economic development. The CSR

provisions within the Act is applicable to companies with an annual turnover of 1,000 crore INR and more,

or a net worth of 500 crore INR and more, or a net profit of five crore INR and more. The Act encourages

companies to spend at least 2% of their average net profit in the previous three years on CSR activities.


We have heard that Sesa Goa Ltd. (Now Vedanta) has been undertaking various social responsibility

activities over a last few decades. So much that even before introduction of Companies Act 2013 they used

to undertake the CSR activities. Keen interest of ours to socially responsible activities and as well as interest

in Football made us to write this paper. We wanted to highlight the achievement done in Football as a post of

CSR activities of Vedanta Ltd.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The main objective of this research paper is ―To Study the CSR initiatives of Vedanta Ltd with respect to

Sports in General and Football in particular during the study period‖

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Sample of the study: Vedanta Ltd

Method of data collection: The present paper is based on primary and secondary data:

Primary data: The primary data was collected by personally visiting The Sesa Football academy and

interfering the officials and football coaches.

Secondary data: The secondary data is collected through published annual report of Vedanta Ltd and

published data on website.

DATA ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION:

The data so collected was proceed against the theoretical background to arrive at conclusion and to provide

meaningful suggestions

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The geographical scope of the paper is confined to mining belt of Goa. The topical scope focuses on study on

CSR activities with act to Football. The analytical scope covers fulfilment of objectives and functional scope

confined to offering suggestion.

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LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The required historical data is collected only from the annual reports of Vedanta Ltd and hence

suffers from the limitations interest there in.

The required information is made available orally and suffers from the limitation of authenticat ion.

INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA LIMITED

Vedanta Limited, formerly known as Sesa Sterlite/ Sesa Goa Limited, a Vedanta Group company is

one of the world‘s largest global diversified natural resource major‘s with operation across zinc –

lead – silver, oil and gas, iron ore, copper, aluminium and commercial power.

Sesa Goa iron ore, a Vedanta Group Company is engaged in exploration, mining and processing of

iron ore. The company was founded in 1954, Scambieconomici SA Goa. Since then, it has grown to

be one among the top low-cost producers of iron ore in the country. During 1991 – 1995, it

diversified into the manufacture of pig iron and metallurgical coke. It has also developed

indigenous and environment – friendly technology for producing high quality metallurgical coke.

The company has a presence across India, South Africa, Namibia, Australia and Ireland. Vedanta

Limited is the Indian subsidiary of Vedanta Resource Plc., a London listed company. Governance

and Sustainable Development are at the core of Vedanta‘s strategy, with a strong focus on health,

safety and environment and on enhancing the lives of local communities. Vedanta ltd firmly

believes in making local people a participant in the growth process of organization and works as a

facilitator for socio economic development of local communities.

Sesa Goa Limited was incorporated as a Private Limited Company in 1963 under the Companies

Act 1956. In 1979, Sesa Goa private limited was formed with the merger of Sesa Goa limited with

another mining company in Goa. In 1981, Sesa Goa limited became a public limited company with

60% equity with Indian shareholders. In 1996, Mitsui and Co. Ltd of Japan acquired Finsider

International, along with its 51% stake in Sesa Goa limited in 2007. Vedanta Limited –Sesa Goa

Iron Ore was awarded for ―Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Goa for 2017. Vedanta

Limited –Sesa Goa Iron Ore was awarded for ―Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in

Goa for 2017.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES OF VEDANTA LTD. WITH

RESPECT TO FOOTBALL

Sports plays a measure role in one‘s life, sports are basically all physical activities or the games

played by individual or groups either for competition or for ones entertainment and it helps to be

strong, fit, healthy. For company seeking to develop successful CSR programmes, sports therefore



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offers a readymade and flexible platform that can be adapted to wide variety of objectives.

Football is a more than a passion and runs through the veins of every Goans. Countless tournaments

organised in the state every year receives a large amount of enthusiastic participation from

youngster. With its six major professional teams participating in international and national football

circuits, Goa has been a football powerhouse, for more than two decades, winning numerous

national tournament at both, senior or junior level. In order to enhance and contribute to the sport‘s

development in Goa, Sesa Goa limited launched the sesa football academy (SFA) with the vision to

be the premier academy in India producing future international footballers from the state of Goa.

Sesa Goa, have committed itself to strengthening its bond with Goa and football plays in vital role

in nurturing and promoting football talent in Goa. SFA established its first academy campus in 1999

at the location of rehabilitated mine in Sanquelim Goa. SFA is a unit of SESA community

development foundation, promoted by Sesa Goa limited, with the sole objective of being of service

to the community in and around its operational areas. SFA has two academies; the Sanquelim

campus, which began functioning from June 1999, and the Sirsaim campus, which was established

June 2008 at Sirsaim, Goa.

Sesa football academy has the following stated objectives:

To provide world class football training and coaching education for academy payers and coaches.

To position itself as an inspirational destination for the Goan football community.

To search for, identify and nature young in Goa who are passionate about football

To create an educational environment this produces champions both on and off the field.

AN OVERVIEW

Since 1998, SFA through its two academies at Sanquelim and Sirsaim identifies talented youngster,

who are passionate about football, induct them to the residential programme at the academy and

over the period of four years, nurtures and develops them as a professional footballer and well-

disciplined citizens. Till the last batch, the academy at Saquelim has passed out 93 boys, some of

whom have represented India internationally and many are perusing their football career with major

clubs. Alumni such as Mickey Fernandez, Rowilson Rodrigues, and Denzil Franco and Adil Ahmed

khan have gone to represent India in various international competitions. In its progress to

continually upgrade its programme, SFA partnered with various organisations to bring in best

international practices to its academies.

Mr. Brahmanand Shankhwalkar,Anarjuna Awardee, one of the India‘s finest goalkeepers and an

international footballer is the administrator of the academy. Each campus has two resident coaches,

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who plan and execute the training programme, along with the support of the doctors,

physiotherapists, another staff to assist and manage the affairs of the teams and academies.

Specialist coaches are also invited to provide additional guidance during the programme.

Training is composite and includes psychological technical and tactical aspects. Nutritional needs

of the student are carefully monitored and take care by charting out a balanced diet spread from

breakfast to dinner. Students are also given orientation in sports medicine, physiological assessment

and physiotherapy. Each week incorporates daily football training, together with competitive

matches, as well as on and off the pitch sessions focusing on the technicality aspects of the game.

Both academies are fully residential with on-site accommodation, and all student welfare,

education, transportation, etc. borne by the sesa.

SANQUELIM ACADEMY

The Sesa Sanqulim football academy, with 36 players, is a four year residential program admitting

18 students every two years. The Sanqulim residential Academy is built on the Sanqulim reclaim

mine site with a beautiful football ground, well established gymnasium, a complete hostel facility

along with a recreation centre. All expenses including those incurred on the trainee‘s academic

studies are borne by the academy. After passing out, student can aspired to join the national

professional football ranks or pursue other carriers.

The academy selects the 36 promising students on the basis of their performance in various

tournament/ coaching camps and open trials conducted. The trainees are inducted into SFA in

tandem with academic session of school/ colleges, so that their education is not disturbed. Prior to

admission, trainees are required to undergo medical fitness examination. Parent/guardians of the

trainees admitted to SFA are required to understand and accept rules and regulation of the SFA to

ensure their support in the development of their wards. This academy is basically for Goans player.

Facilities at the Sanquelim campus include a regulation size football ground built to exacting

standards and a state of art training gymnasium along with the requisite equipment. Tutors are

arranged Avery day to guide students in their academics.

SIRSAIM ACADEMY

The young talent along with football training within a disciplined regime, new infrastructures at

Sirsaim was inaugurated on 14 Feb 2010. Built at an approximate cost of Rs 4crores, it has entire

infrastructure required for a football training programme of international standards. The Sirsaim

academy has 30 trainees in its four-year residential programme, with a batch of 15 trainees admitted

every two years.



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The campus has a football turf complex for players and maintained round the year by a

professional agency ,a residential complex for players and coaches, an in –house gymnasium, an

indoor sports hall, a audio-visual room, a sauna bath facility, canteen, dispensary and administrative

block housing the offices of the academy. In this academy players are admitted apart from Goa.

In the last two years, the Sirsaim academy has been an active participant in the Goa professional

league. SFA he plans to add a spectator stand, a swimming pool and a half pinch artificial turf. A

tie–up with a top international professional club is also in the pipeline.

SESA FOOTBALL SCHOOL

Sesa football school is a unique young talent development programme launched by the SFA in the

year 2012. This programme organised with the objectives of identifying and promoting young talent

and to identify boys under the age of 14 years from the nearby schools and provide them with non-

residential football training. 28 boys, from the village of the Bicholim region in Goa were selected

to the first batch, and inducted in an inauguration programme held in 2012.

These boys will undergo a 2 year programme, consisting of both practice and theoretical training,

provided twice a week. They will undergo training under the supervision of the coaching team of

SFA. Further, these boys also have an opportunity to participate in the under 14 tournament, which

are organised under the GFA and by other clubs. During the training, trainees will be provided

transportation facilities and also be covered under a personal accident scheme among other benefits.

SESA WOMAN LEAGUE

Women are important element of our society. The modern society has started recognising the

individual identity of woman. She is believed to have her aspiration, abilities and qualities as a man

does have and it is also agreed that she should have the opportunity to develop her faculties and to

express them according to her own choice. In the year 2017 SFA organised woman league and give

platform to the village woman to show their performance. Fleming orange, Panjim Dolphins, Albert

princes, SCC Santa Cruz club, Goa Vela sporting Club, Sorting club Goa this six team are actively

participate and mostly all players are from village.

TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Since 2008, Sesa‘s Sirsaim Academy has been an active participant in the Goa professional league,

besides participating in the second division of the I-league, Governor‘s cup and various other

tournaments. The academy is purposely designed and fitted to cater for all the needs of the players,

coaches and other staff. The academy continues to identify new partnerships with various

organisation, agencies to further its practices, on tactical training programme to international

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standards.SFA collaborated with libero sports, to enhance its player representation, branding and

marketing efforts and also to bring in fruitful partnerships with others professional soccer agencies.

SFA also participates and partners with other soccer teams to conduct tournament and provide a

competitive environment for its trainees to enable them enhance their skill level and also to

showcase their talent. SFA also conduct the annual Sesa cup tournament with the participation of

local teams. It is interesting to note that, while none of the top-notch club in Goa have a single

football ground of their own, SFA has a two turfs in Goa created in restored mining land, proving

that mining too cam contribute to sustainable development and progress of the community. SFA

have a two international player as a trainee from Namibia but they cannot play for competitive

matches in Goa as well for India. Technical director is Advert from Spain, goalkeeper coach Nevis

Fernandez, Ajay Acharya and charley Dias are the present coaches. Annually, on average, Rs.3

cores are spent on running the SFA.

RECENT ACHIEVEMENT OF SESA FOOTBALL ACADEMY

Champion of 2nd division U-20 tournament, Goa Football Association (GFA).

Two players selected for Goa state U-19 team for school NATIONAL FUTSAL CHAMPIONSHIP

2017.

One boy selected by Reliance youth development as a brand ambassador of Goa state.

13 trainees were selected for Goa State U-19 BC Roy tournament held at Punjab.

Mr Malcom Gonsalves was selected for Directorate of Sports Youth U-17 Football tournament held

at Telangana on behalf of Goa state.

Sesa Football Academy trainee, JovialFernandez, selected for the 15 days training programme with

Allianz Football camp in Munich, Germany.

17 boys of Sesa football academy represented progress high school, Sanqulim Goa who win the

Subroto Mukherjee championship by defeating st Alex higher secondary school in the final played

at Tilakmaidan ,Vasco in august 2014.

Won Football Maha Sangram 2013, All India IDEA CUP Football Tournament.

Won the under -16 Goa Football Association Tournament 2013 deafeating Dempo Sports Club.

SFA participated in the under-20 I League Football Tournament organised by all India Football

Federation at Jamshedpur and emerged 3rd after Pune FC AND TFA.

SFA emerged champion of Goa Zone of AIFF organised I League under 19 Tournament beating

Dempo SC, Salgaonkar FC, Sporting Club and Churchill in 2013.

SFA Participated in the GFA organised under-20 tournament for the Taca Goa Cup 2014.



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CONCLUSION

Vedanta is globally diversified natural resources company with low cost operation. They are

focusing on the sustainable development, inclusive growth and greater value creation for all internal

and external stakeholder. Vedanta ltd firmly believes in making local people a participant in the

growth process of organization and works as a facilitator for socio economic development of local

communities. As sports are really an important activity for everyone as it keeps body healthy and

fit, Vedanta Ltd plays a very important role toward the sports specifically in Football. Sesa

identifies talented youngster, who are passionate about football, induct them to the residential

programme at the academy and over the period of four years, nurtures and develops them as a

professional footballer and well- disciplined citizens. Vedanta Ltd. gives platform to rural youngster

to showcase their talent through their football academy.

REFERENCE

http://cubegroup.com.au/top-5-benefits-of-corporate-social-responsibility/www.sesagoaironore.com

http://www.vedantaresources.com

http://www.corporatesocialresponsibility.com

www.vedantalimited.com/sustainable-development-community.aspx



http://www.vedantaresources.com/

http://www.corporatesocialresponsibility.com/

http://www.vedantalimited.com/sustainable-development-community.aspx

88



CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF BHIL TRIBES

OF NANDURBAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

Prof. Madan Jahangir Padvi, Assistant Professor

Department of Political Science, Mudhoji College Phaltan, Satara

Email Id : [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Attainment of community development through government policies has begun with the independence of

India. Planning commission of India has introduced five years plans to achieve the integrated development

of country. Various sectors have got boost and succeed in achieving the objectives of development through

continues efforts and they privileged with the different policy matters. But integrated community

development is concerned, which is neglected by both the government and private sector, especially tribal

community neglected extremely. Corporate also given importance to the development of the urban and rural

communities rather concentrate on tribal community, where they resides in remote and forest area.

Therefore this study has concentrate on to know “Corporate Social Responsibility and Empowerment of Bhil

Tribes of Nandurbar Dist- Maharashtra State, India. Present paper explores the corporate effort towards the

empowerment of the Bhil tribes of the Nandurbar district of Maharashtra state. Exploratory research design

adopted was for this purpose and secondary data uses.

INTRODUCTION

Since independence, development of Tribal, rural and urban communities are the prime objective of

the government, but the efforts and results of seven decades are not in active condition. Five years

plans concentrated on development of agriculture and industrial sector, but community

development activities are not up to the mark. Community development activities for the Bhil tribes

are poor in number and nature. All Bhil tribes don‘t have land ownership and their living conditions

are also not so good when compare to the rural and urban communities. Bhil tribal people are those

who live in forests and have no direct link to modern society. Further provided with the land

ownership to all is practically not possible, but imparting quality education, technical skills, and

basic infrastructure is possible. Community development is a process designed to create conditions

of economic and social progress for the whole community with its active participation and fullest

possible reliance upon the community‘s initiative. Industries are increasing considerable after

adopting new economic policy in 90s decades and they have adopted many communities for the

developmental initiatives, but Bhil tribes were not concentrate for the integrated development and

empowerment.



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ORIGIN OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The government policies, laws, program me‘s and society as whole fail to give social, economic,

political, expose to the Bhil tribes. National policy on tribes have introduced inherent rights to use

the by products of forest by Bhil tribes but forest is not remained safe for them due to the

deforestation and administrative restriction on free movement in the forest area and economic life

of the also in critical condition as the main source of income of the is by products of forest, and

they have decreasing considerably. Therefore social, cultural and economic life of them is in

trauma. Public opportunities in education and employment as concern, they have poor enrollment

for education and represents less number in public employment opportunities. Political

representation of them is almost nil. Poor literacy rate, lack in awareness about their rights,

restricted economic opportunities, poor political representations are made their life miserable. It

means they away with the socio-economic and political privileges.

REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SUBJECT:

INTERNATIONAL STATUS

The indigenous and tribal : convention 107 of 1957 and Convention 169 of 1989. convention 107

has been ratified by 27 countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh in Asia. It has force of

law under international law. Convention 169 has been ratified only by fourteen countries. The

definitions of indigenous and tribal‘s as in the conventions are furnished at annexure I (a) and (b).

Convention 107 refers to tribal and semi-tribal populations and then mentions indigenous

populations as special category within their social orbit. It tends to project a teleological world-view

of the tribal and semi-tribal peoples shedding their distinct identity. Though ‗indigenous‘

populations possess tribal and semi tribal attributes they are defined as distinct international entity

being victims of external conquest or invasion. Obviously it refers to the Americas and Oceania. In

the case of tribal peoples ―integration is highlighted where as is respect of the mainstream

indigenous‖ the focus is negatively on conformity with western social economic or cultural

institutions which in other words implies assimilation. This patronizing ethnocentric bias in

Convention 107 dismayed many thinking people – tribal or non-tribal. However the ILO

Convention 169 of 1989 adopted a different approach. While Article 1 of Convention 169 stipulates

self identification as a fundamental criterion it eschews the concept of stage of advancement and

focuses on distinctiveness. But it is silent on the nature of this distinctiveness. Besides, while in

Convention 107 indigenous social entities have been explicitly stated to be special category of tribal

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and semi-tribal social formation with a history attached to them, no such link is explicitly

mentioned in Convention 169

NATIONAL STATUS

In the rapid growth of industrialization and economic growth of country, the tribal communities of

India are still dependent upon hunting, fishing or simple form of agriculture and residing in rural

areas. The Bhil aboriginal tribal communities of India are described by different names by

anthropologists such as; sir Herbert Risley and Lacy, Mr. Elvin & A. V Thakor called them

‗aboriginal‘, Sir Baines included them under the category of ‗hill tribes‘, Mr. Griyerson regards

them as ‗hill tribes are wilder aboriginal‘, while Mr. Sheobert called them aborigines they have

been regarded as ‗animists‘ by Tallents Sedgwick, and Martine & Dr. Hutton calls them as ‗Bhil

tribes‘ Mr. Bains calls them ‗Jungle people‘ forest tribes are folk. The eminent Indian

Anthropologist and sociologist Dr. Ghage calls them ‗backward Hindus‘. Dr. Das and Das rename

them as submerge humanity

MAHARASHTRA STATUS

The Middle Indian State of Maharashtra, once part of several kingdoms and princely states of

repute in the Deccan peninsula, is rich its historic, cultural and anthropological heritage. The State

is the home 10, 51023 tribal people, of whom belong to the bhil group. Although these people

represent only 21.2% per cent of the population of the State, there are as many as 45 different tribes

notified by the Government o India, living Maharashtra

STATUS OF NANDURBAR

Bhils are adivasis of central Indian origin. The Bhil tribes are divided into a number of endogamous

territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. Most Bhils now speak the

language of the region they reside in. Originally hunters and soldiers, they are mostly agricultural

workers with hunting and gathering remaining a significant subsidiary occupation The Bhil

population in Maharashtra is and are scattered in most districts of the state, more so in Uttar

Maharashtra Nandurbar Dhule Jalgaon.

RESEARCH GAPS

1. Majority of studies have not concentrated on socio economic empowerment of Bhil tribes. Rather

they have concentrated on infrastructure development.

2. No study or CSR programs have concentrating on inherent rights of utility of forest and by

products of forest by tribes and ethnic uniqueness of them.



91



Section 135 of the companies Act 2013 denotes that every company, private limits or public

limited, which either had a net worth of Rs. 500 corer or a turnover of Rs. 1,000 corer or net profit

of Rs. 5 corer, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding

three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities. The CSR activities should no be

undertaken in the normal course of business and must be with respect to any of the activities

mentioned in Schedule VII of the 2013 Act. Therefore study is significant in terms of knowing

efforts of corporate sector in development of Bhil communities of Nandurbar.

(iii) Objectives

i) To study the effort of corporate sector in providing Basic infrastructure for the Bhil tribes.

ii) To explore the corporate efforts in improving socio-economic life style of Bhil tribes.

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study intended to examine and explain the role of corporate sector in promoting socio-

economic life of Bhil tribes communities of Nandurbar district. The study based on secondary data

along with the primary observation of the researcher. Explorative research design adopted for this

purpose as very less studies have been done and researcher intended to explore new opportunities

for the empowerment of Bhil tribes through corporate sector.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

This Paper is designed with the used of secondary sources, academic articles, online journals,

expert‘s expressions and self-observations to comprehend and analyze the new wave of improving

the life style of the Bhil tribes.

UNIVERSE

Nandurbar and Dhule Jalgaon region of the North Maharashtra would be the universe for this study;

where Bhil tribes residing since thousands of years. These areas also covered with the huge number

of MNC who are implemented many CSR activities with the intention of community development.

CORPORATE CONTRIBUTION AND EMPOWERMENT

Concept of empowerment connotes the socio economic and political development of the

community; in addition health, education, skill development, gender equality, and social justice are

also interdisciplinary approaches of the integrated development and empowerment. Companies

ACT 2013 has given direction to mandatory investment on community development as a means of

social responsibility. In this connection, corporate implementing various community development

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activities in the area of their operation. Bhil tribes are also have been given priority to provide

services for their empowerment. Details of activities are as below: Contribution towards personal

and public health and community medicine:

Many corporate established the primary health centre, community health centre‘s private clinics,

and company hospitals for the benefit of the community members of the establishment. Bhil tribes

are concentrated more in this regard in the Nandurbar District.

Most of time communities provided with the Free medicines, Ambulance services, Blood bank

service, Immunization programmers‘ , Mobile medical units, Pathological lab, X-Ra. Facilities,

preventive medicine, health check-up camps on family planning, mother and child care and

specialized camps for eye care and for cataract; coordinating regular pulse polio immunization

drives; and promoting the awareness, prevention and treatment a malaria, water – borne diseases,

TB, HIV/ADIS, and others diseases.

CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS LITERACY AND EDUCATION.

Most of corporate have given prominence to education, particularly elementary education. Adult

education activities are strictly monitoring by the corporate, Bhil tribes provided with the both the

formal and informal education in order in improve their writing, reading and understanding ability.

Anganawadi established by the corporate providing preprimary education, immunization support,

quality food for the underprivileged children‘s and children‘s from the tribal communities. To

promote girl child enrollment and enrollment of child from the underprivileged communities merit

scholarships and many schemes implemented by the many corporate. Further, corporate

contributing text books, uniforms, all other basic infrastructure, class room equipments and

undertaken construction and maintenance of school buildings.

TATA TRUST EDUCATION ACTIVITES

Nandurbar district in Maharashtra lags behind on all socio-economic indicators. Since the tribal

population of Nandurbar migrates in search of employment after the October harvest, children stay

in school only four months a year. This takes a heavy toll on learning and leads to early drops outs,

exacerbating the lack of schooling and affecting literacy. As per 2011 Census the average rate of

literacy in Nandurbar is only 63 percent the lowest in the state; literacy among the women is even

lower 54 percent. Literacy hurdles were also aggravated because the medium of instruction is

Marathi; the tribal‘s spoke either Pawari or Bhilori.

To mitigate the problems, Tata Trust has been supporting education projects in Dhadgaon block

since 2008.The focus of the interventions has been on demonstrating improved quality of education



93


at pre-school and primary schools.Currently,Tata Trusts is partnering with ―Jan Seva Mandal‖ and

―Janarth Adivasi Vikas Sanstha‖ to operate Balbhavans in schools. The objective is to improve

students‘ learning outcomes especially in Marathi and Mathematics by offerings them additional

classes. Apart from this a sport program me and a resource centre in the block education office have

also been operationalised. Nandurbar District Institute: Helped benefits 395 students with library

activities. Provided mathematical remedial classes to 52 students. Provided treatment and care

2400 people.

LUPIN FOUNDATION CSR ACTIVITY IN NANDURBAR

In Lupin Foundation established a center act Nandurbar to cover the most backward district in

terms of HOI Report in Maharashtra Nandurbar is also a district with highest percentage of tribal

population in the state Nandurbar has chosen. Lupin foundation as its implementing partner for

WSHG program me in the district. Centre has done remarkable in terms of fund mobilization and

women empowerments through WSHG.The center is currently operational in 232 villages of 3

blocks of the district and is also expanding its works the skill development and livelihood

development programs.

THE ARYA SKILLS TRAINING CENTRE

Trains women in skill such as Rexene Handicraft, tailoring, food processing, lamination,

electronics assembly, Rangoli and fabric design, Beauty Parlour. Like many other coprate also

design and implemented various training and skill developmental activities in view of the integrated

development of bhil tribes and also under privileged communities of the society.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT ACTIVITIES

Women Empowerment comprises social, economical and political sustained condition of women

empowerment through their initiation under the CSR activities. Most of corporate concentrating

economic sustainability of women who belongs to marginalized sections and even bhill tribal

women also given priority in this regarded. Thousands of women benefited with the self help

groups [SHG] micro credit and micro finance schemes, helping small scale women entrepreneurs to

start their own firms and earn financial status with the high dignity. Further they are doing financial

through their own SHGs for agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry business. Such support

and direction by the corporate helped them a lot for economic growth and financial freedom.

Dhadgaon of Nandurbar district promoting SHG activities by providing by assistance in Micro

credit and micro finance schemes, entrepreneurship building, oil-processing units, tailoring centre‘s,

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horticulture and nutrition gardens, diesel and hand pump repair, vermin compost production,

mushrrom cultivation, food processing etc.

FURTHER CORPORATE CREATING -

1. Awareness building activities in the field of:-Health and sanitation, family planning, literacy

drives and microfinance; facilitating government loans for small scale-enterprise and rural

insurance schemes, etc.

2. Also corporate working for Social causes like:-Promoting dowerless marriages and re-

marriages. Through this corporate empowering women and particularly women‘s from

deprived communities and bhill tribes concentrated more.

PADGILWAR CORPORATION CSR ACTIVITY

Nandurbar is a small district in Maharashtra. The main livelihood of people in the area is farming

district is mainly surrounded by small villages and tribal area where large number of tribal coming

is reading. This is a story of a tribal resident in Borcheck village Padgilwar Corporation, helped to

transform socio-economic status of the poor tribal women Mrs.Gavit and her family.

CHALLENGES: - There was no rice mill before 2010 in Khandbara village. Farmers had to travel

at least 35 km from village to take paddy and get cleaned rice from the mill. Setting up of Rice Mill

in villages saved the time and money and increased income as well. Solution:- Dr. Hedgewar Seva

Samiti supervised Krisi Vigyan Kendra [KVK] took the initiative to motivate poor farmers to come

together and form a Farmers‘ Cooperative Society. To promote value additional rice, farm produces

of tribal farmers, the KVK motivated them to procure the ‗Mobile Rice Mill ‗So 2010 this activity

started in Khandbara village cluster under which 8 villages appear.

BENEFITS:- It saved time and money of hundreds of bhill tribal‘s farmer. Nearby 8 villages

farmers were benefitted. Farmers could sale their cleaned rice for Rs.35 per kg which was earlier

at Rs.12 per kg.This increased there substantially. It helped for the livelihood of Gavit family

through self-employment. They also trained two tribal advisis about Mobile Rice Mill usage.

CONCLUSION

Government efforts trough corporate support tribal groups can be promoted in many ways,

programmers‘ like Make in India, Start -Up etc are initiatives taken towards empowerment of these

sections. Such programmers‘ can generate job opportunities and tribal groups should be given

priority for employment on the basis of their skill and ability. Social project should be designed,

and implemented properly by the corporate sector, particularly having concern of welfare of the

bhill tribes, very importantly inherent rights of tribal groups should be protested and their ethnic



95


identity must be respect. Development is the only key solution for all the kinds of social ills and

community development. Hence it‘s the major social responsibility of private sector to invest and

involve in the development of bhill tribes in true spirit. Corporate from the Nandurbar district are

implemented various developmental programs and activities for the integrated development of the

bhill tribes in this region, further the have to modify in to the program me and policies according to

the need of the time in order to fulfill the societal needs,scientificneed analysis must be undertake,

by which needs to be priorities. Therefore social workers analyses the need of the community with

the help of community members and priorities them. Various clients groups, NGO government

officials of the community take active part in the process of need analysis and ideas of member to

be incorporate with the proposals of needs of the community. Beyond development of hard

infrastructure investment on soft infrastructure is expected. Therefore literacy and training and

development activities skill development activities must be design more in number, through that

these communities can sustain all the way.

Reference

http://shodganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/73509/11/chapter%205.pdf24.11.2017,12.33pm.

http://www.iol.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asiaro-

bangkok/documents/presntation/wcms099176.pdf19.12.2016,12.49pm.

http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/-indigenous-issues/iol-convention107html

global 24.10.2017,12.56pm

[PDF]09capter3.pdf-

Shodganga,shodhaganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/96257/…/09_chapter%203.p22-12-

2015,3.33pm.

WCD Department Jamshedii Tata Trust and unichef of communication management of acute

malnutrition project report Nandurbar 2015/16.

Lupin Human Welfare and research foundation project report Nandurbar 2015.

Mobile rice mill a way o economical transforming of Nandurbar district CSR activities state

government of Maharashtra MACP and world Band report 2017.

Bhil adivasis in Nandurbar district –Shodhganga 2016.

Human development in India HOI Nandurbar district- Shodhganga a reserviovor of Indian theses a

inflibnet 2015.

Patil. G.C, And Patel.Y.C [2015]CSR and Empowerment of Marginalised Sections.

Pawar.S.G,[2014].The role of social Worker in Community Development.

96



NEW SKILL DEVELOPMENT POLICY „SKILL INDIA‟ －POSSIBILITY AND ISSUES

Dr. Kukund M. Mundargi Mr. Santosh D Chippadi

Assistant Professor Guest Faculty

Dept of Commerce

Rani Channamma University, Belgavi

Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

In India, the new skill development policy has started and expectations from stakeholders including multi-

national companies, non-governmental organizations, and people who suffer from unemployment are mixed

towards the training policy „Skill India (SI)‟.The government expects the country to have a drastic change to

skilled nation. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) investments in the country tend to shift from

philanthropy to create new social values, e.g. skill development and social business (SB) promotions with

appropriate trainings for young people. The aim of this article is to find out what exactly the tendencies of

Indian Corporate Social Responsibility investments regarding the new policy and issues are based on the

interview data. And also it tries to find out some possibilities to make the policy work better. The author will

explain and analyze the results of the survey conducted to companies and schools who are main actors to

carry out the mission and discuss possible solutions based on suggestions made by CSR personnel, student

trainees, school teachers, staffs including social workers.

INTRODUCTION

New skill development and personnel training policy of India "Skill India (SI)" has started and the

industries including multi-national companies, non-governmental organizations, and people who

suffer from unemployment and lack of skills are expecting the country to have a drastic change to a

skilled nation (Ghosh, 2015; SWISSNEX, 2015）. The main idea of this policy has also conformed

to some of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, and corporate social

responsibility (CSR) investments in the country tend to shift to skill development and social

business(SB) starting help with appropriate training of young people from other social issues

(UNDP, 2004). The objectives of this study are to find out what the tendencies of Indian Corporate

Social Responsibility investments are and what exactly the corporate expect from the new policy

‗Skill India‘ and also how to make the policy work better. This article will analyze the results of the

survey regarding expectation and issues of the new policy conducted to companies and schools,

who are the main players to carry out the mission. It has become clear that all the ten companies in

the survey expect a good outcome of the new policy, and are shifting their CSR investment to Skill




97


Development. Successfully, many of them already have their own skill training project to obtain

skilled manpower. They have Skill Development Network with other industries and professions,

e.g. banks, social workers and Background India has put (SI) (the new policy for the improvement

in skill and promotion of SB) into operation to provide occupational skill training to young people,

and it has announced the goal of providing400 million young people with skill training by 2022.

And the country wants to be the one with quality labor and talented people's treasury to decrease

unemployment, to improve productivity, and to send quality workers overseas for their economic

development (Datta et al., 2007; GOI 2002, 2008, and 2015). Skill Training and Encouraging SB

Ministry was newly established in 2014 for 'Make in India' promotion (increase the products made

in India). In 2015, SI was put into operation, and the policy conformed to Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2015); improvement in

employment, quality skill, competitiveness and matching and linking job supply and job demand,

clarifying universally acceptable qualifications were strongly aimed for. In order to implement the

strategy successfully, they focus on the following: universal school education, basic skill training,

strengthening a trainer and teacher training; filling the gap of non-skilled and skilled, and

highquality skill training; offering opportunities for socially vulnerable groups, a low caste layer,

and women; potential social business entrepreneur's excavation and activation (Aoki, 2016): full

utilization of CSR. In the country, in 2013 the law that 2% of the company profit whose net profit is

8 million Rupees and more should be invested in CSR was passed. The companies which agree to

this new policy and commit CSR investments to SI are increasing in number (Baxi and Prasad,

2005). However, many issues have been pointed out. This article tries to find out some solutions to

make SI work better based on the research result investigated among companies asking what

expectations and problems are in carrying out the activities, and also based on the survey result

conducted at skill training vocational schools. Study objectives are verifying and identifying

expectations, possibilities, and issues regarding Skill India (SI) from companies‘ view (The survey

was conducted among 10 companies running business in Maharashtra state); and also comparing

two vocational skill training schools, which play main roles in SI, and identifying the factors of

failure and exploring the factors of success. As methodology, interviewing 10 core persons in

charge of CSR of ten different companies (of 1,000 or more employees) in Maharashtra state and

interviewing and conducting a questionnaire for teachers, students and responsible staff in two

vocational training schools (ITI) are used in this research.

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'SKILL INDIA' OCCUPATIONAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF INDIA

In India, 65% of the total population is under 35 years but most of them have limited educational

and skill training opportunity. For this reason, while expansion of job creation is expected with its

economic growth, the government is anxious about the short supply of the labor force with high

quality to meet the demand. The new policy is expected to provide substantial training

opportunities, and the training expense of 5,000-10,000 Rupees per person will be assisted to

3,400,000 young people in five years. And also other supports, including giving the certificates for

the training graduates finishing a certain standard remuneration, will be also given. In response to

the governmental appeal, private enterprises and financial institutions are also positive to offer

vocational training opportunities and CSR investments, and the policy aims at 400 million young

people's training in collaboration with public and private organizations (GOI, 2002，2008，2015).

SOCIAL BUSINESS IN INDIA

The country suffers from many social issues as below, some of which are expected to be solved by

promoting social businesses (Hashimoto, 2016). 1) Child mortality rate (infant death rate per 1,000

births): Although it has improved sharply from 127 in 1970 to 52 in 2008, India has the highest

number of child deaths in the world, with an estimated 1.2 million deaths in 2015 out of 5.9 million

global deaths. 2) Safe water availability: The country has 75.8 million people, at least 5% of its

population, without access to safe water. The majority of those people come from impoverished

communities (living on around $2.31 a day), and are forced to collect dirty water from open ponds

and rivers or spend most of what they earn buying water from tankers. 3) Adult (aged 15 and over)

literacy rate: 66% of total population, although it is still far from the full achievement of universal

elementary school education, the literacy rate is definitely improving. 4) Sanitation: A lack of

sanitary facilities: 49.2%in 2008 is much better than 55.3% in 2005 but still 50 percent of the

households of whole India are carrying out outdoor defecation. 5) Access to electricity: An

electrification rate rises from 56% in 2006 to 67% in 2009 in the village areas, and it has become

94% in urban areas. However, no less than 96,000 villages are without electricity at the end of

November, 2015 (Planning Commission, 2016). Hopefully, however, there are plenty of capable

and talented youth (social workers) in India who have grown up and seen the problems closely,

have received professional education, have high awareness of the issues, and are inspired to solve

them. They are also expected to help those who have potential to start social businesses to solve

those problems (CSR Initiative, 2008).



99


PUBLIC AND PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SKILL TRAINING SCHOOLS (INDUSTRIAL

TRAINING INSTITUTE-ITI)

In order to implement the policy more effectively, private enterprises involving in employee

training or management of ITIs through public and private partnership are actively participating, for

example, there is a company who starts the original program (Flexi-MoU) based on the framework

of the government course curriculum of the employee training scheme (Craftsman Training

System).Some automobile companies are very active in that regard. Some automobile companies

were involved in the management of ITI through Public Private Partnership, and started their own

course curriculum of the training system (CTS).Anotheractive automobile company started skill

improvement centers at 3 ITIs and offered equipment required and the employee volunteers as

teachers. Moreover, there are also companies which have started the comprehensive automobile

maintenance course and body repair / paint course, and have achieved good outcomes under

cooperation with private run ITIs (JICA, 2016).


The new company act of India included mandatory CSR passed Parliament in August, 2013, and

the requirements to CSR are enforced as from April 1, 2014.Those include the mandatory rule of

investing for CSR at least 2% or more of the net earnings gained in the past three years in India and

overseas. The duties of companies‘ CSR including selecting enforcement strategy or a partner,

deciding a project plan, and submitting CSR activity report are imposed. Some of the popular

projects which are main strategies to implement the policy are supporting vocational trainings and

personnel training projects. At the training school ITIs, investments, including building

management capability, raising teachers‘ quality, and changing to new equipment are urgently

needed. For the purpose of improvement in employee capability and productivity, there are many

companies which become a partner company with ITIs, and the ability of the industrial social

worker who works in the CSR department becomes very important to work together with ITIs.

Some consultancy and social work related organizations including Global Impact, an overseas

organization whose specialization is consulting for company‘s entry into India have begun

competitively working. High intensive competition is one of the recent tendencies for ITIs to win or

fail in the field (Srivastava, 2008; NCEUS, 2007).

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN ITI MANAGEMENT

As mentioned above, low quality programs and a lack of talented training personnel are pointed out

and the efforts towards the improvement have been made through Public Private Partnership

100



(Wood, 2008).The main purposes of Public Private Partnership are increasing an employment rate

of trainee students, modernization of institutions, and offering good training courses by appropriate

teachers. The roles expected for the partner companies are supporting financially or offering new

equipment, and training the teachers and trainees of ITIs. The following changes have been

equipment, such as a wide range of substantial books, new desks, chairs, PC and machines for

he factory tours at a partner company,

the contents of the program, safety and quality is very important issues, and successfully it has been

done by company v

-the-spot training at the

factory of a partner company and other support companies has been successful. Some private ITIs

try to corporate with private companies for quality training and employment so that they gain good

talented graduates. There are many companies who consider that building a strong relation with ITI

contributes in favor of obtaining talented new employees (National Knowledge Commission, 2009;

O‘Laughlin, 2008).

INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORK

Industrial social work has performed well in companies for improvement in welfare of employees

and development of personnel. In the US and UK, social workers' roles in a company are generally

consultation concerning employee's child-rearing, family problems and employee‘s absenteeism. In

India the social workers have been playing a wider important role in the vocational skill training

schools (ITI).They understand the needs of the young people in the community, suggest how to

improve curriculum, and try recruiting new trainees (Sankaran and Nadkarni 2005; Sankaran,

2009). The current research result shows, they work with the youth in the community, and

occasionally become a counselor and a role model for them and an indispensable existence for

building a confidential relationship with them.


This research aims to investigate the expectation of companies for 'Skill India' policy, and the CSR

investment tendency of each company. The study was conducted in December 2015 and January

2016. Data was collected in the form of interviews of 10 CSR personnel working for different

companies using a structured questionnaire. Those 10 companies have been actively and

successfully invested in CSR in Pune, Maharashtra. Companies who answered were 10 companies



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who are subject to CSR 2% duty in Pune. Forbes Marshall; SKF Pune, a subsidiary of SKF

Sweden; TATA Motors, whose philosophy of the founder's environmental preservation is famous;

Godrej Foundation, group company which works broadly from home electric appliances to space

technology; Yardi Software, Computer software development, running Yardi e-Learning center,

waste management Social Business support; Tata capital, which supports youth entrepreneur;

Zensar; Harbinger, an IT Software company; Tech Mahindra, IT software, running and supporting

ITI Smart-center; and Creative people social business, which supports hearing disabled people by

developing their potential and creativity of art, designing, and production of crafts and accessories

(this company is not one of the subjected to the CSR duty but the founder is a professional

industrial social worker and encourages other companies‘ CSR investments).

FINDINGS

The personnel of those companies were firstly asked if their company‘s CSR invests the skill

development activities, and all the respondents answered positively. The second question was about

the main reasons for investing. The respondents indicated that the followings were the main reasons

for investing: helping agricultural development in the remote areas, creating more jobs for young

people who do not have skills, social business‘ developing capacity of young people and solving

social issues and encouraging youth independence. Third question asks how your CSR supports the

skill development, through other organizations, or your own original projects? While 3 out of 10

personnel answered as own projects, the other 3 of them answered as cooperating with NGOs or

other organizations. Meanwhile 4 personnel‘s response was through training schools (ITIs).

Answers were varied but we found out after the interview that most of the companies involved in

management help, employee volunteering, and developing innovative programs at ITIs. 7

personnel answered negatively the question of ―Is your project directly related to your company‘s

professions?‖ whereas the only 3 of them responded affirmatively to this question. For

sustainability purpose, companies can invest to directly related project so that companies can

benefit themselves and contribute the society more sustainably. The following question was related

to the evaluation process of CSR investment and the purpose of this process. 80% of them has

objective evaluation because effectiveness and social impact will be affected to their reputation.

Another question aimed to reveal the features of their skill training CSR projects? Though all of the

respondents have their own way of carrying out the projects, main answers are as follows: L&E

(Learning and Earning) students get some income while they learn, they can obtain some

qualifications which are creditable for job searching, they can get individual approach to develop

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their own ability, there is no discrimination towards minorities, lower casts, women and disabled

people, it is encouraging for empowerment, and unemployed scheduled cast (SC) and scheduled

tribes are mainly targeted. NGOs to help starting SB financially and technically.

PROPOSED SUGGESTIONS

Although we could not identify the reason why center B lost the students in numbers but from CSR

persons and industrial social workers we could get some suggestions to make ITI successful and get

better impact of CSR investment. The data suggests curriculum improvements for drop out students

are necessary so that slower learners can continue the program. Encouraging L&E program can

benefit economically disadvantaged students to continue the training. Wider out reaching by private

and public sector networking with help of social workers can benefit recruiting new students.

Programs for higher qualifications and performance evaluation system should be developed for

more motivated students.

CONCLUSION

Mandatory CSR law which imposes the company of 8 million dollars earnings or more to invest 2%

of the profits to CSR has been changing company policy from charity to creating new social values.

Some innovative companies are focusing on skill development for youth to encourage starting SB

especially aiming at sustainable social impact. The big roles of company CSR can be training

mentorship, entrepreneur support by a senior management staff and encouraging innovative social

entrepreneurs, and financial support for training schools and the students. It is also found that

social workers can play a big role in CSR functioning effectively, building youth awareness in skill

development and contributing sustainable social development. It can be concluded that expectation

of companies in India toward the skill development policy considered to be high and their positive

attitude to CSR investments can lead the country economically and socially sustainable.



103


CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

- A COMPILATION OF SUCCESSFUL CASES FROM THE

CSR INTERVENTIONS OF TVS SST

Mr. R.Sankara Narayanan,

M.SW., M.B.A. M.Sc(Psy)., M.A (Soc), M.Phil.,

Asst.Professor,

Department of Social Work(SFS), Madras Christian College, Chennai.

Research Scholar,

Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

Dr.T.Babu,

Professor, Minds Business School, Bangalore.

.

ABSTRACT

CSR represents the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to the economic

development while improving the quality of life of workforce and their families as well as the local

community and society at large. Indian corporate have traversed a long way from being philanthropic to

catering to the long term developmental needs of the community. This paper attempts to study the extent of

Development attained by the target communities served by the CSR Interventions of TVS SST, by portraying

the picture of beneficiaries whose socio economic conditions and quality of life have visibly improved. This

is a qualitative study, presenting the success stories of 3 beneficiaries, one each, representing CSR

interventions on sanitation, Agricultural Development and Women Empowerment and one representing a

community which benefitted out of Environment Preservation initiative of SST.

INTRODUCTION

CSR is about businesses and other organisations going beyond the legal obligation to manage the

impact they have on the environment and society. In particular this could include how organisations

interact with their employees, suppliers, customers and the community in which they operate, as

well as the extent they attempt to protect the environment (Lea, 2002). Corporate Social

responsibility has come a long way in India from just being limited to Philanthropic activities to

taking the lead in initiating actions towards sustainable development. Even today we can see new

corporate entrants into the field of CSR without vision , expertise or comprehensive and long term

perspective of CSR, restricting themselves to one time donations towards Educational activities or

health camps. On the contrary, we do see meaningful work being done by large, traditional

104



business houses like those of the Tatas, Birlas, Godrej, Mahindra and TVS whose CSR initiatives

have evolved, matured over decades presenting models for other corporate to follow. Srinivasan

Services Trust, ( SST) is the social arm of Sundaram Clayton ltd and TVS motor Company

established in the year 1996, with the intent of setting up self reliant communities that could

become models of sustainable development in rural areas. SST has deliberately planned and

executed CSR interventions in the areas of economic development, health care, quality education,

creation and maintenance of infrastructure and conservation of the environment, with the active

involvement of local communities and Government agencies. This paper tries to present a brief

glimpse of community development activities undertaken by TVS SST, by narrating a few select

successful cases from amongst a plentitude of beneficiaries.


Pradhan and Ranjan (2010) study of the CSR Practices of 14 Public and Private Sector companies

shows that all the surveyed companies have CSR Policies and a substantial number of companies

reflect their CSR philosophy or social, environmental and ethical objectives in mission statements,

vision documents, organized policy and plans. It was found that education takes the top priority of

companies surveyed, followed by health and livelihood. About 50 percent surveyed companies take

CSR initiatives in the area of infrastructure and 57 percent in environment which includes planting

of tress, awareness generation on environmental issues. Arevalo and Arvind( 2011) study examines

how corporations in India interpret corporate social responsibility (CSR) under the common CSR

approaches: the ethical, the statist, the liberal, and the stakeholder approach. The paper further seeks

to investigate the reported drivers and barriers to implementing CSR practices. Gautam and Singh

(2010) study explores the various definitions and descriptions of Corporate Social Responsibility

(CSR) and elaborates upon development of CSR in India and studies the theoretical concepts

expounded by various researchers and study the deployment of current CSR practices in India. The

study examines how India‘s top 500 companies view, and conduct their CSR, identifies key CSR

practices and maps these against Global Reporting Initiative standards using secondary data

collection and the use of content analysis technique to assess CSR practices of companies operating

in India.

