AboutIAPS‐AUSThe International Association of Protective Structures (IAPS) wasformed in2010toaddressall therelevantaspectsof thesubjectofprotectivestructures in thebuilt environment, including: structuralmechanics,soilmechanics,trafficengineering,waterwaysaswellassafety studies and risk analysis in both research and practice. TheAustralian Chapter (IAPS‐AUS) was founded by Professor MarkStewart in June 2011 for the purpose of promoting research anddevelopment associated with Protective Structures in CivilEngineering in Australia. Primary objectives are: bringing expertstogether working in the field of protective structures in Australia,beingtheumbrellafordifferentactions,supportinganInternationalConference on Protective Structures (ICPS) to be held every twoyears,promotionofotherprofessionalactivities,andsupportingthepublications of the International Journal of Protective Structures(IJPS).

ContactusIfyouareinterestedinorhaveanyinquiriesaboutourcommunitypleasevisitourwebsiteorcontact:

ChairofAustralianofChapterIAPSProfessorChengqingWuUniversityofTechnologySydney(Email:chengqing.wu@uts.edu.au)Tel:+61‐2‐95142742http://www.iapsaustralia.org/DrAminHeidarpour(amin.heidarpour@monash.edu)OrganiserofIAPS‐AUSWorkshop2016DepartmentofCivilEngineering,MonashUniversityTel:+61–3‐99024435

IAPS‐AUS workshop

MonashUniversity

28/11/2016

TableofContentsOverviewofWorkshop.................................................................................................1

GeneralInformation.......................................................................................................2

Program...............................................................................................................................6

Abstracts..............................................................................................................................7

OverviewoftheworkshopBringingtheExpertsTogether

Fostercollaborationbetweenresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentandindustry.

PromoteresearchanddevelopmentassociatedwithsecurityandprotectivestructuresinAustralia.

SharingtheProgress

Encouragemulti‐disciplinaryapproachestosecurityandprotectivestructures

AnnualGeneralMeeting

AnnualGeneralMeetingfordiscussionandresearchcollaboration.

1

GeneralInformationWorkshopDateMonday28thNovember2016

WorkshopVenueRoomG29/30ontheGroundfloor,NewHorizonsBuilding20ResearchWay,MonashUniversityWellingtonRoad,Clayton,VIC3800,Australia

RegistrationAll participants need to register by 1st November 2016 through thefollowinglink;thereisnoregistrationfee:https://goo.gl/oFvAVL

WorkshopbadgeParticipants are kindly requested to wear their badge throughout theworkshop. The badges will be handed out on the registration desk onMonday28thNovember.

LunchandcoffeebreaksTea/Coffee and lunch will be served during the workshop at NewHorizonsBuildingaccordingtotheprogramtimetable.

InternetAccesstoMonashFreeWi‐Fiisavailableoncampus.

DepartmentofCivilEngineeringTheDepartmentofCivilEngineeringofficeandacademicofficesarelocatedinBuilding60,23CollegeWalk,ClaytonCampus.

ClaytonCampusMapThemapofclaytoncampusisprovidedinthelinkbelow:

https://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/maps/3‐Claytoncolour.pdf

Tofindyourwayaroundcampusmoreeasily,MonashUniversityhasafreeapplicationavailableinAppStorefordownload:

http://goo.gl/7qBgo0 http://goo.gl/pcht2s

2 3

NewHorizonsBuilding,MonashUniversity

TransportationfromMelbourneAirporttoMonashClaytonCampus Bybus:

Option1: Take the SkyBus fromAirport to the city centre. TaketrainfromSouthernCrossRailwayStationtowardsPakenhamandget off at Oakleigh Railway Station. Take bus No. 742 towardsEastland via Monash University (Research Way). (Time: 1 hourand30minutes.Cost:approximately$25).

Option 2: Dandenong Shuttle bus to Monash Campus. (Time: 1hour.Cost:$28).Youcanbookthroughhttp://www.airportbusdandenong.com.au/timetable/monash‐university

ByTaxi(Time:45mins,Cost:approximately$100).