ORIGINALITY OF THE STUDY: As a vast majority of the studies in CSR have restricted

themselves to analyzing the available secondary data only, this could be considered as a new

attempt to portray Community Development through the CSR Interventions at the micro level, by

describing how these interventions have percolated deep into the level of Individuals and groups in



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the community and on the other side how these developments of Individuals and groups in the

community lead to the development of community as a whole. As Individuals and groups are the

elements of the larger community, this study would help in obtaining an understanding about how

CSR Interventions are leading to Community Development by impacting the lives of Individuals

and groups which have a spread over and ripple effect on the entire community.


This study being an attempt at portraying the successful cases of CSR Interventions is necessarily a

Qualitative one. Case Study Method has been adopted to collect first hand information from the

respondents, from 3 Individuals for their Individual success stories and a cross section of villagers

for the case on Environmental preservation. In depth Interview was used to collect the story from

the successful cases. These cases are representative of CSR Intervention in Hygiene, Women

Empowerment, Agricultural development and Environmental Preservation.


1. To understand the extent of Community Development effected through the CSR

Interventions of TVS SST.

2. To Identify successful cases from among the beneficiaries of the CSR Interventions of TVS

SST, and obtain an insight of the nature of interventions and its impact on the living

conditions of the people concerned.

DISCUSSIONS

This section would present the success stories of the beneficiaries in the various areas of CSR

Interventions undertaken by TVS SST covering different aspects of the CSR Interventions.

CASE STUDY ON CSR INTERVENTION IN SANITATION

This case illustrates how CSR intervention of TVS SST has brought change in the life conditions of

an elderly couple. Komathi,65yrs, lives with her husband 80 yrs, a retired school Teacher, in

Ambedkar Nagar of Thalavaipuramvillage. Though the couple have 4 sons and 2 daughters, none of

them stays with them. The elderly couple lead a lonely life with none to support them.

Esakkimuthu‘s had not been keeping well for the past few years due to conditions like Diabetes and

blood pressure. Over the years, his mobility was also getting curtailed slowly due to arthritis and he

was finding it entirely difficult even to walk to attend nature‘s call. The problem became more the

severe for him, as the couple was not having an Individual Toilet at home and he has to walk a long

way to the fields to defecate himself. At times of serious illnesses, Esakkimuthu becomes

completely bedridden and defecates on the bed itself. The wife keeps the waste at home itself with

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all uneasiness, until it gets dark and then goes and throws the waste away secretly lest she becomes

the object of ridicule by the neighbours.For Komathi it had become a daily struggle, and she was

feeling very embarrassed in doing this, as the defecated waste had to kept at home for a long time

till the dark. She had longed to have an individual Toilet at home as that could greatly mitigate her

problem. On one of the house visits done by the SST Staff as this is one of their target villages, the

staff came to know of the pitiful plight of the couple and motivated the couple that constructing a

Toilet at home is a not an impossible dream. They were told of the Government‘s scheme which

provides Rs. 12,000/- for constructing a Toilet at home. This would not be surely sufficient for

constructing the Toilet. Hence, the couple had to shell out some thousand rupees and along with the

money that was mobilized by the SST Team, an Individual Toilet was constructed in their home,

which brought an end to the elderly couple‘s woes. Now Komathi helps her husband to walk to the

Toilet. This case illustrates how CSR intervention has helped in improving the quality of life of

Individuals in the community.

CASE STUDY ON INTEGRATED FARMING

This case illustrates SST‘s CSR intervention leading to agricultural Development. Today, Stephan

of is a proud farmer, committing himself to increasing the efficiency of his agricultural operations.

But this was not how he was when he returned from abroad, finding himself with no job, and no

idea what to do next.

Let‘s look at the background of Stephan. Stephan completed his B.A B.ed., and went on to work

as a Christian Missionary Teacher in a small African country. As the Jobwas not much paying he

returned to his native village. He owned about 7 acres of Land and long ago he gave up the hope of

carrying on agriculture as the area was drought prone and the shooting costs of fertilizers had made

carrying on agriculture not so remunerative. However on return from abroad, he had no other go but

to try once again his hand in agriculture. During one of the visits of the SST staff to this village, and

during a casual meeting of the staff with the villagers, the staff came to know of the condition of

Stephen. After many interactions, the SST staff, decided to carry on watershed activities by

constructing compartmental bunds in his dry land which could improve the irrigation with the use

of minimal water resources. Also SST gave an idea that he could also carry on manufacturing

organic fertilizer, as he was possessing 6 milch animals at his land which could yield the raw

material for the fertilizer. SST also trained him in constructing a vermin compost pit through which

he can produce organic manure. SST also helped him procuring vermin compost bags. Now he

produces about 400 to 450 kgs.for every 45 day, which saves the average spending of Rs. 60,000/



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per month. Due to SST‘s intervention the Barren land has been converted into cultivable land

primarily due to the compartmental bunds at his land. Stephen was guided by SST to use one part of

his land for cultivated of Dry land horticultural varieties and another part for cultivated of Banana.

Apart from this Stephen also got benefitted by taking his milch animals to the veterinary camps

conducted by TVS SST, which helped in maintaining the health of his cattle, and preventing

deadlier diseases. The guidances provided at the camp also helped in improving the milk yield of

the cattle. All the above measures have resulted in his net income increase of about Rs. 3- 4 Lakhs a

year. This case also shows how concerted efforts of CSR interventions can bring about visible

changes in the lives of poor farmers of the community.

CASE STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

This is the case of how determination backed by constant motivation and the will to change, can

bring about drastic transformation in the lives of the common folk. The Women of Eruvadi are

generally confined to their homesteads with no means of income on their own, and entirely

dependent upon their husbands for meeting the daily needs of the family. The women in this region

are not used to step out of their homes and seek job, due to socio cultural reasons. Women as they

do not earn by themselves, find very little money at their disposal to spend according to their needs.

In such a totally unempowered scenario among women, TVS SST wanted to bring about change in

the lives the women. As SST, had a good experience with the transformative capability of SHGs,

the CSR Team members believed it should induct and train Women SHG members in an

appropriate trade, which is in accordance with the needs and demands of the local community. In

this context, in the continued field work and interaction with the local people of the region, and in

particular with the women SHG members of the locality,TVSSST,came across Mrs.Bheerbanu,

who was very actively involved in taking up the causes of women. The team came to know that she

had expertise in Tailoring. Hence, it was thought that, imparting Tailoring training to other women

through her will be helpful in improving the economic conditions of the impoverished women of

the locality. It was decided that Mrs. Bheerbanu, should be motivated to take up the responsibility

of training other women in Tailoring. Motivating as many as aspiring women to get themselves

enrolled in the Tailoring Training was one of the initial steps to make the program successful.

Enabling these trained women to take up Tailoring as an occupation and making them earn an

income between Rs. 2000 to Rs.4000/- a month was the expected major outcome of the progamme.

One of the major hurdles that had to be overcome for making the Tailoring Training program

happen was to make Bheerbanu agree to conduct the training. Bheerbanu initially hesitated a lot to

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take up the responsibility because she was dependent on how her husband would react for it. When

she opened up the matter to her husband, he completely opposed the idea stating that she should

restrict herself to taking care of the children and husband. Bheerbanu was not initially confident of

getting committed to the program, but coming to know of the reason behind her reluctance SST

team members, talked with her husband and convinced him over the course of time. Once,

Bheerbanu agreed the next obstacle that had to be crossed was to make the aspiring women to be

able to make themselves available for the program.Again it was not a very easy task to convince

women to come and take up the training programme. Most of them were very reluctant to join the

training programme. In the course of the programme SST also trained Bheerbanu to supervise the

SHG accounts weekly. SST‘s work was identifying jobless but aspiring women to enroll in the

course and successfully remain in and complete course. TVS SST also arranged bank loan to

purchase tailoring machine. SST helped 3 women to buy power tailoring machine through bank

loan.So far, 37 rural women have got regular job in tailoring and they are earning up to Rs.130/day,

which is an appreciable income in a backward rural area for women. Some of these women have

even purchased gold ornaments and things like mixers,Grinders and washing machines.18 women‘s

having bank savings more than Rs.20000/-.As the women started showing results, the family

members began to realise the financial and social benefits of the program. They have all begun,

supporting the Tailoring job being undertaken by women. The women are now seen with respect by

the family and community. Now there is no more ridiculing of these women, which was there in the

initial stages of the program. Thus TVS SST‘s intervention has proved successful once again in

nurturing a social leader from among the women and through the leader empowering the other

women of the community too.

CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION

Eruvadi is a 1 st grade Town Panchayat with a population of 19500 people. Among them a

majority of them (65%) are Muslims, and 35% are Hindus. Though it has a mix of religious groups,

one can observe peace and harmony in this village. Eruvadi Town panchayat has a good

infrastructure such with cemented roads and Good Drinking water facilities.There is a river named

―Nambi River‖ flowing across Eruvadi town panchayat. The highly polluted and unusable river,

with waste and stench was once considered to be holy, on the banks of which religious rituals were

conducted. This river had been spoiled through the mixing of Liquid wastes such as, residential

drainage, fish market wastage, butcher shop wastage etc., which has deteriorated the water quality

of the river. People of this village expressed concern at the situation of the river with the SST Team.



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Though once a vibrant river, with the constant addition of untreated effluents into it, had become

unusable. But, none among the villagers nor the local bodies neither thought off nor taken any sort

of action to restore this water body. During the course of SST‘s services in this village, the SST

team observed the dismal state of this river which had gone neglected for years and wanted to do

something to bring back the river to its pristine glory. It realised that for this mission to be

successful, the active co-operation and the participation of all the villagers and the Local bodies is

required. Hence, the SST Team interacted with groups of men and women in these villages

formally as well as informally to create a favourable opinion on the part of the villagers to

accomplish this task of cleaning the river. SHG Women were trained on issues of preservation and

maintenance of water bodies. Farmers groups were also sensitized on the issue as presence of river

water is very vital for their livelihood. Towards sensitizing the public towards this cause, SST

launched awareness campaign on ―liquid waste disposal and ground water conservation‖. SST also

repeatedly prevailed upon the local bodies to take up the cause of cleaning this river, as a result of

which the river has been cleaned now for a stretch of 7 Kms. After this cleaning work has been

carried out, blockages for the free flow of water has been removed and the river adores a good look

and the bad odour that used to emanate from this river has drastically reduced. As a result the

incidence of water borne diseases has also been reduced to a huge extent. One can see a steady

stream of water flowing through this river now, which is a no mean achievement. The water table in

this region has also improved to a great extent. People have been educated not to pollute the river

any more from their side and they remain vigilant in ensuring none pollutes the water anymore. 500

tree saplings were planted to provide better greenery in the village. In order to reduce people

polluting the river with domestic waste, Solid waste management practices were taught to the

people. Many Women were trained in preparing organic manure too from the domestic wastes too.

This case illustrates how concerted efforts through CSR Interventions has led to Environmental

Preservation.

CONCLUSION:

TVS SST has a commendable organizational structure entirely dedicated to the Development and

Transformation of the Rural Communities, which is completely delineated from business activities.

The organization also has an appreciable human resource trained in the Social Sector headed by

Field Directors for each region. The Field Staff of the Organisation make frequent and regular visits

interacting with community members, assessing their needs and enabling community members to

find solutions for their problems. Concerted efforts backed by deliberate planning and

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determination combined with people‘s participation and support can lead to development of

Community is what we get to learn from the above cases.

REFERENCES:

1. Gautam, R& Singh A,(2010) CSR in India: A Study of Top 500 companies, Global

Business and Management Research : An International Journal 2(1) 41-56.

2. Arevalo, J. A., &Aravind, D. (2011). Corporate social responsibilitypractices in India:

approach, drivers, and barriers. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business

in society, 11(4), 399-414.

3. Pradhan, S., &Ranjan, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in ruraldevelopment sector:

evidences from india. School of Doctoral StudiesEuropean Union, 139.

4. Hartmann, M. (2011). Corporate social responsibility in the food sector.European Review of

Agricultural Economics, 38(3), 297-324.



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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IN GOA

Ms.Yanita.C.Palkar

Assistant Professor of Commerce

Government College of Arts, Science and Commerce Khandola Marcela Goa,

Email ID: [email protected].

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibilities have been practiced in Goa for last many decades. With the introduction of

section 135 of the companies Act 2013, which contains the CSR provisions and Schedule VII of the Act,

enumerates activities that are taken as CSR activities such as eradicating hunger, women empowerment,

promoting education, promoting gender equality etc. The paper focuses on the implementation of the CSR

activities and identifying the areas which are not been focused by the corporate sector for the sustainable

development of the society. The collection of data is based on primary and secondary data, through personal

interview, websites, annual reports, and books etc.

It have been suggested in the study that as the activities are already mentioned in the Act the activities

which Government wants to undertake but due to financial problem and other constraints cannot implement,

the corporate sector can help the government or they can start such projects on their own for the betterment

of the society. In India we are behind in research work we depend on other countries for technology so if the

corporate sector helps in developing the research culture in the universities by having tie-ups with the

education system, if the education system is based on the need of the industry it will lead to creation of

employment. Our universities would be listed among the top universities in world. India is the only country

to have such legal provision. Government have been lenient to corporate sector after the introduction of CSR

activities as an Act.

Keywords: CSR, Corporate Sector, Sustainable development, Companies Act 2013, Women empowerment,

Gender equality.

INTRODUCTION

The concept of CSR activity was been practiced by the companies for many decades. CSR is a tool

for the development of the society. India being the only country where CSR activities are

mandatory for the companies they may be private or public company. The company receives a lot

from the society it has a responsibility to give back its services for the sustainable development of

the society. In Goa Companies have been initiating in the social wellbeing. It is been seen that

many of them are in the field of development of education, infrastructure, environment

sustainability etc.


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The company which are involved in CSR activities today they have a good relation with their share

holders and customers. As all activities have to be uploaded on their respected websites they get a

good publicity, as the third parties associated with the business now that the company is a

responsible entity. The attraction and retention of the customers and shareholders is possible for the

company. The morale of the employees also raises due to the CSR initiatives taken by the company.

Most of the companies from Goa have been practicing the CSR activities voluntarily and the

remaining due to the legal provisions by Government. In the Companies Act 2013 section 135,

schedule VII contains the activities to be undertaken as CSR activities. Companies should take it as

a long term benefit as the company gains a good corporate image in the society.

DATA AND METHODOLOGY

The data of this study is secondary data which have been collected from different sources such as

official websites the annual report and Government department websites, news articles and research

papers. the main aim of this study is to understand CSR activities, to know the role of companies in

the implementation of the legal provision and the activities which are undertaken by the corporate

businesses. this study consist of discussion and analytical thinking I tried this study to see how the

companies in Goa take initiative in the CSR activities mentioned in section 135 , Schedule VII of

the Companies Act 2013.

CSR POLICY IN INDIA

Under the Companies Act 2013, profitable companies with a sizeable business would have to spend

every year at least 2 percent of three years average profits on CSR works. This would apply to the

companies with a turnover of Rs.1000/-crore and more, or net worth of Rs. 500/- crore and more, or

net profit of Rs. 5crore and more.

Highlights of the CSR activities undertaken by Public and Private Companies in

Collaboration with Government Bodies in Goa.

CSR ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY GOA SHIPYARD LTD

It has been a vital part of Goa‘s industry landscape, integrating seamlessly into the community

generating employment and business opportunities for the local populace. Company‘s operations

have played a significant role in providing the necessary impetus required for Goa‘s industrial

growth. It has encouraged the growth of ancillary units and vendor networks in the process

establishing and enhancing proficiency, excellence and entrepreneurship.



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Goa shipyard however, has always been conscious of its corporate social responsibility. It

constantly strives to foray beyond the scope of its economic activities by reaching out to actively

participate in the social development of the community.

Corporate social responsibility at Goa shipyard ltd. involves various voluntary efforts which the

company engages itself, in order to contribute towards social development.

PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN ARE

AGRI CO-OPERATIVE PROJECTS-

It was started from the year 2012.Its duration is of 5 years the project is implementing agency is

Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) total fund spent 30.67 lakhs.

Target achieved

Agriculture extension support to 700 tribal farmers in the Khotigao and Gaodongari

Panchayat.

Cultivation of 50 acres land in each village.

Provided 20 vermi-compost units and 20 cows to the farmers involved in the project

Provided 20 (2HP) water pumps,20 pipes ,2000kgs barbed wire and Galvanized Iron

plain sheet 1000kgs to both the societies

Open well restoration to both the societies.

State and Local Government Facilitators

Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Goa

Horticulture Corporation, Government of Goa

Indian Council of Agriculture and Research

State Co-operative Milk Producers union ltd

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Regional office.

Local administration and village Panchayats.

Achievements

Seeds and fertilizers supplied to all the cooperative society members in collaboration

with Agricultural department.

Since the inception of the project, both the cooperative societies were able to produce 60

tonnes of vegetables and 45 tonnes of vermin compost.

The directorate of Tribal welfare department awarded Pradnyawant Puraskar to the

Chairman of the sanjivini Self Help Group of Gaondongari collective Farmers co-

operative society for outstanding service in the field of Agriculture.

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Gaondongari collective farming co-operative won Lokmat Goan of the year award, 2016

at the hands of Hon‘ble Governor of Goa ,Smt. Mridula Sinha.

TRAFFIC SIGN BOARDS

GSL has presented 50 Traffic sign boards each for Two Wheeler and Four Wheeler to Vasco

Traffic Cell, the provision made by the company will help local populace as well as traffic cell to

cope up with the parking problems in and around the city of Vasco.

PROMOTING SPORTS

Company have made provision of Rs. 5 lakhs towards sponsorship in the case of Ms. Ivana Futado,

a budding Chess player from the state of Goa.

EDUCATION AID SUPPORT

40 Nos. Desk cum benches were given to KV II and Murgaon High School, Vasco under special

CSR activities.

Wooden tables 02 Nos. were given under special CSR activities to the Primary School, Zauri Goa

DONATION OF GARBAGE DISPOSAL VAN AND GARBAGE BINS

The company donated Tata Xenon Vehicle to Murmugaon Muncipal corporation and 150 Nos.

garbage bins also were donated.

MEDICAL CAMPS ORGANISED

38 General health check up Camps were organised.

08 dental camps were organized

05 eye check up camps were organised

01 thyroid camp was organized

02 Ayurvedic health camps were organized

02 homeopathy health camp were organized

05 Bone mineral density test camps were organised.

CSR ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY VEDANTA LIMITED

Vedanta ltd is one of the mining company. Who have a membership in the Mineral Foundation of

Goa an NGO which is involved in CSR activities on behalf of mining companies. Vedanta has

invested its money in NGO as well as they directly initiate in the CSR activities. The company has

created a good reputation in the societies. The company also follow labour welfare and safety

measures. It also provides employment opportunities to the youth with good working conditions.

Vedanta limited has a well established history and commitment to reinvest in the social good of

society and nation. Following are the CSR initiatives taken by the company,



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EDUCATION PROMOTION

The company partnered with the Goa Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , have assisted in printing of

70000 copies of the Barkha series books.

Launched the smart class and Science lab pilot project in all the schools across the state in

collaboration with Goa Government.

Vidyarthi Vikas Yojana were in Special coaching classes, evening study centers are run.

SPORTS PROMOTION

Vedanta Sesa Football academy has been awarded the ‗Best CSR Project Award in

Promotion of sports in rural areas of India‘ at the annual India CSR awards.

This academy has nurtured and trained 112 players with 6 players have been

representing the country.

They promote Cultural heritage by organising cultural events for the community

ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY

Vedanta have been also awarded the ―Best CSR award in Environment Management‖

Best CSR Award for water conservation and Watershed Development‖

They have been supporting towards cleaning of ponds, irrigation channels.

Water harvesting structures, aforestation and Bio-diversity.

HEALTH

Mobile health units

25 Matruchaya centers

Drug de-addiction centers

Specialised health camps

Drinking water projects .

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Skill development programmes for women are been organised by the company

Vedanta won ―Best CSR Award in Women Empowerment‖

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

The company have build and repaired the Anganwadi ,Primary schools and Eco friendly toilets in

the mining belt of Goa.

CONCLUSION

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Corporate Social responsibility is one of the biggest opportunities for mankind for their

development as it has been mandated through legislation by providing relevant provisions in

the companies Act 2013.

The corporate sector can play important role in helping the Government in projects which

will help in increasing the growth rate compared with the other developed nations.

Indian Government has taken a very important decision by making CSR as a legal

provision. India is the only countries who have made CSR activities Mandatory.

The practice of CSR activities in both the companies cited above have been voluntarily

before the Act was implemented.

Now the companies have the knowledge about the areas where they have to focus on as they

follow the Act and the Schedule VII of the companies Act 2013.

In Goa the Companies have been taking the CSR activities seriously there are a large

number of projects which are been undertaken such as infrastructure development,

education ,sports and health etc.

Corporate and Government should work together and through this they can bring

dramatically changes in welfare schemes of society.

REFERENCES

Books:

IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Annual reports:

Annual Report of Vedanta Sesa Goa from 2011-12 to 2016-17

Annual Reports of Goa Shipyard Ltd. from 2011-2012 to 2016-2017

Websites:

http://ebook.mca.gov.in/default.aspx

http://www.powergridindia.com

http://www.grse.nic.in/achievements.php

www.goashipyard.co.in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/corporate_social_responsibility

http://ebook.mca.gov.in/default.aspx

http://www.powergridindia.com/

http://www.grse.nic.in/achievements.php

http://www.goashipyard.co.in/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/corporate_social_responsibility



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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SKILLS OF TEACHER STUDENTS

Dr.Naik Tarsing B.

Assistant Professor

Govt. College of Education, Ratnagiri E-mail : [email protected] Mob.No.9850040980

ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility skills of teacher students are new and emerging trends in teacher

education. Teacher training have begun to take a more targeted approach in their corporate social

responsibility skills and are seeking to impact areas that have a correlation with their own teaching goals.

Maharashtra has one of the largest systems of teacher education in the world. Besides the University

departments of education and their affiliated colleges there are a number of Government and Government

aided institutions and Un- aided colleges and open universities who are engaged in teacher education. The

training institution is concerned with the development of teacher students in all round development of his

physical, social and emotional, teaching knowledge, skills, and personality qualities.A sample out of 38

student teachers 30 participants randomly selected from Government B. Ed. College Ratnagiri was used.

Data analysis was done by using standard deviation and t-values. Findings of the study showed that overall

Corporate social responsibility skills score was positively impact with the teacher training .

Key words: Corporate social responsibility skills, teacher training, issues, teacher students.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility skills is an important element to student teachers attendance and

punctuality, teacher educators attitude and methodology in teaching, teaching-learning process,

teacher students performance and student teacher feedback, student educator and students teacher to

determine competencies in student teachers. Corporate social responsibility skills the importance of

handling emotions as mechanisms in handling success in life. Academic performance success in life

is related to students‘ role in higher learning institution. The teacher education are nearly identical

their standard vary. Uncontrolled growth of the number of self-financing teacher training

institutions in the recent years has led to the unevenness in the quality of teacher training

institutions. This study is formulated to identify the role of Corporate social responsibility skillsof

teacher students to meet the crisis of trained teachers and to reform the teacher education

programme ensuring quality.

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Teacher training and student teachers as our founding purpose was to help teachers own their own

homes, supporting teachers, schools and students is the primary aim of our CSR work. This

includes our affinity partnership with the local school as a leading CSR partner, and continuing our

support of Corporate social responsibility skills in local secondary schools. So this paper explains

prospects and challenges on both the social and corporate managerial perspective. Every year

numerous pupils get enrolled in Government teacher training college but only fifty percent of them

complete the teacher training course successfully. The reason is quality of education in government

and government aided teacher training institution is deteriorated. They lack basic amenities,

adequate infrastructure, adequate professional teachers, effective teaching aids and efficient school

management etc. The other contributing reasons to this are Poverty, Unemployment, and

discrimination on basis of caste, gender, race and other Social barriers. The governments have

limited resources to tackle these problems; therefore intervention of Corporate social responsibility

skills is needed. Organizations goodwill, its public image is also enhanced by its social

responsibility community programme. According to a survey, people tend to buy a product more if

it is associated with any Corporate social responsibility skills.

OBJECTIVES

1.To understand the need of corporate social responsibility skills towards teacher training .

2. To study the issues of in corporate social responsibility skills activities conducted by

teacher training institute.

3. To know the corporate social responsibility skills in education.

RESEARCH SAMPLE

For the present study the purposive sampling method was used for the selection of the sample

consisted at Government College of Education, Ratnagiri. The Details of Sample results as follows

Teacher

training

Environment

Schools /

Marketplace

Corporate social responsibility skills

Community

Work place



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Table& Graph 1: Sampling data

Table & Graph 1 shows that out of 38 students 30 were selected for Data for corporate social

responsibility skills at the B. Ed. colleges. The percentage of selected data is 78.94% .

RESEARCH METHOD

Student teachers are immersed in the corporate social responsibility skills. However, as noted

earlier, this new dynamic of interaction has been transferred to the classroom with the help of

corporate social responsibility skills.

The corporate social responsibility skillswas measure with the help of scales were Interpersonal

Scale consists of 10 items, Workplace Scale consists of 8 items, Adjustment Scale consists of 7

items, Marketplace/Schools consists of 10 items.corporate social responsibility skills were

measured using scales by interpersonal communication skills 6 items, High scores indicate high

communications skills while low scores indicate low corporate social responsibility skillswere

measured based on instrument by Computer Self-Efficacy Scale.

CONCLUSION AND RESULTS

The teacher-students come into the profession and as existing teachers learn more and develop new

ideas. corporate social responsibility skillswas employed to examine the degree of relationship

between workplace, market and environment. They are sometimes perceived as important but not

taken as needs when discussing graduates quality. Consideration for balancing between academic

performance and these competencies are not being taken seriously. corporate social responsibility

skills should contribute a bulk of their resources to education. Investments in research spread of

information and communication technology from school level onwards are the need of the hour.

Collaborations between Government, educational institutions and corporate will accelerate

educational reform and thus bring about the desired social development. While what goes into

judging a higher education institution might continue to change and evolve, the building blocks of

Total Data for corporate social

responsibility skills

38 30

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success in any competitive environment remain constant such as developing a positive reputation

and differentiating itself from the competition. Setting a corporate social responsibility strategy, and

implementing the actions is one powerful way of achieving this goal.

REFERENCES

Best, John W. & Khan, James V. (1996), "Research in Education", New Delhi; Prentice Hall

of India Private Limited, 7th Edition.

Boydell, T. H., A Guide to the Identification of Training Needs, BACIE, 1976.

Boydell, T. H., A Guide to Job Analysis, BACIE, 1970. A companion booklet to

A Guide to the Identification of Training Needs.

Buch, M.B. : (1983), "Fourth Survey of Research in Education "New Delhi; National Council of

Educational Research and Training.

Buch, M.B. : (1992) , "Fifth Survey of Research in Education, "New Delhi; National.



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ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

* Dr.Venu Gopal Rao Chowdary

**Dr.G.Vijaya Krishna

ABSTRACT

CSR can simply be defined as the commitment by business to enhance economic development, while at the

same time improving the quality of life of the workforce, their families and the society at large. Over the past

few decades, there has been an increasing interest and emphasis on the concept of CSR in India as one of the

most important stakeholders in this system in which the company operates. CSR has been practiced by

companies in the developed world in a big way. India is the country with highest number of universities more

than seven hundred universities which includes public, private and semi sectors. In India, large scale

philanthropic activities were undertaken post-independence, which led to the setting up of some of the most

prestigious institutions of professional education.Some Indian companies have always strong philanthropic

activities and target to education sector as the part of CSR. There are many corporate houses which are

playing vital role in higher education as well as primary education like Infosys, Reliance Industries, TATA

motor, Azim Premji foundation, BharatiAirtel etc.Education has pivotal role in national building and

moulding superb wings of human recourse. Every country is spending huge amount for enhancement of

education. Companies have determined that their impact on the economic, social and environmental

landscape directly affects their relationship with various stakeholders. This paper is an attempt to identify

the CSR in the promotion of Indian higher education by various Companies as part of philanthropic activity

and mandatory contribution towards CSR with education being specified as an eligible activity.

Keywords: CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility, economic development, stakeholders, company, higher

education, philanthropic

INTRODUCTION

The impact of business on the society has taken the forefront in today‘s economy. Sustainable and

balanced development is the new goal of the corporate world. In the early 20th century, business

firms were dominated solely by the objective of profit maximization. In the 1970s, social activists

began questioning business firms of their sole objective of profit maximization, since very firm

gains its existence and momentum from society. In this context, CSR is emerging as an important

aspect of business philosophy. Till 1990, CSR is seen as corporate ‗Philanthropy‘ and now it is

considered as a strategy today to gain competitive advantage.CSR focuses towards all stakeholders:

shareholders, employees, creditors, suppliers, governments and community equally rather than only

on maximization of profits.CSR is now viewed as a strategic tool toachieve economic objective of

the organization and create wealth.The concept not only concentrates on corporate compliances but

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also works on a balanced and voluntary approach towards society and environment to achieve

business success.

CSR is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to better society by the

inclusion of social and environmental considerations into a company‘s operations. It is emerged

from the fact that the enterprise derives several benefits from the society which would require the

enterprise to provide returns to the society and it is the responsibility of the enterprise to provide

benefits to society as a whole. Hence in this competitive edge, the role of CSR as a subject in higher

education is rapidly evolving and most business schools today are providing CSR courses and

training to ambitious students to make them responsible citizens. CSR facilitates continuous

improvement in higher education institutes with external impact and internal capacity, performance

and management. The most obvious input from businesses for education is money.

Higher education in India has witnessed an impressive growth over the years. Still higher education

is facing some challenges because there has been a huge demand and supply gap. To overcome

these challenges Government of India took a big step in the form of Companies Act 2013. This Act

empowers the companies to spend 2% of the average net profits over the previous three years on

CSR activities. Higher education in India like in most countries is a government supported Public

good.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

CSR has been a well debated issue for past several years. Many authors provide a detailed analysis

of the specific manner in which the social responsibility of the Higher Education Institution is

manifested. The idea of CSR has been around for a long time, beginning with the work of writers

such as Bowen in1953 who is cited by many as the „father‟ of CSR when it became an academic

topic. Since then the contribution carried on through the work of Davis (1960, 1973) Johnson

(1971), Jones (1980, 1983) and Carroll (1991, 1999). Carroll suggested that businesses have to

fulfill economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in order to address its entire

obligations to society.

(UNESCO 1991) indicates the role of higher education institutions is a topic that has to be studied

separately and discussed deeply, in order to make a comparison between higher education and

traditional corporate, the responsibility of the higher education institutions can be summarized as

transferring the knowledge to the new generations by teaching, training and doing research;

determining a balance between basic and applied research and between professional training and

general education; meeting the priority needs of their respective societies.



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(Thomas 1996 and Dill 2002, Goia) have expressed that, the globalization has inevitably embraced

higher education industry and the higher education institutions started to experience significant

shifts in recent years. Less than a generation ago academic institutions were allowed to act in a self-

contained manner and thrive in an environment of predictable funding and student enrollment with

little overt competition among institutions.

In view of difficult global competitive environment it has become very difficult to manage Higher

Education institutions. Many companies use CSR initiatives to enhance corporate reputation, image

and even raise the value of its stock (Porter and Kramer 2006).

(Wissen, 2011) opines that the prime goal of a company is to generate profits; companies can at the

same time contribute to social and environmental objectives by integrating CSR as a strategic

investment into their business strategy

Anushreeparekh & poorveprakash (2014) in their research paper titled, ―Education & CSR:

Mapping initiatives of the top 100 companies‖ identified the ensuring impact of CSR in education,

picture on strategic and non-strategic CSR in education. The companies prioritize interventions

based on the nature of their business and industry indicating that companies are beginning to think

strategically about CSR in education.


In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the concept of CSR and particularly on the

relevance of CSR in Higher Education with the following objectives.

The Indian education scenario

The CSR policies and implementation programmes of selected IT companies

The contribution made thesecompanies to promote Indian Higher Education

METHODOLOGY

The topic considered for this paper is based on secondary of information. Various newspaper,

journals, articles and websites have been accessed to collect the information required for this study

AREAS OF CSR PRACTICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

In higher education, different areas of CSR practices are discussed below:

1) Design of courses related to social responsibility subject: Higher education institutions should

design the courses around social responsibility subject open to students and staff to promote human

rights and social inclusion values and ethics among them.

2) CSR on Environment: It considers the activities to reduce the consumption and waste and to

create further understanding on the importance of conserving and protecting the environment. For

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example , higher education can initiate different activities like awareness programmes about green

cities or cleanliness, conservation of forest, birds conservation , reduce pollution and sustainability

of the environment.

3) Recycling of Wasted papers: Students of institutions can be trained to use the wasted papers

and prepare paper bags of different size which can be distributed to local health foundation for their

self-earning.

4) CSR at Workplace : It includes the activities commonly attempt to maintain high standards of

recruitment, development and retention of employees via employee volunteerism, health, safety and

welfare, sports and wellness programmes, employee training and employees‟ communication

channels. Other activities stimulate innovation for green business and technology.

5) CSR on Community: It is based on institutions investment to communities such as donation of

money, time, services, technology, experts and other resources to make a positive contribution

towards local communities. Higher education institutions should contribute social and educational

supportive activities for women, children and youth, who live under severe social discrimination

and poverty in nearby location.

6) CSR by establishing Research Center: Higher Education institutions should conduct scientific

research, training and vocational programs, publications and documentation of the social, economic

and cultural development of the civil society by establishing separate research center.

7) CSR towards Stake holders:There are many stake holders (Faculty, students, Managements,

Alumni, Parents,Corporates etc.,) whose activities should cover collaborations among stakeholders

like students, parents, alumni, organizations and government departments.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES ON HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH CSR

Initiatives taken by Corporates, NGOs, Civic Bodies and Government are considered as a crucial

bridge between organizations and society.Collaborations between Government, educational

institutions and corporate will accelerate educational reform and thus bring about the desired social

development with social wellbeing.

Merit-based student financing

Internalization of education

Enabling a research environment

Highly quality of faculty

Improved technology for education

Employability



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India‘s Higher Education system can be expected to be better to industry and global practices.

Top 10 companies funding education CSR projects in India (2015-16)

1. Reliance Industries Ltd

Reliance seeks to provide quality education, training and skill enhancement to improve the quality

of living and livelihood. The Company focuses on promoting primary and secondary education,

enabling higher education through scholarships, promoting higher education through setting up and

supporting universities and skill development through vocational training. For Reliance, education

and skill development are the cornerstones of a progressive society and it has continuously provided

quality education.

Amount spent: INR 215 Cr , Project Details: DA Scholarships, Community Development,

Reliance University, Initiatives Digitisation of education initiative, Education – Partnerships,

Education- at manufacturing locations.

2. Wipro Ltd.

Engineering education- Wipro Academy of Software Excellence (WASE) program. The Wipro

Academy of Software Excellence (WASE) program helps Science graduates to study for a Master‘s

degree in Software Engineering (M. Tech) run in partnership with the Birla Institute of Technology

& Science (BITS), Pilani, India, and this unique program blends rigorous academic exposure

with practical professional learning at the workplace. There is a program called WISTA in

collaboration with Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) for science graduates without

a mathematics background. Wipro has supported and enabled more than 25000 students to graduate

from the WASE and WISTA programs with an MS degree in Software Engineering. During 2015-

16, the total number of new entrants into the two programs was 1810 while the aggregate strength

across four years was 13805.

Amount spent: INR 108.13 Cr, Project Details: Education and Community

3. Bajaj Auto Ltd.

Bajaj auto spent part of their CSR funds on Up gradation and construction building in educational

sector. More than 20 activities were conducted by Bajaj auto in educational sector.

Amount spent: INR 75.84 Cr, Project Details: Financial support to educational institute

infrastructure.

4. Samsung India Electronics Pvt Ltd

Samsung India is at the forefront of empowering India‘s youth with education through

technology. Today, Samsung Smart Class present in NavodayaVidyalaya across rural India. Each

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Samsung Smart Class consists of the latest audio-visual tools, like Samsung Tablets (41 tabs per

class), interactive smart board, printer and other devices. These classes also have learning apps for

Computer Science, Mathematics, English and Science. These latest technology tools help students

to learn complicated concepts easily. Samsung Smart Class also enables teachers in retaining the

students‘ attention due to this modern and interactive learning environment. Samsung technical

schools across the country established to provide hands-on industry training.

Samsung Digital Academy, offers young students a skill development course based on the Tizen

OS platform. Amount spent: INR 50.51 Cr, Project Details: Smart Class, Samsung Technical

School, and Digital Academy

5. Infosys Ltd

In 2015, Infosys foundation renovated seven schools in Arunachal Pradesh and two schools in

Assam. Infosys foundation has partnered with number of academic institution across India to

institute chair professorship. For supporting higher education Infosys launched TFI fellowship.

Amount spent: INR 43.6 Cr, Project Details: Helping hand to distant school, Nurturing higher

education, Build better and learned India.

6. Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.

Mahindra and Mahindra implemented number of CSR projects in education sector. Projects are like

MAHINDRA SCHOLARSHIPS FOR UWC STUDENTS, RESEARCH PROJECTS OF THE

INDIAN COUNCIL ON GLOBAL RELATIONS, providing infrastructure, MAHINDRA

SAARTHI ABHIYAAN, Undergraduate engineering students are provided with a platform in the

form of a project that allows hands on experience in all aspects of automobile engineering,

Supporting 28 English medium MCGM schools from KG to 7th Grade, Quality education provided

to underprivileged children.

Amount spent: INR 33.41Cr, Project Details: Promoting education

7. Tata Steel Ltd

The Tata Steel Scholars initiative helped 83 bright SC/ST students from low-income families

realise their academic dreams. Tata‘s preparatory coaching initiative has helped nearly 5,500

underprivileged school students in classes 8, 9 and 10 to hone their skills in subjects like English,

Mathematics and Science.

Amount spent: INR 29.93 Cr, Project Details: Promotion of education including special

education

8. ITC Ltd.



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ITC's Primary Education Programme addressed the lack of quality primary education in rural

communities. Aiming to strengthen the government primary schools' vast network by stemming

drop-outs, increasing enrolments and improving learning outcomes, the Programme puts in place

mutually reinforcing interventions that are coordinated to support a move towards child friendly

schools.

Amount spent: INR 23.25 Cr, Project Details: Education (Creating Future Capabilities)

9. Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone

Adani Foundation believes that Education represents the stepping stone to improve the quality of

life, especially for the poor and the vulnerable. The ideology behind the education initiatives lies in

the essence to transform Lives through the continuous enhancement of knowledge and

empowerment. The objective behind the education initiative is to provide ‗quality‘ education to all,

along with a unique learning experience to young minds.

Amount spent: INR 21.94 Cr, ProjectDetails: Educational Assistance and Support (14 Projects)

10. Jindal Steel & Power Ltd

The company recognises education as one of the building blocks of any nation and consider it as a

priority area for its CSR activities. The aim is to nurture young minds and educate them, so that

they contribute to the nation‘s development. Realising the importance and relevance of education, a

number of initiatives have been undertaken in this respect like establishing a global university,

specialised institutes and schools. All these initiatives have been undertaken to benefit the

communities the company is operating in, by helping to increase the literacy levels of these areas.

Amount Spent: INR 12.01Cr, Project Details: Community Education,

Challenges faced by the Indian Higher Education system

Higher education institutions are often looked upon to take a leadership role within societies. India

has a number of assets that will help India in living up to that challenge. With a clear social

objective and being self-sustainable, social business practice has proven to be an ideal tool to link

business with social wellbeing.At present when the Corporates are more than ready to join hands

with the government, with the objective of promoting social welfare, obstacles are bound to arise,

more so in a country like ours thereby hampering the process of economic development. Let us

briefly dwell on them.

Extremely hard to commercialize

Competitive Labour Markets

The Shrinking Role of Government

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Growing Investor Pressure

Lack of Community Participation in CSR Activities

Lack of Consensus on Implementing CSR Issues

Issues of Transparency

Non-availability of Well Organized Non-governmental Organizations

Narrow Perception towards CSR Initiatives

Non-availability of Clear CSR Guidelines

Social impact difficult to assess

CONCLUSIONS AND ARE COMMENDATIONS

There is a strong desire to change the current state of education. For this India has to restructure the

education system at all three levels i.e. elementary, secondary and higher education level. This is

possible when the corporate also perform their responsibilities towards society. They are also the

consumers/usersoftrained/skilled manpowerproduced by the universities. As part of CSR many

initiatives are executed by corporate in partnership with Non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Based on the above discussion, the following suggestions are made to the various shareholders

concerned with role of CSR in promoting the higher education in India.

In order to streamline the philanthropic activities and ensure more accountability and

transparency, the government of India made it mandatory for companies to undertake CSR

activities under the Companies Act, 2013.

Offer an additional course in the BBA/MBA program on the importance of CSR its strategy building

and practice.

An additional fund is needed to trained the faculty member/professors by offering

workshops related to role of CSR in academic sector

International business leaders should be invited as a guest speaker to share their expertise on

this CSR and their role.

Business schools have a responsibility to provide practitioners with training in the basics of

ethics, which would ideally act as a catalyst to stimulate socially and ethically managed

business organizations.

Collaboration between governments, educational institutions and corporates.

Reference:

1. Bhattacharyya, B. (2009), Bringing Education to Children of Lesser Gods:

BhartiFoundation‘sSatyaBharti School Programme, Management & Change, Vol.13, No.1, 2009



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2. Porter, M.E. and Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and Society: The Link between Competitive

Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review December R0612D

3 Annual Status of Higher Education of States and UTs in India, ASHE 2013 (November, 2013),

Deloitte report for Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India

4. Dr.ChowdaryV.G.Rao.(2016). Management Education in Andhra Pradesh, Roshan Publications,

Visakhaptnam, ISBN:978-81-931489

5.UNESCO (1991). The Role of Higher Education in Society: Quality and Pertinence. 2nd

UNESCO- Non-Governmental Organizations Collective Consultation on Higher Education

6.GSCR (2017): Global summit on Corporate Social Responsibility, ISBN 978-93-86435-04-0

7. http://www.usc.es/ ceta/ recursos/ documentos/ role_higher_education.pdf.

8. http://www.wipro.com/annualreport/2012-13/brr-education-and-community.html

9. http://csrtimes.com/community-blogs/csr-in-education-in-india

10. http://tatamotors.com/investors/financials/67-ar-html/csr.html

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THE 10 COMPANIES WITH BEST CSR REPUTATIONS

Mr. Sujit Baburao Chavan

Assistant Professor

Ideal Institute of Management, Kondigre

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Indian companies are now expected to discharge their stakeholder responsibilities and societal obligations,

along with their shareholder-wealth maximization goal. Nearly all leading corporates in India are involved

in corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes in areas like education, health, livelihood creation,

skill development, and empowerment of weaker sections of the society. Notable efforts have come from the

Tata Group, Infosys, Bharti Enterprises, ITC Welcome group, Indian Oil Corporation among others. The

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) covers sustainability and CSR issues while at the same time also looking at

employee standards, health and safety issues and much more. We have attempted in our study publicly

disclosed information online and via annual reports under the CSR lens. We believe that it is not sufficient

for companies to merely invest in CSR projects and meet the norm, but we need to understand whether CSR

is looked at strategically. Do companies have a CSR policy? Is there board oversight? Is CSR information

reported? And more than this, entire do CSR activities cover all stakeholders? The study looked at

secondary data available on websites about top companies. It covers industries as varied as automobiles,

banks, diversified, FMCG, infrastructure, information technology, metals and mining, oil, power, steel,

pharmaceuticals, telecommunications and others. This paper portrays the best CSR practices of top 10

companies across India.

Keywords: Stakeholder responsibilities and societal obligations; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

programs; Publicly disclosed information.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or

sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation

integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a

business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and

international norms. With some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance

and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and

that which is required by law." CSR aims to embrace responsibility for corporate actions and to

encourage a positive impact on the environment and stakeholders including consumers, employees,

investors, communities, and others.




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REASONS WHY SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS ARE GOOD FOR INDUSTRY

ASSOCIATIONS

1. Help attract and retain members: Sustainability and CSR programming increases the value and

relevance of the association to current and prospective members. It reduces the risk that members

will have their CSR and sustainability needs met by other organizations or initiatives.

2. Enhance innovation in the sector: Cost-effective pre-competitive CSR and sustainability

collaborations can result in industry innovation, enabling the industry to improve its collective CSR

impacts while driving business and operational benefits.

3. Build positive government and NGO relations: Associations that increase their CSR or

sustainability expertise are better positioned to contribute positively to regulatory initiatives by

government and other agencies and to engage constructively with NGOs and other stakeholders.

Associations with voluntary industry CSR and sustainability standards that exceed compliance

requirements are able to forestall government regulation.

4. Help identify industry priorities: Many generic global CSR and sustainability initiatives and

standards are now available, and this in turn can make priority-setting for members difficult. An

industry approach can assist member companies to develop an industry-relevant model tailored to

the sector‘s most material risks and opportunities.

5. Fulfill association goals: Typically association goals include assisting members to be competitive

and profitable. CSR and sustainability is one tool to enhance member profitability and

competitiveness.

6. Build industry reputation and brand: An association's CSR and sustainability program

demonstrates the sector‘s commitment to sustainable practices and leadership. It can build positive

stakeholder relationships with customers, communities, NGOs, suppliers and others. In doing so, it

enhances the sector‘s social license to operate and grow.

7. Enhance employee recruitment and retention: Associations with CSR programs are able to attract

and retain the best and brightest employees who prefer to work for organizations aligned with their

values.

INDIA'S BEST COMPANIES FOR CSR

Corporate India has seen in the last decade that the path towards growth is not linear. Expansion

means a constant hunt for resources that go into manufacturing and invariably a conflict between

man and nature. The western world has simplified much of this debate into the climate change

challenge which rests on this simple logic. The Indian challenge and that of any developing country

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like ours is much more complex. We need food for our teeming millions, education for our children

and women. With this the conversation in corporate circles has moved beyond 'should CSR be

mandatory' to 'what should we do and how'? Indian companies are now new to sustainability

reporting. In fact, there are companies that have been generating sustainability reports for ten years

or more. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that forms the basis for this reporting has several

parameters that are far in excess of what the Indian Companies Act prescribes. It covers

sustainability and CSR issues while at the same time also looking at employee standards, health and

safety issues and much more. Attempt is made to examine publicly disclosed information online

and via annual reports under the CSR lens. I believe that it is not sufficient for companies to merely

invest in CSR projects and meet the norm, but we need to understand whether CSR is looked at

strategically. The norm is not the only criterion looked for but beyond this percent the paper looks

for the spontaneous contributions by the corporates.

Top 10 Indian Companies for CSR:

Rank Indian

Company

Best Practice

1 Tata Steel The CSR programme is managed by three organisations — Tata

Steel Rural Development Society (TSRDS), Tata Steel Family

Initiatives Foundation (TSFIF) and the Tribal Culture Society

(TCS). The Company uses Human Development Index to keep track

of CSR in villages.

2 Tata Chemicals

Conservation of whale shark-a rare species. The Company spends

Rs12 cr on CSR every year & wildlife conservation tops priority.

3 Mahindra Group

'Nanhi Kali‘ -focuses on educating the girl child. CSR is a mix of

strategic philanthropy, shared values & sustainability.

4 Maruti Suzuki

‗Making it Matter‘- Community development and road safety propel

Maruti's CSR in the fast lane. The village development will include

construction of household toilets, upgrading Government schools,

separate toilets for girl students.

5 Tata Motors

A deep concern for the environment drives Tata Motors undertake

green projects that preserve and regenerate local ecologies.

6 Siemens Raising health awareness in India. Fitness, in general, is still not a

high priority for most people in India. To change this, the Health



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Management team at Siemens India introduced the Fit4Life

program.

7 Larsen & Toubro L&T's participates in building a healthy community through

continuing initiatives in several areas of healthcare, with a focus on

mother & child care and HIV/AIDS awareness.

8 Coca-Cola India Coca-Cola India has supported community programmes with a focus

on education, health and water conservation. The Company has

commissioned 400 rainwater harvesting systems, provided clean

drinking water to more than 100 schools, supported school projects

and driven reform in sustainable packaging, disaster relief and

rehabilitation‖.

9

Steel Authority

of India

SAIL has supported maintenance of monuments in Delhi‘s Lodhi

Gardens, and Vedvyas, Saraswatikund in Rourkela. To take care of

distinct features of tribal culture, a 5-day Chhattisgarh Lok Kala

Mahotsav is celebrated every year in Bhilai and nearby places in

which more than 600 artistes participate. To promote local culture

and games, various GraminLokotsavs and Gramin athletics

competitions are organised by SAIL at different locations throughout

the year.

10 Infosys Provide schools with computers it has also helped build 60,000

school libraries, Nirmalashouchalayas.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that Social corporate responsibility and the maintenance of high ethical

standards is not an option but an obligation for all business. What can‘t be measured can‘t be

improved. That was the spirit behind effort to gather data on how much listed firms are

concentrating on CSR currently.Considering the limitations of the corporate in their CSR activities,

some recommendations which can be used towards satisfaction like companies should extend

theirCSR activities in less privileged states rather than concentrate in resource rich states. It is

essential that companies develop an effective value chain system of their products through their

CSR activities, which is essential for competing in the global market. It will give better results if

activities are based on a more practical & participatory approach and touch the grassroots level.

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REFERENCE

Baker, M. "Companies in Crisis- What to do when it all goes wrong". Mallenbaker.net.

Bhattacharya, CB; Sen, Sankar; Korschun, Daniel (2011).Leveraging Corporate Social

Responsibility: The Stakeholder Route to Business and Social Value. Cambridge: UK:

Cambridge University Press.

Corporate Socialism Unethically Masquerades as "Corporate Social Responsibility"" Ethics-Based

Marketing.

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall, Ronald R. Sims., Praeger,

2003Corporate Social Responsibility in India, Sanjay K Agarwal, SAGE Publications India

Private Limited.

Forbes magazine

Sullivan, N.; Schiafo, R. (June 12, 2005). "Talking Green, Acting Dirty] (Op-Ed)." New York

Times.

The Economic Times

Thilmany, J. (September 2007). "Supporting Ethical Employees" 52 (2). HR Magazine. pp. 105–

110.



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COMMUNITY PERCEPTION TOWARDS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

FOR DEVELOPMENT

Ms. Ajita Harmalkar (Asst.Professor) Ms. Susmita Gaude(M.com I)

Email Id: [email protected] Email Id:[email protected]

Post Graduate Department of commerce,

Govt. College of Arts, Science & Commerce Khandola Marcela Goa

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility refers to the business approach that contribute to sustainable development

by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits for all stakeholders. Corporate social

responsibility has become one of the most important factor in establishing public image and reputation. This

research shows community perception towards CSR development in Kundaim village in Ponda taluka of

Goa state. This research will determine results of perception and expectations about the CSR development

activities. The data has been collected both from primary and secondary source. It was observed that

people‟s perception is good about CSR development activities and community is benefiting from these

activities. The companies must conduct more activities through the CSR.

KEY WORDS: People‟s perception, Corporate social responsibility, Development, Activities

I. INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an integral part of business practice over the last

decade or so. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to strategies corporations or firms

conduct their business in a way that is ethical, society friendly and beneficial to community in terms

of development. It refers to the activities conducted by the company for compensating the hazards

created by them by conducting educational, social and environmental development programs to do

something in return for its employees and community for their development. The purpose of CSR

is to have sustainability and contributes to economic development. Adopting CSR has become

important to have stable growth, to improve brand image and reputation, loyalty and trust by

meeting the expectation of employees and customers. This paper looks at the role Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) has in community development. Besides a universally accepted role in

philanthropic work of corporations, CSR projects are today achieving greater sustainability in their

efforts resulting in growth and change in communities. This evolution has been possible due to the

collaboration of corporations with the development sector, especially the NGOs. From the past

fifty years the western world has been looking at several dimensions of CSR; legal, ethical as well



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as discretionary. But in India, It is only in recent years that dedicated CSR departments and staffs

have appeared in companies. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a broad term used to describe

a company‘s efforts to improve society in some way.These efforts can range from donating money

to organisations for implementing environmentally-friendly policies in the workplace. CSR is

important for companies, nonprofits organisations (NGO) and employees alike. Corporate social

responsibility is something extra that companies do to improve their local and global communities.


This study highlights the perception and expectation of the people residing at Kundaim village at

Ponda taluka of Goa state towards corporate social responsibility for development.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this paper is ―to study the community expectation and perception towards

corporate social responsibility for development‖.


Sample of the study :Kundaim village

Sample size: 46 respondents were randomly selected from the village of kundaim.

Data collection

Primary data :The primary data is collected through questionnaire i.e through interviewing the

villagers from Kundaim Ponda-Goa.

Secondary data :Secondary data has been collected from books, journals,etc.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is confined to study the community perception and expectation towards

corporate social responsibility for development . The study covers the residents of Kundaim

village. This study covers CSR activities undertaken by different companies mainly Berger Paint

India ltd. , CG-PPI ltd., Nestle ltd. and Colgate ltd. Company.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The time available to do the study was limited.

As the study was done in village the respondents were not easily ready to give the answers.

PROFILE OF KUNDAIM VILLAGE

Kundaim is a village in the Ponda taluka in Goa that has a lot of paddy fields stretched all over. The

total population of kundaim village is 2859, the litracy rate of village is 80.38% and sex ratio is

941. It is an industrial area yet one can enjoy the tranquility here. The place also has lakes where

one can see a lot of colourful lilies and lotuses. The Kundaim village has lot temples and one can



137


also see a temple that stands 10 feet high near the Navdurga temple. Here outside the temple one

can see an idol of Betal that is one of the biggest in Goa. Kundaim also has a social organization

known as the TapobhumiSankul, which plays a very important role in the socio political life of Goa.

Spread over an area of 10,000 sq. mts., it is now a pilgrimage centre to many students of Hindu

culture and religion. There are quite a number of buses available from Ponda that take you to

Kundaim.

KUNDAIM INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

One of the bigg industrial estate of Goa state. 10 km from ponda city and 20 km from capital panaji,

situated near to NH4A. Many famous companies like, German remedies,HP Bottling plant, P&G,

Chemtrols Engineering Ltd.(famous indian instrumentation company)etc. have got plants in this

industrial estate.

INTRODUCTION OF COMPANIES

Nestlé S.A. is a Swiss transnational food and drink company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud,

Switzerland founded in late 1990. It is the largest food company in the world, measured by

revenues and other metrics, since 2014. Nestle is situated at Usgao Tisk Ponda Goa and has been

doing csr activities for the community by organising seminars, talks on nutrition for the students of

the school.

CG-PPI Adhesive Products Limited is situated at Industrial Estate Kundaim Ponda Goa, founded in

1988 which engages in the manufacture and sale of self adhesive tapes and specialty labels. It offers

a range of adhesive tapes, such as polyimide, polyamide, fluro polymer, polyester, specialty

industrial, splicing tapes, glass cloth fabric tapes, metal foil tapes, tapes for audio/video splicing,

specialty laminates, fabric tapes, and tapes for picture tube and other industries. The company‘s

adhesive tapes are used for the electrical, electronics, and industrial applications, as well as for high

voltage and temperature applications. Its tapes are also used in the paper industry, shoe industry,

picture tube, and automobile industry. CG-PPI has been doing csr activities for community

development by providing health checkup, providing medicines and proving spectacles for the

people from community.

Berger Paints India Limited is situated at Kundaim Industrial Estate, Kundaim, North Goa, the

products manufactured are Paints and Coatings and has been doing csr activities for the community

by providing paint for the temples in locality.

Colgate is an umbrella brand principally used to sell oral hygiene products such as toothpastes,

toothbrushes, mouthwashes and dental floss. Manufactured by the American consumer-goods

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conglomerate Colgate-Palmolive, Colgate oral hygiene products were first sold by the company in

1873. Colgate is situated at kundaim estate at Kundaim Ponda Goa and has been doing csr activities

for the community by providing their product to students in schools in community.

PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

Chart no. 1 Gender of respondents

From above chart no.1 it is observed that out of the

total respondents taken for study 59% of the

respondents are male and remaining 41% of the

respondents are female.

Chart no.2 Age of the respondents

From the chart no.2 it is found that out of the total

respondent 15% of the respondents fall under age

group of 11-20 years and above 50 years. 24% of

respondents fall under the age group of 41-50 years,

26% of the respondents fall under the age group of

21-30 years and remaining 20% fall under the age

group of 31-40 years. This shows that respondents from different age groups are benefited by CSR

activities.

Chart no.3 Education of the respondents

From the chart no. 3 it is found that out of the total

respondents, 30% of the respondentsposses basic

qualification. 22% of the respondents have completed

their graduation, 20% of the respondents have

completed their secondary education, 13% of the

respondents have completed their higher secondary

education and 11% of them are post graduate and very

few of the respondents i.e. 4% have done diploma.

COMPANIES CONDUCTING CSR ACTIVITIES IN THE VILLAGES

Chart no. 4 Showing the companies which are conducting CSR activities for the development

in locality



139


From the chart no.4 it has been observed that 41% of

the respondents saying CG-PPI company is conducting

CSR activities in the locality, 22% respondent saying

Nestle company is conducting CSR activities in the

locality, 20% says Colgate company is conducting CSR

activities in their locality and only 17% of respondents

says that Berger Paints India Limited is conducting

CSR activities in their locality.

Chart no. 5 Showing different CSR activities conducted by the Companies

From the pie chart no.4 it has been found that out of

total respondent 44% of respondents said that the most

of activities undertaken by companies are under health

care sector, 30% of the respondents said that companies

have contributed in the field of education, 19% of the

respondents said that activities undertaken by the

company are in the field of welfare and 7% of the

respondents contribute towards housing activities. Companies must focus on CSR Activities related

to environmental care and rural sports.

PERCEPTION OF VILLAGERS

Chart no. 6 Showing opinions about CSR activities conducted for development so far.

From the pie chart no.6 it can be seen that out of total respondent 45% of respondents feels that

activities conducted so far are good, 49% respondent

feels that activities conducted so far are satisfactory and

6% of respondent feels that activities conducted so far

are bad.

Chart no. 7 Showing the feedback of the

respondents

From the pie chart no 7 it is found that the 91% of the

respondents are happy with current CSR activities

conducted where else only 9% of respondents are not

happy with current CSR activities conducted.

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Chart no. 8 Showing the Company‟s responsibility towards implementation of CSR activities

for development.

In the chart no.8 it can be clearly seen that out of total

respondent 70% of respondent feels that yes

implementing CSR should be the responsibility of every

company, 26% of the respondents cannot give there

opinion and 4% of the respondent feels that

implementing CSR should not be the responsibility of

every company.

Chart no. 9 Showing the result of if public recognition should be given to companies doing

well in the area of CSR for development

In the chart no.9 this can be clearly seen that out of total

respondent 63% of respondent feels that yes public

recognition should be given to companies doing well in

the area of CSR and 35% respondents cannot give their

opinion and 2% of respondents feels that public

recognition should be given to companies doing well in

the area of CSR for development.

CONCLUSION

As per the data collected it can be seen that Nestle, Berger Paints India Limited,CG-PPI, Colgate

are the Companies conducting CSR activities and helping the society in development. Healthcare,

education, housing and welfare this are the majorly activities conducted by the companies. Majority

of the people's from community opinion about CSR is good and are happy with CSR activities

conducted till now. Majority of the peoples from community feel implementing CSR activities

should be the responsibility of every company as it resulted into benefiting the community and

majority of the people from community said public recognition should be given to companies

doing well in the area of CSR.

SUGGESTIONS

Activities should be done more often. Companies should also focus on environmental care and rural

sports. So far it is going good but in future the companies should increase the CSR activities by

understanding expectation of community which can result into complete success.



141


References

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/corporate-social-responsibility.html

https://doublethedonation.com/why-corporate-social-responsibility-is-important/

https://www.scribd.com/mobile/document/39025132/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-in-India

https://www.british-assessment.co.uk/guides/an-introduction-to-corporate-social-responsibility-

CSR/

http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--(CSR)

https://www.censusindia2011.com/goa/north-goa/ponda-population.html

http://www.goaholidayhomes.com/information/villages-and-towns.html

https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=32667638

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgate_(toothpaste)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9

http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/921-india/paint-and-coating-industry/11214-

berger-goa-paint-manufacturing-plant

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/corporate-social-responsibility.html

https://www.scribd.com/mobile/document/39025132/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-in-India

https://www.british-assessment.co.uk/guides/an-introduction-to-corporate-social-responsibility-csr/

https://www.british-assessment.co.uk/guides/an-introduction-to-corporate-social-responsibility-csr/

http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--(CSR)

https://www.censusindia2011.com/goa/north-goa/ponda-population.html

http://www.goaholidayhomes.com/information/villages-and-towns.html

https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=32667638

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9

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A STUDY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF MINERAL

FOUNDATION OF GOA WITHRESPECT TO ENVIRONMENT,

HEALTH AND AGRICULTURE

Mr. Amble Gaonkar Mr. Nayana Varak

Student: M.Com Part I Student: M.Com Part I

Post of Graduate Department commerce,

Govt. College of Arts, Science & Commerce

Khandola, Marcel-Goa

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. As

per the Companies Act 2013 the companies should spend 2% of their average net profits of last 3years

towards the CSR activities. Corporate social responsibility is about how the companies are managing the

business processes to produce an overall positive impact on the society.Mineral Foundation of Goa is a non-

profit organization formed by various mining companies in Goa. On behalf of the mining companies Mineral

foundation of Goa is helping the residents from mining affected areas through its various CSR activities. The

present paper highlights the corporate social responsibility activities of Mineral Foundation of Goa towards

Environment, Health and Agriculture. The study was based on secondary data.

Key Words: CSR, Mineral foundation of Goa, Environment, Health, Agriculture.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility is a concept which has become dominant in business reporting.

Every firm has a policy concerningcorporate social responsibility and produces a report annually

dealing with its activity. Corporate social responsibilityis concerned with what is or what should be

the relationship between global corporation, Governments of countries and individual citizens. CSR

is the relationship between a corporation and the local society in which it resides or operates. It is

about how the organization existence affects stakeholders beyond own insular interests, recognizing

the impact of firms operations have on the community at large. CSR is represented by the

contributions undertaken by companies for society or the environment through its business

activities and its social investment. CSR is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated in business

model. The CSR provisions within the act are applicable for private limited or public limited

companies which either has a net worth of Rs500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1000 crore or net profit

of Rs 5crore needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit of last 3 years towards the corporate





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social responsibility.

COMPANY PROFILE

Mineral Foundation of Goa was registered on 12th December 2000 under the Society Registration

Act 1860.It is promoted by mining industries in Goa. Mineral Foundation of Goa provide non-

profitorganization. It is founded to provide the practical solutions to protect the environment and

improve people‘s lives in the mining belt of Goa.Mineral Foundation of Goa is wholly dedicated to

the promotion of environment and social development programs. Mineral Foundation of Goa has

presence in more has 75 villages of 5 talukas. It contributes to economic growth, employment

generation and social upliftment of communities and conservation of the environment.

The mission ofMineral Foundation of Goa is to promote social investment programmes through

capacity building of stakeholder‘s participatory decision making, support ongoing effort and to pool

together activities to improve the natural environment for the sustainable development of the

mining belt.Mineral Foundation of Goa has undertaken various activities like construction of

bandaras, irrigation channels, classrooms, libraries, etc.The initiatives undertaken by Mineral

Foundation of Goa have been very encouraging. 35 companies come under the mining belt which

gives thee funds to Mineral Foundation of Goa. NABARD is also funding to Mineral Foundation of

Goa for small projects.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

It is said a healthy community is dependent on a sustainable environment. To keep the people

healthy the surrounding should be clean. CSR is the activity which helps the society. Present study

highlights the CSR activities provided by Mineral Foundation Goa with respect to environment,

health and agriculture. This study will be helpful to know the different methods adopted by Mineral

Foundation of Goa towards sustain the agriculture, environment and facilities provided in health.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

To study the CSR activities of Mineral Foundation of Goa towards agriculture, health and

environment.

METHODOLOGY

Primary source

Information was collected by personal interview with the officials of Mineral Foundation of Goa.

Secondary source

The data was collected from various articles, annual reports and from the official websites of

Mineral Foundation of Goa.

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DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES

The following are the environmental activities provided by Mineral Foundation of Goa in mining

belt.

1) Environment Education

Mineral Foundation of Goa has conducted residential nature orientation camps for students from the

mining belt. It is done to create awareness amongst student community about being responsible for

the environment conservation. 29 students from one village were benefited due to this scheme.

2) Bio-diversity survey

Bio-diversity survey is done to search the number and types of plant and animals which exist in a

particular area. They have found 75species of dragonflies. Mineral Foundation of Goa has also

created 13 new records for the state.

3) Camp of Green students

In this camp the few students were selected. They were taken to different places to groomed and

sensitize to various aspects related to environment, culture, traditions and social responsibilities.

Total 116 green students were benefited through this camps.

4) Solid waste management

Solid waste management is the process of collecting and treating solid waste. Under this

programme the foundation provides training to the community and provides technical support to the

panchayat. 1300 household were benefited due to this programme. Mineral Foundation of Goa

targets the self-help groups for awareness. Mineral Foundation of Goa started solid waste

management cell at sanquelim where benefited through this camp. They also provides two bags to

every house in a village to put dry waste and wet waste separately. They also delivers lectures to

stakeholders regarding how they make best use of waste.

5) Watershed management

Watershed management aims at conservation of soil, water conservation are done collectively by

farming self-help groups or user group managed by watershed management. Mineral foundation of

Goa has implemented the project over 6 micro watershed supported by department of agriculture

govt. of Goa. Similarly the project is going in Aden balls in quepem taluka sponsored by Goa

shipyard ltd. Due to watershed management 615 families were benefited.

HEALTH ACTIVITIES

The following are the health activities provided by Mineral Foundation of Goa the people from



145


mining belt.

1. School health camps

Mineral Foundation of Goa has organized 11 camps in different talukas of Goa. Nearly 2852 people

were benefited due to the health camps.

2. Village camps

People from mining belt area are mostly uneducated and unaware about health facilities provided

by government. From 2013 onwards mineral foundation of Goa took initiative to organize village

health camps to those people. Twice in a year village camps were conducted in each village. Nearly

448 people from mining belt were benefited due to this camps.

3. Help age facilities

Mineral Foundation of Goa provides help to the old age people by giving the free of cost medical

facilities. The private doctor was appointed by Mineral Foundation of Goa which was visiting the

village weekly to check the old age people. They were given free of cost treatment. It was helpful to

those who were not able to travel.

4. Gynaec issues

As it was noticed that women‘s in mining area were totally uneducated and they were unaware

about their health. They were not paying proper attention towards the health. So the MFG took

initiative to make them aware. Nearly 87 women were benefited due to these scheme.

AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES

Mineral Foundation of Goa has adopted several methods ti sustain the agriculture. They are as

follows:-

1) Rice Intensification

Mineral foundation of Goa has helped many farmers by using different technique such as rice

intensification. It is the method aimed at increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. It is a low

water, labour intensive method that uses younger seedlings singly spaced and typically hand

weeded with special tools. This system was first tried at Netravali village and later it was

demonstrated and adopted in Dharbandora, sanquem, Quepem, and Bicholim taluka. This technique

helps the farmers to reduce on inputs including seeds, fertilizers, labour and overall expenditure.

2) Fencing

Most of the farmers stopped cultivation as the wild animals destroyed their fields. This problem is

mainly faced in Culsai and village, as the animals were damaging the farms. As the Culsai and

Mayem village comes under the mining belt, Mineral Foundation of Goa took initiative to help

146



farmers from those area. To avoid these problem Mineral Foundation of Goa has constructed walls,

smooth wires, barbed wires etc...to protect fields from wild animals.

3) Reviving passion for farming

Farmers from many villages had stopped farming. After several years of zero farming activity in

Velguem 25 farmers have started farming due to help of Mineral Foundation of Goa. They provide

sustainable water solution and encouraged the usage of organic fertilizers to rehabilate the land.

They have provided seeds, tools and gave moreconcentration on how to cultivate land.

4) Vegetable cultivation

Mineral Foundation of Goa partnering with Goa State Horticulture ltd. And Govt. of Goa to

promote buyback scheme. Under this scheme they provide seeds, soil improving fertilizers,

pesticides, sermon compost etc… to the farmers. They monitors these fields with the help of Zonal

Agriculture offices in both the North Goa and South Goa district. One plot of irrigation vegetables

has been implemented in Virdi, sanquem and Sanquelim villages. They grew brinjals, chillies and

cluster beans.

CONCLUSION

Mineral Foundation of Goa is non-profit organization. It is formed by mining companies in Goa.

MFG is helping the needy people in Goa from mining belt. As the people from backward classes

are not able to get facilities provided by govt. MFG took initiative to help those people. MFG

provides facilities like health, new methods for agriculture and to protect the environment. In

agriculture they provides rice intensification, fencing, vegetable cultivation etc… In health they

organize school health camps, village camps, help age facilities etc… and to protect the

environment they have used the methods like watershed management facilities, environment

education, bio diversity survey etc…

REFERENCE

https://www.british/assessment.co.uk/guides/anintroduction-to-corporatesocialresponsibility-csr/

https://www.mfg.com


https://www.books.google.co.in/books?

http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/

http://www.uvm.edu/

―Annual report of MFG from the year 2000 -01 to 2015-16.‖

https://www.british/assessment.co.uk/guides/anintroduction-to-corporatesocialresponsibility-csr/

https://www.mfg.com/


https://www.books.google.co.in/books

http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/

http://www.uvm.edu/



147


CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT A CASE

STUDY OF HINDALCO

Mr. Dhavaleshwar C U Dr. Swadi S Y

Research Scholar Associate Professor

Dept. of Social Work Dept. of Social Work

Karnataka University Karnataka University

Dharwad Dharwad

Karnatak Karnataka

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify and investigate CSR initiatives of HINDALCO and to

analyze the contribution made by the organizations towards the rural development. The CSR practices and

policies of HINDALCO had examined policies and programmes for rural development reviewed and data

collected from Hindalco authorities as well as the community members who are benefited by the

organisation. Hence, Researcher adopted exploratory and case study methods for this purpose. The

observation, public opinion had been collected also the quantitative and qualitative Methodology used to

explore the facts. Statistical techniques have been used for data analysis and interpretation. In this study

several original findings identified by analyzing the different range of CSR policies, practices and activities

of the company will provide a valuable insight into how the organization is practicing CSR. The study

provides an evaluation of what is presently being done, and proposes ways through which the business

contribution could be enhanced in order to achieve the goal rural development.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, HINDALCO, Rural development.

INTRODUCTION

MOHAMMAD ANEES (2012), With increasing global awareness about environmental, social and

ethical issues corporate social responsibility is now believed to be an integral part of corporate

sector in every country. Companies Act of India is the great initiation by the govt of India in order

to promote community development activities throw corporate sector. Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) is a notion that encourages organizations to consider the interests of society

by taking responsibility for the impact of the organization‘s activities on customers, employees,

their family, the local community, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of

its operations. The present paper attempts to explore CSR practices in support of rural development

in India. It efforts to identify and investigates CSR initiatives of about ten companies and one

among them is Aditya Birla‘s Hindalco, a unit which is located in Belgaum city, of Karnataka state.

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Belgaum unit Hindalco is houses of an alumina plant, a world-class research centre for alumina,

and a carbon paste and block plant.

OBLECTIVES

The objectives of the study are s follows:

1. To know the socio-economic environment of the villages where, the companies have initiated

their CSR activities.

2. To examine the programmes and policies developed for the rural development

3. To extract the opinion from community people for effective rural development and

sustainability with social work concern.

METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher proposes to adopt Descriptive research design for the study, the descriptive research

design will be more helpful, description is the fact finding investigation with the adequate

interpretation.

UNIVERSE OF THE STUDY

The study covered HINDALCO industries, group of Aditya Birla Companies, where CSR activities

are implemented two dace‘s ago, and further community development activities by the company

has got best response by the community members where activities are implemented.

SAMPLING METHOD

Selection of respondent made by stratified and random sampling method for insuring that the unit

selected for study becomes as far possible beneficiary of the CSR activity implemented by the

company. The all 20 respondents are from various socioeconomic background was interviewed.

TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTIONAND ANALYSIS

The questionnaire was administrated to them during January, February 2018 for this purpose. Face

to face interviews were carried out with community members‘ who are benefited by CSR activities.

They were asked about social, family, and educational status with income sources. Especially

community development activities, soft and hard infrastructure development questions concentrated

more in this regard. Basic statistical analysis is made for the accuracy of the study,

comparativepercentage analysis conducted for this purpose.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

To understand the company contribution towards rural and community development simple

statistical analysis has done, further public opinions and suggestions have mentioned in following

Tables Company implemented many developmental activities for the development of the



149


community member, above table denotes that 80% of activities are related with the income

generation of the community.

.Programs implemented in the region by HINDALCO

Frequenc

y

Percent Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Income generation

activities 16 80.0 80.0 80.0

Literacy programs 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

1. Access to Health Care Services

Frequency Percent Valid

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Primary Health

Centre 12 60.0 60.0 60.0

Community Health

Centre 4 20.0 20.0 80.0

Company/Industry/F

actory Hospital 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

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Company has provided Health care services directly through its hospital, further it is directly

supporting to the primary, and community health care centers, among majority of 60% of the

community members take optimum use of Primary health centre (PHC).

2. How do you access your health condition?

Frequenc

y

Percen

t Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Vali

d

Very

good 8 40.0 40.0 40.0

Good 12 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

3. Do you consider that the CSR activities have helped your health

condition?

Frequen

cy

Percen

t

Valid

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Vali

d

No 16 80.0 80.0 80.0

Yes 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table no 3 and 4 explains about company contribution towards health sector, 60% of respondents

opine that they have a good health and 40% respondents said that they have a very good health.

However, 20% respondents agreed that their health improved because of the CSR activities.



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Literacy service as concern, Anganawadi /Balawadi or similar institution maintained by the

HINDALCO and scholarship programs was agreed by 40% each of the respondents. Rest 20%

respondents said that they had facility of sponsoring students for higher studies by the HINDALCO.

4. Facilities provided related with housing from the company


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid

0 16 80.0 80.0 80.0

Planted With Trees And

Green, infrastructure;

roads, water, electricity,

drainage, gardens and

parks

4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Company provided housing facility to employees also it has provided with the well-built road,

water facility, electricity drainage, gardens and parks to the public, entire area of HINDALCO is

planted with the trees and green infrastructure developed lot.

5. Empowerment programme for women


Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Establishment of SHG 4 20.0 20.0 20.0

Self-employment

trainings 12 60.0 60.0 80.0

Collaborative activities

with NGO s 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

6. Empowerment programme for physically challenged people


Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Employment

opportunities 4 20.0 20.0 20.0

Disability

Rehabilitation Centre 4 20.0 20.0 40.0

Providing Equipment‘s 12 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

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Empowerment of various sections of the society is important part of the rural development, therefor

company concentrate much on women empowerment 80% respondents provided with the self-

employment trainings further employment opportunities given to physically disabled and

rehabilitation centre in collaboration with NGO is running,

7. Welfare services provided by the HINDALCO

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

Services for

Orphans/Destitute 8 40.0 40.0 40.0

Single Parent 12 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Welfare services as concern 60% of respondents opine that, single parent children‘s given care and

protection also orphans also being helped by the company.

8. Hard infrastructure provided by the HINDALCO


Valid

Playground Facility 16 80.0 80.0 80.0

Community Hall or

Club 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

As a developmental concern 80% respondents opine that company provided playground facility

for community members and 20% opine that community hall or club also provided for social

activities

9. Activities undertaken by any NGO


Valid

Rural Development

Activities 12 60.0 60.0 60.0

Empowerment of

Backward Classes 4 20.0 20.0 80.0

Welfare of Vulnerable

Groups 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Overall development as concern 60% respondents opine that, rural development activities given

prominence also empowerment of background classes and welfare of the vulnerable groups also

considered for the development.



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10. List the Activities Environmental Concerns are initiated by the HINDALCO


Valid

Test and treatment of

Water, air emissions

before discharge outside

20 100.0 100.0 100.0

100% respondents accept that test and treatment of water is conduct regularly also pure drinking

water is provided to community members, environment as concern company taken all the

preventive measures.

11. Effect of CSR Specific noticeable effects of CSR activity conducted by the HINDALCO


Valid

Infrastructure

Development 8 40.0 40.0 40.0

Health status and

Literacy level increased 8 40.0 40.0 80.0

Income level is

increased 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Each 40% respondents opine that, company concentrate more on infrastructure development health

services, increased literacy. 20% respondents opine income level of community members is

increased.

12. Role of Public in CSR Involvement of public in planning and implementation

of CSR policies


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid

No involvement 4 20.0 20.0 20.0

As a member of the

Project formulation 16 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Public participation in relation with planning and implementation of CSR activities by

HINDALCO, company involved 80% respondents as members of project formulation.

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16. CSR activities help for sustainable development of

community


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 20 100.0 100.0 100.0

13. Effect of CSR Benefits on the community

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumu

lative

Perce

nt

Valid

Infrastructure Development 4 20.0 20.0 20.0

Improvement in occupation

and Income 12 60.0 60.0 80.0

Better Awareness on

Quality of Life 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Majority of 60% respondents opine that, there is improvement in occupation and income by the support

of CSR activities, rest of each 20% respondents opine that infrastructure development and quality of

life gained considerably.

14. Role of Public in CSR - Rating of association of the community with the CSR activities


Valid

Very good 8 40.0 40.0 40.0

Good 12 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

Majority of 60% respondents opine that their association with the CSR activities is good

and remaining 40% of opines that their association is very good.

15. CSR activities of the HINDALCO are appropriate toovercome the difficulties faced

by the community


Valid Yes 20 100.0 100.0 100.0



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17. By implementation of the CSR activities, quality of life of community members has

improved

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 20 100.0 100.0 100.0

All the 100% respondents opine that, CSR activities of the HINDALCO are appropriate to

overcome the difficulties faced by the community, CSR activities help for sustainable development

of community, By implementation of the CSR activities, quality of life of community members has

improved.

Overall Rating of CSR activities

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Highly satisfied 12 60.0 60.0 60.0

Satisfied 8 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0

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Major Findings:

1. Company implemented many developmental activities for the development of the

community member, above table denotes that 80% of activities are related with the income

generation of the community.

2. Company has provided Health care services directly through its hospital, further it is directly

supporting to the primary, and community health care centers, among majority of 60% of the

community members take optimum use of Primary health centre (PHC).

3. Table no 3 and 4 explains about company contribution towards health sector, 60% of

respondents opine that they have a good health.

4. Literacy service as concern, Anganawadi /Balawadi or similar institution maintained by the

HINDALCO and scholarship programs was agreed by 40% each of the respondents.

5. Company provided housing facility to employees also it has provided with the well-built

road, water facility, electricity drainage, gardens and parks to the public, entire area of

HINDALCO is planted with the trees and green infrastructure developed lot.

6. Empowerment of various sections of the society is important part of the rural development,

therefor company concentrate much on women empowerment 80% respondents provided

with the self-employment trainings further employment opportunities given to physically

disabled and rehabilitation centre in collaboration with NGO is running.

7. Welfare services as concern 60% of respondents opine that, single parent children‘s given

care and protection also orphans also being helped by the company.

8. As a developmental concern 80% respondents opine that company provided playground

facility for community members and 20% opine that community hall or club also provided

for social activities.

9. Overall development as concern 60% respondents opine that, rural development activities

given prominence also empowerment of background classes and welfare of the vulnerable

groups also considered for the development.

10. 100% respondents accept that test and treatment of water is conduct regularly also pure

drinking water is provided to community members, environment as concern company taken

all the preventive measures.

11. Each 40% respondents opine that, company concentrate more on infrastructure development

health services, increased literacy.



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12. Majority of 60% respondents opine that, there is improvement in occupation and income by

the support of CSR activities.

13. Majority of 60% respondents opine that their association with the CSR activities is good and

remaining 40% of opines that their association is very good.

14. All the 100% respondents opine that, CSR activities of the HINDALCO are appropriate to

overcome the difficulties faced by the community, CSR activities help for sustainable

development of community, by implementation of the CSR activities, quality of life of

community members has improved.

15. Overall opinion by the community members on rural development through CSR activities,

60% respondents opine they are highly satisfy and remaining 40% respondents satisfy with

the rural activities implemented through CSR.

Rural development and corporate social responsibility:

(SimaKumari) The role of corporate sectors does not end up with contributing in economic growth

of a country or to providing employment to the society but it goes beyond that, where corporate

sectors must provide benefits to the society at large without harming the natural resources. Hence,

the role of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Sustainable Development has become

vital today. The corporate sectors must design its Corporate Social Responsibility strategies and

they must put those strategies into practice in well manner, therefor Hindalco Belgaum unit

practicing sustainable rural development activities for the benefit of the society at large.

Role of Social Work:

(Dhavaleshwar C U, 2016)Every individual in a society aspire to live a healthy, tolerant, safe,

inclusive and fair life. Social work services have an essential contribution to make in achieving that

goal. work education have many challenges, but with the effort of educators, field practitioners, and

social work trainees it is turning towards to meet local needs and adopt local techniques to resolve

issues of an individual, the group and the community by adopting Community development skills.

Community development is core component of social work and it is concentrate on increase the

literacy rate, create and generate employment opportunity, poverty eradication, and eradication of

acute hungriness, gender equality and welfare of the vulnerable sections of the society by adopting

methods of social work. Social workers have vital role in understand our heritage of social work as

well as to understand and inculcate the professional skills of western practice of social work

profession. Social workers with the knowledge of both literature and practice can immensely

contribute for community development.

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CONCLUSION

Development is the only key solution for the all kind of social ills and community development.

Hence it is the major social responsibility of private sector to invest and involve in the development

of rural society. HINDALCO implemented various developmental programmes and activities for

the integrated development of the rural society, further they have to modify in to the programmes

and policies according to the need of the communities and need of the time. in order to fulfil the

societal needs, scientific need analysis must be undertake, by which needs to be priorities.

Therefore social workers analyses the needs of the community with the help of community

members and priorities them.

REFERENCE

1. MOHAMMAD ANEES - CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA BASED ON

NSE NIFTY COMPANIES International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services &

Management Research Vol.1 Issue 12, December 2012, ISSN 2277 3622 Online available at

www.indianresearchjournals.com 70

2. SimaKumari, Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainable Development, Conference

on Inclusive & Sustainable Growth Role of Industry, Government and Society Conference

Proceedings: 2011, Institute of Management Technology.

3. Dhavaleshwar, C. U. (2016). The Role of Social Worker in Community Development.

International Research Journal of SocialSciences 5, (10), 61-63.

4. Dhavaleshwar C U and Swadi, S. Y. (2016), CSR and Empowerment of Marginalised Sections,

International Research Journal of SocialSciences 5, (11), 32-34.

5. http://www.hindalco.com/sustainability/local-communities. 13.02.2018 12.57pm.

http://www.hindalco.com/sustainability/local-communities



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CSR AND HEALTH, EDUCATION AND SANITATION

Mrs. Manju Saxena (student, M.Phil, course)

Indian Institute of Education Pune (Maharashtra)

―Social responsibilities of businessmen need to be commensurate with their social power‖.

The next generation of employees is seeking out employers that are focused on the triple bottom

line: people, planet and revenue. Sustainability now plays a vital role for success of a business,

company connects students and professionals who want to use their business skills to do social

good. Communities are now grappling with problems that are global in scope and structurally

multifaceted. The business case for engaging in corporate social responsibility is clear and un

mistakable.

An enterprise is accountable for its impact on all relevant stakeholders. It is the continuing

commitment by business to behave fairly and responsibly, and contribute to economic development

while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as well as of the local

community and society at large local communities, thus focusing on multiple intervention areas like

Strengthening relationships with stakeholders

Enabling continuous improvement and encouraging innovation

Attracting the best industry talent as a socially responsible company

Additional motivation to employees

Risk mitigation because of an effective corporate governance framework

Enhanced ability to manage stakeholder expectations

So CSR (community Social responsibility) now works on triple bottom line- social, environmental

and economic or "people, planet, profit."Actually CSR initiatives and policies are built on four

pillars: Environment, Community, Workplace and Market Place.

Understanding the Companies Bill, 2012

In India, the concept of CSR is governed by clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, which was

passed by both Houses of the Parliament, and had received the assent of the President of India on

29 August 2013. The CSR provisions within the Act is applicable to companies with an annual

turnover of 1,000 crore INR and more, or a net worth of 500 crore INR and more, or a net profit of

five crore INR and more. The Act encourages companies to spend at least 2% of their average net

profit in the previous three years on CSR activities. It is estimated that the 2% CSR expenditure

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would translate to companies' spending around Rs 12,000 crore to 15,000 crore annually. The new

rules, which will be applicable from the fiscal year 2014-15 onwards, also requires a companies to

set-up a CSR committee consisting of their board members, including at least one independent

director.

In Schedule VII of the Bill there are 9 specified and 1 provisional generic categories of activities for

CSR –

Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty

Promotion of education

Promoting gender equality and empowering wome

Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health

Combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria

and other diseases

Ensuring environmental sustainability

Employment enhancing vocational skills

Social business projects

Contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other Fund set up by the

Central Government or the State Governments for socioeconomic development and relief

and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward

classes, minorities and women

Such other matters as may be prescribed.

According to schedule VII, Section135, activities which may be included by companies in

their Corporate Social Responsibility Policies are –

Majority of the firms develop and implement a multi pronged strategy for the development

of the local communities, thus focusing on multiple intervention areas. Among the top 100

companies, education and health are the two main focus areas for their CSR activities, with

87 firms implementing interventions in education and 80 firms in health.

While traditionally, the CSR initiatives were restricted to providing financial support to

educational institutes, more and more firms have now begun to associate the government to

enhance education in rural and under-developed areas

Skill enhancement is also gradually becoming a key focus area for the firms, with training

and recruitment of local population enabling the firms to build workforce from the local.



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Public relations and marketing firm Communications -

Eilbert and Parket defined CSR as:

―Think of it as ‗good neighborliness‘. The concept involves two phases. On the one hand, it means

not doing things that spoil the neighborhood. On the other, it may be expressed as the voluntary

assumption of the obligation to help solve neighborhood problems.‖

What is Corporate Social Responsibility?

Social media is changing the face of [corporate social responsibility] as citizens worldwide have

unprecedented access to information about corporate behavior, "They are poised to not only engage

with companies around vital issues but also serve as [corporate social responsibility] megaphones,

equally propagating the good and bad."

This is the concept that an enterprise is accountable for its impact on all relevant stakeholders. It is

the continuing commitment by business to behave fairly and responsibly, and contribute to

economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as

well as of the local community and society at large local communities, thus focusing on multiple

intervention areas.

As a code of conduct, the CED outlined a three-tiered model of CSR:

The inner circle: the basic responsibilities an organization has for creating profit and

growth;

The intermediate circle: an organization must be sensitive to the changing social contract

that exists between business and society when it pursues its economic interests; and

The outer circle: the responsibilities and activities an organization needs to pursue towards

actively improving the social environment eg. Poverty or urban crowding issues.

CSR and health

CSR is not a panacea to all ills it can only act as a catalyst or complement government efforts,‖ Our

Government spending on healthcare is estimated to be about 1.5% of the GDP. In comparison to

other countries this is significantly lower. Maternal and infant mortality is high, which is

unacceptable in any country. Although life expectancy has increased substantially, it is still low

compared to many countries. Government is equally focused on improving health for all; the

Survey said the government has approved setting up of National Nutrition Mission (NNM)

commencing this fiscal. The NNM, as an apex body, will monitor, supervise, fix targets and guide

the nutrition related interventions across ministries. The Indian health system continues to evolve in

response to changing demographics and disease patterns, rapid technological advances, complex

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financing and delivery mechanisms. One of the key questions for policy makers at union and state

level is ―How much do we spend on health and is it measured in a comparable way across

geographies and time to ensure information related to healthcare expenditure is available to policy

makers and analysts. Expecting the government to solve all problems is a convenient stance.

There is much that companies can do to support health care as a part of their 2 percent mandatory

spending. Companies focus significantly on healthcare. Our study of India‘s top companies for

sustainability and CSR shows that the top 200 companies spend around Rs 1369 cores on healthcare

and wellness. About 24% of the total spend on CSR is focused on healthcare. However, much of the

spend tends to be focused on health camps and building hospitals or donating to hospitals for

upkeep of facilities. Health camps tend to have a short-term orientation and are number driven.

Setting up and running hospitals are often poorly targeted.

The National Health Policy 2017 was approved by the Cabinet on 15th March 2017 with an

objective to achieve the highest possible level of good health and well-being, through a preventive

and primitive health care orientation in all developmental policies, and to achieve universal access

to good quality health care services without anyone having to face financial hardship. It aims raise

expenditure on healthcare in a time bound manner to 2.5% of GDP. It also aims to bring down

infant mortality, increase life expectancy, and recognize doctors for giving back to the society,

promoting AYUSH aiming other things. More details of the policy are still awaited.

Given the above issues, companies need to find more way to engage in CSR activities around

healthcare. We outline a few themes where Indian companies could refine their focus and their

attention:

Improving primary care

Getting doctors to rural areas

Increase number of doctors

Provide barefoot doctors:

Reducing treatment cost:

Promote tradition medicine:

Companies invest significantly in health check-up camps.

Support non-mainstream illnesses

CSR contribution

Piramal Enterprises Ltd The objective of its project Piramal Swasthya is reduction in maternal

mortality rate by 30% and infant mortality rate by 20% in the next three years. A 104 toll-free



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health information helpline call centre reaches out to 27 crore people in seven states and 4.3 lakhs

were served through the Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS project in

Rajasthan.

MADHAVI ORGANIC FARMS

A 120kVA solar plant powers the farm. The impact on the environment has been immeasurable

with the botanical treasure house offering solutions for reversing climate change, producing tons of

oxygen every day for the villagers. Dainik Jagran, the most read Hindi newspaper‘s CSR wing,

Jagran Pehel, launched ‗Changing Behavior: Creating Sanitation Change Leaders‘ to drive behavior

change towards hygiene and sanitation across 200 villages in UP and Bihar. Over 75 villages

achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) or near ODF status in the first phase, which reached over

85,205 households. 6,120 additional toilets were built and 1, 20,724sq cm walls painted with

sanitation messages.

EESAVYASA TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.

Nanotechnology-based water projects were kick-started in villages hit with water contamination

due to excess mineral contents causing bone deformities and arthritis. The uniqueness of the water

treatment is its ‗zero waste water purification‘ system that prevents unnecessary ground water table

depletion.

WADIA GROUP

Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children (BJWHC) is the first independent pediatric hospital

established in India, and provides free and subsidized comprehensive healthcare to children in need.

With 525 beds and five operation theatres, it caters to 55,000 children in the Out Patient

Department (OPD) and 13,000 children in the In Patient Department (IPD).

NEEMRANA GROUP OF HOTELS

Popular for restoring ruins and turning them into heritage hotels, the Neemrana Group started a

project in 2015. The two-year long project ensured awareness of health problems and healthcare

facilities, regular doctor visits to villages, periodic health camps, medicines like IFA, Vitamin A

and availability of contraceptives at anganwadis.