AccommodationThereareseveralhotelsaroundMonash.Examplesinclude:

GatewayonMonash(4‐star)Distancetotheworkshopvenue:20minutesonfootRate:from$198pernightWebsite:http://gatewayonmonash.com.au/

Novotel(4‐star)Distancetotheworkshopvenue:30minutesbybusRatesaround$260pernightWebsite:www.novotelglenwaverley.com.au

Ibis(3‐star)

Distancetotheworkshopvenue:25minutesbybusRate:around$135pernightWebsite:www.ibis.com/Glen‐Waverly

4 5

ProgramTime Monday28thNovember

8:30‐9:00 Registration9:00‐9:10 Introduction(DrAminHeidarpour)

SessionI(Chair:ProfXiao‐LingZhao):9:10‐ 10:309:10‐9:30 Prof.HongHao(CurtinUniversityofTechnology)

BlastandImpactRelatedResearchActivitiesinCurtinResearchCentreofInfrastructureMonitoringandProtection(CIMP)9:30‐9:50 Prof.BrianUy(UniversityofNewSouthWales)

AnUpdateontheNationalPhysicalBlastTestingFacilitiesNFPBS9:50‐10:10 Prof.ChengqingWu (UniversityofTechnologySydney)

Ultra‐HighPerformanceConcreteReinforcedwithSteelWireMeshagainstBlastandImpactloads10:10‐10:30 ProfGuoxingLu (SwinburneUniversityofTechnology)

EnergyAbsorptionofAuxeticMaterials10:30‐10:50 Morningtea SessionII(Chair:ProfGuoxingLu):10:50‐ 12:1010:50‐11:10 DrPhilipMellen(DSTOEdinburgh)

InvestigationofBlastandFragmentationEffectsonConcretePanels11:10‐11:30 ProfGuoweiMa(UniversityofWesternAustralia)

Multi‐LevelExplosionRiskAnalysis(MLERA)forAccidentalGasExplosionEventsinSuper‐LargeFLNGFacilities11:30‐11:50 A/ProfAlexRemennikov(UniversityofWollongong)

ResponseofstructuralelementstohypervelocityimpactusingExplosivelyFormedProjectiles(EFP)11:50‐12:10 ProfPriyanMendis/A.ProfTuanNgo(TheUniversityofMelbourne)

AdvancedLightweightCompositeStructureforProtectiveApplications12:10‐13:40 Lunch/AnnualGeneralMeeting SessionIII(Chair:DrAminHeidarpour):13:40‐ 15:0013:40‐14:00 DrKenDale (GeoScience)

BlastLossEstimationModellingatGeoscienceAustralia:Recentdevelopments14:00‐14:20 DrAndrewBrown (UNSWCanberraattheAustralianDefenceAcademy)

DeformationandFailureMechanismsofClosed‐CellAluminiumFoamunderDynamicLoading14:20‐14:40 LumingShen (UniversityofSydney)

Aluminiumcompositeplatewithnacre‐likestructureforimpactandblastapplications14:40‐15:00 MohammadNassirnia (MonashUniversity)

FundamentalBehaviorofInnovativeHollowCorrugatedColumnsunderLateralImpactLoading15:00‐15:15 EventClosure/GroupPhoto15:15‐15:35 Afternoontea15:35‐16:45 MonashCivilEngineeringLaboratorytour

6

Abstracts

BlastandImpactRelatedResearchActivitiesinCurtinResearchCentreofInfrastructureMonitoringand

Protection(CIMP)–BriefReportfor2016

ProfessorHongHao

CentreforInfrastructuralMonitoringandProtectionSchoolofCivilandMechanicalEngineering,CurtinUniversity,KentStreet,

Bentley,WA6102,Australia

Summary

Inthispresentation,theresearchactivitiesandachievementsrelatedtostructureprotectionagainstblast and impact loads inCurtinResearchCentreofInfrastructureMonitoringandProtection(CIMP)in2016willbebrieflysummarizedandreported.Theseactivitiesincludehigh‐speedimpact testing on various construction materials to determine thedynamicmaterialproperties,developmentofmaterialmodels for fibrereinforced concrete and geopolymer concrete, testing and numericalsimulation of FRP strengthened concrete beams subjected to impactloads, analytical analysis of impact behaviours of RC beams, impacttesting and numerical simulation of segmental concrete columnssubjectedto impactandblast loads, testingandanalysisofanewtypefenceblastbarriertomitigateblastloadingeffects,modellingaccidentalexplosion loads and their effects on structures, and testing andnumerical simulation of the effectiveness of various strengtheningmeasures on enhancing the capacities of structural panels to resistwindbornedebrisimpacts.