SUN LIFE INDIA SERVICE CENTRE PVT. LTD

Under ‗Education for All and Extending Hand towards Building Sustainable Livelihood,‘ a

stationery donation/collection drive was conducted, where 150 employees collected 1,500

stationery items for the NGO Harmony House

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CSR AND EDUCATION

“Everyone has the Right to Education‖ (UDHR, 1948)

‗Education for all‘ movement was conceived at the world conference by UNESCO, UNDP,

UNFPA, UNICEF and the World Bank in 1990. India has joined the league of over 130 countries

which have legal guarantees to provide free and compulsory education to children. . Ours is the age

of the knowledge economy. Only quality education for every child can help us achieve the goal of

long-term economic and social equity. Since Independence, successive Indian governments have

had to address a number of key challenges with regard to education policy, which has always

formed a crucial part of its development agenda. The key challenges are:

Improving access and quality at all levels of education;

Increasing funding, especially with regard to higher education;

Improving literacy rates.

The great achievement of the Indian government is a big jump in the literacy rate from 18.3% in

1950-51 to 74.04% in 2010-11 ―Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan‖ which has been in operation since 2000-

2001. It promises to offer free and compulsory education to children of 6-14 years. The late Chief

Minister of Tamil Nadu, K.Kamaraj, was the pioneer in introducing mid-day meal scheme for

schools in the year 1962 to encourage parents to send their kids to schools and reduce dropout rates.

Education is not only an instrument of enhancing efficiency but is also an effective tool of

widening and augmenting

NEW DIMENSIONS IN EDUCATION-

The invasion of technology in life as well as in education system has changed the face of

education system in India smoothly, because with time the brain too has started adapting the

technological changes, which has taken place. Now the kids as young as 3-4 years-old run

the iPads, smartphones, gadgets and computers

The introduction of international schools in private sector has brought with it a significant

change in the education system.

It has worked as the doorway to the outer world and preparing students to compete with

international students on an international platform.

Now the kids have a vast field ahead of them to explore in any subject they feel like. The

cost of education has definitely increased to multiple levels as compared to the early years,

be it government schools or private schools, money is being flown endlessly for the

betterment of students



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The different technologies introduced in learning such as use of internet connections, interaction

with teachers, students across globe has become easy. The world has shrunken with the help of

internet connection, which lacked in early years.

There are 4 key outcomes that any education initiative could align to for maximizing impact:

Enrollment

Retention

Learning Outcomes

Holistic Development,

REMARKABLE WORK OF CSR IN EDUCATION-

Tata Education Excellence Program is an award winning education program in Pune, launched

by Tata Motors. Every year it identifies 600 boys and girls, enrolled in secondary schools. This

program has helped improve the pass percentage of students to 98% and reduced the drop-out rates

from 35 to less than 5%., the company supports 11 schools in Jamshedpur, Asha Kiran a special-

needs children school and many municipal schools in Mumbai. Tata Motors organize coaching

classes for weak students and provide scholarship assistance to meritorious students.

Wipro‟s “Applying Thought in Schools” is a part of its CSR initiative ―Wipro cares‖. This

program has brought together 1000 schools, 10,000 educators and 30 social organizations across 17

states in the country to create a complete reform in the field of education. Wipro also supports

workshops and seminars that empower teachers.

CSR activities of ITC in Education sector:

ITC‟s Primary Education Program: has benefitted over 300,000 children. ITC in its rural

endeavor provides primary education in order to address the problem of economic weakness rural

families. It also has a network of 353 libraries, resource centers, Roaming Laptops program and

mobile library services covering 310 schools.

Indian Oil Corporation rewards over 2600 scholarships to meritorious students every year as their

CSR initiative in the field of education. They reward students from all walks of life, especially girls,

physically handicapped and students from J&K.

Aditya Birla Group fulfill their CSR responsibilities by concentrating on awarding merit

scholarships for girls to pursue higher education and technical education and for boys to make them

industry-ready. Aditya Birla Schools are spread over 11 states along with Balwadis and Aditya

Birla Vidya Mandirs providing education for every genre of kid. They also promote computer

education and distance education for schools all over the country.

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Tech Mahindra Foundation (TMF) its corporate social responsibility (CSR) arm. It has worked

tirelessly towards the vision of ‗Empowering through Education‘ with a budget of INR 35 Cr for

2015-16. The Foundation is running 150+ projects in ten locations of India. More than 50 schools

where the Foundation intervened in 2014-15 have shown better performance on academic, social,

organizational and infrastructural domains.

The Mini Science Center includes working models for subjects like biology, chemistry, physics,

astronomy, geometry and mathematics. These working models are often based on textbook syllabus

of class 5th to 10th of SSC, CBSC and ICSE boards. These are available in English as well as

regional languages.

Recently Maharashtra State Government Resolution (GR) has approved the installation of Mini

Science Centers in Government, Aided and Local Self Governing schools. Government is planning

to sponsor these Mini Science centers through MLA funds. Once installed Schools will be

responsible for maintaining the center and monitor the effectiveness through self assessment.

Corporate can also pick this government initiative and sponsor Mini Science Centers to government

schools in India through their CSR.

CSR AND SANITATION-

―The Swachh Bharat Mission has catalyzed the conversation around sanitation, right from the

streets to the boardrooms of corporate India. However, despite substantial support from the

corporate sector, the road ahead remains challenging. We need to recognize that tackling this issue

is as much about changing ingrained behavior and social norms as it is about infrastructure. To

address these gaps and move forward we need to bring together key players in the sanitation

ecosystem and drive collective efforts towards ending open defecation in India. We must engage in

the full cycle of ‗Build, Use, Maintain and Treat.‘ The India Sanitation Coalition aims to do this by

creating a dynamic platform for companies, civil society groups, government, financial institutions,

media and multilateral organizations and experts to find sustainable solutions for sanitation.

- Naina Lal Kidwai Chair, India Sanitation Coalition

Poor sanitation, water and hygiene can have serious repercussions on healthcare, education and the

economy. The inability to access improved sources of drinking water leaves 97 million people in

India vulnerable to many communicable diseases that are spread through ingesting unsafe water.

88% of diarrheal deaths globally are due to a lack of access to proper sanitation facilities. An

emerging body of research on malnutrition also suggests that the root cause of stunting in India may

be due to an abundance of human waste polluting soil and water, rather than food scarcity. Such



167


problems are compounded in urban slums, where the close proximity of living spaces, open

drainage and poor maintenance of existing facilities cause significant health-risks for those residing

in such areas. While 63% of urban populations have access to improved sources of sanitation, the

quality of these services remain inadequate and unequally divided amongst citizens.

Sulabh constructed 21,515 individual household toilets, 244 public toilets and 7,344 toilet blocks in

various schools all over the country. It has also installed sanitary napkins vending machines in

schools.

In 2016-17, their household toilet construction in Haryana villages like Hirmathla and Kurali, gave

the villages the ODF status.

Despite this significant interest and participation from companies, little is known about their

approach, the nature of their interventions and the barriers they face while implementing programs

in the field of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

WASH ,Corporate India has responded enthusiastically to the Government‘s call-to-action on

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene issues Data indicated that the most popular states for CSR in

WASH were Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. These

states also reported high rates of open defecation. However, some states such as Jammu and

Kashmir, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh were neglected, despite high open defecation rates. The

North-East in general saw low levels of corporate interest.

Programs on influencing behavior appear tokenistic- 20% of companies reported integrating

behavior change communication (BCC) into their programs. Data on existing programs suggests

that a majority were Companies: Companies should consider addressing existing gaps in the WASH

lifecycle, such as the operation and maintenance of sanitation facilities and influencing the

behaviour and attitude of communities. Companies can also collaborate with other key stakeholders

on the WASH agenda through collective impact models which reduce risk and encourage

sustainability.

Conclusion As a responsible corporate citizen, CSR continues to earmark considerable resources

for the common cause. , among the premier companies in India, CSR always believed that true

corporate performance does not only mean delivering growth, but addressing larger social issues

like protection of the environment, education of the underprivileged, health and sanitation up

gradation Education & skill development, healthcare & sanitation, rural development projects and

environment topped the ‗cause-list‘ of Indian companies, mandated to allocate a portion of their

profits to community development. About 1300 listed companies in India fell under the ‗mandatory

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2 per cent CSR spend., As many as 75 per cent have formally reported CSR activity, spending on

an average 1.35 per cent of their net profit.

References

Agarwal, S (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility in India. New Delhi: Response Books

Crowther.D & Crowthe, G. (2008) Corporate Social responsibility. U.K.: Aras & Ventus Publishing

APS

Kaushik LexisNexis; First 2017 edition (24 April 2017) Hardcover – 24 Apr 2017

Kshama,K V. (2017). Steering Business towards Social Change

Ray, S. & Raju S (2014). Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility: Indian Perspectives New

Delhi: Springer

.

https://www.google.co.in/search?sa=X&q=Agarwal+Sanjay&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LSz9U3SDaOj7dMUkKwjbVkspOt9JPy87P1y4syS0pS8-LL84uyrRJLSzLyiwD3T6ydOAAAAA&ved=0ahUKEwii7vnasanZAhWLpY8KHU4dA3IQmxMIkAIoATAR



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A STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD FOR PRIMITIVE VULNERABLE

TRIBAL PLANTATION LABOURS IN TAMIL NADU: A CSR INITIATIVE BY

THE UNITED TEA ESTATE COMPANY LIMITED

G.M.Gowri Lakshmi Dr. C.Esther Buvana

Ph.D Research Scholar, Assistant Professor & Head of the Department

[email protected] [email protected]

Dept. of Public Administration, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu.

ABSTRACT

Tribals constitute 794,697 of total population of the state of Tamil Nadu. The primitive tribal group (PVTG)

constitutes 3.9% of the total scheduled tribe population of India. 6 tribes have been identified as primitive

tribal groups in Tamil Nadu. As part of CSR initiatives, UNITEA, believe that their growth is linked with the

prosperity of their employees and the communities that they work and live in. To that end, UNITEA‟s

pioneering welfare schemes have certainly captured the imagination of the “tea” world. Their welfare

schemes not only enhance and enable the lives of their employees and their families, but also the

neighbouring communities, linking them all together in the circle of life. This paper looks into the CSR

initiatives taken in Tribal Society. The main objective of the paper is to understand CSR activities

undertaken by UNITEA for PVTG plantation labours in Nilgiri District of Tamil Nadu. The impact of CSR

activities is highlighted. This paper is based on primary data and Secondary data. Data has been collected

from Kurumba tribal community in Coonoor and Udhagamandalam blocks in the Nilgiri District.

Keywords: primitive tribes, health care, education and livelihood.

INTRODUCTION

As stated in 2011 census the total population of Tamil Nadu is 7,21,47,030 in which the tribal

population constitute 794,697, which is 1.05% of the total population when we compare the 2001

census with that we come to know that 2011,there is an increase of 2% in the tribal population.

Among these tribal people more than 90% of them live in rural areas only 9.6% live in urban area.

The Nilgiris district has the highest percentage of STs (4.5%), particularly Particularly Vulnerable

Tribal Groups. These Primitive tribes have distinct characteristics. They are vulnerable mainly due

to their shyness and being oblivious to the outside world. 75 communities have been identified as

PVTGs in India. The literacy level of these communities is very low. Among the 36 tribes in Tamil

Nadu, Six tribes have been classified as PVTGs (Primitive Venerable Tribe Groups). They are –

Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Irulas, Paniyas and Kattunaikkan.. As part of CSR initiatives, UNITEA



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has undertaken several initiatives for the development of PVTGs The main aim to aim of UNITEA

is to create employability. This paper looks into the CSR initiatives taken in Tribal society. The

main objective of the paper is to understand CSR activities undertaken by UNITEA for PVTG

plantation labours in The Nilgiris. The impact of CSR activities is highlighted. The paper tries to

Understand the lifestyle of Kurumba PVTG and their unique characteristics

CSR activities of UNITEA for tribals

It looks at the programmes implemented for livelihood options and other initiatives taken by

UNITEA for primitive tribal groups

METHODOLOGY

This paper is based on primary data and secondary data. Information about Kurumbas a were

obtained by gathering documents from Tribal Research Centre at the start of the study. Discussions

with Tribal people who are working as daily wage labourer in Tea Plantation and visits to Tribal

Research Centre (TRC), gave deep insights into the lives of PVTGs.

Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data in 5 villages. The study is exploratory in

nature. Primary research was conducted using a questionnaire to understand the demographics,

culture, tradition, means of livelihood, infrastructure and health facilities, etc. of the PTGs. The

respondents were mainly the village heads and the literate youth of these villages, though men,

women, children too were an integral part of our exploratory research. The sample size consisted of

5 villages each having a population, ranging from 50-100. Data was collected in 2nd week of May,

2016. Section 2 gives a background of Kurumba primitive tribal group. The activities of UNITEA

are given in section 3. Section 4 discusses the lifestyle of tribes by giving a profile of 5 villages .

Section 5 highlights the initiatives taken by UNITEA for upliftment of primitive tribal groups.

TRIBES IN INDIA

Tribal (Adivasi) is an umbrella term for the heterogeneous set of ethnic groups claimed to be the

aboriginal population of India. However, It was observed that not all the tribal communities were at

the same level of development and in order to foster the same, certain groups were identified for the

first time in 1975-76 and thereafter in 1993, who are regarded as the poorest of the poor amongst

the STs and were called Primitive Tribal Groups or PTGs (GOI). Identification of PVTGs happens

keeping intact the following fixed criteria:

Pre-agricultural level of technology

Very low level of literacy

Declining or stagnant population



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KURUMBA TRIBES OF THE NILGIRIS

Kurumbas of Nilgiris fall into several categories and live mostly on the bordering slopes of the

district. These habitations are usually suffixed with the terms of kombi (or kombai) and Oor (or Ur)

the religion of Alu Kurumbas is essentially an ancestor cult. The peaks of the hills surrounding their

settlements are identified with certain deities. Traditionally, Alu Kurumbas were hunter-gatherers,

slash, and burn cultivators. Now they are fully dawn into the plantation of the Nilgiris either as

small growers of Coffee and Tea or as wage laborers in large Tea and Coffee plantations. Gathering

of roots, tubers, herbs and collection of honey is still pursued by many of them has seasonal activity

in their neighborhood forests. Day to day needs of vegetables and green to get from their kitchen

gardens. They identify and use a variety of plants from the forests for various purposes, like, house

construction, firewood, medicinal items and for magic religious purposes. The Kurumbas must be

regarded as very old inhabitants of this land, who can contest with their Dravidian relatives the

priority of occupation of the Indian soil. The two rival tribes have in reality become so intermixed

with each other, that is according to the temporary superiority of the one or the other, the same

district is at different times know as valanadu or kurumbanadu, while in some instances, when both

tribes are living apart from each other. Concentrated the Nilgiri district of Tamilnadu, they prefer to

themselves kurumbar, while others refer to them as Kurumba, Kuruba, Kuremna and Kuruman.

Entomologically Kurumba means one who tends sheep. Though there are some Kurumba living in

the plain area of the state, they have not been notified as a scheduled as a Scheduled Tribe.Only

those who are living in the Nilgiri district of Tamilnadu are included in the list of the Scheduled

Tribes. They speak among themselves as a dialect of Kannada, The South Dravidian language, and

Tamil spoken with others. In the present century of the census of India has identified five divisions

among the Kurumbas. They are:

1. Alu (or)Pal Kurumbas

2. Jen Kurumbas

3. Urali Kurumbas

4. Betta Kurumbas

5. Mullu Kurumbas

Kurumbas as very old inhabitants of the Nilgiri hills. The origins of the different Kurumba groups

are still mystery and debatable but Kurumbas of Nilgiri district claim that they trace their origin and

migration with the boarders of Wynaad (Kerala state) Gundalpet(Karnataka state) and Attapady

(Kerala state) in and around Nilgiri plateau. In Nilgiri district, the Kurumbas are living in the

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Taluks of Coonoor, Kothagiri, Kundha, Gudalur and Pandalur,Taluk wise distribution of Kurumbas

settlements and their different sub-groups communities‘ these 35 Kurumba settlements are located

in Coonoor Taluk.26 Kurumbas settlements are located in Kothagiri Taluk;11 settlements in

Pandalur Taluk. 24 settlements in Gudalur taluk

CSR ACTIVITIES OF UNITEA

UNITEA, believe that their growth is linked with the prosperity of their employees and the

communities that they work and live in. To that end, UNITEA‘s pioneering welfare schemes have

certainly captured the imagination of the ―tea‖ world. Their welfare schemes not only enhance and

enable the lives of their employees and their families, but also the neighbouring communities,

linking them all together in the circle of life. The UNITEA focuses on four important issues: a.

education b. improvement of livelihood opportunities c. preservation of the ethnic identity of the

tribal community d. Children‘s Home.

EDUCATION

In the field of education, UNITEA offers the children of its employees the very best option in the

district. The first school amongst the plantations was instituted at Chamraj in 1979, and the

language of instruction was Tamil. The Higher Secondary School followed this in 1983. The

response to these schools, from the workers, the staff, and the neighbouring villages has been truly

overwhelming.

UNITEA started another school with English as the language of instruction in 1991 – for primary

and from 6th onwards – yet another first amongst plantations. Classrooms are equipped with audio /

visual aids and are truly interactive. Computer education taught in collaboration with NIIT is

advanced and comprehensive. The school is not only renowned for consistent academic

achievements, but extracurricular activities like sports, dramatics, dance, and music abound as well.

UNITEA strongly believes in all-round development combined with academic excellence, and in

the process helping children discover their innate potential. The Chamraj schools along with the

four primary schools are located at different estates and support a total strength of 1300+ students.

The school enjoys a great reputation and is much sought after within the district. Children from all

over the estate – from those of the managers to those of the workers, all study under the same roof.

A hostel facility supports the increasing number of children coming into the school from the

neighbouring estates.In 1986, the Company contributed towards setting up a Higher Education

Scheme. Today the scheme supports 40 students through their college education, and is jointly

funded by the labour force and the Company. Yet another example of ―oneness‖.



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CARE

Continuing in the spirit of service and commitment to its employees and community, UNITEA

opened the Chamraj Hospital to the public in 1984. The only hospital within a radius of 25 kms

from the estate (covering over 16 villages), it provides state-of-the-art medical facilities, free of

charge to its workforce. Chamraj Hospital is also the first estate hospital to open its facilities to the

local public for a subsidized fee.

Facilities at the Chamraj Hospital include a full-fledged pathology lab, two x-ray units (standard

and portable), ECG with and without interpretation, ultrasound scanner, fully equipped operation

theatre, dental chair, and ophthalmology (consulting only). Hospital also serves as the registrar for

Birth and Death Certificates, and is a center for family planning. Hospital staff includes, Surgeons

and Anaesthesiologists – Government and Private doctors on call 24 by 7. One ambulance is

currently in service within the community, and one more is to follow later this year.

Today the Chamraj hospital treats 25,000+ non-estate patients a year, which is a testament to the

high standard of services provided, and UNITEA‘s commitment to its employees and the

community.

CHILDREN‟S HOME

UNITEA Children‘s home was started in 1987 for the orphan children of the neighbouring villages

of the estate. The home supports both boys and girls of ages ranging from four to fifteen. The

Children‘s homes are located close to the houses of the Chamraj Managers and Staff, so that they

are available for any assistance or guidance, or companionship. The staff and management at

Chamraj are like an extended family to these children, and it is quite common to see a staff member

or a manager‘s wife tutoring these children – studies, music and such in the evenings.

The home gives the children a true sense of belonging. The children are enrolled for studies at the

Chamraj School. They are also encouraged to be their own self – be it either growing a garden /

vegetable patch or rearing a pet. This gives them a sense of responsibility and encourages them to

participate in the home activities. By not only providing them a place that they can call their own,

they are also given tools and education to equip themselves for the future.

An inordinate amount of effort has gone towards creating a place that the children can call their

own place. Expenses towards running these homes are met by generous contributions from the

Chamraj team – workers, staff, and management. Yet another example of how Chamraj team lives

its values!

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PROFILE OF PVTG PLANTATION LABOUR WHERE UNITEA IS WORKING

Table 1 : Profile of Villages

S.No Village Block No.of.Families

working has

plantation lobours

Literacy Level

1 Burliar Coonoor 33 Literate up to standard six

2 Ketti Coonoor 16 Only 1 or 2 literate

3 Melur Coonoor 25 Majority of illiterates

4 Solur Udhagamandalam 18 Few literate Families

5 Kedhai Udhagamandalam 11 Only 1 or 2 literature

(Source : Primary Data)

An overview of 5 villages under study is shown in Table 1. The majority villages, 3 out of 5 are

Coonoor blocks while only 2 villages are from Udhagamandalam blocks. The size of population

ranged from 33 families in Burliar village to 16 families in Keti village and 25 from Melur village.

Around 11- 18 families from Solur and Kedhai villages of Udhagamandalam Block .Their literacy

level of these tribal groups is very low, only 1 to 2 persons in each village. Exceptions are Solur

village has the highest number of literate persons where almost each family has a literate member.

Some have studied upto class 6.

Table 2 Economic Profile

S.No Village Nature of Labour Monthly Income

Contract Permanent

1 Burliar 23 10 Above10,000

2 Ketti 16 - Below 5,000

3 Melur 12 13 Below 3000 per

month for couple

4 Solur 6 12 Below 10,000

5 Kedhai 11 - 5000 – 10,000

(Source : Primary Data)

It is seen most of the families in the selected villages are Contract Labourer. So their incomes are

very low. Except for Burliar where incomes are above Rs10,000 per month, majority of villages

have incomes below 3000. The economic conditions needs radical improvement.

Table 3 Infrastructure

S.N

o

Village School Electric

ity

Health

Facility

Post

office

Drinki

ng

Water

Toilet Mobile

s

1 Burliar Primary

School

Yes Yes No Yes No Yes

2 Ketti Primary

School

Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes



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3 Melur Primary and

High School

Yes No No Yes No Yes

4 Solur Higher

Secondary

School

Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

5 Kedhai GTR School Yes Yes No Yes No Yes

(Source: Primary Data)

Electricity connection is almost available at all the villages. Health facility is available in most of

the selected villages. Although PHC exist in most villages, except Melur Village they may not be

fully accessible. In the villages under UNITEA providing health facilities. All villages have access

to clean drinking water. Post Offices are available in all villages while banks are available in five

villages. People have accounts in Banks to access MGNREGP funds. Mobile connectivity has

penetration in around 90% of villages, and is mainly used for listening songs. Many families have a

mobile. It is seen from Table 3 that most of the selected villages have primary and upper primary

schools. It is seen that primary and middle schools are present in all villages. Accessibility to high

schools and Higher secondary school exists in some villages. It should be noted there is no toilet

facilities in the study villages.

SECTION 5: WORK DONE BY TCS IN THESE VILLAGES

TCS has taken several initiatives for promoting the cause of PVTGs. Some of them are mentioned.

In April 2010, 4 Women self help groups were formed in these villages and trained in the

production of bamboo home usage products 60 adults from PVTG villages enrolled in Adult

literacy Centres run in the villages. At the end of the programme, 31 community members

graduated as literates from the programme UNITEA constructed a community shed in Chamraj

village. This shed is being used for meetings and trainings

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

As the population of the primitive tribes is inactive, special emphasis has been given by TCS on

providing medical facilities to the ailing residents of these villages. Besides curative services,

awareness level on health is also raised through health talks on pertinent issues. In the weekly

mobile medical clinics held in these villages, 1660 cases were treated in Financial Year 2016-17. 9

of the crtically ill patients from these villages were taken for hospitalisation in Chamraj Hospital.

The entire cost of hospitalisation was borne by UNITEA.

EDUCATION INITIATIVE

TCS is promoting the cause of education among PVTGs. The education of children was never a

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concern among Kurumba PVTG plantation parents. UNITEA took up the step to intervene for the

education of children from this community. , parents in the this communities required lot of

counselling to finally agree to send their children to the residential schools. Initially, 10 kurumba

children were identified in 1979 from Melur and Solur villages. These children were sent to

Chamraj for residential education.

UNITEA faced many challenges regarding children‘s education. The parents had to be convinced

about the well being of their children. There were major challenges in acclimatizing children with

the new environment of the school. TCS made significant effort to convince the parents as well as

acclimatize the children. With time, children got used to going to school and started learning new

things. At regular intervals, parents were taken to school to visit their children. The children came

back home in holidays and festivals.The children started picking up in studies. Their all round

improvement was clearly visible. They learnt poetry, songs and were able to read and write in

Tamil. They looked forward to going back to school after holidays. Parents came forward to send

their children to school. Now there are 1500+ students are studying at chamraj . UNITEA is bearing

the full cost of education.

CONCLUSION

The work done by TCS for primitive tribal groups has yielded considerable results. The shy and

restrained youth of PVTG who previously wandered aimlessly have started working shoulder to

shoulder with the mainstream population. Social transformations are taking place as a result of CSR

initiatives of UNITEA. Livelihood options are being generated in the form of making of

handicrafts. Ethnic goods are being contributed to society.

REFERENCE

Census of India, Vital Statistics. Available at: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-

common/vitalstatistics.html

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 10, October 2015 1

ISSN 2250-3153

Jakka Parthasaathy. (2003,), Kurumbas of Nilgiri district Tamil Nadu, HADP TRC, Ooty, pp.2021.

Jaysawal, N. (2015, June 02). Marginalisation of Tribal Communities Due to Globalization.

Retrieved August 25, 2017, from

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2613217

Khera, R. (2008): Starvation and Primitive Tribal Groups, Economic and Political Weekly, Dec 27,

2008

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/vitalstatistics.html

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/vitalstatistics.html

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2613217



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Pachauri K. (1984). Dynamics of rural in Tribal areas, A study of Srikakulam District, concept

publishing, New Delhi, ,P.21

P. Vidyarthi, ed., Tribal Developmentand Its Administration, Concept Publishing Company, New

Delhi, 1986.

Radhakrishnan (2009): Starvation among Primitive Tribal Groups, Economic and Political Weekly,

May 2, 2009

Shukla, S. (2011): Study on the Historical perspective and present context of the Socio- Cultural

structure and practices of Primitive tribes, with special reference Birhor, The Asian Man,

Vol. 5, Issue 2, July – Dec.

Varte, I.Z, &Neitham, E.L. (2012). People and development: With special reference to the tribal

peoples of north-east India. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(1),

46-51. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/00c092ef94c641139f42e01270a3f587

http://unitednilgiritea.com/

https://doaj.org/article/00c092ef94c641139f42e01270a3f587

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Meenakshi D/o Laxman Rao*

MSW, M Phil, NET, K-SET,(Ph.D)

Guest Faculty

Department of Social Work, Gulbarga University, Kalburgi.

ABSTRACT

In this paper the author tries to highlight the CSR challenges and strategies used for the betterment of the

community. So the concept of social responsibility is now firmly rooted on the global business agenda. But in

order to move form theory to concrete action, many obstacles need to be overcome. A key challenge facing

business is the need for more reliable indicators of progress in the field of CSR, along with the

disseminations of CSR strategies. Transparency and dialogue can help to make a business appear more

trustworthy, and push up the standards of other organizations at the same time.

In India companies like TATA and Birla are practicing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for

decades, long before CSR become a popular basis. In spite of having such good glorious examples; In India CSR is in a

very much budding stage. A lack of understanding, inadequately trained personnel, coverage, policy etc. further adds to the

reach and effectiveness of CSR programs. Large no. of companies are undertaking these activities superficially and

promoting/ highlighting the activities in Media. This research paper focuses on the finding & reviewing of the issues and

challenges faced by CSR activities in India.

The concept of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) is an old concept, which existed for a long period .In

India, CSR got its legal backing by virtue of Section 135 of companies Act 2013. Section 135 of the

companies Act is from financial year 2014.

KEYWORDS: CSR, Issues, Challenges, Strategies.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility may be considered as the most long standing concept in the area and

has been used by business and the academia for more than fifty years. In 1960 Keith Davis

suggested that social responsibility refers to businesses‘ decisions and actions taken for reasons at

least partially beyond the firm‘s direct economical or technical interest. Corporate social

responsibility (CSR) refers to the problems that arise when corporate enterprise casts its shadow on

the social scene, and the ethical principles that ought to govern the relationship between the

corporation and society. In recent years, the term corporate social performance (CSP) has emerged

as an inclusive and global concept to embrace corporate social responsibility, responsiveness and

the entire spectrum of socially beneficial activities of businesses (Carroll, 2008). Society and



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business, social issues management, and corporate accountability are just some of the terms that

describe the phenomena related to corporate social responsibility in society. Corporate social

responsibility is the firm consideration of, and response to, issues beyond the narrow economic,

technical and legal requirements of the firm (Crane, et al, 2008).

In other words, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby companies integrate

social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Today, there is a growing perception among enterprises that

sustainable business success and shareholder value cannot be achieved solely through maximizing

short-term profits, but instead through market-oriented responsible behavior. Socially responsible

initiatives by entrepreneurs have a long tradition. The attempt to manage it strategically and to

develop instrument for this are the recent initiatives in CSR. Broadly speaking, CSR delineates the

relationship between business and the larger society. Hence, CSR can be defined as a concept

whereby companies voluntarily decide to respect and protect the interest of a broad range of

stakeholders and to contribute to a cleaner environment and a better society through active

interaction with all. CSR is the voluntary commitment by business to manage its role in society in a

responsible way. It is the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable development working

with employees their families, the local communities in societies at large to improve their quality of

life. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines CSR as ‗the

commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with

employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life‘.

Thus, CSR is an umbrella concept including a variety of theories and practices which recognize the

social and environmental responsibilities of corporations, as well as those companies are

responsible for the behavior of others with whom they do business (Patil & Sharma, 2009).

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA:

Corporate Social Responsibility is not a new concept in India, however, the Ministry of Corporate

Affairs, Government of India has recently notified the Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013

along with Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014 ―hereinafter CSR

Rules‖ and other notifications related thereto which makes it mandatory (with effect from 1st April,

2014) for certain companies who fulfill the criteria as mentioned under Sub Section 1 of Section

135 to comply with the provisions relevant to Corporate Social Responsibility. As mentioned by

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), CSR is generally understood as

being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social

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imperatives (―Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach‖), while at the same time addressing the expectations

of shareholders and stakeholders.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF CSR:

The role of corporations in society is clearly on the agenda. Hardly a day goes by without media

reports on corporate misbehavior and scandals or more positively on contributions from business to

wider society. Corporations have clearly started to take up the challenge. This began with the usual

suspects such as companies in the oil, chemical and tobacco industries. As a result of media

pressure, major disasters, and sometimes governmental regulation, these companies realized that

propping up oppressive regimes, being implicated in human rights violations, polluting the

environment, or misinforming and deliberately harming their customers are few examples, were

practices that had to be reconsidered if they wanted to survive in society in the present time. Even

in a country like India, companies such as Tata can pride themselves on more than a hundred years

of responsible business practices, including far-reaching benevolent activities and community

involvement (Crane, et al, 2008).

It is important for CSR strategies to become central to business strategy and part of the long-term

planning process. Stakeholders are questioning more on CSR initiatives of the companies today.

They are challenging the companies‘ decisions-making in this direction. It has become imperative

to incorporate stakeholders‘ views. In India, the CSR managers face number of challenges in

managing CSR activities. The biggest problem is of lack of budget allocations followed by lack of

support from employees and lack of knowledge as well. Lack of professionalism is another problem

faced by this sector. Small companies do not take adequate interest in CSR activities and those

which undertake them fail to disclose it to the society. In the process they lose out on people and

their trust in them. Media can come up with strong support for informing the people at large about

the CSR initiatives taken up by the companies. It can sensitize population and also make them

aware of the benefits of CSR to them. However, media is not doing enough in this regard. The

failure of the government to come up with statutory guidelines to give a definite direction to

companies taking up CSR activities, in terms of size of business and profile of CSR activities also

results into few companies practicing CSR concept adequately.

Many companies think that corporate social responsibility is a peripheral issue for their business;

and customer satisfaction is more important for them. They imagine that customer satisfaction is

now only about price and service, but they fail to point out on important changes that are taking

place worldwide that could blow the business out of the water. The change is named as social



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responsibility which is an opportunity for the business. Some of the drivers pushing business

towards CSR include:

The Shrinking Role of Government: In the past, governments have relied on legislation and

regulation to deliver social and environmental objectives in the business sector. Shrinking

government resources, coupled with a distrust of regulations, has led to the exploration of voluntary

and non-regulatory initiatives instead.

Demands for Greater Disclosure: There is a growing demand for corporate disclosure from

stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, employees, communities, investors, and activist

organizations.

Increased Customer Interest: There is evidence that the ethical conduct of companies exerts a

growing influence on the purchasing decisions of customers.

Growing Investor Pressure: Investors are changing the way they assess companies‘ performance,

and are making decisions based on criteria that include ethical concerns. The Social Investment

Forum reports that in the US in 1999, there was more than $2 trillion worth of assets invested in

portfolios that used screens linked to the environment and social responsibility.

Competitive Labour Markets: Employees are increasingly looking beyond paychecks and

benefits, and seeking out employers whose philosophies and operating practices match their own

principles. In order to hire and retain skilled employees, companies are being forced to improve

working conditions.

Supplier Relations: As stakeholders are becoming increasingly interested in business affairs, many

companies are taking steps to ensure that their partners conduct themselves in a socially responsible

manner. Some are introducing codes of conduct for their suppliers, to ensure that other companies‘

policies or practices do not tarnish their reputation.

Lack of Community Participation in CSR Activities: There is a lack of interest of the local

community in participating and contributing to CSR activities of companies. This is largely

attributable to the fact that there exists little or no knowledge about CSR within the local

communities as no serious efforts have been made to spread awareness about CSR and instill

confidence in the local communities about such initiatives. The situation is further aggravated by a

lack of communication between the company and the community at the grassroots.

Need to Build Local Capacities: There is a need for capacity building of the local non-

governmental organizations as there is serious dearth of trained and efficient organizations that can

effectively contribute to the ongoing CSR activities initiated by companies. This seriously

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compromises scaling up of CSR initiatives and subsequently limits the scope of such activities.

CSR initiatives face many challenges in India and are often seen as deterrent to even the best

intentioned plans. The most important ones are described here:

Lack of Community Participation in CSR Activities: Often, the communities who are the

intended beneficiaries of a CSR program show less interest which will affect their participation and

contribution. Also, very little efforts are being made to spread CSR within the local communities

and instill confidence in the people. The situation is further aggravated by inadequate

communication between the organization and the community at the grassroots level.

Need to Build Local Capacities: There is a need to build the capacities of the local non-

governmental organizations. Many NGOs are not adequately trained and equipped to operate

efficiently and effectively as there is serious dearth of trained and efficient organizations that can

effectively contribute to the ongoing CSR activities initiated by companies. This seriously

compromises efforts to scale CSR initiatives and consequently limits the scope and outcome of a

company‘s CSR initiatives.

Issues of Transparency: Lack of transparency is one of the key issues. There is a perception that

partner NGOs or local implementation agencies do not share adequate information and make efforts

to disclose information on their programs, address concerns, assess impacts and utilize funds. This

perceived lack of transparency has a negative impact on the process of trust building between

companies and local communities, which is a key to the success of any CSR initiative.

Lack of Consensus: There is a lack of consensus amongst local agencies regarding CSR project

needs and priorities. It results in lack of consensus which often results in duplication of activities by

corporate houses in their areas of their intervention. The consequence results in unhealthy

competitiveness spirit among local implementing agencies, which goes against the necessity to have

rather than building collaborative approaches on important issues. This factor limits organization‘s

abilities to undertake impact assessment of their initiatives from time to time.

STRATEGIES FOR CSR:

Corporate Competitiveness, as addressed by strategic management, is a subject rarely discussed in

the context of corporate social responsibility. However, unless all strands of corporate responsibility

are brought together under a common management framework, CSR and its sustainability will

remain a peripheral activity and its impact is likely to remain well below required levels to achieve

the Millennium and related goals. Corporate Governance must establish the legal framework which

will protect a company‘s stakeholders, the relative emphasis being dependent on national models.



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CSR is aimed at extending the legal requirements to promote ethical practice, philanthropy and

social reporting to satisfy stakeholder concerns. Corporate sustainability must focus on the long-

term economic and social stakeholder expectations both by optimizing their sustainability

performance and by participating in networks with governments, NGOs and other stakeholders.

Such an arrangement will significantly enhance the capacities of all stakeholders and lead to faster

and more sustainable development. Business ethics and social accountability are important bridges

between CSR and corporate governance. Investor demands, philanthropy and corporate citizenship

provide a common ground for CSR and corporate sustainability. Performance stability and fair

globalization are important aspects both in strategic management and corporate sustainability.

Competition policy and regulation affects strategic management and corporate governance; but it

also has key issue for strategic management and governance strategy. Specifically, a company must

adequately safeguard against and specifically in terms of reputation risks to its reputation. The

Parameters for CSR Initiatives are

Civil Society Strengthening, Capacity for strong performance in the community is the foundation

for lasting social benefits. Worldwide, civil society is an important social and economic force with

the potential to create a more free, fair and just global order. The collective nature of civic action

helps to ensure that the interests of all citizens including women, the poor and other marginalized

groups are adequately weighed by public institutions that make policy and allocate resources. Many

civil society organizations (CSOs) face common challenges that limit their effectiveness namely,

the ability to manage human and financial resources, weak advocacy abilities, and insufficient

management ability to scale up promising innovations and results to achieve wider impact.

The current trend of globalization has made the firms realize that in order to compete effectively in

a competitive environment they need clearly defined business practices with a sound focus on the

public interest in the markets. The increase in competition among the multinational companies to

gain first mover advantage in various developing countries by establishing goodwill relationships

with both the state and the civil society is ample testimony to this transformation. In most of the

emerging markets, the state has a duty of protecting the interests of the general public and thus

gives preference to companies which take care of the interests of all the stakeholders. Emerging

markets have been identified as a source of immense talent with the rising levels of education. For

example, the expertise of India in churning out software professionals and China in manufacturing

has now become internationally renowned. In order to draw from this vast talent pool coming up in

developing countries, companies need to gain a foothold in these markets by establishing sound

184



business practices addressing social and cultural concerns of the people. It has been observed that

consumers consider switching to another company‘s products and services, speak out against the

company to family/friends, refuse to invest in that company‘s stock, refuse to work at the company

and boycott the company‘s products and services in case of negative corporate citizenship

behaviors.

Firms all over the world are beginning to grasp the importance of intangible assets, be it brand

name or employee morale. Equity created in a company‘s reputation or brand can easily be harmed

or even lost particularly for companies whose brand equity depends on company reputation.

Reputation is built around intangibles such as trust, reliability, quality, consistency, credibility,

relationships and transparency, and tangibles such as investment in people, diversity and the

environment. Only firms that have gained the goodwill of the general public and are ideal corporate

citizens will be to develop these intangible assets into strategic advantages. CSR can be an integral

element of a firm‘s business and corporate-level differentiation strategies.

CSR is an important factor for employee motivation and in attracting and retaining top quality

employees as well. Innovation, creativity, intellectual capital and learning are helped by a positive

CSR strategy. Better risk management can be achieved by in-depth analysis of relations with

external stakeholders. Given the increase in cross border business relationships and the threat of

cross-border litigation, boards have to consider the risk management standards of business partners,

and even suppliers. CSR also helps in compliance with regulation and the avoidance of legal

sanctions, while the building of relationships with host governments, communities and other

stakeholders can enhance a company‘s reputation and credibility and be important with regard to its

future investment decisions.

Hence, Companies can set a network of activities to be taken up in a consortium to tackle major

environmental issues. It would also provide an opportunity to learn from each other. Everyone in

the organization needs to recognize their own role in promoting CSR. Companies should provide

wider professional development activities. Training, conferences and seminars could be organized

by companies to disseminate and generate new knowledge and information in this sector. A strong

budgetary support would definitely help to grow this sector and research related to respective

industry would enhance their organizations contribution further. Government regulations which are

supporting in this direction could attract more response from organizations. All this would also lead

to benchmark CSR activities. Companies need to involve their stakeholders in order to build

meaningful and long term partnerships which would lead to creating a strong image and brand



185


identity. It is also suggested to review existing policies in order to develop more meaningful visions

for the companies and broaden their contributions to reach to local communities

CONCLUSION:

To conclude, the new CSR provisions in India are not a case of government abrogating its

responsibility to the private sector. The estimated annual amount of CSR spending by corporate

judged in context of total social sector spending by the government is just around two per cent of

what listed companies would have spent after applying the criteria under Section 135. Rather, the

new CSR provisions should be looked at as an effort by the government to make the corporate

sector play a complementary role in meeting the broader society goal of encompassing

development. Under the new CSR rules, the flexibility given to the companies in choosing and

monitoring the projects is likely to promote efficiency and effectiveness in project implementation

without the CSR Rules coming into serious conflicts with the primary objective of shareholder

value maximization of companies. Social and economic incentives seem to have been well balanced

in the new CSR rules and one can hope that the corporate sector will willingly lend a helping hand

to the government in contributing to the inclusive growth of the nation.

REFERENCES:

Patil, V. T. & Sharma, S. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Rights. Delhi:

Authors Press.

Crane, A. et al (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context.

ed. New York: Routledge.

Carroll, A. (2008). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral

Management of Organizational Stakeholders. In Crane, A. et al. Corporate Social

Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context. ed. New York: Routledge.

(http://finance.bih.nic.in/Documents/CSR-Policy.pdf).

5.(http://www.wbiworldconpro.com/uploads/canadaconference2013/management/1370168444_430

-Sonam.pdf).

(file:///C:/Users/mohdsaqlein/Downloads/9788132216520-c1.pdf).

http://finance.bih.nic.in/Documents/CSR-Policy.pdf

http://www.wbiworldconpro.com/uploads/canadaconference2013/management/13

186



GLOBAL RESEARCH OUTPUT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

RESEARCH: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY

A.Muthuraj

Ph.D Research Scholar,

Dept. of Library and Information Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli.

Tamil Nadu.

G.M.Gowri Lakshmi

Ph.D Research Scholar,

Dept. of Public Administration, Govt. Arts College (Auto), Coimbatore.

Tamil Nadu.

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the publications of „Corporate Social Responsibility‟. The records are collected from

Web of Science Databases for the period of 1989–2018. A total of 2539 papers were identified in Web of

Science database. The study reveals that most of the researchers preferred to publish their research results

in articles; as such 2129 articles were published in journals. More numbers of articles were published in the

year 2016. This study also identifies the leading countries, contributors, form of the documents, language,

core journals and most productive years.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Scientometrics, Web of Science.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business approach that contributes to sustainable

development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits for all stakeholders. CSR is

generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic,

environmental and social imperatives (―Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach‖), while at the same time

addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders.


K. S. Sivakumaren, K. S. (2017) in this paper analysis the publications of Anna University

(Chennai) indexed in Web of Science. The relevant data for the study have been extracted from the

Web of Science database. A total of 9649 unique records over the year 1989-2016 have been

downloaded and analyzed under various categories. Out of 9649 records, top 25 records alone have

been considered for this study. Ms-Excel has been used to analysis the data using simple

calculations. It is found that 357(10.77%) have been contributed by Ramasamy, P and his h- index

is 35. It is also investigated that ―Journal of Crystal Growth‖ has published more number of records

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/0/



187


e.g.230 (11.87%).In 2016, 1077 (11.16%) more number of records have been published.

Ranganathan, C. (2017) found in the study deals with the Scientometric study on the publication

of ‗Green Library‘. The records are collected from Web of Science Databases for the period of

1989–2014. A total of 1983 papers were identified in Web of Science database. More numbers of

articles were published in the year 2014. The authorship trend shows that, out of total 1983

publication published, 96% of the publications were published under the joint authorship.


The data were collected from the Web of Science database on 06-02-2018. ―Corporate Social

Responsibility‖ is the search terms were used to retrieve the data from Web of Science database. A

total 2539 unique records over the year 1989-2018 have been downloaded and analyzed under

various categories. The study has considered only the top 10 publications/ results from each

category and analyzed based on total number of records indexed in the Web of Science database.

HistCite software has been used to extract the data from the database.


The following are major objectives of the study.

1. To identify the Author wise and journal wise distribution of publications

2. To find out the Year wise and Document wise distribution of publications

3. To analysis the Language wise and Country wise distribution of documents.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

5.1 Authors wise distribution of Publications

Table 5.1

Authors wise distribution of Publications

Sl. No Author Records % TLCS TGCS

1 Lindgreen A 21 0.8 149 715

2 Moon J 21 0.8 476 1893

3 Lee S 19 0.7 152 430

4 Bhattacharya CB 14 0.6 890 3477

5 Sen S 13 0.5 710 2730

6 Swaen V 13 0.5 133 612

7 Kim Y 11 0.4 97 265

8 Maon F 11 0.4 82 373

9 Garcia-Sanchez IM 10 0.4 4 159

10 Siegel DS 10 0.4 444 1656

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/au-name.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/au-pubs.html?rev=1

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/au-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/au-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/2357/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/2762/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/2254/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/380/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/3534/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/3836/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/2051/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/2557/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/1381/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/au/3623/

188



Table 5.1 indicates that author wise distribution publications. The authors ―Lindgreen A‖ and

―Moon J‖ published highest number of articles for the study period with 21 records. Bhattacharya

CB has highest Global Citation Scores of 3477 with just 14 publications followed by Sen S having

Global Citation Score of 2730 with just 13 publications.

5.2 Journal wise distribution of Publications

Table 5.2

Journal wise distribution of Publications

Sl. No Journal Records % TLCS TGCS

1 Journal of Business Ethics 367 14.5 3702 15909

2 Corporate Social Responsibility and

Environmental Management

78 3.1 493 1848

3 Journal of Cleaner Production 57 2.2 177 1155

4 Social Responsibility Journal 48 1.9 10 35

5 Business Ethics-A European Review 43 1.7 170 794

6 Sustainability 34 1.3 13 81

7 Public Relations Review 33 1.3 109 485

8 Business & Society 32 1.3 113 476

9 Journal of Business Research 28 1.1 130 1001

10 Business Ethics Quarterly 25 1.0 143 678

Table 5.2 indicates that the total research output of the Corporate Social Responsibility for the study

period (1989 – 2018) published in 800 journals. The journal ―JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS‖

topped with 367 publications with the Global Citation Score of 2218; next ―CORPORATE

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT‖ has 78 publications

with the Global Citation Score of 1848 respectively.

5.3 Year wise distribution of Publications

Table 5.3

Year wise distribution of Publications

Sl. No Publication

Year Records % TLCS TGCS

1 1989 2 0.1 1 1

2 1990 4 0.2 27 125

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/so-name.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/so-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/so-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/414/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/160/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/418/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/734/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/101/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/761/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/653/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/98/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/416/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/so/100/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/py-name.html?rev=1

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/py-name.html?rev=1

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/py-pubs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/py-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/py-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/0/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/1/



189


3 1991 3 0.1 19 138

4 1992 1 0.0 73 556

5 1993 3 0.1 14 145

6 1994 1 0.0 9 49

7 1995 2 0.1 1 41

8 1996 4 0.2 131 594

9 1997 4 0.2 51 202

10 1998 1 0.0 3 50

11 1999 6 0.2 14 52

12 2000 6 0.2 295 1130

13 2001 15 0.6 957 3920

14 2002 9 0.4 202 898

15 2003 12 0.5 273 1232

16 2004 27 1.1 787 3392

17 2005 36 1.4 450 2422

18 2006 46 1.8 1379 6235

19 2007 72 2.8 1454 6159

20 2008 103 4.1 1406 6310

21 2009 139 5.5 1350 5993

22 2010 153 6.0 1306 5706

23 2011 167 6.6 1017 4523

24 2012 172 6.8 1011 4260

25 2013 197 7.8 760 3088

26 2014 187 7.4 495 2071

27 2015 342 13.5 346 1638

28 2016 423 16.7 171 901

29 2017 392 15.5 51 197

30 2018 7 0.3 3 8

Table 5.3 shows that year wise distribution of publications. The highest publication is 423 in 2016

with 1638 Global Citation Scores and its followed by 392 papers in 2017 with 197 Global Citation

Scores. The lowest publication is 1 in 1994 with 49 Global Citation Scores.

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/2/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/3/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/4/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/5/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/6/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/7/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/8/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/9/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/10/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/11/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/12/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/13/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/14/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/15/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/16/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/17/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/18/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/19/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/20/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/21/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/22/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/23/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/24/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/25/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/26/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/27/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/28/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/29/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/28/

190



5.4 Document wise distribution of Publications

Table 5.4

Document wise distribution of Publications

Sl. No Document Type Records % TLCS TGCS

1 Article 2129 84.0 10889 48095

2 Book Review 112 4.4 6 26

3 Editorial Material 88 3.5 478 2052

4 Review 88 3.5 1409 6073

5 Article; Proceedings Paper 59 2.3 1209 5464

6 Meeting Abstract 24 0.9 2 5

7 Correction 12 0.5 0 0

8 Letter 10 0.4 0 1

9 News Item 8 0.3 2 19

10 Article; Book Chapter 3 0.1 40 97

11 Review; Book Chapter 2 0.1 12 161

12 Review; Retracted

Publication

1 0.0 9 43

Table 5.4 indicates that Document wise distribution of research output in Corporate Social

Responsibility. This study has observed a total of 2539 publications in Corporate Social

Responsibility during the period of Thirty years from 1989 to 2018. Out of various sources of

publications in Corporate Social Responsibility, journal articles that appeared in the articles have

shown a predominant contribution of 2129 publications with 48095 Global citation score and its

followed by Book Review contribution of 112 publications with 26 Global citation score.

5.5 Language wise distribution of publications

Table 5.5

Language wise distribution of publications

Sl. No Language Records % TLCS TGCS

1 English 2429 95.8 14050 61940

2 Spanish 72 2.8 4 78

3 Portuguese 11 0.4 0 9

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/dt-name.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/dt-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/dt-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/0/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/3/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/5/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/9/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/2/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/7/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/4/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/6/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/8/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/1/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/10/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/11/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/dt/0/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/la-name.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/la-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/la-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/3/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/9/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/7/



191


4 French 8 0.3 1 4

5 Russian 4 0.2 0 0

6 Czech 3 0.1 0 1

7 Polish 3 0.1 1 4

8 Croatian 2 0.1 0 0

9 Turkish 2 0.1 0 0

10 Catalan 1 0.0 0 0

11 Hungarian 1 0.0 0 0

Table 5.5 shows that the language wise distribution of the publications is only share in the 11

languages. Among this the language ―English‖ with 2429 records with 61940 TGCS scores. The

next language follows as ―Spanish‖ with 72 records and TGCS 78 scores.

5.6 Country wise distribution publications

Table 5.6

Country wise distribution publications

Sl. No Country Records % TLCS TGCS

1 USA 635 25.0 6371 26593

2 UK 373 14.7 2874 13017

3 Spain 213 8.4 662 3429

4 Peoples R China 198 7.8 648 2340

5 Australia 159 6.3 485 2097

6 Unknown 155 6.1 1354 6768

7 Canada 147 5.8 1151 4919

8 South Korea 98 3.9 390 1432

9 Netherlands 93 3.7 283 1653

10 Taiwan 90 3.5 268 1056

Table 5.6 indicates that the records of corporate social responsibility research publication output

worldwide. USA placed in the first position with 635 publications (TGCS 26593) and its followed

by UK is the second most producing country with 373 records (TGCS13017).

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/4/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/8/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/2/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/6/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/1/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/10/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/0/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/la/5/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/co-name.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/co-pubs.html?rev=1

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/co-lcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/list/co-gcs.html

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/87/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/83/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/72/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/57/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/2/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/85/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/10/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/71/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/52/

http://127.0.0.1:1925/co/76/

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6. Findings and Conclusion

The Scientometric study on the Corporate Social Responsibility research over a period of thirty

years, 1989-2018 was done to find out different publication patterns in the field. The study was

conducted on the data collected from Web of Science database. The main objective of the present

study was to know the leading countries, contributors, form of the documents, language, core

journals and most productive years in the subject of ―Corporate Social Responsibility‖.

The authors ―Lindgreen A‖ and ―Moon J‖ published highest number of articles for the study

period with 21 records.

The journal of ―JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS‖ topped with 367 publications with the

Global Citation Score of 2218.

The highest publication is 423 in 2016 with 1638 Global Citation Scores and its followed by

392 papers in 2017 with 197 Global Citation Scores.

References

1. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2018, from https://www.webofknowledge.com/

2. Daud , K., & NidaNafees. (n.d.). Mapping of Stress Management Research: A Scientometric

Analysis of Research Output during 2007-2013. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Khan.pdf

3. Dhanya, P, & Raja, S. (n.d.). Aerosols and Soot Research Publication Output on Global

Perspective: A Scientometric Study. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from http://jalis.in/pdf/6-

3/Dhanya.pdf

4. Lexicon. (n.d.). Retrieved February 06, 2018, from

http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--%28CSR%29

5. Ranganathan, C. (n.d.). Growth and Development of Research Productivity on Green

Library at Global Level: A Scientometric Analysis. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Ranganathan.pdf

6. Sivakumaren, K. S. (n.d.). Publications of Anna University (Chennai) in Web of Science

Database: Scientometric and Citation Analysis Approach. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Siva.pdf

7. What is CSR? (n.d.). Retrieved February 06, 2018, from https://www.unido.org/our-

focus/advancing-economic-competitiveness/competitive-trade-capacities-and-corporate-

responsibility/corporate-social-responsibility-market-integration/what-csr

http://127.0.0.1:1925/py/28/

https://www.webofknowledge.com/

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Khan.pdf

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Dhanya.pdf

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Dhanya.pdf

http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--%28CSR%29

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Ranganathan.pdf

http://jalis.in/pdf/6-3/Siva.pdf



193


MOBILE HEALTHCARE UNITS (MHUS) OF HELPAGE INDIA:

A BEST CSR PRACTICE.

(With Special Reference To Patancheru Mandal Of Sangareddy District, Telangana State)

Rajesh Kumar.M.D.

Research Scholar, Department of Social Work,

Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State

Mail ID: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Human resource is considered as an asset for a country. It plays an important role in economic

development and growth. Greater the proportion of young persons in the population of a country,

larger is the workforce, and, thus, more is the economic potential. India, in this sense, has got an

advantage at present and is considered as a leading nation in the world in terms of human power.

The huge young population is considered as its strength and it enhances its potential for faster

growth. The increasing number of older persons put a strain on health care and social care systems

in the country.

Population ageing is a global phenomenon. The elder persons in the society face a number of

problems due to absence of assured and sufficient income to support themselves for their healthcare

and other social securities. Loss of a social role and recognition, and non-availability of

opportunities for creative and effective use of free time are also becoming a matter of great concern

for elderly persons. The trend clearly reveals that ageing will emerge as major social challenge in

the future; and vast resources will be required towards the support, service, care and treatment of

the elderly persons.

According to Population Census 2011 there are nearly 104 million elderly persons (aged 60 years or

above) in India; 53 million females and 51 million males. In rural areas, 66% of elderly men and

28% of elderly women were working, while in urban areas only 46% of elderly men and about 11%

of elderly women were working. As per a research most common disability among the aged persons

was loco-motor disability and visual disability as per Census 2011.

Very old people, due to their reduced mobility and debilitating disabilities, need other people to do

things for them. With the increasing trend of nuclear families in the society and with fewer children


194



in the family, the care of older persons in the families gets increasingly difficult. To fulfill caring

needs of aged persons more and more nursing people with appropriate skills are required.

HelpAge India – A Brief Introduction

HelpAge India is a leading registered national level NGO, established in 1978, with a mission ―to

work for the cause and care of disadvantaged aged persons and to improve their quality of life‖, it is a

secular, not – for – profit organization registered under the societies Registration Act of1860. Set up in

1978, the organization works to protect the rights of India‘s elderly and provide relief to them through

various interventions and endeavors to make significant changes in the lives of the disadvantaged

older persons, so as to enable those live better and healthier lives.

HelpAge India runs a gamut of programmes that impact millions of lives of needy senior citizens

every year. Elderly population growing every year with increasing longevity in India, reaching out to

more and more in an urgent need. Reason why, every rupee received in donation counts in reaching

out to the needy.

OBJECTIVES OF HELPAGE INDIA

To strive for the welfare of the aged in India, especially the elderly in need.

To create social awareness in the younger generation and in the society about the problems of

the elderly in India today.

To raise funds for projects which assist the elderly irrespective of caste or creed.

PROGRAMMES OF HELPAGE INDIA

The programmes of HelpAge India can be divided into two categories –

Welfare and Development

Rights and Entitlements Programs

WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT

MOBILE HEALTHCARE UNITS (MHUS)

This programme provides over 1 million treatments through its 81 MMu vans covering 840 locations

across India. This programme has been recognized as Asia‘s largest Mobile Healthcare Programme for

the elderly.

AGE CARE / PHYSIOTHERAPY

Elderly are usually impacted by the onset of arthritis and other related disease; this affects their ability

to work and therefore earn their living. HelpAge India supports over 16,000 elders in physiocare

centers across 22 states.



195


EYE CARE / CATARACT SURGERIES

Cataract is one the major causes of blindness in India. 12 million elders are blind & cannot afford

treatment. HelpAge conducts more than 45,000 cataract eye surgeries in 21 states. Credible and

competent eye hospitals and organizations carry out surgeries with HelpAge India‘s support. All

surgeries under the program are performed only in base hospitals and not in make-shift camps.

Since 1980, this program has benefitted more than 9 lakh elders, not just restoring their sight but

enabling them to go back to work and live a life of dignity.

CANCER TREATMENT

Cancer treatment in our country is highly priced and majority of elders are not covered by any form

of medical insurance. Therefore the biggest challenge has been to provide sustained healthcare

intervention for needy elderly cancer patients. HelpAge India provides palliative care to end-stage

cancer patients in partnership with a number of credible and competent cancer hospitals and

organizations. These partners also conduct cancer awareness and cancer detection camps. Thus,

from cancer detection and treatment, our partners have been able to deliver quality cancer care for

elders in need of such intervention, including home visits post cancer treatment along with

counselling for the patient and family. Over 99,000 treatments have been supported since 1998.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Natural calamities reveal that in the struggle for survival, the elderly are usually the last in the line

and lost in the crowd, and therefore suffer the most.

HelpAge India started its disaster intervention programs in the year 1980. The first of its kind

among voluntary organizations, the HelpAge India unit was trained and equipped to bring swift and

effective counter measures in the face of disasters.

Today, HelpAge India‘s disaster response model is equipped to rush in quickly to reach out not

only to the elderly but also to the community at large, providing relief with food, clothing and

shelter to establishing long-lasting rehabilitation programs. Which is why, HelpAge India could

immediately respond to disasters such as the earthquakes in Gujarat and J&K, floods in Assam,

Uttar Pradesh Bihar and Odisha, cloudbursts in Leh and Uttarakhand, Tsunami in Tamil Nadu etc.

A testimony to long-lasting rehabilitation is the Tamaraikulam Elders Village constructed for the

Tsunami victims made possible through the generous donations from viewers of NDTV. Situated in

Cuddalore (TN), about 20 km from Puducherry, this model age-care facility provides free stay

facility for rural poor with a capacity for 100 persons and provides livelihood opportunities to its

residents and elders nearby.

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LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT

HelpAge mobilizes elders through the formation of Elder-Self-Help-Groups (ESHGs) that are

centered on sustainable methods of income generation. These ESHGs are then federated into higher

level community institutions so that they gain additional robustness. This model of HelpAge India

has been adopted by the Ministry of Rural Development. HelpAge supports 5400 Elder-Self-Help-

Groups consisting of 71,272 senior citizens across 17 states, helping elders regain their dignity.

SUPPORT A GRAN

Under Sustainable Livelihood Support, 180 Elder Self Help Groups from Unorganized sectors have

been formed in Urban, Rural and Tribal areas. This elder groups save money and rotate it as internal

lending at minimum interests which makes them financially sustainable, also the group bonding unites

them on socio economic front to help themselves and other needy elders in their own community.

ELDER HELPLINES

HelpAge runs a Toll-free Elder Helpline across 22 state capitals in India offering assistance to

elders in need. The services offered are – rescue of abandoned elders, counseling of those in

distress, legal support, information related to services available etc. The Helpline links elders to

various institutions such as old age homes, hospitals, police, government and non-governmental

organizations. In keeping with today‘s technology and the world of mobile applications, recently

HelpAge launched the ‗HelpAge SOS‘ App for mobile phones. ‗SOS‘ stands for Save Our Seniors.

The App has three core features:

The primary and first use of the App is to provide a one-click emergency service to senior

citizens in need: In cases such as abuse, accident and rescue.

The second is an information kit consisting of information on: Rights & Entitlements,

Health, Financial Planning, Will & Legacies, Active Ageing and how to tackle Elder Abuse.

The third feature provides real time GPS enabled information on retail outlets that provide

discounts to senior citizens who are members of the HelpAge AdvantAge Card.

Old age homes & day care centers.

A roof over their heads is the critical need of the destitute, the sick and abandoned, elders uprooted by

disasters and emergencies. This basic care is provided by HelpAge India supporting over 60 old age

homes across the country every year.

RIGHTS AND ENTITLEMENTS PROGRAMS

Impacting elder Policies

HelpAge India works for the inclusion of concerns and rights of senior citizens in the policies of the



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government. To this end, it works with civil society, the judiciary, legislators and the government

both at the Centre and in the various states. In this, HelpAge India also harnesses the power of over

1000 Senior Citizens‘ Association with which it is in close touch.

The promulgation of The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 and

the Draft – National Policy for Senior Citizens, 2011 are recent successes in the Elder Rights area

where the contribution of HelpAge India has been highly significant.

Each year HelpAge conducts a research on Elder Abuse in India, the growing menace of this

heinous crime and HelpAge‘s efforts to create awareness at various levels whether it be civil

society, media or at the governmental level both Centre & State, have helped in the process of the

formulation of The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, a much

needed tool to empower elders against abuse.

Most elders are unaware or unable to access Pension that is their due, HelpAge works hard at

creating awareness and liaising with local authorities in states through its various state offices and

helps such elders register themselves for acquiring their Pensions and advocating for elder rights. It

is currently, actively participating in the Pension Parishad movement to secure universal old age

pensions.

Empowering Elder Lives – Advantage program

The AdvantAge Program aims to empower senior citizens in living active and healthy lives. It gives

elders two powerful tools to achieve this: the AdvantAge Card & the AdvantAge Active Ageing

Group.

The AdvantAge Card – this benefit card offers discounts from Retail Associates on various

products, services and facilities ranging from health and wellness to holiday homes. It helps the

card holder to stretch household budgets, especially of those elder citizens living on limited or fixed

incomes. Currently there are 1.72 lac members from over 400 towns in 23 states being offered

discounts by more than 7000 retail outlets across India.

AdvantAge Active Ageing Groups – with the aim to ensure that the senior citizens remain active

& healthy during their later years, HelpAge India encourages them to form Active Ageing groups.

These elder groups engage in various activities which help both them and the community, such as:

by managing physiotherapy clinics & homeopathic services, providing different counseling services

in areas such as financial, legal & medical, career counseling for youth, tuitions for destitute &

disadvantaged children and the under-privileged in the community, engage in yoga classes &

sporting activities. HelpAge also provides them with opportunities to take up activities which can

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance_and_Welfare_of_Parents_and_Senior_Citizens_Act,_2007

http://socialjustice.nic.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/dnpsc.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance_and_Welfare_of_Parents_and_Senior_Citizens_Act,_2007

https://www.helpageindia.org/advocacy/advantage-benefit-cards-for-elders.html

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help them earn some money, by conducting workshops on developing skill sets such as candle-

making, bangle-making, fabric painting etc. these products are then further sold in the local market

and community. The net outcome of forming these Active Ageing groups is that it empowers elders

they perceive themselves as useful contributors to society, regain their independence & dignity.

Many Senior Citizens Associations have helped form such Active Ageing groups and meet

regularly keeping them mentally & physically engaged. For more details log on

to: www.helpageadvantage.org

WORKING WITH SENIOR CITIZENS ASSOCIATIONS

HelpAge is working with more than 1000 Senior Citizen Associations (SCAs) across India with

over 12 lakh members. These elders are encouraged to become a unified voice raising elder

concerns. HelpAge arranges awareness sessions on important issues like: old age pensions, reverse

mortgage, financial planning, wills & legacies, and of late concentrating on digital literacy training

sessions.

Digital Literacy for Elders: The pace of change in technology makes it difficult for most to keep up.

More so with the elders who find it almost impossible to keep up with the latest gadgets, mobile

applications, new smart phones, tablets etc. This handicap excludes elders from the main stream

social fabric. To tackle this, HelpAge has started a ‗Digital Literacy‘ program introducing elders to

the online world by conducting workshops across the country. Partner institutions, organizations,

volunteers and interns are encouraged to conduct basic tutorials for elders, using the HelpAge

Handbook for senior citizens – Computers and Smart Phones learning made easy.

SAVE – Student Action for Value Education

SAVE is the School Action for Value Education program, with three core tenets: Inculcating values

of care & respect for the elderly in school going children, preparing today‘s children & youth for

their old age and creating an age friendly society. Talks on Value education are given during school

assemblies and various activities and campaigns are created to encourage students to understand

elder view points and life after 60.

Many adults today have fond memories of having participated in this school program as children

and doing their bit for society. The school value education program is now carried forward to the

young college going and working adult through the HUG program, HUG stands for Help Unite

Generations, aiming to creating empathy among young adults towards the older generation.

I Pledge - To honour every day, those who are aged

To express in words, actions and deeds, our gratitude towards our elders our parents &

http://www.helpageadvantage.org/

http://helpageadvantage.org/Pension-Schemes.html

http://www.helpageadvantage.org/Reverse-Mortgage.html



http://www.helpageadvantage.org/How-to-prepare-your-Will.html



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grandparents

To do my duty for those who fulfilled theirs,

To love, respect and care for the elderly in my family and community.

MOBILE HEALTHCARE UNITS (MHUS)

Help Age‘s Mobile Healthcare program seeks to provide sustainable healthcare solutions to

destitute elders and their community where these are none available through its Mobile Healthcare

Units (MHUs). Each MHU has a doctor, pharmacist and a social worker. These MHUs go into the

interiors of urban slums and villages, bringing healthcare virtually at the doorsteps of these destitute

elders. For most elders it saves them from the long lines at hospitals which are also situated far

from their communities and they get free medication on a monthly basis. Their Individual patient

card keeps a record of their treatment and helps monitor their progress.

These MHUs often conduct specialized health camps on various diseases and free health check-ups

are conducted. The MHUs have also become awareness generating sites, with the social worker

empowering the disadvantaged elder with information on various diseases, along with educating

them on the various preventive measures that can be taken to prevent the onset of any deadly

disease. HelpAge‘s MHU service has been recognized as Asia‘s largest mobile healthcare network

for elders. Currently, 144 MHUs are servicing 1920 community locations, spread over 24 states,

and have already provided 23.25 lakh treatments.

Patancheru is one of the Industrial Belt located in Sangareddy District of Telangana State which is

located 32KMs from the Hyderabad City and has huge labour work force settling down in the said

target areas which has resulted in environmental degradation in the form of water and air

contamination. The MHU services in Patancheru Mandal were initiated in 2004 and 600 elderly are

benefitting from MHU services in Patancheru Mandal.

IMPACT CASE STUDIES

Impact Case Study – 1: Reaching the Unreached

Mrs. Nagamma.K, 80Yrs old residing in Indrakaran was bed ridden due to chronic sickness and

dehydration.

As part of Shadow Camps the MHU team has visited the house of the said beneficiary and provided

treatment, also the family was oriented on the food diet and personal hygiene to be taken care while

handling bed ridden elder.

The said elder got recovered due to regular team follow ups and as part of Disability Distribution

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Program of Asian Paints a ―Walker‖ was provided to her because of which at present she is able to

attend to her daily routine without anyone‘s support.

Impact Case Study – 2: Provision of Disability aid

Mr. Lingaiah, 80 Yrs old was suffering with gait disorder because of which he had less socialization

and was also unable to attend to his daily routine.

He was very much depressed and felt lonely because of his in ability to socialize and take care of

himself independently.

The project team with the help of other elders has identified his problem and was provided with a

disability aid and also was enrolled for availing health services under the project. At present Mr.

Lingaiah is independently accessing Health Care Services supported by Asian Paints. He is also

attending Social Gatherings which has greatly impacted on improved Mental and Physical Health.

Impact Case Study – 3: Free Cataract Operations

Mrs.Yadamma, 65Yrs old residing in Sultanpur is suffering from cataract problem because of

which she was unable to attend to any daily routine independently and her husband who is 70 years

was also dependant on her which worsened their family condition.

Children kept them away and thus this couple was leading a miserable life with little support from

near and dear. Mrs.Yadamma underwent free cataract operation supported by Asian Paints as part

of celebrating 75 years of Diamond Jubilee Celebrations. Mrs. Yadamma at present is working in a

floor Mill and earning her living to sustain their couple and she proudly says that this project has

made her life colorful and happy.

CONCLUSION

To face the challenges of ageing population, the country needs to be well prepared. Appropriate

social and economic policies need to be made to mitigate its ill effects. Social policy development

for the elderly needs to be critically examined for society to adapt to ageing as well as for older

population to adapt to a changing society, suitable redistributive policies is required. New priorities

must be added to the scarce resources for social programs for elderly, while still having to deal with

the problems of the younger populations. Women issues also are of paramount importance in

considering social policies for elderly population. Due to better life expectancy women live longer

than men. Exacerbated risks for women across the life course make them more vulnerable in old

age. Appropriate care and support for them is a priority. The voluntary organizations activities like

HelpAge should be promoted and more such initiatives are encouraged.



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References

Elderly in India – Profile and the Programmes 2016; Government of India; Ministry of Statistics

and Programme Implementation; Central Statistics Office retrieved from www.mospi.ac.in

http://www.mospi.ac.in/

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Ms. Pratibha B Pagar

Research Scholar

Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility is one of the most discussed concept now a days in the business all over the

world. Business organizations are the integral part of the society. These organizations are doing activities

for the development of the community. The corporations are planning for the development activities.

Participation of community in these Corporate Social Responsibility programs is considered to be a right of

the community and a need. Participation is understood as the involvement of people in situations or actions

which enhance their well-being. Community participation is a dynamic process in which all members of the

community contribute to the attainment of objectives, share benefits, exchange information and experience

common interest, follow the rules, regulations and other decisions made by the community. In India it is

observed that participation of the community in development programs is low. The people from the

community in India shows low participation in development activities is due to lack of communication from

the side of the corporate organization, lack of need assessment of the community, lack of training, lack of

knowledge about CSR activities. The corporate organizations should have to tackle these issues and

challenges properly for the successful implementation of the CSR activities and programs. To overcome

these issues and challenges the corporate should take extensive actions which may include the use expertise

from the field of social work, use of methods of social work of community organization, meetings with the

community leaders and members etc. This paper is an attempt to understand the concept of corporate social

responsibility, community participation, need and importance of community participation in CSR programs,

and issues and challenges in community participation in CSR in India. The paper has been prepared by

reviewing material from secondary sources.

Key Words : Corporate Social Responsibility, community participation, people participation.

INTRODUCTION

―If you want to build a million-dollar enterprise, one can take all the shortcuts; but if you are keen

on building a billion-dollar enterprise, there is no other way than to run your business rightly.

Honesty has to be accepted as an axiom, which is the only way to do business. It gives you the

mental and moral strength and ability to do it the right way.‖ N.R. Narayana Murthy

The concept of corporate social responsibility has gained importance from all avenues. The present

community marketing concept of companies is constantly evolving and has given rise to a new



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concept-Corporate Social Responsibility. Many of the leading corporations across the world had

realized the importance of being linked with socially relevant causes as a means of promoting their

brands. It stems from the desire to do well and get self-satisfaction in return as well as societal

commitment of business. As an engine for social development, CSR helps companies live up to

their responsibilities as global citizens and local neighbors in a fast-changing world.

People‘s participation is a known concept in India. The concept has emerged long ago from the

vision and action of Mahatma Gandhi and many more social reformers. People from the community

are very important source for the planning and implementation of various development activities. In

CSR activities the participation of community is important to get support from the local

community. Community participation generates the commitment in the implementation of the CSR

programs, also enhances people‘s ability to take responsibility and ability to solve their own

problems (Tyagi 1998).

There are various issues and challenges in the community participation in Indian scenario. People

from the community, urban or rural does not have faith in the activities of the companies. Many

times because of lack of knowledge about CSR people won‘t participate. Again the communication

gap from the side of the corporate organizations also decreases the people participation.

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the concept of corporate social responsibility.

2. To study the concept of Community participation.

3. To explore the need and importance of community participation in CSR.

4. To study the issues and challenges in community participation in CSR programs.

5. To suggest measures to enhance the participation of the community in CSR.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology for the preparation of the paper is review of secondary sources including articles

from journals, magazines, newspaper, and internet.


The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines CSR as "The

continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development

while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as well as of the local

community and society at large‖.

According to the Indian Corporate, CSR implies supporting issues related to children, women and

environment. It has become progressively projected in the Indian corporate setting because

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organizations have recognized that besides growing their businesses, it is also important to shape

responsible and supportable relationships with the community at large.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Community participation is ―a process by which people are enabled to become actively and

genuinely involved in defining the issues of concern to them, in making decisions about factors that

affect their lives, in formulating and implementing policies, in planning, developing and delivering

services and in taking action to achieve change‖ (Doherty, 2002).

―Participation in development process implies stimulating individuals to take the initiative and

mobilizing people to work for overall societal development‖ ( Moulik , 1978).

According to Verhagen (1980), ―participation is generally presented as the active involvement of

target groups in the planning, implementation and control programs and projects and not merely

their passive acquiescence in performing predetermined tasks, not merely their exploitation in order

to reduce the labor cost. Participation guarantees that the beneficiaries‘ own interests are taken into

account. This enhances the chances that the programs and projects will prove effective in meeting

felt development needs and that participants share equitably in all benefits‖.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CSR

The White Paper emphasizes the importance of local participation in decision-making as one of the

indicators of sustainable human settlements (SA, 1994:17).

Community participation will priorities opportunities at local level and will enable the broader

contribution of skills, labor, creativity and financial and other resources.Community participation

minimizes public ignorance. Community participation ensures democratic process down to grass-

roots level. Community participation provide the opportunity for skill transfer to take place. It also

empowers communities and individual beneficiaries, through skills transfer and economic

development. Community participation has the potential for negative outcomes... disillusionment,

conflict and fragmentation. Community participation is essential for sustainable development.

Where stakeholders are involved in decision making at all stages of a project cycle, development

problems and needs will be better understood.

Community participation calls for clear commitment and involvement of all members of a

community in order to ensure success of various joint activities in CSR.

Bringing the community together to work on an issue that affects their everyday life, particularly in

relation to the environment, is the first step in a continuous process of awareness building and

behavioral change. Community participation pools resources and diverse skills and working



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strategies from within the community, creating pride and ownership of a program or project.

Community participation will ensure that checking and corrective action through

monitoring/evaluation can be done by and for the community itself.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CSR

1. The Socio-cultural, political and economic environments within a community affects the

degree of participation.

2. In India it is observed that communities are entrenched in caste, class and gender hierarchies

which limit the participation of women and weaker sections.

3. Poverty is one of the major issue which restricts people from participating in CSR programs.

4. The conflicting situation between community‘s expectations and the objectives of the

corporate organization.

5. The structural, economic and social constraints may limit the extent and capacity of

communities to participate.

6. Lack of trust among the people from community and the corporate organization.

7. Lack of knowledge and awareness about corporate social responsibility in the community.

8. Lack of need assessment by the corporate about the community.

9. Lack of expertise on the part of the corporate for work in communities.

10. Communication gap between the corporate and the community about the programs and CSR

activities.

11. Lack of training to the community about the technical issues involved in CSR programs.

12. Lack of transparency in the activities of the local authorities prohibits them to participate in

the CSR activities.

13. The difference in education levels between people in urban and rural areas has shown that

public participation is necessary in a more in-depth manner in rural areas (CSIR, 2002:63).

RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

1. Map community priorities and identify community leaders through community assessments.

2. Hold preliminary meetings with community leaders and enlist their support to mobilize

community participation.

3. Communities have firstly to be fully educated about newly planned developments and

changes in government policy with sufficient and in depth information.

4. Communities need to be made aware of these programs and need to be educated.

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5. To create awareness about CSR amongst the community to make CSR initiatives more

effective.

6. Bottom-up approach in planning should be implemented to increase community

participation in CSR.

7. The level and type of community participation needs to be clearly defined in both policy and

program planning.

8. Empowering communities should become a key outcome of the development programs.

(Morris, 2005:7).

9. Corporate houses and NGOs should actively involve in getting community participation.

10. CSIR (2002:34) states that community participation should also extend to persons with

disabilities to ensure adequate planning and needs of entire communities.

11. Capacity building activities or trainings for the community members‘ especially weaker

sections helps to increase community participation.

12. Corporate should take extensive actions which may include the use expertise from the field

of social work, use of methods of social work of community organization, meetings with the

community leaders and members etc.

CONCLUSION

The concept of corporate social responsibility is now definitely rooted on the global business

agenda. In order to be in motion from theory to actual action, many obstacles must to be overcome.

Community participation is one of the pre-requisites in development programs. Generally, people

from community are ready and willing to participate, but mostly the attitude and actions of the

agency concerned create issues. Treating people with respect, listening to them and learning from

them go a long way toward building a successful program, this will save time, and resources in long

run and contribute in program sustainability. Community participation can contribute greatly to the

effectiveness and efficiency of the program.

CSR as a business imperative must not be accepted unwillingly or half-heartedly. Instead, it must

be practiced with full strength and straight from the heart passion and this certainly helps the

companies‘ in the long run meaningful impact on society and its future is bright in coming years.

‗After all, business is by the people, for the people and of the people.‘

References

Claridge, T., 2004. Designing social capital sensitive participation methodologies. Report, Social

Capital Research, Brisbane, Australia.



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Community Participation, https://www.hsmdghs-bd.org/communigty_participation.htm

CalistusLuhomboAdema, Kevin OgonjiMuluka, Evans BiraoriOteki (2016), Community Participation in

Corporate Social Responsibility Projects: The Case of Mumias Sugar Company, Kenya, IOSR

Journal of Business and Management, Vol 18, issue 8

Community Involvement, SMARTE.org, August 2010

Designing for Community Participation in Procurement and Disbursement,

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFINDINGS/685507-

161268713892/21098588/find36.htm

M.Ignatius, Dr.R.Mangaleswaran (2013), Effective Community Participation InCsr Practices And

Companies Bill -2012, IJAIR, Vol 2, Issue 7

PatilBalvant (2016), Participatory Approach in Watershed Planning and Management, South Asian

Journal of Participative Development, Vol XVI , Issue 1

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Abhinav International Monthly Refreed Journal of Research in Management and Technology, Vol 5,

Issue 5

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Journal of Research – Granthalayah A Knowledge Repository,Vol 4, Issue 5

Sabharwal D., NarulaS. (2015),Corporate Social Responsibility in India - Introspection, J Mass

Communication and Journalism

Saxena, Neha (2016), Corporate Social Responsibility : Issues and Challenges, IJRSI, Vol III, Issue IA

Yasmin Begum R. Nadaf,Shamshuddin M. Nadaf (2014), Corporate Social Responsibility : Issues

Challenges and Strategies for Indian Firms, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Vol 16

Issue 5

The Importance of Community Participation,

http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/9517/Lategan_LG_Chapter_9.pdf?sequence=10

Environmental Management and Community Participation, Enhancing Local Programmes, United

Nations Environment Programme , Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

https://www.hsmdghs-bd.org/communigty_participation.htm

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFINDINGS/685507-

http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/9517/Lategan_LG_Chapter_9.pdf?sequence=10

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ROLE OF CSR IN EMPOWERING WOMEN

Chintha Ravi

Research Scholar, Dept. of Social Work

Osmania University, Hyderabad – T.S.

Mail.ID: [email protected]

STATUS OF WOMEN IN OUR SOCIETY

Since the ancient period women are treated as subordinate to men.Our Hindu texts have fully

described the position of women in the society.Manu has been explained the status of

women:―Duteous girl obeys her father; husband sways the duteous wife,Son controls the windowed

mother, never free a women‘s life.

According India‘sconstitution, women are legal citizens of the country and have equal rights with

men. Because of lack of acceptance from the male dominant society, Indian women suffer

immensely.Women are also responsible for baring the children, yet they are malnourished and in

poor health. Women are also overworked in the field and complete the all of the domestic work.

MostIndian women are uneducated. Although the country‘s constitution says women have equal

status to men, women are powerless and are considered as second grade citizens, inside and outside

the home. Thestatus of women day by day is improved. Government and NGO‘s are working forthe

development of womenbut still women are far away from all-rounddevelopment.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

The term empowerment originates from American community psychology and is associated with

the social scientist Julian Rappaport (1981). However, the roots of empowerment theory extend

further into history and are linked to Marxist sociological theory.The empowerment refers to

measures designed to increase the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in

communities in order to enable them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined

way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident,

especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights .Empowerment as action refers both to

the process of self-empowerment and to professional support of people, which enables them to

overcome their sense of powerlessness and lack of influence, and to recognize and use their

resources.




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The topic on ―Women Empowerment‖ is a burning issue all over the world. ―Women

empowerment‖ and ―women quality with men‖ is a universal issue. Empowerment of women may

also mean equal status to the women, opportunity and freedom to develop her. Empowering women

socio- economically through increased awareness of their rights and duties as well as access to

resources is a decisive step towards greater security for them.

Mikhail Gorbachowsaid, ―the status of women is a barometer of the democracy of any state, an

indicator of how human rights and respected in it.

Women empowerment refers to increasing and improving the social, economic, political and legal

strength of the women, to ensure equal-right to women, and to make them confident enough to

claim their rights, such as

Freely live their life with a sense of self-worth, respect and dignity,

Have complete control of their life, both within and outside of their home and workplace,

To make their own choices and decisions,

Have equal rights to participate in social, religious and public activities,

Have equal social status in the society,

Determine financial and economic choices,

Get equal opportunity for education,

Get equal employment opportunity without any gender bias,

Get safe and comfortable working environment.

NEED OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

―It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the conditions of women are

improved.It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.‖- SwamiVivekananda

In India, forcenturies, women have been pushed aside from the race of development in the nature

customs, traditions and religion. As a result they have been denied the opportunities for their social,

economic and political development leading to a lower status in the society. As women comprise

nearly half of the total population of the country, this denial has contributed in no small measure to

India‘s continuing underdevelopment.

Women constitute about half of the total population of country but they suffer from many

disadvantages as compared to men in terms of literacy rates,labour participation rates

earrings.Social,economic and political empowerment is the needy of the day, as it is one only

surest way of making women ―equal partners in development ―.

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In the millennium development goals, goal3 says ―promote gender equality and empower women‖.

And in the sustainable development goals, goal 5 says ―Achieve gender equality and empower all

women and girls‖.

CSR - CONCEPT

India‘s new companies Act 2013 (Companies Act)has introduced several new provisions which

change the face of Indian corporate business. One of such new provisions is Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR).The concept of CSR rates on the ideology of give and take.Companies take

resources in the form raw materials, human resources etc from the society.By performing the task

of CSR activities,the companies are giving something back to the society.

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Section 135 and Schedule vii of the

Companies(Corporate Social Responsibility policy) Rules,2014 to come into effect from April 1,

2014.

With effect from April 1,2014, every company,private limited or public limited ,which either has a

net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore ,needs to spend

atleast2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate

social responsibility activities .The Corporate social Responsibility activities should not be

undertaken in the normal course of business and must be with respect to any of the activities

mentioned in Schedule VII of the 2013 Act.Contribution to any political party is not considered to

be a Corporate Social Responsibility activity and only activities in India would be considered as

computing CSR expenditure.

A flow chart of CSR concept



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CSR ACTIVITIESININDIA

The ministry of Corporate Affairs has indicated some of the broad areas and activities. Other than

working in these areas, companies couldalso contribute to the Prime Minister's National Relief

Fund or any other fund set upby the Central government or the State governments for

socioeconomic developmentand relief and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the

Scheduled Tribes,other backward classes, minorities and women.

The policy recognizes that corporate social responsibility is not merely compliance; it is a

commitment to support initiatives that measurably improve the lives of underprivileged by one or

more of the following focus areas as notified under Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013 and

Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules 2014:

Eradicating hunger, poverty & malnutrition, promoting preventive health care & sanitation

& making available safe drinking water;

Promoting education, including special education & employment enhancing vocation skills

especially among children, women, elderly & the differently unable & livelihood

enhancement projects; The policy recognizes that corporate social responsibility is not

merely compliance; it is a commitment to support initiatives that measurably improve the

lives of underprivileged by one or more of the following focus areas as notified under

Section 135 of the Companies Act

Promoting gender equality, empowering women, setting up homes & hostels for women &

orphans, setting up old age homes, day care centers & such other facilities for senior citizens

& measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially & economically backward groups;

Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health by providing good hospital

facilities and low cost medicines;

Providing with hospital and dispensary facilities with more focus on clean and good

sanitation so as to combat human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency

syndrome, malaria and other diseases;

Ensuring environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora & fauna,

animal welfare, agro forestry, conservation of natural resources & maintaining quality of

soil, air & water;

Employment enhancing vocational skills

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Protection of national heritage, art & culture including restoration of buildings & sites of

historical importance & works of art; setting up public libraries; promotion & development

of traditional arts & handicrafts;

Measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans, war widows & their dependents;

Training to promote rural sports, nationally recognized sports, sports & Olympic sports;

Contribution to the Prime Minister‗s National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the

Central Government for socio-economic development & relief & welfare of the Scheduled

Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities & women;

Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators located within academic

institutions, which are approved by the Central Government;

Rural development projects, etc

Slum area development.

The Above list is illustrative not exhaustive. All activities under the CSR activities should be

environment friendly and socially acceptable to the local people and Society. Contribution towards

C.M relief fund shall be a part of CSR activities above 2% of Net profit other than the activities

mentioned above. Further Ministry of Corporate Affairs vide Notification dated 24.10.2014

increased the scope of contribution made towards Corporate Social Responsibility Activities

namely:

CSR AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

History has revealed the deteriorating state of women. To ensure that women today are able toretain

the status that it had received in the early dawns of history is a challenge. Women have

norecognition in the villages, treated as secondary sex and second class citizens, they wereneglected

and oppressed. The companies regardless of Private or Public enterprise are thereforeneeds to

empower the rural women by initiating corporate social responsibility activities.

Organizations have a vital role in ensuring that women are able to regain a respectable status inthe

society. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most prominent concepts in theliterature

through which organizations have scope for ensuring a development in the status ofwomen in India

through empowering women.

Hopkins (1998) has expressed CSR concept being concerned with treating the stakeholders ofthe

firm ethically or in a socially responsible manner. Stakeholders exist both within a firm andoutside.

Consequently, behaving socially responsibly will increase the human development ofstakeholders



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both within and outside the organizations. CSR indicates positive impacts ofbusinesses on their

stakeholders.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER ARE:

a) To explain the role of CSR in establishing women empowerment

b) To discuss the women empowerment initiatives as a part of CSR in organizations

Empowering women is all about encouraging Self Empowerment, Self-Esteem, PersonalGrowth,

Spiritual Growth, Reclaiming Authentic Power and the power Goddess within. Theorganizational

aim to ignite women empowerment should be through inspiring women with thecourage to break

free from the chains of limiting belief patterns and societal or religiousconditioning that have

traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to see their true innerpower. This objective can be

achieved through CSR in a systematic manner.

The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) in India has come up with its latest

comprehensiveguidelines on Corporate Social Responsibility in March, 2010 vide F.No.15 (3)/2007

-DPE (GM)GL 99 dated: 9th April 2010 for the Central Public Sector Enterprises in India with

respect to theconcept, planning, research, documentation, advocacy, promotion, funding

aspects,documentation and monitoring the CSR activities. The concept of CSR as per the

latestguidelines emphasizes on Sustainable development and clearly states that CSR is a

company‘scommitment to operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable

manner,while recognizing the interests of its stakeholders. This commitment is beyond

statutoryrequirements. Corporate social responsibility is, therefore, closely linked with the practice

ofSustainable Development.

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has described CSR as the

businesscontribution to sustainable economic development and building on a base of compliance

withlegislation and regulation.

Though women in today‘s modern society has been able to climb the ladder for equal status

yetmany regions do not approve equality for women. Jadhav and Koli (2010). Women in the

Indiansociety still looks towards the society to grant them power or empower them in various

ways.Women empowerment talks much about empowering women in various ways (financial,

social,cultural, legal& political). Many organizations are now focusing on Corporate

SocialResponsibility by ensuring financial and social inclusiveness for women. Organizations now

arerequired to play a vital role in boosting economy by encouraging women employment to

everysection of society. The objectives of organizations should be:

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NEED FOR FOCUS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH CSR

CSR initiatives can address issues atthe ground level and one such area at the base level is

empowering women. Companies areinitiating numerous CSR activities focused to encourage

women empowerment. Yet, it has beenobserved that the companies do not reflect the activities with

proper gender related informationlike education, health, and women rights etc. Companies should

not only encourage womenempowerment as a part of CSR n rural area but also should initiate

empowerment of women atorganizational level too. They must ensure that they have the following

practices as a part of theorganization.

- The companies are required to have distinct and well defined women empowerment policy.

- Gender based reporting needs to be incorporated in corporate report. Hence, the

engenderingpolicies are clear and understandable.

- The reporting system should reflect the gender employment ratio.

- Reporting practices have failed to reflect the unethical practices against women within

theworkplaces of the companies.

CONCLUSION

We are living in a country where women are worshipped as goddess but in practical treated as a

second grade citizen. In many fields women are achieving heights not less than men but in every

step they have to overcome a hurdle to achieve the success. The centre theme of the concept CSR

aims the all-round welfare of the society. Though women occupies the higher part of the society,

still they are experiencing vulnerability and have not given right to take decisions of their own life.

The centretheme of CSR made the activities of CSR a proper and genuine tool to achieve overall

empowerment of women.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Savitha Thakur Joshi (1999) Women and Development: The Changing Scenario

2. Anju Bhatia (2000) Women Development and NGO‘s

3. Meena Agarwal (2007) Women Empowerment: Today‘s Vision for Tomorrow‘s Mission

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate Social Responsibility

5.http://www.google.co.in//wap.busiiness-standard.com/article-amp/companies/an-overview-of-csr-

rules-under companies act



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SUSTAINABILITY AND CSR THROUGH GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Miss. Arati Shital Zirale (M.Phil)

CSIBER, Kolhapur

ABSTRACT

Environmentally and socially responsive provide chains square measure within the early adoption stages in

Bharat. international provide chains would like worldwide goals, and also the key to the success of

inexperienced provide Chain Management is to bring the worldwide business together create a decision to

come to a decision to make your mind up to choose to determine upon and pledge to figure towards cheap

and concrete goals which will make a true distinction to the environment. Customers square measure

progressively demanding to understand wherever merchandise return from, however they're created and

distributed and what impact future environmental legislations can wear the merchandise they obtain. The

aim of this paper is to provide action plans and facilitate information among provide chain professional

person that they have to travel inexperienced the business efficiently, and communicate these efforts to their

customers, partners, and also the public. In fact, the paper discusses the key drivers for inexperienced

initiatives embody government compliance, improved client and promotion, a reduced fuel bill and monetary

ROI through varied provide chain initiatives like reverse provision. Further, increasing provide chain

efficiency, up capitalist relations, decreasing risk and a bigger company responsibility agenda square

measure known as important factors within the strategic call to travel inexperienced. Firms operating in

Bharat don't seem to be properly addressing these measures in provide chain style and operations. That's

why; the paper additional elaborates strategic management of inexperienced supply chain, that involves

assembling and analyzing environmental rules and client issues, discussing the relevant environmental

problems with the procure, producing and internal control departments across the provision chain

corporations and at last developing and act the inexperienced provide chain policies to any or all members

of the provision chain i.e. provider‟s supplier to client‟s customer.