7 8

AnUpdateontheNationalPhysicalBlastTestingFacilitiesNFPBS

ProfessorBrianUy

Director,CentreforInfrastructureEngineering&SafetySchoolofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering

TheUniversityofNewSouthWalesUNSWSydney,NSW2052Australia

Summary

Ultra‐HighPerformanceConcreteReinforcedwithSteelWireMeshagainstBlastandImpactloads

ProfessorChengqingWu

CentreofBuiltInfrastructureResearch,UniversityofTechnologySydneyEmail:chengqing.wu@uts.edu.au

Summary

The research activities on enhancing ultra‐high performance concreteagainstblastandimpactloadsatCentreofBuiltInfrastructureResearch,University of Technology Sydney will be reported. Field blast testsresults on steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) slab and hybrid steelwire mesh – micro steel fibre reinforcement (SWM‐SF) reinforcedconcrete slab under close‐in detonations are presented and numericalstudybasedonMulti‐MaterialALEandLagrangianalgorithmiscarriedouttofurtherinvestigatethefieldtestsphenomenon.Experimentalandnumerical studies on evaluating impact response of reactive powderconcrete (RPC) targets reinforced by steel wire meshes againstprojectilepenetrationwithstrikingvelocitiesfrom550m/sto800m/swillalsobepresented.

9 10

Energy Absorption of Auxetic Materials

Guoxing Lu 1 1Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of

Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

Collaborators: Jianjun Zhang1, 2, Dong Ruan 1, Zhihua Wang2 2 Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan

University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China Summary

AuxeticmaterialswithnegativePoisson’s ratiopossess the fascinatingproperty of contracting laterally when compressed in the otherdirection, and expanding laterally when stretched longitudinally. Thisproperty fundamentally underpins the variations in the mechanicalperformances in suchmaterials.Thiswork systematicallyanalyses thepost‐yielding mechanical capabilities of the re‐entrant hexagonalhoneycombs under the x‐direction and y‐direction by considering thenonlinear behaviors of cell walls based on the force equilibriums,ranging from the case of rigid perfectly plastic material model to thematerialmodel involving strain hardening. Afterwards, the results areverifiedbyimplementingsomenumericalsimulations.Atlast,theinitialyieldingstressandplasticPoisson’sratiowillbediscussed.

11

InvestigationofBlastandFragmentationEffectsonConcretePanels

PhillipMellen(and/orSimonEllis‐Steinborner)WeaponsEffectsandProtection

TaskLeaderforNStask,WCSDWeaponsandCombatSystemsDivision

Bld190,DSTOEdinburgh

Summary

DST Group has undertaken multiple experimental trails to betterunderstand the blast and fragment produced from Vehicle BorneImprovised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) and how they differ whencompared to conventional munitions. In the latest series ofexperimental trials, work was undertaken to investigate thecontributionofthefragmentloadingtothedeflectionofanddamageofreinforcedconcretepanelsofmultiplethicknesses.Thiswasperformedusing a fragment projector that was designed to produce fragmentswhichwereconsideredtobeindicativeofthosefoundaroundaVBIEDevent. Fromtheseexperimentsitwasfoundthatthefragmentimpactshad a strong contribution towards the deflection of the panels. Itwasobservedthatthedifferenceinthetimeofarrivalofthefragmentsandtheprimary shock, in relation to the response rate of thepanel, hadasignificanteffectonthepeakdeflectionreachedbythepanels.

12

Multi‐LevelExplosionRiskAnalysis(MLERA)forAccidentalGasExplosionEventsinSuper‐LargeFLNG

FacilitiesProfessorGuoweiMa

TheUniversityofWesternAustralia,35StirlingHighway,WA6009

Summary

Whenassessingexplosionrisksofsuper‐largeoffshorestructuressuchas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities, there are neitherdesign rules nor industry standards available as FLNG is a newtechnology.Meanwhile,alargeamountofComputationalFluidDynamic(CFD)calculationtimeisrequiredduetoitssuper‐largesizeandhighlycomplicated topside structures. A multi‐level explosion risk analysismethod (MLERA) is developedwhich divides thewhole structure intosubsectionsandappliesdetailedCFDcalculationsonlytotheareaswiththehighestlevelofpotentialriskssothatthecomputationaltimecanbereduced to a realistic and acceptable level. TheMLERA includes threelevels, which are qualitative risk screening, semi‐quantitative riskclassification,andquantitativeriskassessment.ACFDtoolcalledFLACSis used as a calculation tool for detailed risk quantification, and anALARP (as low as reasonably practical) method is selected as acalibration toolandused todetermine theacceptanceof theexplosionrisk.Meanwhile,sincethecurrentdesignstandardsfornormaloffshoreplatforms are not sufficient for super‐large structures, during the riskscreening and risk classificationprocesses, safety barriers are used asextrarisk indicators inadditiontothetraditionalones.Acasestudy isconductedbasedonacylindricalFLNGmodel,andtheresultofthecasestudyproves that theproposedMLERAmethod is able to savea largeamountofcomputationaltime.