Keywords: Green supply chain Management, Sustainability, etc.

INTRODUCTION

As the public becomes a lot of attentive to environmental issues and warming, shoppers are going

to be asking a lot of questions about the merchandise they're getting. Companies can need to expect

questions on however inexperienced their producing processes and provide chain area unit, their

carbon footprint and the way they recycle. But some companies have seen that this not a nasty

factor and so have been able to convert the public‘s interest all told things green into accumulated

profits. Environmental initiatives such as strategic environmental sourcing improve associate

organization‘s competitive position and cut back risks (Sroufe, 2003). Variety of corporations have

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shown that there is a symbol of the link between improved environmental performance and

monetary gains. Companies have looked to their provide chain and seen areas wherever

enhancements within the means they operate will produce profits. Corporations will realize price

savings by reducing the environmental impact of their business processes. By re-evaluating the

company's provide chain, from getting, planning, and managing the employment of materials to

shipping and distributing final merchandise, savings area unit typically known as a good thing

about implementing green policies. Despite the public‘s specialise in the environment, advantages

attributed to reducing a company‘s environmental impact aren't within the forefront of provide

chain executive‘s minds. It seems that a lot of executives are still unaware that improved

environmental performance suggests that lower waste-disposal and coaching costs, fewer

environmental-permitting fees, and, often, reduced materials prices. Hopefully the interest in

inexperienced issues and environmental concern by the general public won't decrease as economic

problems become a lot of necessary due to the faltering economy. The trend towards developing a

green provide chain is currently gaining quality however most companies area unit still coming

back to terms with however this could be achieved and wherever do they begin. For years

businesses have been concentrating on up provide chain visibility, refinement potency and

minimizing price. Despite the focus being moving towards a inexperienced provide chain the goals

of visibility, potency and value reduction don't have to be discarded. By examining the businesses

World Health Organization have already created strives towards to a inexperienced provide chain,

we can begin to envision some best practices that may facilitate others to start their own transition.

Making a inexperienced supply chain that has very little to try and do together with your business

can not facilitate your company to realize its business objectives.

For example, if a corporation decides to use perishable packaging for its merchandise that prices

twenty fifth over traditional packaging, this goes against the companies goals of reducing prices. If

a business has associate overall goal to reduce prices then the move to a inexperienced provide

chain ought to dovetail with the business goal. a corporation ought to check out its overall business

goals and establish however a transition to a green provide chain will facilitate reach those goals.

For example if a business desires to scale back its energy prices it should begin by watching the

consumption to envision if a reduction are often created by mistreatment a lot of energy economical

and greener instrumentation.

NEED OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Greening the provision chain has varied edges to Associate in Nursing organization, starting from



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value reduction, to desegregation suppliers in an exceedingly participative decision-making method

that promotes environmental innovation (Bowen et al., 2001; Hall, 2003; Rao, 2002). A growing

range of firms are developing company-wide environmental programs and inexperienced

merchandise sourced from markets round the world (Min and Galle, 1997). Globally, governments

are exerting pressure on businesses to try to to a lot of to cut back the negative impact of operations

wear the setting.

Pressure is returning from the physical world too. Even if it‘s potential for corporations to ignore

the impact of their operations on setting however shortage of resources that go into merchandise ar

necessary to form or move merchandise.

It is a right away threat to the success of business. Similarly, a shortage of obtainable energy at a

plant location will force companies to curtail production. Additionally, many companies face

pressure from commercialism partners. Retailers are vying with one another to attractiveness to

client aspirations and making inexperienced ways that are being driven throughout their intensive

offer chains. Clearly, fear is motivating several corporations to adopt a reputable Green strategy.

However going inexperienced has several upsides, including the potential to realize competitive

advantage by being the primary to promote with new merchandise and services that satisfy client

thirst for a more robust life. Now consumers are progressively creating purchase selections based

on the eco-friendliness of merchandise and therefore the fairness with that a company‘s staff are

treated. As consumers progressively create purchase selections supported social and environmental

concerns, a lot of corporations are adopting client well-being programs. For instance, the quickest

growing food classes are organic and health oriented products. In response, cereal and snack class

companies, that started by packaging their merchandise in smaller serving sizes, are currently

utterly redeveloping their product lines. Currently a day‘s environmental problems are becoming

Associate in Nursing intrinsic a part of strategic coming up with in organizations as a result of

stricter laws and therefore the demands of environmental irresponsibleness (Walton et al. 1998).

KEY DRIVERS FOR GREEN INITIATIVES

Government Compliance

The temperature change is occurring quicker and can bring bigger changes faster than anticipated.

Ironically market and the nature touching the wall promptly, may be a sign that we tend to need to

realize higher ways in which to be a lot of property. Whether the drive is to suits the govt laws or to

meet the costumers‘ expectations corporations are finding motivation to travel inexperienced.

Going inexperienced doesn't simply impact company‘s thinking and strategy however influences

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offer chain likewise. Righteously the main target isn't simply to realize cleaner water consumption

and energy sources for server farms, however to form offer chains a lot of environmentally friendly.

The Asian region is within the inside of a inexperienced packaging revolution as governments begin

implementing powerful environmental packaging laws that regulate the approach packaging is

made, used and recovered. Asian countries have introduced a raft of recent legislation, tweaks to

existing laws, body policy changes. Compliance with national laws are going to be mandatory and

can limit what packaging and materials will be allowable to be used made in Asia.

Money ROI

The business leaders steering their firms through the recession of 2009 would scrutinize their offer

chains and assess whether or not their use of world, open supply-chain standards is adequate to

maximize their come on investment and position themselves for gain. The futures of their

businesses could rely on it. As the recession continues into the spring of 2009, many manufacturers

square measure responding to remittent levels of activities with commerce partners not solely by

cutting prices, but conjointly by curtailing their supply-chain operations and waiting for shoppers

and retailers to begin shopping for once more. But the makers that may be the foremost booming

when business picks keep a copy don't seem to be idle. they are exploitation the current lull in

external activities to use their offer chains to bring prices down, or to wring profits and working

capital whereas positioning themselves for growth in the ultimate recovery all by simplifying

processes and increasing potency. They're incorporating a standards based approach to product

identification and information capture in their "four walls" applications regionally, like asset

management, work-in-process flow, and yard management. a lot of necessary, they're coming up

with ahead for working with their commerce partners, thinking globally by implementing

information sharing with partners everyplace across their operations and provide chains, so that

they have actionable visibility possible through standards.

Reverse provision

The purpose of the reverse provision method is to make sure that products/materials square measure

came from the user to the producer so as to be recycled, reused or repaired. In reverse provision the

chain is roofed within the opposite direction. Reverse provision thus denotes a group of planning,

execution and flow management measures for raw materials and finished product, with the aim of

ill and utilization those product or materials. Standardized reusable containers, sensible deposition

layouts, and easy information access scale back storage and retrieval delays which cause savings in

operational prices while being environmentally sound (Wu and Dunn, 1995). Logistics involves an



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entire vary of activities, together with assortment, sorting, process and reconditioning. Returns

management embraces: returns at the top of a product‘s life, business returns (leasing, mail order,

B2C), contractual returns, returns below warrantee (faulty goods), production waste and scraps, and

―functional‖ returns, such as packaging to be reused for identical purpose (containers, packaging).

Reverse provision accustomed be the preserve of distributors of newspapers and magazines

(products that have a really restricted life span) and mail order distributors (covering product not

wished by consumers).

Here are a unit six tips for making a "green" program:

1. Produce generic, less costly and lighter packaging for refurbished product.

2. Utilize perishable packaging, made of recycled material.

3. Kind useful materials as specific as potential to maximize volume and revenue.

4. Work with regional utilization specialists to scale back transportation prices.

5. Recycle material during a timely manner to maximize e market viability.

6. Educate and encourage the whole organization to contribute to "green" causes.

Supply Chain Efficiency

Organizations area unit integration their provide chains to scale back operating prices and improve

their client service (Walton et al., 1998). Firms don't usually amendment their businesses processes

and it's this angle permits inefficient processes to continue intense inflicting unnecessary waste and

pollution. The foremost ordinarily perceived enemy to environmental protection is manufacturing

and production operations. That is, manufacturing and production processes area unit viewed

because the culprits in harming the surroundings, within the kinds of waste generation, scheme

disruption, and depletion of natural resources (Fiksel, 1996). Businesses that wish to transition to a

inexperienced provide chain ought to take the chance to review all their business processes to spot

areas wherever adopting a greener outlook will really improve their business. Firms ought to review

every method on the supply chain to spot if a additional environmentally sound approach can

facilitate cure the inefficiencies that occur. Many companies that are through this exercise have

identified processes wherever raw materials were wasted; resources underutilized and gratuitous

energy used due to inefficient instrumentality. Winning provide chain management is associate

degree unvaried method that evaluates the cost/benefit trade-offs of operational elements. The

supply chain strategy constitutes the particular operations of that organization and therefore the

extended provide chain to satisfy a specific provide chain objective. Most firms area unit unlikely to

possess a comprehensive provide chain management strategy. Most provide chain management

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strategies concentrate on driving down operational prices and maximizing efficiencies. a company

might select a supply chain approach directed at provider and trafficker management as a method to

stay competitive.

Corporate Responsibility

Green initiatives area unit tied to the larger issue of company social responsibility (CSR), the

concept that corporations have obligations not simply to their investors however additionally to

their stakeholders, society, and also the atmosphere. Many corporations driven to accommodates

increasing government regulations and pressure from shareholders area unit turning to the world

organization for Standardization (ISO) for steering with implementing inexperienced and CSR

programs. Similar to the ISO 9000 customary for quality, the ISO 14000 customary for

environmental management systems (EMS) establishes best practices and benchmarks for

inexperienced initiatives, and also the ISO 26000 customary for company social responsibility

establishes a framework for the development of CSR standards. Government agencies and

companies involved with property problems can adopt these standards and raise their suppliers and

vendors to follow suit. The inexperienced policy is to perpetually rummage around for ways that in

which firm will improve inexperienced credentials as a part of their continuous method

improvement beneath lean quality initiatives. The inexperienced strategy is additionally aligned

with the government contract compliance initiatives and company‘s corporate social responsibility

initiatives. Today the mission of every firm is to control their business within the most

environmentally-friendly method. This includes:

· Establishing a inexperienced product giving from key vendors for national distribution and clearly

characteristic those products in their promoting materials, together with their catalog and data

processor.

· Getting inexperienced product from their suppliers.

· Reducing waste and utilization & reusing materials at every chance.

· Reducing their voltage consumption.

· coming up with distribution routes to attenuate fuel consumption.

· Encouraging automobile pooling and accountable business travel.

· Repairing instead of discard whenever possible.

· Receiving electronic POs, invoices, and different business documents from vendors

and customers whenever possible.



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· Encouraging their customers to sign in for Electronic Invoicing via fax, email, or the

online to cut back paper usage.

GAINING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of this while not compromising the

power of future generations to satisfy their own desires. Implementing a property development

approach among a corporation could be a horizontal task, inasmuch because it impacts on the

majority the company's functions. Inexperienced could be a set of the broader world of property.

Property incorporates endeavors like honest labor practices, human rights, and community

responsibility, whereas inexperienced includes things that impact the atmosphere. Once offer chains

were designed decades agene, oil‘s price and environmental impact were ne'er issues. But today,

corporations area unit considering redesigning their long and complicated offer chains to cut back

transportation prices and also the associated carbon footprint generated by moving merchandise

long distances. Corporations ought to incorporate carbon emissions as a part of a offer chain

network style exercise, where they can acquire a lot of holistic understanding of the value, service

level, and carbon tradeoffs related to different network layouts. during this sense, property

development policy contains a bearing either direct or indirect on the availability Chain, that so

contains a key role to play, significantly in terms of protective and conserving the environment.

Within the next many years we'll be hearing more concerning offer Chain property or the

inexperienced Sustainable offer Chain. A inexperienced property offer Chain is outlined as "the

method of victimization environmentally friendly inputs and remodeling these inputs through

modification agents whose byproducts will improve or be recycled among the prevailing

atmosphere.

This method develops outputs that may be saved and re-used at the tip of their life-cycle so,

creating a sustainable offer chain." the complete plan of a property supply chain is to cut back

prices whereas serving to the environment. Many folks would argue that being environmentally

friendly will increase your prices. Within the past, most corporations were targeted on reducing unit

prices.

Many corporations later evolved into watching total landed costs with the on-set of world trade.

Corporations additionally started watching the usage prices with a chunk of equipment i.e. what

area unit my price per copy once employing a copier. In today's "sustainable" world the thinking

ought to be what's the life cycle prices of this half, piece of equipment or offer chain method.

Property may well be a tremendous weapon for corporations to cut back prices. There are a unit

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several aspects of the availability chain that might be improved by watching it from a property point

of view.

CONCLUSION

Businesses will position themselves anyplace on the spectrum of the inexperienced chain, from

yielding with regulations and selecting instrumentality like bio-diesel engines or low-energy-

consuming light-weight bulbs for his or her facilities. they'll position themselves to maneuver

earlier than the curve and be at the forefront in shaping and fixing the environment by redesigning

the general network by pushing for brand spanking new laws, developing new product, and setting

out to plan their offer chains to incorporate suppliers and transportation mode picks. There are

many ways during which businesses will transit to a inexperienced supply chain; but, it's necessary

to appreciate that it's difficult to attain results while not robust centered leadership. Senior

management needs to lead the hassle to move towards a inexperienced offer chain and supply the

resources for the transition. Several businesses have documented associate intent or decide to

implement a inexperienced offer chain, however while not the required resources, each money and

force, any impact are minimal . Within the future, companies are moving to a property offer chain.

The harsh reality is that we'd like to alter what we have a tendency to area unit doing from a offer

chain stand so as to confirm that future generations can have resources to use in their lifetime. The

advantage of implementing a inexperienced property supply chain is that we will improve the profit

of our company and facilitate the surroundings. Inexperienced can't solely be profitable however

conjointly become necessity to pay our dues for the concern of surroundings at giant. Being at one

finish or the other of the spectrum isn't essentially sensible or unhealthy; it is just totally different

counting on the dynamics of a selected business.

REFERENCES

Bacallan, J.J. (2000) Greening the availability chain‘, Business and surroundings, Vol. 6 No. 5, pp.

11-12.

Bowen, F.E., Cousins, P.D., Lamming, R.C. and Faruk,

A.C. (2001) Horses for courses: explaining the gap between the speculation and apply of

inexperienced supply‘, Greener Management International season, pp. 41-60.

Fiksel, J. (1996) style for Environment: making Eco-

Efficient product and Processes‘, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY



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INITIATIVES OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF

MAHARASHTRA GOVERNMENT FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

THROUGH CSR ACIVITIES

Prof. Manisha P. Shukla,

Research Scholar,

Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

India has a long tradition of holistic compassion. The process, though commended recently, has been

followed since ancient times even though informally. Philosophers such as Kautilya from India and pre-

Christian era philosophers in the West preached and promoted decent ideology while doing business. The

concept of serving the poor and disadvantaged was cited in a number of ancient literatures. In the pre-

industrialized period philanthropy, religion and charity were the key drivers of CSR. The industrial families

of the 19th century had a strong preference toward contributions and other social considerations. However,

the donations, either monetary or otherwise, were irregular activities of charity or philanthropy that were

taken out of personal savings, which neither belonged to the shareholders nor did it constitute an integral

part of business. During this period, the industrial families also established temples, schools, higher

education institutions and other infrastructure of public use.

Women are vital to the complete development process, be it in an individual family, village, province, state

and to the whole nation. Women have maintained the traditional Indian culture since ages. History has

discovered the deteriorating state of women. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most

prominent concepts in the literature through which organizations have scope for ensuring a development in

the status of women in India through women empowerment. The objectives of the paper are to explain the

role of CSR in establishing women empowerment and also to discuss the women empowerment initiatives as

a part of CSR in organizations.

Key words: CSR, women empowerment

INTRODUCTION

The term CSR itself came into general use in the early 1970s. The last decade of the twentieth

century witnessed a shift in focus from charity and traditional philanthropy toward more direct

appointment of business in majority development and concern for disadvantaged groups in the

society. In India, there is a growing comprehension that business cannot succeed in separation and

social evolution is necessary for sustainable growth. An ideal CSR practice has both ethical and


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philosophical magnitudes, particularly in India where there exists a wide gap between stratum of

people in terms of income and standards as well socio-economic status

CONCEPT ELABORATIONS…

According to the EU Commission CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate social and

environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders

on a voluntary basis.

European Union (EU) explains CSR as the concept that a venture is accountable for its impact on

all related stakeholders. It is the continuing obligation by business to behave fairly and responsibly,

and contribute to economic progress while humanizing the quality of life of the work force and their

families as well as of the local community and humanity at large.

As I tried to draw a sense from above quoted discussion that CSR is nothing but,

The CSR approach is holistic and incorporated with the core business strategy for

addressing social and environmental impacts of businesses.

CSR needs to attempt the well-being of all stakeholders and not just the company‘s

shareholders.

Humanitarian activities are only an element of CSR, which otherwise constitutes a much

larger set of activities entailing planned business benefits.

Empowerment is the process of enabling or authorizing individual to feel, take action and direct

work in a self-directed way. It is the process by which one can gain control over one‘s destiny and

the conditions of ones lives. Empowerment inculcates control over resources (physical, human,

intellectual and financial) and over ideology (beliefs, values and attitudes).

Women empowerment is vital for the development of society. Empowerment means individuals

acquiring the power to reflect and perform freely, exercises choice and fulfill their prospective as

full and equal members of society. According to United National Development Fund for women

(UNIFEM), the term women‘s empowerment includes major four points are as follows.

1. To acquire knowledge and understanding of gender relations and the ways in which these

relations may be changed.

2. To develop a sense of self-worth, a belief in one‘s ability to secure desired changes and the right

to control one‘s life

3. To gain the ability to generate choices exercise bargaining power

4. To develop ability to organize and influence the direction of social change, to create a more just

social and economic order, nationally and internationally.



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Thus, empowerment means a psychological wisdom of personal control or influence and an anxiety

with actual social influence, political power and legal rights. It is a multi-level concept referring to

individuals, organizations and community. It is an international, ongoing process centered in the

local community, involving common respect, significant reflection, caring and group participation,

through which people lacking an identical share of valued resources expand greater access to the

control over these resources.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be seen as a complete set of policies, programs, and

practices which combines business operations, supply chains, and decision making processes of the

company and hold responsibilities for present and past actions as well as sufficient consideration to

future impacts. CSR is an idea where voluntarily companies integrate social and environmental

apprehensions in their company operations and in their communications with their stakeholders.

Sustaining and empowering women is all about cheering Self Empowerment, Self-Esteem, Personal

Growth, Spiritual Growth, Reclaiming Authentic Power and the power spirit of individual. The

organizational endeavor to enlighten women empowerment should be through inspiring women

with the courage to shatter free from the chains of limiting belief patterns and societal or religious

habituation that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to see their true inner power.

This objective can be achieved through CSR in an organized manner.

Women and Child Development Department has been contributing concentrated efforts for

empowering Women and Children in the state with focused efforts aimed at Reducing Crime

against Women, Women Empowerment through Skill Development, Reducing Malnourishment

amongst children, and Reducing female feticide etc. These efforts are implemented through a range

of policy reforms to facilitate administrative systems to execute the necessary programs and

practices.

The department strongly believes that in achieving its key objectives, involvement of the Corporate

Sector shall engage in recreation and play a key role. Therefore, the department has come up with a

CSR policy that will sustain the corporate efforts and channelize them in right course so that their

contributions add to the objectives of the department in general. Also, the CSR activities will be

able to assimilate the social considerations into their businesses, governance, management, business

strategy, and daily decisions and actions.

Business community know how to approach with inventive, methodical, competent, effective

approaches in implementing these initiatives and happen to an active collaborator in Government‘s

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efforts of providing an all-inclusive, safe, protected and healthy growth of its target population

which is more than 54% of the state population.

Women empowerment initiatives through CSR activities

Collaboration on Gender Budgeting by UN Women and UNICEF

Ensure wide scale awareness regarding Gender Budgeting amongst major stakeholders of

the Dept. followed by other Dept. of Govt. of Maharashtra

Develop a concrete roadmap for implementation of Gender Budgeting in the State

Develop capacity building plans for Govt. Officials on various aspects of Gender Budgeting

Entrepreneurship Development and Empowerment of Women in Maharashtra.

With help of I-Care Life project has undergone for development of Women

Entrepreneurship. The objective of this MOU is to utilize the contribution of the Corporate Sector

by way of CSR to provide skills and competencies to women that shall give them employability.

This initiative also aims to provide more choices for women and create female role models and

mentors in places where economic opportunities have historically been limited. This programme is

working towards developing a women workforce that is more likely to be healthier, have higher

earnings and exercise greater decision-making power within the household. These women are also

more likely to ensure that their own children are educated, thus breaking the cycle of poverty and

hunger. Thus far, total 200 women have been trained under this Programme.

Improve Health and Nutrition of women and children in informal urban settlements of

Mumbai

WCD Dept., MCGM and SNEHA have entered into this MOU to form Mumbai Child Health and

Nutrition Committee under a convergence model for ensuring achievement of following key

objectives to improve maternal and health outcomes

o Increase convergence of mother and children and reaching out to vulnerable pockets

o Effective and Efficient use of material and human resources

o Increase uptake of ICDS and Health Services

o Timely and Effective Referrals and Follow-ups

o Sustained Community Ownership

To reduce child malnutrition in Melghat Region in Maharashtra

With the collaboration Britannia Nutrition Foundation for putting concentrated efforts to address

the problem of child malnutrition in Melghat region of Amravati district. This area, with a

predominantly tribal population, comprises the two Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)



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project blocks of Dharni and Chikhaldara. The project is being implemented using "Jatak‖

Application for GPS and IVRS based real time monitoring of health and nutrition condition of

every under-5 child in the Melghat region. Using the monthly weights of under-5 children reported

by Anganwadi workers, the software will list all under-5 children falling in the severe underweight

(SUW) category and those whose weight gain is static or declining over a 3 month period. The

objective of this initiative is achieving reduction in underweight levels in the under-5 child

population, more specifically in the under-3 segment.

Developing Kitchen Gardens across Maharashtra

Rajmata Jijau Mother-Child Health & Nutrition Mission and Reliance Foundation Collaboration for

developing Kitchen Gardens across Maharashtra to reduce malnutrition and improve health and

nutrition of women and children in the state. Initially, the Kitchen Gardens initiative will cover six

districts i.e. Pune, Thane, Palghar, Yavatmal, Parbhani and Nashik.As a first step, Demonstration

Kitchen Gardens are being be established at one Anganwadi in every block in each of these 6

districts. Along with the Anganwadi, if possible Kitchen Garden shall also be facilitated in Village

Schools, PHCs and Sahyogini‘s Home. WCD Department and Rajmata Jijau Mother-Child Health

& Nutrition Mission are working towards building awareness on nutrition, identification of

Anganwadis, mobilization of trainees, Providing Training Infrastructure and so on. The Reliance

Foundation Team is carrying out Orientations / Workshops, Trainings and Handholding support for

establishment of these demonstration Kitchen Gardens. Eventually, these demonstration Kitchen

Gardens shall serve as training center for the rest of the Anganwadis in a block.

Tracking the nutrition status of under - 5 children in one ICDS project in Thane District of

Maharashtra (Bhivandi II) so as to enable the ICDS machinery to take further steps to

improve the nutrition status of these children

The main objective of this initiative is to capture Nutritional status of children in Bhiwandi Project

II of Thane District in a real-time manner, using Jatak Application and take necessary further steps

to improve the nutrition status of these children. Jatak uses a combination of technologies such as

GPS, Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) and other Mobile/ Server based Software

Applications. Jatak would be helpful in bringing underweight children into immediate focus and

highlighting those children whose growth is found to be faltering. Efforts taken by Riddhi

Management Services Pvt. Ltd are appreciable.

Strengthening more than 990 Anganwadis of Vasai and PalgharTaluka in Palghar District,

Maharashtra

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M/s Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Limited and M/s Samhita Social Ventures Private

Limited have supported the present activity. The corporate partners shall undertake a situational

analysis based baseline study of Anganwadis in Vasai and Palghar Taluka to design a holistic

intervention that caters to the needs and requirements of identified Anganwadis. They will also

work towards improving the delivery of pre-school education for children between the age group of

3 – 6 years through capacity building of CDPOs, Supervisors, Anganwadi Workers and Sevikas

through customized training sessions and exposure visits to ‗Model Anganwadi‘ centers. As part of

this programme, Anganwadi centres would be given teaching and learning aids/ kits to facilitate

Anganwadi Workers in implementing their learnings. The Corporate Partners will also work

towards designing a comprehensive program to strengthen and supplement the efforts of WCD

Dept. and making provisions for creating access to potable drinking water and sanitation facilities

in the Anganwadis.

Delivering Quality Services to the resident Children in Dongri Observation, including its

effective monitoring and Institutional Strengthening with help of JSW Foundation

Work closely on various areas such as Infrastructure in the Library of the Observation

Home.

Skill Development/ Vocational Trainings to the children

Develop kitchen garden in the premises of the Observation Home for providing

Micronutrient rich diet to the children,

Carrying out Periodic Eye Check-up camps for the children, Level top soil area for

playground so the children have safe access to Outdoor Sports

Facilitate Sports Activities through Magic Bus Arrange for Industrial Excursions to

nearby industry at least once in three months if feasible to inculcate importance of

Vocational Education in children.

Painting the walls of the Premises to as part of cleanliness and beautification

Community Management of Acute Malnutrition

Department has signed MOU with Jamshedji Tata Trust and UNICEF for implementation of

Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (―CMAM Project‖) at Nandurbar District. This

initiative aims at improving survival and development outcome of estimated 11,500 SAM ( Severe

Acute Malnutrition) Children in all six blocks of Nandurbar District and compare the outcomes of

three nutrition protocols – MNT / RUTF, SF and ARF recipes



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Collaboration for tackling malnutrition in the areas of Mokhada block of Palghar district

with help of fight hunger foundation

Some of the key activities to be carried out as part of this collaboration are:

Develop standardized training materials/ packages & monitoring tools for delivery of

trainings to ICDS staff on topics such as Community based Management of Acute

Malnutrition, Infant and Young Child Feeding etc.

Promote community role in management of malnutrition through technical assistance and

support to the AWCs

Support referral of medically complicated SAM children to Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers

(NRC)

Providing Skill Training to under privileged women in the State so they can become Driver /

Chauffeur, Riders for ecommerce companies and food delivery service by Zaffiro Learning

Pvt. Ltd.

Carry out training of 15,000 candidates in a year, thus 75,000 women candidates in 5 years in

various skills (Driver / Chauffeur, Riders for ecommerce companies and food delivery service) that

will enhance the employability of the trained candidates. Run the training centers and provide

facilities (training infrastructure like Classrooms, Demo Labs, Laptops, Projectors, etc.) to the

eligible candidates mobilized by DWCD.

CONCLUSION

Every single major policy initiative in this country has been determined with a perspective that an

overwhelming concern for the disadvantaged and marginalized, a multidimensional view of poverty

and human deprivation, the focus on our fundamental rights and the need to develop opportunities

while ensuring its equal distribution are fundamental for achieving strong human development. But

disparity, inequality and the growing divide in our societies define our existence today. The

inclusion of the CSR command under the Companies Act, 2013 is an attempt to supplement the

government‘s efforts of equitably delivering the benefits of growth and to engage the Corporate

World with the country‘s development agenda.

Philanthropy and CSR is not a novel concept for Indian companies, however a few organizations

are likely to struggle. The role of civil society in fuelling this change is bound to be extremely

important. With the new corporate resources in their tool bag much will depend on their ability to

innovate and adapt.

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REFERENCES

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Way Towards Women Empowerment, Dr. Shulagna Sarkar,

Ms. Punam Singh, & Dr. Shulagna Sarkar.

Barrientos, A. (2008) ‗Social Transfers and Growth. A Review‘, BWPI, University of Manchester,

UK, available at: www.chronicpoverty.org [Accessed on 5th , March, 2012]

DPE CSR Guidelines, March, 2010.

Hopkins, M. (1998) A Planetary Bargain: CSR Comes of Age, Macmillan, UK Ethical Corporation

Survey (2009).

Jadhav, A. and Koli, A. (2010), Working paper series, Maratha Mandir‘s Babasaheb Gawde

Institute Of Management Studies, Mumbai

Kabeer, N. (2008) ‗The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?‘ European

Human Rights Law Review 2001(3) 245-267

Luttrell, C. and C. Moser (2004), ―Gender and Social Protection‖, report prepared for DFID,

London.

Prahalad, C.K 2004, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, Wharton School Publishing

Thakur , S. J. , Arnold, C. and Johnson, T. (2009) Gender and Social Protection, Promoting Pro-

Poor Growth: Social Protection - OECD



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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Sneha C Jasud

Institute- CSIBER

Email- [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In today‟s age of globalization and technically mutated world, it is important to have skilled labour force .It

is the device to improve the efficiency and contribution of labour to overall production. Corporate Social

Responsibility is the way to actively transforming India through job-ready workforce for domestic and

international industry. This paper is to know why skill development is required, why companies should

involve in it and how companies involvement in CSR is helpful .

INTRODUCTION

India is today the youngest nation in the world, but there is major skill gap in the country. Hence it

is realized that there is requirement for the skill development in our country. Skill development

helps for both companies and employees as companies will get the labour with skills require and

labours will get the jobs. Thus, it also helps in solving the unemployment problem.

Review of literature

Madhuri Dubey in her article ―CSR in Skill Development: Avenues,insights and impact‖ ,October

29,2016 –

States about what is the CSR what is government policy for CSR and the 5 models that can be

helped in skill development and vocational training in India. IT states about how different ways in

which companies can involve themselves in skill development those are through setting up own

foundation for training, encourage startups.

Praveen Agarwal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Rajes Kaimal, Luis Miranda in their article ― Skilling the

unskilled: Why should companies get involved?‖ –

States how companies align their CSR strategies to the Government‘s Skill India Mission. It states

how it helps in the livelihoods and how there should be an standard benchmark for skilling and the

role of companies and why companies should be involved in skill development.

Ajay Chhangani in his article ―Importance of skill training‖ ,December 08,2016. –

States that there is major skill gap in country. How we have academic-centric education model

,which has less emphasis on job skills and overall development of an individual. It states how skill

development helps in increasing job opportunities, less dropouts, nurturing talents and personal

growth of employees.

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Importance of creating a ―Skilled‖ India

In today's age of globalization and technically mutated world, skill building is an important weapon

to boost the efficiency and the quality of services for the advanced productivity and economic

growth.

India is today one of the youngest nations in the world with more than 62% of the population in the

working age group (15-59 years), and more than 54% of the total population below 25 years of

age.The opportunity to reap the benefits of ―demographic dividend‖ has to be utilized only with the

skilled workforce. Evidently, apart from meeting its own demand, India has the potential to become

the worldwide hub for outsourcing skilled manpower.

National missions such as Make in India are leveraging the abundant talent pool in the country,

creating more scope for jobs. Skill development, particularly, has been the hot topic for public

debate, focussing on its crucial role in fuelling the growth of the economy.

Recent reports revealed that more than one lakh engineering students who graduated in 2015 are not

employable. There is a major skill gap in the country as 80% of the engineering graduates are

'unemployable‘. The realization on the importance of skill development, especially for students who

are scanning the job market, is expected to bridge the gap between education and employment.

Taking into consideration the current education and job scenario, appropriate job-related skills

complement a formal degree in any discipline, and increases career opportunities. The job industry

too expects the prospective workforce to come prepared with specialized skills.

We have an academic-centric education model, which lays less emphasis on job skills and overall

development of an individual. This is why increasing number of students are opting to enhance their

hard and soft skills, to meet the industry need. Career readiness and employability skills have

become an increasingly critical part of education. Employers are desperately seeking people with a

combination of skills which not only covers technical or hard skills, but also includes soft skills and

life skills.

Youth is the driving force in any economy and if trained to their full capacity, can play a vital role

in growth of the country. Let us explore how skill training helps student jumpstart their career,

prepping them up to be viewed as career-ready and employable.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Possessing a specialized skill set increases employment opportunities. Today, even entry level roles

in many industries require base level qualifications. By completing a training course, your

employment opportunities become wider. Moreover, this has become a prerequisite to stand out



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from the crowd and meet the demands of the current highly- competitive job market.

PERSONAL GROWTH

Learning a new skill will broaden the opportunities, at the same time empower one as an individual.

Skill training not only provides skills in a particular area, but trains students to build and enhance

networking, time management, communication skills. Whatsoever role students may be looking

forward to in the organization, possessing strong soft skills puts them a step ahead in the

competition and makes them a true professional.

LESS DROPOUTS

India‘s youth today is facing a serious problem in unemployment and underemployment. It would

benefit students if they are encouraged to join skilling programmes. It gives them clarity about their

means of livelihood, much needed confidence and a direct career boost.

NURTURING TALENTS

Talent is innate, but skills are acquired. Skill training focuses on identifying, training and nurturing

talent, in any desired field. The social emphasis on scholastic achievement leaves little room for

appreciating the diversity of talent that could make a qualitative difference to the potential of the

skilled workforce.

SKILLED WORKFORCE

To encourage enterprise and boost employment creation, skilling programmes are coming up with

specialized courses on entrepreneurship in different sectors. Instead of training students to work

under someone, these programmes focus on leadership and innovation.

Why should companies get involved?

Align with government priorities

At this point, publicly funded initiatives are just not enough to create significant impact. Companies

shape industry demands, set trends and therefore, have a greater understanding of what is needed in

various sectors. Currently the Indian Government is only able to train 3.1 million of the 12.8

million entrants into the workforce each year and it is vital that companies step in to close the gap.

Kalyan Chakravarthy, Executive Director at the PanIIT Alumni Reach for India Foundation

(PARFI), reiterates the need for companies to get involved, ―The government does not have the

resources to train 40 crore people (500 million). India cannot afford this kind of budget, not unless

it‘s on a grant basis. Ultimately, (skilling) has to be market driven.‖

In 2020, India is set to experience a ‗demographic dividend‘ where 65% of the population will be

under the age of 35, which will give the country the unique advantage of having one of the world‘s

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youngest populations.

However, this is only an advantage if new entrants to the workforce are properly trained and given

access to skilled employment opportunities. The National Sample Survey currently estimates that of

the 470 million people of working age in India, only 10% receive any kind of training at all .

While many believe that the Mission could potentially close this gap and help meet the Indian

Government‘s ambitious target of skilling 550 million people by 2022; translating these

expectations into action is a significant challenge that can‘t be overestimated.

The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has identified over 24 high-growth sectors

for which people need to be skilled. Of these manufacturing, textile, construction, automotive,

retail, healthcare and transportation are expected to witness the highest growth. Companies

operating within these sectors stand to gain from investing in skill development as they can

strategically align with the Mission to train workers with skills that are needed in their respective

sectors.

THE ROLE OF COMPANIES

The Skill India Mission aims to actively involve companies in skilling the country. In July, at a

conference in New Delhi about engaging the private sector, Pawan Agarwal, Joint Secretary at the

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India talked about the

government‘s drive to involve companies and said, ―private sector engagement is part of the DNA

of the Skills Ministry of India.‖ By consolidating its efforts under the Ministry of the Skill

Development and Entrepreneurship and increasing the budget of the National Skill Development

Fund (NSDF) managed by the NSDC, the Government is pushing for the active participation of

companies [6] . Engaging with the NSDC through public-private partnerships (PPPs), CSR

programs and scaling up skilling operations is critical to the success of Skill India.

How can companies engage in skill development?

Through Public-Private Partnerships ( PPPs)

The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a not-for-profit company administered

jointly by the Indian Government and the private sector. This unique public-private partnership

(PPP) initiative aims to narrow the skills gap between demand and supply in India. It acts primarily

as a funding organization those catalyses the creation of large, quality, for-profit vocational

institutions. The NSDC acts a facilitator by providing capital for start-ups to set up skill

development centers and training programs. It has also set up 38 Sector Skills Councils (SSCs) that

connect the needs of industry with the training that is done on-the-ground and builds capacity in



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respective sectors.

Companies can work directly with or leverage the NSDC in a number of ways.

Fund the creation of quality vocational training institutes – this can also be done in partnership with

social enterprises that have developed high-quality, low-cost business models

Assess the validity of programs run by accredited organizations, contribute to NSDC‘s curriculum

design and ensure that it is regularly updated

Work with the SSCs to ensure that training meets market needs and is updated accordingly

Work with NGOs or SEs that are affiliated with the NSDC (as part of their CSR)

Train students through apprenticeship programs

Germany‘s highly successful ―Vocational Education Training (VET)‖ apprenticeship model is a

good example of how companies can train people to build industry capacity. Companies work with

vocational centers to train students that enroll in various courses. This system incorporates a ‗dual-

training‘ approach which allows students to split their time equally between the classroom and

workplace. Companies give students a minimum wage and can absorb them into the existing

workforce once fully trained. Students benefit from the training and salary and companies

eventually get skilled and qualified workers that meet their requirements. While the Government of

India has established a bi-lateral working group with the German Government to promote this

system and the Ministry for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has made provisions for a

similar model under the Apprentice Training Scheme (ATS), active participation and interest from

companies will be needed to drive these initiatives forward.

CSR in Education and Skill development

Education and skill development are fast emerging as preferred choice for CSR initiatives in India.

If you go by recent trends, we find that many corporates have integrated their business goals with

CSR and there‘s a strategic contribution to capacity building and community development through

partnering with training partners, NGOs and other organizations.

5 models of supporting skill development through CSR initiatives

1. Set up own foundation or fund training organizations and NGOs that are imparting skilling

and employment options for differently abled, underprivileged, socially and economically

challenged sections of society: For example, corporate houses that have set up their own

foundations include names such as, Dr. Reddy‘s Foundation, Axis Bank Foundation, ICICI

Bank Foundation among others. The other option is to fund training organizations, NSDC

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training partners and NGOs; for example, Godrej Green initiative, Hindustan Unilever and

L‘Oreal.

2. Modernise the ITIs and vocational training institutes with latest tools and technology,

software and support services such as training of trainers. Corporates can adopt the existing

institutes and help them through knowledge transfer, finances or infrastructure. They can

also set up new institutions that provide state-of-the-art facilities for imparting training and

hands-on learning. To cite an example, Mercedes Benz sets up an ‗Advanced Auto Body

Repair Training Center‘ in association with Don Bosco ITI in Pune or the work done by

Tata Motors in the Northeastern part of India.

3. Enable livelihoods in rural areas by creating opportunities to work without migration.This

is where corporates can provide market access for products and services, facilitate micro

finance in order to supplement training and skill development. For example, HSBC and

Mann Deshi Foundation support micro finance and have built in training and skill

development in their lending programmes.

4. Contribute towards scaling up skill development initiatives by funding activities across the

skill development value chain, capacity building and managerial support. Corporates can

also sponsor professional counseling for building awareness and mobilizing people for

enrolling in skilling courses with the right mindset.

5. Encourage startups, self-help groups and micro enterprises through seed funding, mentoring

and incubation support. Besides sharing knowledge and best practices, corporates can

sponsor projects that have demonstrated high impact through innovative models and

technology-enabled initiatives in skill development and vocational education. They can also

support entrepreneurs who are working on initiatives to support work-integrated training

through entry level skilling and upskilling.

How CSR Skill Development Training is proving to be helpful in development of entire India

This now been taken care of by CSR which stands for corporate social responsibility which is

linked to community welfare with the help of promotion of education and skill development. This

not only helps the society as a whole but also help unskilled manpower who are willing to work

hard to earn a livelihood and uplift their standard of living by getting respectful job. By learning

new skills and acquiring basic minimum education not only the underprivileged attain confidence

but also improves their quality of life. Few of the areas where CSR is making an impact has been in

the field of plumbing, carpentry, retail, hospitality, and customer services etc.



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The CSR Skill Development Training programme is now widespread across the whole of India

targeting weaker economic sectors by setting up training centres all across the country. One of the

initiatives of fostering education is by indulging the educated youth of India who can relate very

well with the underprivileged people as they are more sympathetic toward their needs. The youth of

India are guided by mentors and experienced staff who guide them in the right direction.

CSR Promoting Education is a very widespread motive which not only targets at providing basic

education to poor but also providing elementary and higher education to people who have already

had minimum education in their early years. They also set up camps where counseling is provided

and taught the benefits of being educated. Once the students finish their education via CSR they are

awarded certificates and credentials which are recognized worldwide and helps them a great deal in

providing them with jobs.

It has been found that while CSR Skill Development Training, many hidden talents were found and

it was seen that many people and students were not even aware of their capabilities. In accordance

to their aptitude and capability the training focuses on their strengths and work more than required,

so that they can contribute to the society, There have been cases where the students have gained so

much of confidence that even before the training is completed they are able to fetch a job for

themselves and within a year only they have grown leaps and bounds.

It is a known fact that any kind of education is always beneficial, if not now, may be at a later stage,

therefore CSR Promoting Education has also proved to do the same. Many women in rural India,

after acquiring education has passed on the benefits of being educated to their immediate family

members and have also started to send their children to schools so that they get education right from

the start.

SKILL BUILDING THROUGH CSR: THE CATALYST FOR „MAKE IN INDIA‟

As preliminary steps are taken by the government in promoting skill development in relation to the

larger ‗Make in India‘ mission, the role that corporations and industry associations‘ can play under

the umbrella of the new CSR Law has to be discussed and planned in an equally coherent manner

In his speech on India‘s 68th Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made his view on

skill development very clear. And he has continued to emphasize on it in most of his public

addresses, be it on Teacher‘s Day for students across the country, or at the Madison Square Garden

amidst the American-Indian community. As preliminary steps are being taken by the government to

promote skill development in relation to the larger ‗Make in India‘ mission, the role that

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corporations and industry associations can play under the umbrella of the new CSR law has to be

discussed and planned in an equally coherent manner.

Need for Skill Development Although India‘s demographic dividend is usually lauded as one of its

strengths, this has to be understood with caution. Unless skilled, and provided with employment

opportunities, the huge demographic dividend that aims to propel India onto the world stage might

end up being a liability rather than an asset.

The fact that employers are themselves aware of this deficiency reflected in a survey of employers

where 78 percent of the respondents were concerned with the growing skills gap. With over 77

projects carried out by the NSDC over the past three years notwithstanding, it appears that the only

way NSDC may cross its milestones is by involving large private companies and institutions, which

have the means and infrastructure to successfully implement such large scale projects.

WIN-WIN SITUATIONS

The benefits of skill development have been clearly articulated by PM Modi with regard to solving

the nation‘s unemployment and job creation problems. Skill development will help prospective

employees, as long as they are not curtailed by the private organizations by which they are trained,

get easier access to the formal job market where they can bargain for higher incomes, work under

safer labour conditions and be provided better health care and medical facilities.

The private sector on the other hand, by deploying its CSR capital on skill development projects,

also stands to benefit enormously from the availability of a large skilled and disciplined workforce.

Such a workforce can easily translate into better levels of customer service, reduced absenteeism

and employee turnover, increased productivity and efficiency, along with reduced recruitment costs.

Examples of few companies engaged in skill development

Accenture has a global ‗Skills to Succeed‘ program customized for India

Boeing has skilling programs in high-end engineering space

Cognizant has tied up with NSDC Udaan besides empowering women and PwDs through

other projects

Uber and NSDC tie up for training drivers and focusing on skills in the logistics sector

Accenture spent Rs 39 Crores in skill development in 7 states

CONCLUSION

Through this paper we come to know how important skill development of the employees of our

country is. As it will help in increasing job opportunities as well as personal growth and thus will

lead to less dropouts. It also states why companies should involve themselves in skill development



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through CSR and how companies will help in developing the skills of the employees of our country

by having public – private partnerships as well as with 5 models of how companies can support in

skill development through CSR initiatives

FINDINGS-

It states about the major skill gap within the youth of our country.

It states how companies can involve themselves in skill development of our country through

CSR.

It states about the companies involved in skilled development .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Agarwal, V. (2014, November 08). Skill Building through CSR:The Catalyst for 'Make in India'.

Retrieved February 2018, from www.forbesindia.com.

Chhangani, A. (2016, December 08). Importance of skill training. Retrieved February 2018, from

m.deccanherald.com.

DUBEY, M. (2016, OCTOBER 29). www.nationalskillsnetwork.in. Retrieved FEBRUARY 2018,

from CSR in Skill Development: Avenues,Insights and impact.

Praveen Agarwal, K. C. (n.d.). Skilling the unskilled:Why should companies get involved?

Retrieved February 2018, from www.samhita.org.

Varshney, G. (2016, November 3). Importance of creating a "Skilled" India. Retrieved February

2018, from www.indiainfoline.com.

www.seed.ind.in. (2017, May 28). Retrieved February 2018, from How CSR Skill Development

Training is proving to be helpful in development of entire India.

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CSR PRACTICES TOWARDS GREEN ACCOUNTING WITH REFERENCE TO

SELECTED SME‟S IN VIJAYAPUR CITY

Prashant Hakkapakki and Mallikarjun M. Maradi

ABSTRACT

CSR is a corporation's voluntary initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on

environmental & its protection for social wellbeing. Ministry of Corporate Affairs has recently notified

Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act as well as the provisions of the Companies (CSR Policy)

Rules, 2014 which has come into effect from 1-4-2014.Sustainable development is the organizing principle

for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to

provide the natural resources and ecosystem for the nation development. As the 21st Century continues to be

an age of progress and prosperity, more and more emphasis is being laid on nature and the Environment

that surrounds us. The govt. of India through the new Companies Act of 2013 made CSR mandatory for

Companies who fall within any of the 3 categories mentioned below: 1. Companies having net worth of Rs.

500 crore, 2. Companies having turnover of Rs. 1000 crore or 3. Companies having net profit of Rs. 5 crore.

Every such company that falls in any of the category mentioned above has to spend at least 2% of its average

net profits of the last 3 years on CSR activities and also has to disclose in its Board‟s Report its list of CSR

activities annually. A crash course on linking the economy and the environment.The present study has traced

the CSR practices on green accounting and measure CSR and Sustainable development practices on Green

Accounting in India. This is exploratory research in nature. The relevant data has gathered from both

primary and secondary data and applied statistical techniques such as simple tables, percentile and graphs

for the data analyses and inference. Hence, the study has focused on various measures and precautions

taken by the govt. of India. Therefore, CSR practices towards Green Accounting is very essential for the

study today and tomorrow.

Keywords: CSR, Green Accounting and status of social and Green accounting.

INTRODUCTION:

CSR is a corporation's voluntary initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's

effects on environmental & its protection for social wellbeing. Social responsibility is a form of

self-regulation and self-motivated that businesses adopt as a part of their corporate conscience and

citizenship. Often referred to as corporate social responsibility or CSR, this policy spurs businesses

to develop means to monitor the public‘s social perception of them as a responsible business.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act as

well as the provisions of the Companies (CSR Policy) Rules, 2014 which has come into effect from

1-4-2014.The govt. of India through the new Companies Act of 2013 made CSR mandatory for



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Companies who fall within any of the 3 categories mentioned below: 1. Companies having net

worth of Rs. 500 crore, 2. Companies having turnover of Rs. 1000 crore or 3. Companies having net

profit of Rs. 5 crore. Every such company that falls in any of the category mentioned above has to

spend at least 2% of its average net profits of the last 3 years on CSR activities and also has to

disclose in its Board‘s Report its list of CSR activities annually.

1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

1. Bettina Hodi Hernadi (2012): The author explained that the corporate sustainability is one of

the greatest challenges facing companies. Hence, study aims to show how accounting, as the

language of business and the source of information, can meet the criteria of sustainability. The

research starts out by analyzing the different approaches to corporate sustainability, then it proposes

the reinterpretation of the most important accounting principle, the ‗going concern‘ principle. In the

following section it outlines the characteristics of accounting from the point of view of

sustainability. Finally the author suggested that the ways of transforming green accounting, both in

name and content, into sustainability accounting.

2.RandikaDissanayake, Ali Malik and Tariq Mahmood(2012): The author in this paper

investigates how environmental accounting practices are currently applied in Sri Lanka. Using

particulars and parameters identified in existing literature, author also discusses the extent to which

environmental accounting practices in a developing country differ from those practiced in

developed countries. The methodology consists of primary and secondary data analysis of UK and

Sri Lankan listedcompanies. The results demonstrate that both developed and developing countries

groups are less standardized in clearly exposing their CSR expenses, yet application and assessment

of CSR practices in developed countries are well formalized compared to those in developing

countries.

3. Dr. Minimol M.C and Dr. Makesh K.G (Feb 2014): The author in his opinion expressed that

the responsibility towards environment has become one of the most crucial areas of social

responsibility. Recent years have witnessed rising concern for environmental degradation, which is

taking place mainly in the form of pollution of various types, viz. air, water, sound, soil erosion,

deforestation, etc. Even though Indian corporates comply with the rules and regulations with regard

to environmental protection, till now no clear cut policies are framed and formulated at the

National, State or even at the company level, for ensuring the level of compliance to environmental

norms. The research was intended to find out the major environmental parameters reported by

Indian Corporates as part of their Environmental reporting practice. The study also focused on the

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extent to which Indian Corporates practice, voluntary environmental reporting with regard to the

environmental parameters identified.

4. Dr. Preeti Malik and Dr. Alka Mittal(2015): The author states in his research that the Social

responsibility regarding the environment is one of the crucial areas in today‘s corporate social

responsibility. In order to sustain in this competitive world most of the industrial and corporate

houses globally are incorporating the concept of environmental element in their business

operations. The industrial houses are clear in their perspective that along with the quality in their

businesses they have to incorporate the concept of environment too in order to be successful in their

fields. It has been noticed by the author that major area of concern not only in the field of science

globally. A careful analysis of costs and the benefits of the environmental pollution are very

important now days.Green accounting will help the organizations to identify the resource utilization

and the cost incurred on the eco system by the activities of the industries.

5. Mallikarjun M. Maradi (2015): The researcher indicates that the corporatesocial responsibility

promotes a vision of business accountability to a wide range of stakeholders, besides shareholders

and investors. Key areas of concern are environmental protection and the wellbeing of employees,

the community and civil society in general, both now and in the future. Hence, the research study

has covered 50 entrepreneurs situated in Vijayapur city. The survey has been conducted through

structured questionnaire and data has gathered from the 50 respondents. The author an attempt has

been made in this paper to appreciate the role of entrepreneurs in the CSR in the present scenario.

Research study covered the adverse impacts of negligence of CSR by the corporations and new

entrepreneurs and suggested measure to overcome from possible adverse impacts of the same.

6. Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi and Prof. J.U. Ihendinihu(2016): The research authors was

examined that the impact of environmental and corporate social responsibility accounting on

organizational financial performance of firms in Nigeria. The study was also arranged to determine

the extent to which firms‟ PAT affects the CSR. The research design employed by the author was

exploratory research design. Time series data which comprises CSR, EMC, PBC and PAT of

quoted firms in the NSE were the secondary data used. Statistical tools of Multiple Linear

Regression and student t-test were used for the analysis.

7. Debayan Ray(2017): The research paper concentrated on exploring the concept of environment

accounting (green accounting) and its practices, cost benefit analysis, problems and reporting along

with that current literature focuses on environmental sustainability and lacks quantitative ways to

make capital budgeting decisions at corporate level in India. The author focused on the insight view



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about the cause and effects of environment pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals

and trees/plants and how corporate and industrial houses deal with this by taking remedial steps.

According to author, time is still left in the hands to use the advance resources to balance the

environment for living and initiates the breathed intellectuals to live friendly with environment.

1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Corporate social responsibility is a mechanism of getting attention in the longer period of time.

CSR plays crucial role in delivering independent information on company‘s social and

environmental impact. A new system of sustainable accounting, known as Green Accounting, has

emerged. Environmental accounting practices in a developing country differ from those practiced in

developed countries. Green accounting will help the organizations to identify the resource

utilization and the cost incurred on the eco system by the activities of the industries. The

government of India has declared that all listed companies must be spent 2% of their net profit

during financial year (2013). The paper has covered extensive and intensive literature for

understanding of CSR practices on green accounting followed by SME‘s in Vijayapur city. The

study needs further research work on social responsibility of SME‘s towards green accounting.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

a. To study the historical background of CSR practices towards green accounting.

b. To study the standard CSR practices on green accounting followed by the SME‘s in Vijayapur

city.

c. To appraise the pros and cons of CSR practices on green accounting among selected SMEs in

Vijayapur.

d. To offer suggestions based on findings of the research investigation.

1.5 METHODOLOGY:

The present studyis exploratory research in nature. Thisstudy is based on primary and secondary

data. The primary data has been gathered from open and close ended questionnaire through pilot

study method and the sample size is 25 SMEs has been selected based systematic random sampling

technique. The relevant information had collected from secondary data which already been

published by others such asbooks, journals, magazines, court judgment, reports and concern

websites. The study were carried out through some statistical and demographical techniques used

for data analysis and interpretation such ratios, percentile, and graphs.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The present study had been carried out at Vijayapur city, Karnataka during 2017-18. This research

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study covenants with CSR standard practices, CSR policy towards green accounting, evaluate and

measure the green accounting practices among SME‘s in Vijayapur. The study were limited to 25

respondents sample size and scope of the study limited to Vijayapur city only. This study is covered

minimization of losses to environment such as degradation and distraction. of soil erosion, loss of

bio-diversity, air pollution, water pollution, voice pollution, problem of solid waste, depletion of

non-renewable natural resources and deforestation.

1.7 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING:

The first environmental accounts were constructed in several European countries working

independently of each other. Norway was one of the first. Influenced by the publication of Limits to

Growth (Meadows et al. 1972). Environmental accounting is a tool to supplement environmental

management. Environmental accounting is the practice of using traditional accounting and finance

principles to calculate the costs that business decisions will have on the environment.

Environmental accounting data is not only used by companies or other organizations internally, but

is also made public through disclosure in environmental reports. Accounting for environment has

become increasingly relevant to enterprises because issue of the availability of natural recourses and

pollution of the environment has become the subject of economic, social and political debate

throughout the world. Steps are being taken at the national and international level to protect the

environment and to reduce, prevent and mitigate the effect of pollution.

Measures of Green Accounting in India:



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Forms of Green

Accounting:

(1) Environmental Management Accounting (EMA): Management accounting with a particular

focus on material and energy flow information and environmental cost information. This type of

accounting can be further classified in the following subsystems:

(a) Segment Environmental Accounting: This is an internal environmental accounting tool

to select an investment activity, or a project, related to environmental conservation from among all

process of operations, and to evaluate environmental effects for a certain period.

(b) Eco Balance Environmental Accounting: This is an internal environmental accounting

tool to support PDCA for sustainable environmental management activities.

(c) Corporate Environmental Accounting: This is a tool to inform the public of relevant

information compiled in accordance with the Environmental Accounting. It should be called as

Corporate Environmental Reporting.

(2) Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): It is the Financial Accounting with a particular

focus on reporting environmental liability costs and other significant environmental costs.

(3) Environmental National Accounting (ENA): It is a National Level Accounting with a

particular focus on natural resources stocks and flaws, environmental costs and externality costs,

etc.

(4) Global Environmental Accounting: It deals in the area of economy and environment on

worldwide level.

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CHALLENGES AND MAJOR PROSPECTS OF GREEN ACCOUNTING IN INDIA:

Challenges of Green Accounting in India Major Prospects of Green Accounting in India

1. It is too difficult to convert all the

resources in the environment into

quantitative term or monetary term.

1. The resources would be used more efficiently

leading to lesser wastage and deterioration.

2. There is no appropriate method to find

out the social value of environmental

goods.

2. A concise evaluation would be possible

between the goods and service taken from the

environment and paid back to them.

3. There is no prescribed format for

calculation of environmental resources.

3. General Awareness for preservation of

environment will increase.

4. The managers are not aware of use of

environmental accounting.

4. By preparing environmental accounts, it

would be possible to disclose the disparity of

growth rate between villages or cities.

5. It involves improper assumptions. 5. After the introduction of Liberalization Policy,

directly affects the sustainable development of

an economy.

6. Only few industries in India has a legal

obligation follow Environmental

Accounting.

1.8.1Data Analysis and Interpretation:Table showing the status of disclosers of environmental

and social reporting in selected SME‟s in Vijayapur

Reports Manufacturing Non-

manufacturing

Total

Yes No Yes No

1. Corporate Social reporting 15(60%) 0 8(32%) 2(8%) 25(100%)

2 Social report 12(48%) 1(4%) 11(44%) 1(4%) 25(100%)

3 Green Accounting report 15(60%) 2(8%) 6(24%) 2(8%) 25(100%)

4 Sustainable report 16(64%) 1(4%) 7(28%) 1(4%) 25(100%)

Sources: Field Survey, 2018



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60

%

32

%

0%

8%

48

%

44

%

4%

4%

60

%

24

%

8%

8%

64

%

28

%

4%

4%

STATUS OF REPORT DISCLOSURES

Corporate Social reporting Social Report Green Accounting report Sustainable report

Inference: The above table inferences that the status of disclosures of social and green accounting

followed by manufacturing and non-manufacturing SME‘s in Viajayapur. 60% of the respondent

manufacturing companies are disclosing Corporate Social reporting, 32% non-manufacturing

industries aren‘t disclosing. Social reporting are disclosed at 48% and 44% of manufacturing and

non-manufacturing industries respectively. The study found that the 60% of the manufacturing

industries were preparing and disclosed the green accounting report. Hence, an average 4-5 per cent

of manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries have not disclosing social and green

accounting. Thus, study showed that majority of the manufacturing industries were prepared and

disclosed a social and green accounting reports in their companies annual statements.

1.8.2 Table showing a pattern of information disclosed in selected SME‟s

Reports

Manufacturing Non-manufacturing Total

(%)

Agre

e Neu

tr

al

Dis

ag

ree

Agre

e Neu

tr

al

Dis

ag

ree

1. No information at all to

Green Accounting and Social

Responsibility Accounting

9

(36%) 0

5(20

%)

7(28%

) 1(4%)

3(12%

)

25(10

0)

2. Complete information 15(60

%) 0 0

8(32%

) 2(8%) 0

25(10

0)

3. Only on Social Accounting 11(44%)

3(12%)

1(4%) 7(28%)

2(8%) 1(4%) 25(100)

4. Only Green Accounting 12(48

%) 1(4%) 0

11(44

%) 2(8%) 0

25(10

0)

5. Basic information 10(40%)

5(20%)

0 9(36%)

1(4%) 0 25(100)

Source: Field Survey, 2018

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36

%

60

%

44

%

48

%

40

%

0 0

12

%

4%

20

%

20

%

0

4%

0

28

%

32

%

28

%

44

%

36

%

4%

8%

8%

8%

4%

12

%

0

4%

0 0

1 . N o i n f o r m a t i o n

a t a l l t o G r e e n

Ac c o u n t i n g a n d

S o c i a l

R e s p o n s i b i l i t y

A c c o u n t i n g

2 . C o m p l e t e

i n f o r m a t i o n

3 . O n l y o n S o c i a l

A c c o u n t i n g

4 . O n l y G r e e n

Ac c o u n t i n g

5 . B a s i c

i n f o r m a t i o n

P A T T E R N OF I N F OR M A T I ON D I SC L OSE D

M-Agree M-Neutral M-Disagree NM-Agree NM-Neutral NM-Disagree

Interpretation:

The above graph and table inference that thepattern of information disclosed by manufacturing and

non-manufacturing SME‘s in Vijayapur, 36% of the respondents of manufacturing industries and

28% if the respondents of non manufacturing industries were disclosing information relating to

green accounting and social responsibility accounting. The study revealed that out of the total

respondents 60% and 32% of the respondents are disclosed complete information by manufacturing

and non manufacturing industries respectively.

44% of respondents of manufacturing and 28% of non manufacturing are disclosed only on social

accounting. The study also states that 40% and 36% respondents of manufacturing and non

manufacturing industries are disclosed only the basic information. 20% and 4% respondents of both

the industries are stood neutral. It is noticed that 60% of manufacturing industries are disclosing

their information regarding the reports and the majority of 44% non manufacturing industries are

reporting their information.



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1.8.3 Table showing environmental preservation activities of SME‟s in Vijayapur.

Preservation activities

Manufacturing Non-manufacturing Total

Yes No Yes No

1. Reduction of air, water, sound

pollution and chemical substance

emissions in the environment.

17(68%

)

0 6(24%) 2(8%) 25(100%

)

2. Assessment of environmental

hazards substances in product,

information and green purchase.

15(60%

)

2(8%) 8(32%) 0 25(100%

)

3. Environmental preservation cost

for management.

14(56%

)

1(4%) 10(40%

)

0 25(100%

)

4. R & D cost to reduce

environmental impact

14(56%

)

3(12%

)

6(24%) 2(8%) 25(100%

)

5. Social activities such as greening,

beautification, community event

participation.

13(52%

)

0 12(48%

)

0 25(100%

)

6. Energy conservation. 17(68%

)

0 5(20%) 3(12%) 25(100%

)

7. Waste management and recycling. 15(60%

)

0 10(40%

)

0 25(100%

)

8. Generation of green belt. 16(64%

)

0 9(36%) 0 25(100%

)

9. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas. 15(60%

)

1(4%) 9(36%) 2(8%) 25(100%

)

10. Health safety and environment. 15(60%

)

0 10(40%

)

0 25(100%

)


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Inference:The study highlighted that 68% and 24% of manufacturing and non manufacturing

industries are conducting reduction of air, water, sound pollution and chemical substance emissions

in the environment for environmental preservation. Preservation activity of assessment of

environmental hazards substances in product, information and green purchase are supported by

60% and 32% of respondents from both the industries are maintained.56% and 40% of both the

industries are doing environmental preservation cost for management activity.

Manufacturing industry of 56% and 24% of non manufacturing industry are performing the activity

of R & D cost to reduce environmental impact. Social activities such as greening, beautification,

and community event participation are conducted by 52% and 48% of both the industries. Energy

conservation activity is done by 68% and 20% of the companies.60%, 64%, 60% and 60% of

manufacturing industries are did the activity of waste management and recycling, generation of

green belt, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas and health safety and environment respectively.The

most of the industries are doing energy conservation for environmental preservation showed least

interest on Social activities such as greening, beautification, and community event participation.



251


1.9 FINDINGS:

1. 60% of the respondent manufacturing companies are disclosing Corporate Social reporting, 32%

non-manufacturing industries aren‘t disclosing.

2. The study found that the majority of manufacturing industries were prepared and disclosed social

and green accounting reports.

3. The study revealed that out of the total respondents 60% and 32% of the respondents are disclosed

complete information by manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries respectively.

4. The majority of 44% non-manufacturing industries are reporting their information.

5. 28% if the respondents of non-manufacturing industries were disclosing information relating to

green accounting and social responsibility accounting.

6. 56% and 40% of both the industries are doing environmental preservation cost for management

activity.

7. Manufacturing industry of 56% and 24% of non-manufacturing industry are performing the activity

of R & D cost to reduce environmental impact.

8. Study found that the most of the industries are doing energy conservation for environmental

preservation showed least interest on Social activities such as greening, beautification, and

community event participation.

9. The study highlighted that 68% and 24% of manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries are

conducting reduction of air, water, sound pollution and chemical substance emissions in the

environment for environmental preservation.

10. Fewer respondents SME‘s aren‘t gave any information relating to green accounting and social

accounting.

11. Majority of the respondents are disclosing their complete information regarding their reporting.

12. On an average all manufacturing industries are disclosing information of green accounting.

13. Environmental preservation activities are done to ecofriendly nature. Energy conservation activity is

performed by the SME‘s at more convenient manner‘s

1.10 SUGGESTIONS: Thus, study showed that majority of the manufacturing industries were

prepared and disclosed a social and green accounting reports in their companies annual statements.

Basically need to an encourage companies to spend more on the environment, government may

consider for providing certain incentives and tax exemptions on the expenditure incurred on Green

Accounting and social responsibilityreporting activities.There is an urgent necessity of generally

accepted green accounting standards, to keep pace with the sustainability development. Research

252



and studies should be encouraged in the field of GreenAccounting and Reporting both by the

individuals, concerned organizations and NGOs. Motivate research on different measures to be

taken to solve green accounting problems and social responsibility reporting. Govt. must fund

projects in this area on priority basis to SME‘s in India.

1.11 CONCLUSION:

Disclosure of environmental information on the voluntary basis should be encouraged. The study

showed that the green and social accounting disclosures are low in the corporate sector in India. The

present study has traced the CSR practices on green accounting and measure CSR and Sustainable

development practices on Green Accounting in Viajayapur. Consequently, further research can

investigate the beautification, greenery and social welfare activity efforts made by the SME‘s in

VIjayapur. Only few companies are bound to show the green and social responsibility reports

related matter which is not enough to calculate the environmental degradation. So it is mandatory to

make some stringent standards and methods to calculate environmental degradation which is

effecting our environment on a daily basis.

Reference:

1. Bettina Hodi Hernadi, Green Accounting for Corporate Sustainability, Club of Economics in

Miskolc' TMP, Vol. 8(2), pp. 23-30, 2012.

2.Randika Dissanayake, Ali Malik and Tariq Mahmood, Environmental Accounting in Sri Lanka,

Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 32(1), pp. 1-20, 2012.

3. Dr. Preeti Malik and Dr. Alka Mittal, A Study of Green Accounting Practices in India,

International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), Vol. 4(6), ISSN: 2319–

2828, 2015.

4. Mallikarjun M. Maradi, Cognizance of CSR reporting among leading entrepreneurs in Vijayapur city,

Thematics Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol 5(3), pages- 343-356, ISSN- 2231-4881, 2015.



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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Mr. Sandip Vasant Patil

Student

Chhatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research (CSIBER), Kolhapur.

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Over the years Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a concept comparatively new to India, is rapidly

picking up pace. CSR has become a fundamental business practice and has gained much attention from the

management of large international companies. It facilitates the alignment of business operations with social

values. CSR is deemed as a point of convergence of various initiatives aimed at ensuring socio-economic

development of the community. Acknowledging the fact that mainstreaming CSR into business could be

instrumental in delivering societal value, especially in a developing country like India. This paper

specifically aims at providing on understanding of concept of CSR and analyses the development of CSR

initiatives in Indian firms including SMEs role in CSR. There are several challenges facing CSR in India and

the paper provides suggestions to overcome them and accelerate the CSR initiatives in India.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR initiatives, CSR Challenges, etc.

INTRODUCTION

―A company should have in its DNA, a sense to work for the welfare of the community. CSR is an

extension of individual sense of social responsibility. Active participation in CSR projects is

important for a company‖ - Ratan Tata.

The concept of corporate social responsibility has gained prominence from all avenues. The present

societal marketing concept of companies is constantly evolving and has given rise to a new

concept-Corporate Social Responsibility. Many of the leading corporations across the world had

realized the importance of being associated with socially relevant causes as a means of promoting

their brands. It stems from the desire to do well and get self satisfaction in return as well as societal

obligation of business. As an engine for social progress, CSR helps companies live up to their

responsibilities as global citizens and local neighbors in a fast-changing world.

For Indian businesses CSR can be a source of opportunity, innovation and competitive sustainable

development. Organizations in India have been quite sensible in taking up CSR initiatives and

integrating them in their business processes. It has become progressively projected in the Indian


254



corporate setting because organizations have recognized that besides growing their businesses, it is

also important to shape responsible and supportable relationships with the community at large.


1) To study the concept of CSR.

2) To find out the development of CSR in India and its changing trends.

3) To study the policies governing CSR.

4) To analyze the challenges faced by CSR in India.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research study is an exploratory research. It is related to the performance of Corporate Social

Responsibility in India.

SOURCES OF DATA

However, all the data required for this research work is obtained from secondary sources. Mainly

from journals, magazines, articles, newspapers, books, internet and media reports included.

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

(A) CSR Definition:-

Most definitions describe CSR as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental

concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary

basis.

1) The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD):-

―The continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic

development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as well as of

the local community and society at large‖.

2) Kotler and Lee:-

―Corporate social responsibility is a commitment to improve community well-being through

discretionary, business practices and contribution of corporate resources. Corporate social

initiatives are major activities undertaken by a corporation to support social causes and to fulfill

commitments to corporate social responsibility‖

Corporate social initiatives are major activities undertaken by a corporation to support social causes

and to fulfill commitments to corporate social responsibility.

(B) CSR In India (Origin and Development):-

The concept of CSR has been imbibed in Indian society from the very beginning. Gandhi‘s

philosophy of trusteeship is similar to CSR of the modern world; companies like TATA and BIRLA

have been imbibing the case for social good in their operations for decades long before CSR



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become popular cause. The avid interest in community welfare among the Tata Group dates back to

the 1860‘s when the company was founded by Jamshedji Tata. This explains why nearly two-thirds

of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata Group‘s promoter company, is held by philanthropic trusts,

which have created a host of national institutions in science and technology, medical research,

social studies and the performing arts.

Dr. Kurien‘s Amul-led Operation flood had pioneered inclusive growth through work dairy farmers

at grass-root level, changing lives, enhancing income, empowering women and at the same time

reaping benefits to the business.

At Indian Oil, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been the cornerstone of success right from

inception in the year 1964. The Corporation‘s objectives in this key performance area are enshrined

in its Mission statement: ―to help enrich the quality of life of the community and preserve

ecological balance and heritage through a strong environment conscience‖.

Before Corporate Social Responsibility found a place in corporate lexicon, it was already textured

into the Birla Group‘s value systems. As early as the 1940s, the founder G. D. Birla espoused the

trusteeship concept of management. Simply stated, this entails that the wealth that one generates

and holds is to be held as in trust for our multiple stakeholders. With regard to CSR, this means

investing part of our profits beyond business, for the larger good of society.

Over the years CSR has gained importance in India as companies are realizing the importance of

investing in CSR for achieving benefits of creating share holder value, increased revenue base,

strategic branding, operational efficiency, better access to capital, human and intellectual capital

and lower business risk. CSR has emerged as an effective tool that synergizes the efforts of

Corporate and social sector towards sustainable growth and development of societal objectives at

large.

(C) Changing Trends In CSR: From Charity to Responsibility:-

An insight into the history of CSR reveals that till 1990s it was solely dominated by the idea of

philanthropy. Considering CSR as an act of philanthropy, businesses often restricted themselves to

one time financial grant and did not commit their resources for such projects. Moreover, businesses

never kept the stakeholder in mind while planning for such initiatives, thereby reducing the efficacy

and efficiency of CSR initiatives. However, over the last few years, the concept of CSR has been

changing.

There has been an apparent transition from giving as an obligation or charity to giving as a strategy

or responsibility. Review of the case studies and work done on CSR by companies in India suggests

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that the CSR is slowly moving away from charity and dependence and starting to build on

empowerment and partnership.

(D) Policies Governing CSR in India:-

Today the corporate world has just started seeing the opportunity to help solve the problems CSR

addresses. Private Sector has come out in favor of social responsibility and demonstrated their

support for the Government‘s commitment to provide greater economic opportunities to the

disadvantaged.

Realizing the role that can be played by corporate sector in addressing some of the glaring problems

of a developing nation like India, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is expecting a fund flow of

more than Rs. 10,000 crore a year from private companies for social welfare initiatives as part of

their CSR after Parliament clears the Companies Bill. Once the legislation is ratified by Parliament,

India would become the first country to mandate CSR through a Statutory Provision. According to

the proposal, it will be mandatory for private firms to earmark 2% of their average net profit for

CSR initiatives. The government wants corporate houses to spend the sum in social sectors such as

education and health rather than involving themselves in individual philanthropy. MCA‘s draft

voluntary guidelines on CSR are along global principles such as ethics and transparency, well-being

of employees, human rights, health and safety, use of environment-friendly raw materials,

following regulatory frameworks and larger engagement of stakeholders.

1. Wels pun Energy Ltd (WEL):

Socially responsible and ethical business practices are the defining tenets of Wels pun‘s corporate

philosophy. ASSOCHAM has identifies Wels pun Energy with its CSR Excellence Award 2012.

Wels pun Energy Ltd is part of the $3.5 billion Wels pun Group, which ranks amongst India‘s

fastest emerging conglomerates with businesses in power generation, infrastructure, exploration and

production of oil and natural gas, steel pipes and textiles.

CSR Programs:-

By initiating programs like ‗Training the Trainer‘, Enrolling children in Schools, ‗Healthy Baby

Competition‘ and ‗Skill Development for Women‘, Wels pun Energy has engaged with local

communities to bring a positive change in their lives. Its social inclusion initiatives are beginning to

show transformational results in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Wels pun Energy‘s leadership in also involved in various forums which are focused on sustainable

growth on a global scale; these are – B20‘s Green Growth Action Alliance, World Economic

Forum‘s (WEF‘s) Steering Committee on Sustainable Infrastructure and Urban spirit.



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2. ELIN Appliances Pvt Ltd:-

Elin Appliances Pvt. Ltd. Is an ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certified company established

in May, 2004 in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh has been awarded the CSR award in the category of SME

Sector for manufacturing of Domestic Home Appliances for Philips Electronics Ltd CLS Division.

Corporate by ASSOCHAM Social Responsibility (CSR) has always been an integral part of Elin‘s

corporate policy. The company firmly believes in improving the quality of life of the workforce,

their family and local community.

CSR Programs:-

Elin Appliances Pvt Ltd has pledged amounts equal to 2% of profit after tax (PAT) on a yearly

basis for the Company‘s CSR initiatives, largely to benefit the socially and economical

disadvantaged sections of society. The company invests on the intellectual growth of its note

employees by imparting training related to work and for social cause. As part of their employee‘s

relations, the company encourages active worker participation in the decision making processes.

Good performers are adequately awarded and recognized. Elin Appliances emphasizes on

conservation of natural resources and environment protection. The company has initiated a ―Go

Green Initiative‖ which is tree plantation drive and has vowed to plant and maintain 10,000 plants

by year 2012. Besides, the company distributes tree saplings amongst employees and nearby

villages during the environment week celebrations.

(E) Challenges of CSR in India:-

Although CSR has gained emphasis in India, there are several issues challenging its effectiveness

and reach. A lack of proper understanding of the concept of CSR, non-availability of authentic data

and specific information on the kinds of CSR activities, coverage, policy, etc. are some of the

various challenges facing CSR initiatives. Absence of training and developed staff is additional

problems for reduced CSR initiatives. A survey conducted by Times Group survey elicited

responses from participating organizations about various challenges facing CSR initiatives in

different parts of the country revealed. These are as follows:

1) Lack of community participation in CSR activities:-

There is a lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to CSR activities

of companies. This is largely attributable to the fact that there exists little or no knowledge about

CSR within the local communities as no serious efforts have been made to spread awareness about

CSR and instill confidence in the local communities about such initiatives. The situation is further

aggravated by a lack of communication between the company and the community at the grassroots.

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2) Need to build local capacities:-

There is a need for capacity building of the local non-governmental organizations as there is serious

dearth of trained and efficient organizations that can effectively contribute to the ongoing CSR

activities initiated by companies. This seriously compromises scaling up of CSR initiatives and

subsequently limits the scope of such activities.

3) Issues of transparency:-

Lack of transparency is one of the key issues brought forth by the survey. There is an expression by

the companies that there exists lack of transparency on the part of the local implementing agencies

as they do not make adequate efforts to disclose information on their programmers, audit issues,

impact assessment and utilization of funds. This reported lack of transparency negatively impacts

the process of trust building between companies and local communities, which is key to the success

of any CSR initiative at the local level.

4) Non-availability of well-organized non-governmental organizations:-

It is also reported that there is non-availability of well-organized non-governmental organizations in

remote and rural areas that can assess and identify real needs of the community and work along

with companies to ensure successful implementation of CSR activities. This also builds the case for

investing in local communities by way of building their capacities to undertake development

projects at local levels.

5) Visibility factor:-

The role of media in highlighting good cases of successful CSR initiatives is welcomed as it spreads

good stories and sensitizes the local population about various ongoing CSR initiatives of

companies. This apparent influence of gaining visibility and branding exercise often leads many

non-governmental organizations to involve themselves in event-based programmers; in the process,

they often miss out on meaningful grassroots interventions.

SUGGESTIONS

In order to ensure that CSR is progressively contributing and benefiting, the following suggestions

are given to make CSR initiatives more effective:

1) It is found that there is a need for creation of awareness about CSR amongst the general

public to make CSR initiatives more effective.

2) It is noted that partnerships between all stakeholders including the private sector,

employees, local communities, the Government and society in general are either not

effective or not effectively operational at the grassroots level in the CSR domain. IT is

recommended that appropriate steps be undertaken to address the issue of building effective



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bridges amongst all important stakeholders for the successful implementation of CSR

initiatives. As a result, a long term sustainable perspective on CSR activities should be built

into the existing and future strategies of all stakeholders involved in CSR initiatives.

3) Allocating finance for treating CSR as an investment from which returns are expected is

thinking.

4) Monitoring CSR activities and liaising closely with implementation partners such as NGOs

to ensure that initiatives really deliver the desired outcomes.

5) A long term perspective by organizations, which encompasses their commitment to both

internal and external stakeholders, will be critical to the success of CSR and the ability of

companies to deliver on the goals of their CSR strategy.

CONCLUSION

Now days, CSR is really about ensuring that the company can grow on a sustainable basis, while

ensuring fairness to all stakeholders, CSR has come a long way in India. It has successfully

interwoven business with social inclusion and environment sustainability. From responsive

activities to sustainable initiatives, corporate have clearly exhibited their ability to make a

significant difference in the society and improve the overall quality of life.

In the current social situation in India, it is difficult for one single entity to bring about change, as

the scale is enormous. Corporate have the expertise, strategic thinking, manpower and money to

facilitate extensive social change. Effective partnerships between corporate, NGOs and the

government will place India‘s social development on a faster track.

REFERENCES

1. Philip Kotler and Nancy Lee (2005), ―Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the most good for

your business New Jersey‖, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. C. V. Baxi, Ajit Prasad (2009), ―Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Cases: The

Indian Experience‖, Excel Books India Pvt Ltd.

3. Mahendra Kumar Singh (9th

Feb, 2013), ―Govt. sees 10k crore/yr from CSR spend‖, Times of

India.

4. ―Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in India‖, The Times Foundation, New Delhi.

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THROUGH HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN VIJAYAPUR

Sachin Raju Halajole and Mallikarjun M. Maradi

ABSTRACT

CSR is basically regards to company‟s stakeholders and stockholders of the enterprise with best code of

conduct. In other word, CSR is the ethical behavior of business towards its constituencies or stakeholders.

CSR is the responsibility of the firms operating within society to contribute towards economic, social and

environmental growth that creates competitive advantages on societal utilitarian. As per as Corporate Social

Responsibility is concerned, the Companies Act, 2013 is a landmark legislation that made India the first

country to mandate and quantify CSR expenditure. The details of on corporate social responsibility are

mentioned in the Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013. The Act came into force from April 1, 2014, every

company, private limited or public limited, which either has a net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs

1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the

immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities. Sustainable

development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.

The hospitality industry, given its large footprint both in terms of employment and consumption of natural

resources like food, water, and energy has often been at the forefront of implementing practices geared to

minimize the negative impacts of its business on the environment.This research paper is going to trace CSR

practices and sustainable development with special reference to hospitality industry in Vijayapur,

Karnataka.The study is an exploratory research in nature. The present study is based on primary which will

be gathered through set open and close ended questionnaire by using pilot sampling technique along with

secondary data also used for understand of conceptual phenomena such as books, journals, research papers,

magazines, reports and concern web portals. The study covers some statistical techniques for data analysis

and inference. Thus, study shall focus on major practices of CSR and it helps in sustainable development

through hospitality industries in selected research area during 2017-18.

Keywords: CSR practices, sustainable development and role of hospitality industry.

INTRODUCTION

CSR is a corporation's voluntary initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's

effects on environmental & its protection for social wellbeing. Social responsibility is a form of

self-regulation and self-motivated that businesses adopt as a part of their corporate conscience and

citizenship. Often referred to as corporate social responsibility or CSR, this policy spurs businesses

to develop means to monitor the public‘s social perception of them as a responsible business.



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Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act as

well as the provisions of the Companies (CSR Policy) Rules, 2014 which has come into effect from

1-4-2014. As per as Corporate Social Responsibility is concerned, the Companies Act, 2013 is a

landmark legislation that made India the first country to mandate and quantify CSR expenditure.

Every company either private limited nor public limited, which either has a net worth of Rs 500

crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore, needs to spend at least 2% of its

average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social

responsibility activities.

1.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

1. Nina Rosalind Jenkins and IoannaKaranikola(2014): the researcher explained that thehow

hotels in Dubai, engage in environmental sustainability and what benefits and negativities can be

incurred from such activity, andto determine the extent to which hotels use their own corporate

websites to disseminate information pertaining to their environmental sustainability. The findings

showed that the environmental practices and policies which were the cheapest and easiest to

implement were the most commonly used among hotels, and that hotel companies provided more

corporate online environmental information than independent hotels.

2. VimolboonCherapanukorn& Kirsten Focken (2014): The researchers has indicated that the

tourism and hospitality industry claims to embrace the concept of corporate social responsibility

(CSR). The study has covered that how Asian luxury hotels communicate about their CSR

policies, practices and standards. It gives insights of best practices of CSR from luxury hotel

groups that operate predominantly in Asia. The reporting of CSR activities by the Asian luxury

hotels includes various overall activities, many of which are normal business practices. Many of

these hotel groups are adopting international standards and most of them underline the importance

of the environment and society. The study concludes that the motivation for CSR is oriented

towards sustaining the basis for their operations. The outcome of the research suggested that

further studies should analyze different hotel segments, such as local hotels or small-medium size

hotels, in one particular country or comparing between various countries.

3. Alexandra Bruns-Smith, Vanessa Choy and Howard Chong, RohitVerma(2015): the author

encompasses that the sustainability practices could be considered nearly universal in the lodging

industry, based on a study of 100 resorts in the United States. Among the common green practices

is water conserving fixtures and linen-reuse programs. The study finds an increased willingness to

participate when hotels offer incentives, such as loyalty program points, for participating in

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environmental programs. At the same time, the study did find that environmental sustainability

programs do not diminish guest satisfaction. Consequently, the decision regarding which programs

to implement should rest on cost-benefit analysis and other operating considerations.The author

has glanced about sustainable development in all dimension of a restaurants in USA.

4. Hailu FK andNigatu TF (2015): The global hotel industry is formed by various types of

lodging structures and accommodation services from luxury hotels to bed and breakfast operations,

inns.. These establishments may be owned and/or managed by independent operators, multinational

chains, insurance companies, pension funds, governments and other investors. These enormous

industry, tourism and hospitality and hotel has considerable impact on social, economic, and

environmental conditions around every destination in the world, and enterprises inthissector had the

potential to substantially contribute to sustainable development.

1.2 Need for the study:

Corporate social responsibility is a mechanism of getting attention in the longer period of times

plays crucial role in delivering independent information on company‘s social and environmental

impact. Henceforth, all corporations need to concern regarding social responsibilities such as

responsibilities towards customers, environment, abiding rules and regulations, creditors, debtors‘

investors and other stakeholders. The government of India has declared that all listed companies

must be spent 2% of their net profit during financial year (2013). The philanthropic concepts has

considered while understanding of corporate social responsibility activities. The paper has covered

extensive and intensive literature for understanding of CSR practices by hotels in Vijayapur city.

1.3 Objectives of the study:

1. To study the CSR practices of hospitality industry in Vijayapur.

2. To investigate the sustainable development through hospitality industry in Vijayapur.

3. To find the initiative of hospitality industry followed by the CSR & sustainable

development.

1.4 Methodology:

The present study is exploratory and descriptive research in nature. This study is based on primary

and secondary data. The primary data has been gathered from open and close ended questionnaire

through pilot study method and the sample size is 25 hotels has been selected based on systematic

random sampling technique. The relevant information had been collected from secondary data

which already been published by others such as books, journals, magazines, court judgment, reports



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and concern websites. The study were carried out through some statistical and demographical

techniques used for data analysis and interpretation such ratios, percentile, S. D and graphs.

1.5 Scope of the study:

The present study had been carried out at Vijayapur city, Karnataka during 2017-18. This research

study covenants with CSR standard practices, sustainable development, initiatives of sustainable

development, evaluate and measure the CSR practices taken by the hotels in Viajayapur. The study

was limited to 25 respondenthotels assample size and geographical area is Vijayapur city. The study

covered historical background of CSR, drivers of CSR, sustainable development, and significance

of sustainable development with respect to sustainable development. This study also covered ten

triple CSR practices among hospitality industries in Vijayapur.

1.6 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CSR AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:

There are four levels of social responsibility economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic and they

can be viewed as steps given below. At the most basic level, companies have an economic

responsibility to be profitable so that they can provide a return on investment to their owners and

investors, create jobs for the community, and contribute goods and services to the economy. Of

course, businesses are also expected to obey all laws and regulations. Business ethics, as previously

defined, comprises principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. Finally,

philanthropic responsibility refers to activities that are not required of businesses but promote

human welfare or goodwill. Ethics, then, is one dimension of social responsibility.

Steps of Social Responsibility

Source: Adapted from Archie B. Carroll, ―The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward

the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders,‖ Business Horizons (July–August 1991):

The term corporate citizenship is often used to express the extent to which businesses strategically

meet the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities placed on them by their various

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stakeholders. Reputation is one of an organization‘s greatest intangible assets with tangible value.

The value of a positive reputation is difficult to quantify, but it is very important.

Some of the drivers pushing business towards CSR include:

1. The shrinking role of government: In the governments have relied on legislation and regulation

to deliver social and environmental objectives in the business sector. Shrinking government

resources, coupled with a distrust of regulations, has led to the exploration of voluntary and non-

regulatory initiatives instead.

2. Demands for greater disclosure: There is a growing demand for corporate disclosure from

stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, employees, communities, investors, and activist

organizations to understand the real position of the business.

3. Increased customer interest: There is evidence that the ethical conduct of companies exerts a

growing influence on the purchasing decisions of customers and a recent survey by Environics

International, more than one in five consumers reported having either rewarded or punished

companies based on their perceived social performance.

4. Growing investor pressure: Investors are changing the way they assess companies'

performance, and are making decisions based on criteria that include ethical concerns. Investors

were actively participate in the company‘s performance and they will be proactively involved in the

rivalry activism.

5. Competitive labour markets: Employees are increasingly looking beyond paychecks and

benefits, and seeking out employers whose philosophies and operating practices match their own

principles. In order to screen, hire and retain skilled employees, companies are being forced to

improve and sophistication of working conditions.

6. Supplier relations: As stakeholders are becoming increasingly interested in business affairs,

many companies are taking steps to ensure that their partners conduct themselves in a socially



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responsible manner. Some are introducing codes of conduct for their suppliers, to ensure that other

companies' policies or practices do not tarnish their reputation.

Sustainable Development:

Sustainable tourism development guidelines and management practices are applicable to all forms

of hospitality industries in all types of destinations, including mass tourism and the various niche

tourism segments. Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural

aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three

dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability.

Features of sustainable:

Sco

pe of sustainable:

The importance of sustainable development are as follows:

1. Proper use of ways and resource:Sustainable development teaches people to make low use

of means and resources. The use of mineral oil, drinking water, insecticide, chemical

fertilizer, forest product should be minimized.

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2. Development of +ve attitude:Sustainable development brings about changes in people‘s

knowledge, attitude, and skill. It aware the people of the responsibility to use and preserve,

natural resources like mine, forest, land, herb, etc.

3. Development of elements parts: Sustainable development emphasizes on the progress of

health, education, agriculture, tourism and social reform for the development of human

beings.

4. Development based on people‟s participation: People‘s participation is to be given

priority in development work in order to achieve the aim of sustainable development.

5. Limitations of development: Limited but effective uses of means and resources are enough

for the people to satisfy their basic needs.

6. Long lasting development: Sustainable development aims at achieving the goal of

economic and social development without destroying the earth‘s means and resources.

1.7.1Table showing CSR triple bottom line of Hospitality industries in Vijayapur

Social factors Agree Neutral Disagree Total

1. Contribution of community charity 18(72%) 4 (16%) 3 (12%)

25(100%

)

2. Community health, safety and security 22(88%) 2(8%) 1(4%)

25

(100%)

3. Opener to public & local customer 19(76%) 4(16%) 5(2%)

25(100%

)




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Inference: The above table inferences that the status of the CSR 3 triple bottom line of Hospitality

industries in Vijayapur. The majority 72% of the respondentscompanies‘ spending money of social

factors such as a community charitydevelopment, 88% of the respondents‘ hospitality industries

contributing to community health, safety and security and 76% of the respondents‘ hospitality

industries paying attention towards opener to public & local. 16% of the respondents are neutral

towards contribution to charities, 8% of the respondents were neutral about a community health,

safety and security and16% of the respondents didn‘t shared their opinion about an opener to public

& local customer.

The few industries were disagreedto contribute towardscommunity charityi.e., 12%,again

respondents companies disagreed about community health, safety and security at 4% and opener to

public & local customerat 2%. Hence, the study showed that majority of the hospitality industries

were agreed to contribute towards community charity, health, safety and security and open to

people at large.

1.7.2 Table showing a four economic factors bottom line of Hospitality industries,Vijayapur

Economic Agree Neutral Disagree Total

1. Local supplier and customer (80%)20 (12%)3 (8%)2 25(100%)

2. Average hourly wages & benefits (64%)16 (24%)6 (12%)3 25(100%)

3. Employability for local resident (72%)18 (16%)4 (12%)3 25(100%)

4. local tax paid (96%)24 (4%)1 (0%)0 25(100%)


8% 12% 8%

64%

24%12%

72%

16% 12%

96%

4% 0%

AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE

ECONOMIC FACTOR

Local supplier and customer Average hourly wages & benefits

Employability for local resident local tax paid

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Inference: The above table encompasses that the status of the CSR 4 triple bottom line for

economic factors of hospitality industry in Vijayapur. Most of the hotel industries were agreed that

to take economic development through local suppliers and customer at 80%, 12% were neutral and

8% of the respondents were disagreed to have business relations with localets. The majority 64% of

the respondent hospitality industries were agreed to strengthen employees‘ welfare through average

hourly wages and benefits amongst people of Vijayapur, 24% of the respondents became neutral

and 12% of the respondents disagreed about employees‘ wages and benefits.

72% of the respondents were agreed to generate employability to the local residence, 16% were

neutral and 12% respondents disagreed. Furthermost of the respondents were paying local taxes to

the local government at 96% and only one respondent didn‘t replied. Hence, the study showed that

majority of the hospitality industries were agreed social responsibility with concern to economic

factors such as opportunities for localets, higher remuneration, to generateemployability and paying

proper local taxes.

1.7.3 Table showing a four economic factors bottom line of Hospitality industries,Vijayapur

Environment Agree Neutral Disagree Total

1. Water energy & nautical practices (96%)24 (4%)1 (0%)0 25(100%)

2. Green building & infrastructure (72%)18 (24%)6 (4%)1 25(100%)

3. Work management & initiation (64%)16 (28%)7 (8%)2 25(100%)


Inference:The above table inferences that the status of the CSR 3 triple bottom line for

environmental factors of Hospitality industries in Vijayapur. 96% of the total respondents are

agreed related to preservation of environment factors such as water energy & nautical practices and

only 4% of the respondent company disagreed. The majority 72% of the respondents were agreed to



269


green building & infrastructure, 24% of the respondents were neutral and 4% respondents were

disagree. More no. of the respondent hospitality industries were agreed to work management and

initiated on environmental activities at 64%, 28% were neutral and 3% of the respondents were

disagreed work management and initiation towards environmental activities. Therefore, the

majority of the hospitality industries were already doing preservation of environmental activities at

Vijayapur city.

1.7.4Recycling and reuse programs of selected Hotels in Vijayapur

Agree Neutral Disagree Total

1. Aluminum and metals 4(16%) 19(76%) 2(8%) 25(100%)

2. Paper and cardboard 24(96%) 1(4%) 0(0%) 25(100%)

3. Printer and cartages 25(100%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 25(100%)

4. Plastic and glass 23(92%) 2(8%) 0(0%) 25(100%)

5. Batteries 22(88%) 2(8%) 1(4%) 25(100%)

6. CFL bulbs 24(96%) 1(4%) 0(0%) 25(100%)

7. Electronic equipment 18(72%) 5(2%) 2(8%) 25(100%)

8. Reuse products 23(92%) 1(4%) 1(4%) 25(100%)

9. Soaps and shampoos 0(0%) 3(12%) 22(88%) 25(100%)

10. Cooking oils 22(88%) 3(12%) 0(0%) 25(100%)

Inference: The above table explained that the recycling and reuse programs taken by the hospitality

industries in Viajayapur city, only 16% of the respondents were agreed to recycle Aluminum and

Metals, 76% respondents didn‘t replied and 8% of the respondents were disagreed to recycle the

Aluminum and Metals. 96%, 100% and 92% of the respondents‘ hospitality companies were

reusing paper and cardboard, printer and cartages and plastic and glasses respectively. 96% of the

respondents used CFL bulbs and 72% of the respondents recycling electronic equipment to reduce

nature pollution. 88% of the respondents are not reused soaps and shampoos. Henceforth, the

majority of the hospitality industries are not harming environment but they had tried to pollution

1.8 Finding:

1. The majority 72% of the respondents companies‘ spending money of social factors such as a

community charity development.

2. 16% of the respondents are neutral towards contribution to charities and 8% of the

respondents were neutral about a community health, safety and security.

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3. Most of the hotel industries were agreed that to take economic development through local

suppliers and customer at 80%.

4. 24% of the respondents became neutral and 12% of the respondents disagreed about

employees‘ wages and benefits.

5. 72% of the respondents were agreed to generate employability to the local residence, 16%

were neutral and 12% respondents disagreed.

6. Majority of the respondents were paying local taxes to the local government at 96%.

7. The majority 72% of the respondents were agreed to green building & infrastructure, 24%

of the respondents were neutral and 4% respondents were disagree.

8. 96% of the total respondents are agreed related to preservation of environment factors such

as water energy & nautical practices.

9. More no. of the respondent hospitality industries were agreed to work management and

initiated on environmental activities at 64%.

10. 76% respondents didn‘t replied and 8% of the respondents were disagreed to recycle the

Aluminum and Metals.

11. The majority of the hospitality industries are not harming environment but they had tried

avoid to pollution.

1.9 Suggestions: From the above study it is suggested that most of the hospitality industries are

doing the CSR practices to their sustainable development but they are lacking in their reporting.

The research is conducted by taking into consideration of 10 triple bottom line factors viz. social,

economic and environmental factors. Recycling and reuse programs are undertaken by the

industries to their overall development. Most of the hotel industries were agreed that to take

economic development through local suppliers and customer supports to the CSR activities. The

majority of the hospitality industries are not harming environment but they aren‘t taking any

preservation activities relating to eco friendly environment. Most of the industries were need to be

taking such actions which are environment reliable.

1.10 Conclusion:

CSR is a corporation's voluntary initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company‘s

effects on environmental & its protection for social wellbeing.The research is conducted by taking

into consideration of 10 triple bottom line factors viz. social, economic and environmental

factors.Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of

tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to



271


guarantee its long-term sustainability.Reputationis one of an organization‘s greatest intangible

assets with tangible value. The value of a positive reputation is difficult to quantify, but it is very

important for hospitality industries in Viajyapur. Therefore, many research work to be required to

strengthen economic and environmental development.

Reference:

Nina Rosalind Jenkins and IoannaKaranikola(2014):Do hotel companies communicate their

environmental policies and practices more than independent hotels in Dubai, UAE?,

Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 6 No. 4, 2014, pp. 362-380.

Alexandra Bruns Smith, Vanessa Choy and Howard Chong, RohitVerma(2015): Sustainability in

the Hospitality Industry: Best Practices, Guest Participation, and Customer Satisfaction,

Center for Hospitality Research Publications, Vol-15(3).

VimolboonCherapanukorn& Kirsten Focken, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and

Sustainability in Asian Luxury Hotels: Policies, Practices and Standards, by Canadian

Center of Science and Education, Vol. 10(8), ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025, pp-198-

209

Hailu FK andNigatu TF (2015):Practices and Challenges of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

in the Hospitality Industry: The Case of First Level Hotels and Lodges in Gondar City,

Ethiopia. J Tourism Hospital 4: 184.

Environmental Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Best Practices, Guest Participation, and

Customer Satisfaction. The Center for Hospitality Research (CHR) publication.

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GOOD GOVERNANCE, HEALTH CARE & SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Rajput Sheela S.

Dr. A.G.D. Bendale Mahila Mahavidalaya, Jalgaon

[email protected]

The good done by corporation goes by many name ‗Corporate citizenship‘, ‗Corporate ethics‘,

‗Corporate Social Responsiveness‘, ‗Corporate Philanthropy‘, ‗Societal marketing‘, ‗Social

Marketing and corporate community involvement‘.

Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the important aspects of civilized society in which every

individual is continuously receiving different experiences from the corporate. These experiences

have great influence in developing a character of an individual – society -Nation. It is a

responsibility of corporate to give back to the society, which has given us such a priceless treasure

throughout our life. Every Industry no matter how big or small, it has the larger role to play in this.

As Industry is group of people working for some common cause. It is well known fact that no

Industry can achieve a public respect without fulfilling this important aspect i.e. „Corporate Social

Responsibility‟.

‗Corporate Social Responsibility‘ [CSR] is company‘s obligation to all of its stakeholders in all its

operations and activities with the aim of achieving sustainable development not only in the

economical but also in the social and environmental dimensions. Under Schedule VII section 135,

Company Act 2013, has listed activities which must be included by companies in their Corporate

Social Responsibility policies.

The recent advancement has been appreciated, some argue that Corporations are still not doing

enough or are only acting in self interest. In the present paper attempt is being made to whether

really the corporate are able to fulfill the framework laid under Section 135 of Companies Act 2013

– Corporate Social Responsibilities.

In this paper 2 areas of the CSR latest position update can be studied –

1. Good corporate governance

2. Health care and skill development

1. Good corporate governance itself is a Social Responsibility. Some social thinkers even view,

in the Indian context, that good corporate governance, itself is an ingredient of Corporate Social

Responsibility. Corporate democracy, Professional management, transparency, and maximization




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of long term share holder‘s values are attributes of good corporate governance. But still today

many of the corporate do not follow good corporate governance as their social responsibility.

In 2017, 20 Banks with highest NPA ratio were listed, out of which 18 were Public Sector Bank and

2 were Private Sector Bank.

NPA Ratio in June 2016 was 8.42 which reach to 10.21 in June 2017.

Performance of Banks with respect of NPA‘s has not been positive. While it was largely expected

that the NPA Ratio would have settled by March 2017, as there were indications of stabilization

relative to December 2017. But the picture is that NPA‘s have deteriorated further for the whole

system as whole.

Corporate are one of the sector / elements which shifted Bank towards merging or shown negative

performance of Bank Branch.

On the one hand if corporate are expected to make and fulfill CSR as per the Companies Act, 2013,

and on other hand if they are loan defaulter [NPA]. Then the next socio – economic problem has

arised. This issue needs proper study, discussion and control from the side of Government and

Law. Whether really, the nation has been benefited from the social benefits provided by Corporate

or are the corporate just fulfilling the CSR clause.

2] Health care and skill development

(i) Promoting health care including preventive health care and

(ii) Promoting education, including special education and employment enhancing vocational skills

especially among children, women elderly and the differently able and livelihood enhancement

projects.

Farmer suicide has been the major social problem in India, because we are still rain based economy.

Farmer is goes or becomes bankrupt. Indian farming contributes 13.7% of GDP. It is responsible

for 50% of employment. By constract only 2% of us jobs are from farming. The inference in

escapable – we need to look at alternative jobs for farmers families.

On the other hand the popular perception is Health sector is having jobs opportunities 8 trillion, is

the world‘s largest industry and IT is 3-4 trillion, Oil 2 trillion, Automobiles – 2 trillion.

According to US bureau of labour statistics out of the 20 fastest growing US occupations 9 are in

health care. Unfortunately, none of the 9 training and licensing system existing in India.

According to the World Bank, there will be demand for 80.2 million health workers across the

world in coming 13 years. We should train rural youth to becomes Doctors, Nurses and paramedics

for the world. By creating a parallel medical education predominantly for the western market. We

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can demonstrate high quality accordable medical education, at the same time making a big impacts

on our rural economics.

The nursing profession is not attracting talent in India because of lack of carrier progressions.

Recognition by the Statutory Body is important for skill building. In health care there are many

areas where skill education can be given. Rural youth, women can take benefit of this, the problem

of farmer suicides can be reduced. The farmers need not depend on rain base occupation if health

care skill training are given.

Corporate has abundant scope to prove them there social responsibility in the field of -Health Care

- converting district hospitals as medical, nursing and paramedical schools to train 5 million

doctors, nurses and paramedics for the global requirements.

Skill Training and Development – India is missing ―Health Revolution‖, which needs changing of

our policies governing medical and nursing education. Health sector creates ―Top lines jobs‖ as

specially for semi skilled and unskilled youth.

At the end we can conclude corporate are still far from the health sector revolution, what the World

is facing.

Corporate also needs to have good corporate governance which will indirectly uplift the socio –

economic picture of the nation. Health care and skill development can go for participatory

planning, implementation, monitoring method of CSR in rural, urban and tribal development –

community development.

References –

Taxman‘s Companies Act, 2013 with rules

Chartered Secretary – A journal for corporate professionals – volume 47/ No - - 11/Nov

2017

Corporate Social Responsibility – Dr Parag Narkhede – Prashant Publications

www.The Hindu Businessline.com August 17, 2017

www. The Times of India – Mumbai 2018-02-01

http://www.the/



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A MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CSR PRACTICES IN INDIA: A

LITERATURE REVIEW

Revati R. Patil

(Asst. Professor,

CSIBER, Kolhapur)

Abstract:

This paper presents a roadmap of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses the scholar‟s

views on CSR and highlights the practices that have adopted or are currently adopting in India.

Results showed that CSR implications in India are progressively managing.There is no general

definition of CSR; however, various concepts are connoted into it. An initial conceptual framework

for CSR is drawn reflecting the current practices and prospects for disciplinary strategies. Such

framework can be used in organizing and streamlining CSR elements.

Key Words: corporate social responsibility, CSR practices and CSR initiatives.

Introduction:

With the passage of the Companies Act, 2013 the mandate for corporate social responsibility (CSR)

has been formally introduced to the dashboard of the Boards of Indian companies. The industry has

responded positively to the reform measure undertaken by the government with a wide interest

across the public and private sector, Indian and multinational companies. The practice of CSR is not

new to companies in India. However, what this Act does is bring more companies into the fold.

Also, it is likely that the total CSR spends will increase. What is clear to many companies is that if

this increased spending is to achieve results on the ground – which is the intent of the Act – then it

needs to be done strategically, systematically and thoughtfully.

(Rakesh Bharti Mittal Chairman, CII‘s Development Initiative Council and Vice Chairman and

Managing Director, Bharti Enterprises)

On this context, the Multidimensional Literature Review On CSR Practices in India has to be

taken in the present research article by the author. The roots of CSR lie in Philanthropic activities

(such as donations, charity, relief work, etc.) of corporations, globally, the concept of CSR has

evolved and now encompasses all related concepts such as triple bottom line, corporate citizenship,

philanthropy, strategic philanthropy, shared value, corporate sustainability and business

responsibility. Philanthropy and CSR is not a novel concept for Indian companies, however a few

organizations are likely to struggle.

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The role of civil society in fuelling this change is bound to be extremely important. With the new

corporate resources in their tool bag much will depend on their ability to innovate and adapt.

(Harpal Singh Mentor and Chairman Emeritus,Fortis Healthcare Limited).

Thus both the scholarly views expects strategic, systematic and thoughtful intervention of civil

society with innovative and adaptable approach towards CSR.

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF CSR:

The EC defines CSR as ―the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society‖. To

completely meet their social responsibility, enterprises ―should have in place a process to integrate

social, environmental, ethical human rights and consumer concerns into their business operations

and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders‖

The WBCSD defines CSR as ―the continuing commitment by business to contribute to economic

development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the

community and society at large.‖

According to the UNIDO, ―Corporate social responsibility is a management concept whereby

companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions

with their stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company

achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives.

CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of

economic, environmental and social imperatives (Triple-Bottom-Line Approach), while at the same

time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders.

In this sense it is important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a strategic business

management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy. Even though the latter can also

make a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will directly enhance the reputation of a

company and strengthen its brand, the concept of CSR clearly goes beyond that.‖

From the above discussion on various definitions, we can understand that: The CSR approach is

holistic and integrated with the core business strategy for addressing social and environmental

impacts of businesses. CSR needs to address the well-being of all stakeholders and not just the

company‘s shareholders. Philanthropic activities are only a part of CSR, which otherwise

constitutes a much larger set of activities entailing strategic business benefits.

SCOPE AND OVERVIEW OF THE PAPER:

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the scholars views on CSR and highlights the practices

that have adopted or are currently adopting in India. This paper is structured as follows. The first



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section discusses brief view of CSR in India, The second section outlines the Visuals Of CSR In

India and In the third section, Literature Review demonstrate how CSR implications are going at

various strolls of life with different perspective.

BIRD‟S EYE VIEW OF CSR IN INDIA:

CSR in India has traditionally been seen as a philanthropic activity. And in keeping with the Indian

tradition, it was an activity that was performed but not deliberated. As a result, there is limited

documentation on specific activities related to this concept. However, what was clearly evident that

much of this had a national character encapsulated within it, whether it was endowing institutions to

actively participating in India‘s freedom movement, and embedded in the idea of trusteeship.

As some observers have pointed out, the practice of CSR in India still remains within the

philanthropic space, but has moved from institutional building (educational, research and cultural)

to community development through various projects. Also, with global influences and with

communities becoming more active and demanding, there appears to be a discernible trend, that

while CSR remains largely restricted to community development, it is getting more strategic in

nature (that is, getting linked with business) than philanthropic, and a large number of companies

are reporting the activities they are undertaking in this space in their official websites, annual

reports, sustainability reports and even publishing CSR reports.

The Companies Act, 2013 has introduced the idea of CSR to the forefront and through its disclose-

or-explain mandate, is promoting greater transparency and disclosure. Schedule VII of the Act,

which lists out the CSR activities, suggests communities to be the focal point. On the other hand, by

discussing a company‘s relationship to its stakeholders and integrating CSR into its core operations,

the draft rules suggest that CSR needs to go beyond communities and beyond the concept of

philanthropy. It will be interesting to observe the ways in which this will translate into action at the

ground level, and how the understanding of CSR is set to undergo a change.

VISUALS OF CSR IN INDIA:

Today business environment becomes increasingly complex and stakeholders gradually and

prominently expressing about their expectations, good CSR practices can only bring in greater

benefits, some of which are as follows:

Communities provide the license to operate: Apart from internal influencing elements such as

values and ethos, some external elements that influence corporate behavior includes government

recommended laws and regulations. investors and customers. In India many companies have started

realizing that the ‗license to operate‘ is no longer given by governments alone, but communities that

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are benefited by a company‘s business operations. Thus, CSR practices that meets the aspirations of

these communities not only provides them with the license to operate, but also to maintain the

license, thereby improving image in the eyes of the government.

Attracting and retaining employees: Several human resource studies today have assessed a

company‘s ability to attract, retain and motivate employees with their CSR awareness. Interventions

that encourage and enable employees to participate are shown to increase employee morale and a

sense of belonging to the company.

Communities as suppliers: There are certain innovative CSR initiatives emerging, wherein

companies have invested in enhancing community livelihood by incorporating them into their

supply chain. This has benefitted communities and increased their income levels, while providing

these companies with an additional and secure supply chain.

Communities as suppliers: There are certain innovative CSR initiatives emerging, wherein

companies have invested in enhancing community livelihood by incorporating them into their

supply chain. This has benefitted communities and increased their income levels, while providing

these companies with an additional and secure supply chain.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

After considering the above discussed contents of CSR practices the author insights in

heterogeneous aspects linked with the CSR. Literature is available in the specific context of 'CSR‘

therefore deserves a brief review. It would be relevant to mention here some pillars of the notable

works as a part of the background to the present study as follows:

1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) From An Ancient Indian Perspective Balakrishnan

Muniapan and Mohan Dass in this paper, have made an attempt to explore the philosophy of

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) from an ancient Indian perspective. A review of literature

in CSR shows that there are thousands of articles which have been written by several academics

on this subject from numerous perspectives, but limited articles written about CSR from the

philosophical, historical and from the ancient perspectives. As a result, this article not only fills

the gap in the literature, but also provides insights on CSR philosophy from the ancient Indian

perspective. In the Indian context, the origin of CSR can be traced from the Vedic literatures

such as the Valmiki Ramayana, the Mahabharata (includes the Bhagavad-Gita) and the Puranas.

These literatures were written more than 5,000 years ago in Sanskrit language. However, in this

paper the authors will explore CSR philosophy from Kautilya's Arthasastra, which was also

written in Sanskrit in the 4th century BC. This paper is based on hermeneutics, a qualitative

https://www.inderscienceonline.com/author/Muniapan%2C+Balakrishnan


https://www.inderscienceonline.com/author/Dass%2C+Mohan



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research methodology which involves study, understanding and interpretation of ancient or

classical text. By using the above methodology, the authors reveal some ancient lessons on

CSR, which can provide guidance to corporate leaders today. In a nutshell, the Kautilya's

Arthasastra provides an inside-out approach to CSR, which is development of the individual

leader's self conscience, contrary to the western approach that takes an outside-in perspective.

The leaders and the role they play in corporations are crucial in ensuring transparency, good

conduct and governance towards the ultimate aim of achieving CSR.

2. Significance CSR Holds For Indian Companies

Under this heading report prepared by SSJ Solutions has been reviewed which includes,

i. The Emergence of CSR

The strategic imperative for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) continues to build as both

the social need and the business case for corporate giving grow over time. From the early

beginnings in the 1950‘s with the proposal that corporations should focus on more than just

profit, CSR has developed into an integrated approach of social involvement. The initial

attempts at philanthropy in the form of charitable donations for the sake of positive publicity

have become programs that reach to the core business of corporations and involve all levels of

employees. Ratan Tata, former chairman of the Tata Group has signed up to a new global

experiment christened Plan B, which seeks to infuse

businesses with a new DNA that puts people and planet alongside profits. The prevalent Plan A

in which companies relentlessly pursue profits to the detriment of the other two - according to

its members - is no longer acceptable for 'future incentives' it was about time to initiate new

dialogues and adopt multi-stakeholder approaches to maximize returns even for the people and

planet. It was also decided that the leaders would work towards fostering values at the

workplace and help develop leaders driven by a moral compass.

ii. Law on CSR

In the new Indian Companies Bill, the section mandating CSR spending by large companies

came as a surprise to many CEOs and philanthropists. Under this new Bill, guidelines state that

companies have to spend 2% of net profits on CSR activities. It is not the spending that is

mandatory but the reporting on how much was spent on CSR that has been made compulsory.

The aim is to protect the interests of employees and small investors while encouraging firms to

undertake social welfare voluntarily.

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iii. Rationale

1. To achieve a balance among its economic, social, and environmental responsibilities.

2. An effective approach to CSR can open up new opportunities, and increasingly contribute to the

corporates‘ ability to attract passionate and committed workforces.

3. To build the relationship with business in the community and with Local Authorities.

iv. Driving forces for CSR:

Creating a synergy of ethics, a cohesive society and a sustainable global economy where markets,

labor and communities are able to function well together. It is believed that there is growing

consciousness among corporates, and general sense of belonging to community and society.

Companies considered active participation in the community to be fundamental driver of CSR. The

demonstration by a corporation that it takes into account its complete impact on society and the

environment as well as its economic influence. CSR is looked up as an important aspect of image

building and goodwill which is one of the ways smart companies benefit from sustainability.

v. How Are The CSR Programs Implemented?

“It is not necessary to have a CSR department for functioning for CSR, we have our forums and

NGO‘s responsible for implementing CSR activities.‖ CEO, Software Company 12% Internal to

organization Part of HR By top management/CEO CSR department 15% External to organization

Both NGO Company's foundation.

vi. CSR Funding Analyses

―Proper auditing of all the CSR initiatives is required to ensure that funds are not being misused and

the funds are utilized to support the beneficiaries‖. CMD, Travel and Tourism Corporation

vii. CSR Maturity Model

CSR vision and strategy clarifies with maturity. Most successful organizations implemented CSR

planning in stages. CSR Performance measures are integrated for both business and society.

Stakeholder engagement and communication becomes more effective with maturity. CSR practices

become more focused, frequent, and flexible. CSR value creation and integration increases with

maturity. KRA‘s are established for better CSR implementation. Major CSR initiatives found in

Health Care and Environment Friendly Practices. Thus the study concludes with insights in

significance CSR holds for Indian companies, provide a clear picture of present CSR initiatives

undertaken by the companies and its contribution to Indian society. Explored various changes or

innovations Indian companies have brought up in their CSR initiatives. With Companies Bill passed

on mandate CSR spending help to have an insight of the company‘s investment in CSR initiatives.



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3. CSR and its Relationships with Stakeholders for the Common Good

a. This undertakes the report prepared by Jana Foundation on Modern CSR - A shift from profit

maximization to Profit optimization and Shareholders to Stakeholders The report focuses on

Business Perspective

Focuses on the importance of ‗reputation capital‘ for capturing and sustaining markets. CSR is

nothing but a new business strategy to reduce investment risk and maximise profits by taking all

the stakeholders into confidence.

Eco - Social Perspective

Recognises the fact that social and environmental stability and sustainability are two major

prerequisites for sustainability of the market in the long run. CSR is both a value and a strategy

for ensuring sustainability of a business.

Right - Based Perspective

Focuses on the fact that consumers, employees, stakeholders and affected communities have a

right to know about corporations and their businesses. It stresses accountability, transparency,

and social and environmental investment as major aspects of CSR.

The report further hightlights on spiritual dimensions of CSRsuch as,

Kautilya On CSR: Kautilya emphasized ethical practices and principles while conducting

business.

CSR & Hinduism: Merchants belonging to the Hindu religion gave alms, got temples and

night shelters made for poor. Hindus followed Dharmada where the manufacturer or seller

charged a specific amount from the purchaser which was used for charity.

CSR & Islam: Islam had a law called Zakaat which ruled that a portion of one‘s earning must

be shared with the poor in the form of donation.

CSR & Sikhism: Similar to Islam‘s zakat, Sikhs followed what they called daashaant.

In this context the following comment is more supportive. Meeting the legal requirement and

adhering to public and society norms will motivate companies to undertake CSR initiatives and

fulfill its social obligations.

“CSR is the pre-requisite of the very existence of business today‖.

Executive – HR, Pan India Banking and Insurance Company

b. Nilesh Vitthal Limbore And Ajit Ashokrao Chandgude in their case study

“A Review of the Current Scenario of Corporate Social Responsibility in It Business Sector with

the Special Reference to Infosys. ―with the objectives of to study the corporate social responsibility

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to current scenarios in IT business sector, to study the case of corporate social responsibility to

current scenarios in Infosys and to study the benefits of corporate social responsibility to current

businesses in India tried to have insight in all the CSR bottom-line approach.

The study further concentrates on CSR in Infosys such as In1996, Infosys created the Infosys

Foundation in the state of Karnataka, operating in the areas of health care, social rehabilitation and

rural uplift, education, arts and culture. Since then, this foundation has spread to the Indian states of

Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Orissa and Punjab. The Infosys Foundation is

headed by Mrs. Sudha Murthy, wife of Chairman Narayana Murthy. Since 2004, Infosys has

embarked on a series of initiatives to consolidate and formalize its academic relationships

worldwide under the umbrella of a program called AcE – Academic Entente. Through case study

writing, participation in academic conferences and university events, research collaborations,

hosting study trips to Infosys Development Centers and running the In Step Global Internship

Program, the company communicates with important stakeholders in the academia.

From the above discussion on the CSR practices of Infosys researcher conclude that from ancient

days to this global world CSR is passing through various dimensions. This concept is having deep

roots in India. From old days to this globalization, Indian cooperators are aware about their social

responsibility, because media culture is based on pure holistic approach and this is the main reason

of success of Indian economy and business world. Also the Infosys are plays very vital role in

corporate social responsibility in current Indian scenario. The management team at Infosys

continues to set examples in the area of corporate citizenship and has involved itself vigorously in

key national bodies. Infosys has enormously large activate group to done corporate social

responsibility in India.

CONCLUSION:

In today‘s world it is no longer just acceptable that a corporation does well by doing good. It is

expected Companies are subjected to new levels of transparency, whether in terms of demands for

greater disclosure and corporate governance. On this backdrop certain questions have raised which

certainly helps to have inclusive CSR practices.

Does Public plus Private partnership on CSR is expected now ?

Yes, the government has set out specific guidelines on how CSR activities should be handled.

These stipulate that the CSR activities need to be implemented by a CSR committee that

includes independent directors. This committee will be responsible for preparing a detailed plan



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on CSR activities, finding right NGO partner to project the idea its impact on society and

alignment of CSR with social development is needed.

CSR practices with credit worthy NGO‘s is required? It ensures Corporate-NGO partnerships

in CSR activities: why and how?.

Because creating a CSR department may entail significant costs, such as increased headcount,

overhead, and administrative expense, many companies may choose to implement their CSR

activities through NGOs, such as the existing societies, trusts, or foundations that the New Act

contemplates. It is found that 50%-60% funds are used in development processes. Further it is

observed that 60%-70% placements have done through CSR. Hence it is necessity to check

credibility of NGO‘s.

Does extent of Youth intervention in CSR is significant?

Yes, among others. Companies prioritized sport-based efforts towards children and youth. In

practice, CSR through sport is done via partnerships and sponsorship. Concrete ways for

implementation such as planning facilities and organizing a youth academy were found.

Surprisingly, majority of the companies are only concentrated on Feel good factor of CSR.

Instead maximum participation of youth through field visits and study tours is possible also

alignment of educational institutions with creditworthy NGO‘s is needed.

As a corporate what are the challenges in engaging CSR?

Here we can apply TATA Trust‘s employee engagement policy. As a trust is working

independently, they are focusing on employee has to be shifted in CSR volunteers around 50%

to 60% employees becomes volunteers and Trust made it habit for them then such habit

converted into CSR culture. It requires clear basis of CSR. Monetary assessment, impact

assessment and need assessment is significant. Further required minimum three years action

plan with Institute, Corporate, NGO and Government alignment.

Does CSR is Patch Up Value?

Such type of criticism on CSR are obvious but it's easy for companies to talk up their

commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) during the good times, until they hit

rough patches. ―The real test is how companies live up to those values. How they integrate them

into their business and how they stay true to them‖. For the better results companies have to

develop confidence building mechanism among themselves.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Philip Kotler, Nancy Lee, Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your

Company and Your Cause, Wiley, 2005.

William B. Werther, Jr., David Chandler, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Stakeholders in

a Global Environment, Sage Publications, Inc, 2006.

Steven K. May, George Cheney, Juliet Roper, The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility,

Oxford University Press, 2007.

Jacqueline Cramer, Fred Bergmans, Learning about Corporate Social Responsibility: The Dutch

Experience, IOS Press, 2003.

Andrew Crane, Abagail McWilliams, Dirk Matten, Jeremy Moon, Donald S. Siegel, The Oxford

Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford Handbooks, 2008.

Handbook on Corporate Social Responsibility in India ( www.pwc.in)

Balakrishnan Muniapan, Mohan Dass International Journal of Indian Culture and Business

Management, Volume 1, Issue 4 DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2008.018622 Corporate Social

Responsibility: a philosophical approach from an ancient Indian perspective

Research on Corporate Social Responsibility in India July, 2013 SSJ Solutions .

Evolution of CSR in India, Jana Foundation, Modern CSR - A shift from profit maximization to

Profit optimization and Shareholders to Stakeholders.

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Financial and Non Financial Performance of

Select BSE Listed Companies.

Nilesh Vitthal Limbore And Ajit Ashokrao Chandgude “A Review Of The Current Scenario Of

Corporate Social Responsibility In It Business Sector With The Special Reference To

Infosys.‖ Volume 2, Issue. 9, March. 2013 Golden Research Thoughts ISSN:-2231-5063

WEBLEOGRAPHY:

http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4636

http://www.tkf.org.in/corporate-social-responsibility-in-india.php

http://timesfoundation.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4662536.cms

http://www.junoconsulting.com.au/articles/Making_Sense_of_Corporate_

Social_Responsibility_Part_II

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/corporate-social-responsibility/index_

en.htm

http://www.pwc.in/


https://www.inderscienceonline.com/author/Dass%2C+Mohan

https://www.inderscienceonline.com/loi/ijicbm



https://www.inderscienceonline.com/toc/ijicbm/1/4

http://www.junoconsulting.com.au/articles/Making_Sense_of_Corporate_%20Social_Responsibility_Part_II

http://www.junoconsulting.com.au/articles/Making_Sense_of_Corporate_%20Social_Responsibility_Part_II



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A STUDY OF STUDENT‟S PERCEPTION TOWARDS CSR WITH SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO POST GRADUATE STUDENTS OF KOLHAPUR

Ms.Anuradha Gaikwad,

Faculty at CSIBER

Ms. Bhakti Bhadra,

TPO and Career Development Centre Head at CSIBER

Abstract:

Today it has become very imperative for the consumers and employees to understand the concept of

CSR as sustainable products play an important role in growth and development of an organization

and a country as a whole. Corporate Social responsibility gives an opportunity to the employees

and consumers to contribute towards the society. And to do so, it is essential that the students who

are the future employees as well as consumers are well aware of the term CSR.

As the youth is going to play an important role in the society, this paper aims to study the Post

Graduate students awareness and their perception about CSR .

Keywords: Perception, CSR, Post Graduate Students, Consumer Behavior

1. Introduction:

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship,

social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business)is a form of

corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-

regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the

spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. CSR is a process with the aim to

embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its

activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other

members of the public sphere who may also be considered stakeholders.

1.1 CSR as a Concept:

Definition

We define corporate social responsibility strategically. Corporate social responsibility encompasses

not only what companies do with their profits, but also how they make them. It goes beyond

philanthropy and compliance and addresses how companies manage their economic, social, and

environmental impacts, as well as their relationships in all key spheres of influence: the workplace,

the marketplace, the supply chain, the community, and the public policy realm. – the President and

fellows Harvard University.

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John Boatright defines CSR as bringing corporate behaviour up to a level where it is congruent with

prevailing social norms, values and expectations of performance.

According to the World Bank CSR is no longer seen as corporate social assistance or philanthropy,

but as a essential strategy, helping reduce investment risks and enhancing business profits by

improving transparency and accountability. It is about working together – with government, with

civil society and with the community to improve the lives of millions of people by making growth

more inclusive.

The term "corporate social responsibility" is often used interchangeably with corporate

responsibility, corporate citizenship, social enterprise, sustainability, sustainable development,

triple-bottom line, corporate ethics, and in some cases corporate governance. Though these terms

are different, they all point in the same direction: throughout the industrialized world and in many

developing countries there has been a sharp escalation in the social roles corporations are expected

to play. Companies are facing new demands to engage in public-private partnerships and are under

growing pressure to be accountable not only to shareholders, but also to stakeholders such as

employees, consumers, suppliers, local communities, policymakers, and society-at-large. According

to Archie Carroll (1991), a firm’s pyramid of CSR starts with economic responsibilities and

continues with legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities respectively, Carroll‘s Four Part

Definition.

The term "corporate social responsibility" became popular in the 1960s and has remained a term

used indiscriminately by many to cover legal and moral responsibility more narrowly construed.

Proponents argue that corporations make more long term profits by operating with a perspective,

while critics argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of businesses. McWilliams and

Siegel's article (2000) published in Strategic Management Journal, cited by over 1000 academics,

compared existing econometric studies of the relationship between social and financial

performance. They concluded that the contradictory results of previous studies reporting positive,

negative, and neutral financial impact were due to flawed empirical analysis. McWilliams and

Siegel demonstrated that when the model is properly specified; that is, when you control for

investment in Research and Development, an important determinant of financial performance, CSR

has a neutral impact on financial outcomes.

Some argue that CSR is merely window-dressing, or an attempt to pre-empt the role of

governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations. Political sociologists became

interested in CSR in the context of theories of globalization, neo-liberalism, and late capitalism.



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Adopting a critical approach, sociologists emphasize CSR as a form of capitalist legitimacy and in

particular point out that what has begun as a social movement against uninhibited corporate power

has been co-opted by and transformed by corporations into a 'business model' and a 'risk

management' device, often with questionable results.

CSR is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for and

will uphold to its consumers. Development business ethics is one of the forms of applied ethics that

examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment.

ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR. Public sector organizations (the United

Nations for example) adhere to the triple bottom line (TBL). It is widely accepted that CSR adheres

to similar principles but with no formal act of legislation.

2. CSR in India

However, what was ethical or even discretionary in Carroll’s model is becoming increasingly

necessary today because of the changing environment within which businesses operate and

because the ethical responsibilities are more likely to stand on a par with economic and legal

responsibilities as foundational for business success. CSR can be a way of matching corporate

operations with societal values at a time when these parameters are changing rapidly. As such,

ethical behavior is a prerequisite for strategic CSR. A company’s ethical behavior is the mirror

image of its culture, a shared set of values and guiding principles deeply ingrained throughout

the organization (Paine, 1994), and the ethical behavior and culture become part of the

definition of corporate identity.

As far is India is concerned the recent amendments to the Company Law 1956 have made it

compulsory for certain organisations to implement mandatory CSR activities.

Law mandates that all companies, including foreign firms, with a minimum net worth of Rs

500 cr, turnover of Rs 1,000 cr and net profit of at least Rs 5 cr, spend at least 2% of their

profit on CSR

With the implementation of the new company law from April 1, India has become the only country

in the world with legislated corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a spending threshold of up to

$2.5 billion (Rs15,000 crore). The new Companies Act 2013 that came into effect from April 1,

2014, replaced six-decade old legislation Companies Act 1956. CSR has been made mandatory

under the new regulation and there are provisions of penalties, in case of failure.

The new law mandates that all companies, including foreign firms, with a minimum net worth of

Rs 500 crore, turnover of Rs1,000 crore and net profit of at least Rs 5 crore, spend at least two

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percent of their profit on CSR.

According to industry estimates, around 8,000 companies will fall into the ambit of the CSR

provisions and this would translate into an estimated CSR spend of $1.95 billion to $2.44 billion.

With higher economic growth and increase in companies profits, this mandatory spending will go

up. "India is the only country that has made legislation for CSR spending," SaiVenkateshwaran,

partner and head of accounting advisory services at KPMG India, told IANS.

He said the new law would lead to a significant increase in spending by companies on CSR

activities.

"Many big companies have been actively engaged in the CSR activities, but the number is low. The

new law will lead to a significant increase in the numbers," said Venkateshwaran, adding the

mandated spending would be in the range of Rs10,000crore to Rs15,000 crore annually.

Venkateshwaran said that the industries' concerns about the new legislation were largely related to

taxation and limit on activities that fall under the ambit of CSR.

The Confederation of Indian Industries has come out with a handbook on Corporate Social

Responsibility in India.

Every company having net worth of INR 5000 million or more, or turnover of INR 10000

million or more or net profit of INR 50 million or more during any financial year will have

to comply with the CSR provisions as laid down under the Act.

If any of the above financial strength criteria is met, the qualifying company is mandatorily

required to spend at least 2 percent of the average net profit of past three financial years on

specified CSR activities.

While the threshold limit of net worth criteria and the turnover criteria are kept higher, the

net profit threshold limit of mere INR. 50 million will bring majority of companies under

the CSR net.

Under the draft CSR rules, net profit is defined to mean ‗net profit before tax‘ as per books

of accounts and shall not include profits arising from branches outside India.

While the reporting framework under the draft CSR rules suggest that the unspent amount of

the specified CSR spend to be rolled over to the succeeding financial years, it does not

clarify whether the excess spend of over and above 2 percent mandatory CSR spend in any

particular financial year can be carried forward in succeeding financial year or not.



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What constitutes eligible CSR spend

Activities which may be considered as eligible CSR spend are provided in Schedule VII of

the Act. The specified activities are as under:

1. Environment sustainability

2. Empowering women and promoting gender equality

3. Education

4. Poverty reduction and eradicating hunger

5. Social business projects

6. Reducing child mortality & improving maternal health

7. Improvement of health

8. Imparting of vocational skills

9. Contribution towards Central & State Government funds for socio-economic

development and relief

10. Such other matters as may be prescribed

3. Objectives of the Study:

Awareness of the PG students with respect to CSRconcept

Understand the influence and behaviour of the PG students

4. Methodology:

Purposive Sampling method was used to collect Primary Data. Google form link was emailed to 50

post graduate students out of which, responses from 30 PG Students from various courses like

MBA, MSW and M.SC was received.

5. Research Findings:

The responses obtained from students were analysed using Excel and SPSS software. The results of

the analyses are given below. For the purposeof evaluation the objectives were broken down into

hypothesis and tested as shown below.

5.1. Location and CSR Awareness:

Ho: There no association between the stream location and awareness of the term CSR

H1 : There is an the stream location and awareness of the term CSR

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HomeTown Heard of CSR

100% of the students from the Urban population have heard about the term CSR but only 71.42%

of the students understand the concept clearly.

54.5 % of the students from Rural regions have heard about the term CSR , 18% understand the

concept clearly, 22.7% do not clealry understand the concept of CSR and 45.45% students have

never heard of the term CSR.

20% of the students from semi Urban area have never heard of the term CSR and 80% students

have heard and clearly understand the concept of CSR.

Thus, we can see that students from Urban and Semi Urban areas have more awareness of this

concept compared to the students from rural areas. Therefor we reject the nill hypothesis.

Do you pay attention to the companies CSR while purchasing a product?

Only 20 % of the students pay attention to the CSR activities of the company while making

purchases. Hence, indirectly not much contribution is done by the students towards the society.

Students should be educated on how it is important to understand the CSR initiatives of the

company will buying products, as their purchase decision will contribute to the society.



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Have you contributed/ ParticipatedHave you bought any product because

in any CSR initiative?of the company‘s CSR activity?

Corporate Social responsibility gives an opportunity to the employees and consumers to contribute

towards the society. And to do so, it is essential that the students who are the future employees as

well as consumers are well aware of the term CSR. Students today, lack human connections, are not

concerned about of the social issues,

Awareness about CSR can open up lot of career opportunities for the students, as where there is a

problem there is a business opportunity. Both universities/Academic Institutions and corporations

have to provide sound responses to new realities of environment and society. Students should attach

importance to the CSR at academic level too.

5.2 Graduation Stream and CSR Term

Ho: there no association between the current stream of graduation and knowledge of the term CSR.

H1: There is an association between the current stream of graduation and knowledge of the term

CSR.

Present_stream * Know meaning of CSR Crosstabulation

Count

Know meaning of CSR

Total Yes No Somewhat

Present_stream MBA 15 3 5 23

MSW 3 0 0 3

M ScEnvt 1 3 0 4

M Sc QE 0 1 0 1

Total 19 7 5 31

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Correlations

Present_strea

m Heard of CSR

Present_stream Pearson

Correlation 1 .677

**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 31 31

Heard of CSR Pearson

Correlation .677

** 1


N 31 31

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The value of Pearson‘s R is 0.677. Therefore we can conclude that there is a strong association

between the variables current stream of graduation and the knowledge of students regarding CSR.

Also the 2 –tailed significance is 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Therefore we can conclude that the

association is statistically significant.

Thus H1 is accepted.

5.3 Knowledge of CSR and its exact meaning

Ho: There is no association between knowledge of the term CSR and its exact meaning as defined in

Indian law.

H1 :There is association between knowledge of the term CSR and its exact meaning as defined in

Indian law.



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Know meaning of CSR * CSR is employee support Crosstabulation

Count

CSR is employee support

Total Yes No

Know meaning of CSR Yes 15 4 19

No 6 1 7

Somewhat 5 1 5

Total 27 4 31

Chi-Square Tests

Value df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 2.901a 2 .235

Likelihood Ratio 4.285 2 .117

Linear-by-Linear

Association 2.344 1 .126

N of Valid Cases 31

a. 4 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .65.

The value of test statistic is 2.901 and the corresponding p value of test statistic is 0.235

Therefore at a significance level of α = 0.05 the p value is greater than α. So we conclude there is no

evidence to suggest an association between the variables knowledge of CSR and the exact meaning

of CSR as it pertains to the Indian situation..

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5.4 Knowledge of CSR and its impact on buying a product

Ho: Knowledge of the concept of CSR has no association with buying of a product from the market

for a specific company.

H1 : Knowledge of the concept of CSR has an association with buying of a product from the market

for a specific company.

Heard of CSR * Pay attention to CSR Cross tabulation

Count

Pay attention to CSR Total

Yes No Somewhat

Heard of CSR Yes clearly understand 4 1 8 13

Yes slightly understand 3 6 3 12

No 1 4 1 6

Total 7 12 12 31

Chi-Square Tests

Value df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 11.571a 4 .021

Likelihood Ratio 13.702 4 .008

Linear-by-Linear

Association .331 1 .565

N of Valid Cases 31

a. 7 cells (77.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is 1.35.

The value of test statistic is 11.571 and the corresponding p value of test statistic is 0.021.

Therefore at a significance level of α = 0.05 the p value is less than α. So we conclude there is

enough evidence to suggest an association between the variables knowledge of CSR and the

attention paid to CSR activities of a company while purchasing a product.

5.5 Knowledge of CSR and Willingness to pay a premium price:

Ho : There is no association between the variables Knowledge of CSR and Willingness to pay a

premium price for a product.

H1 : There is association between the variables Knowledge of CSR and Willingness to pay a

premium price for a product.



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Know meaning of CSR * Willingness to pay premium price Crosstabulation

Count

Willingness to pay premium price

Total

Strongly

Agree Agree

Neither

Agree Nor

Disagree Disagree

Strongly

Disagree

Know meaning of

CSR

Yes 5 9 2 2 1 19

No 2 2 2 1 0 7

Some

what 0 3 1 1 0 5

Total 7 14 5 4 1 31

Correlations

Know

meaning of

CSR

Willingness

to pay

premium

price

Know meaning of CSR Pearson

Correlation 1 .124


N 31 31

Willingness to pay

premium price

Pearson

Correlation .124 1


N 31 31

The value of Pearson‘s R is 0.124. Therefore we can conclude that there is a very weak association

between the variables knowledge of the term CSR and their willingness to pay a premium price for

it.

Also the 2 –tailed significance is 0.505 which is greater than 0.05. Therefore we can conclude that

the association is not statistically significant.

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Conclusion:

Thus based on the above analysis on can make following conclusions with respect to the hypothesis

tested.

Though most of the students in the sample are aware of the term CSR one can‘t say that they really

are aware of the exact meaning of the term as determined by the Indian law as mentioned in the

2013 amendment to the Company Act 1956 where the scope and depth of CSR activities is clearly

specified. The students say that they are willing to spend a premium price for those companies

which spend on CSR but they don‘t consciously look for CSR activities of the company while

buying a specific product. This shows a confused mindset of the students. As citizens as well as

employees of tomorrow it is essential that the concept of CSR introduced at a undergraduate level

in their curriculum. At a master‘s level the subject is dealt with in detail in only some programs as

is exhibited by lack of awareness of CSR by students of M Sc program.

Today it has become very emparative for the consumers and employees to understand the concept

of CSR as sustainable products play an important role in growth and development of an

organization and a country as a whole. CSR is something that is increasingly demanded by

consumers when the importance of sustainable approach and insight into corporate behavior are

increasingly part of the agenda. However, it is not completely straightforward for companies to

communicate their CSR work as this information also leads to examination and questioning.

Although CSR has impacted the policies and attitudes of businesses throughout the world it has



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seldom been linked to strategic marketing. The impact of CSR initiatives on consumers is important

for performance improvement (Piercy and Lane, 2009).

References

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Businessa Guide to Leadership Tasks and Functions, Center for Creative Leadership

Greensboro, North Carolina, CCL Press, 2009

Boatright John R, Ethics and Conduct of Business, Pearson Education India, 2000.

C S V Murthy, Business Ethics, Himalaya Publishing House , 2009.

'Corporate Governance Handbook', Ernst & Young & CII

CII - Handbook on Corporate Social responsibility in India

[email protected] accessed from the internet on 25 – 02 -14

Mehta, K.L., 'Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility with Human Excellence Tata's

Management Ethos', Welingkar Research Journal, Vol.II, Issue – 4, September 2004

Mukerjea, D. N., 'Ratan Tata's Global Quest', Businessworld, 9th October 2006

www.worldbank.org


http://www.worldbank.org/