13

ResponseofstructuralelementstohypervelocityimpactusingExplosivelyFormedProjectiles(EFP)

A/ProfAlexRemennikov

HeadofSchool,SchoolofCivil,MiningandEnvironmentalEngineeringDirector,CentreforInfrastructureProtectionandMiningSafety(CIPMS)

FacultyofEngineeringandInformationSciencesUniversityofWollongongNSW2522Australia

Summary

ThispresentationwillprovideanoverviewoftheexperimentalresultsfromaseriesoftestswhereEFPswereusedagainststeelandconcretetargets.Thedatagatheredfromthesetestsisintendedtofurthertheunderstandingofimpactsatspeedsgreaterthan1,500‐2,000m/secandtounderstandtheresponseoftypicalsteelandconcretestructuralelementstohypervelocityimpacts

14

AdvancedLightweightCompositeStructurefor

ProtectiveApplicationsTuanNgo,JonathanTran,PriyanMendis

AdvancedProtectiveTechnologiesforEngineeringStructures(APTES)Group,TheUniversityofMelbourne

Summary

Accidentalanddeliberate loadsoncivil andmilitary structures, locallyandinternationallyhaveclaimedlivesandcostgovernmentsbillionsofdollarsworldwide. Design solutions for land,maritime infrastructuresagainstblastloadscurrentlycomeattheexpenseofconsiderableweightgain, which incurs significant costs and compromises the structure’sresistance to other extreme loads. The key challenge is to develop alightweighthighperformanceprotectivestructurethatexhibitssuperiorstrength and toughness simultaneously, which are typically mutuallyexclusive in traditional engineering materials. Mimicking naturalstructures (such as turtle shells, pearl oysters, porcupine quills etc.),whichhaveoptimisedtheirarmouringsystemsovermillionsofyearsofevolution to counter predator attacks, could lead to efficientlylightweightengineeringstructureswithimprovedmechanicalresponsesto extreme loadings such as blast and impact. This research aim is todevelop a bio‐inspired multi‐functional lightweight composite panelsystem that can concentrate material into areas most needed underimpact loads, absorb andmitigate energy under blast, and provide ananchoring effect that prevents hazardous fragments from flying out ofthe system. The composite panel will be light, modular, scalable, andeasytoconstructanddisassemble;makingitunlikeanyothercompositesystemsusedinprotectiveengineeringapplications.

BlastLossEstimationModellingatGeoscienceAustralia:Recentdevelopments

DrKenDale

StructuralEngineerCommunitySafetyandEarthMonitoringDivision,GEOSCIENCE

AUSTRALIASummary

This talk summarises recent work at Geoscience Australia (GA) inexpanding and enhancing a capability to estimate insured losses fromterrorist blasts in Australian Central Business Districts (CBDs). Thiswork has been ongoing over a number of years and continues to bemaintainedanddevelopedatGAfortheAustralianGovernment.

15 16

DeformationandFailureMechanismsofClosed‐CellAluminiumFoamunderDynamicLoading

A.D.Brown1,M.A.Islam1,M.A.Kader1,P.J.Hazell1,J.P.Escobedo1,M.Saadatfar2

1SEIT,UNSWCanberraattheAustralianDefenceAcademy,Canberra,ACT,2600

2DepartmentofAppliedMathematics,AustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,ACT‐0200

Summary

Thedynamicporecollapsemechanismsandenergyabsorptioncapacityofclosed‐cellaluminiumfoamssubjectedtolowvelocityimpacts(2‐10m/s)andhighstrainrates(100‐800s‐1)havebeenelucidated.Dynamiccompression experiments were conducted on CYMATTM stabilizedaluminiumfoams(SAFs)usinganinstrumenteddroptowerandaSplitHopkinsonPressureBar(SHPB) integratedwithhigh‐speedvideo.Theelastic‐plastic pore collapse mechanisms have been investigated byperformingmicro‐computedX‐raytomography(XRT)onsamplespriortotestingandpost‐deformation.Additionally,XRT‐basedfiniteelement(FE)simulationswereconductedusingABAQUS/Explicitfortheuniquecapabilityoftrackingvolumetricporecollapsethroughtime.Thestress‐strainresponseoftheFEsimulationswereingoodagreementwiththeexperimental results. It was found that the SAF foam exhibited strainratedependencyandbulkcollapseoccursprimarilyatweakregionsoflowdensity.Collapseofindividualporesoccursasasystematicbending,buckling,andfullcollapseintoneighboringpores.

Aluminiumcompositeplatewithnacre‐likestructureforimpactandblastapplications

LumingShen1,E.A.Flores‐Johnson1,IreneGuiamatsia1andGiang

D.Nguyen21SchoolofCivilEngineering,TheUniversityofSydney,NSW2006,

Australia2SchoolofCivil,EnvironmentalandMiningEngineering,TheUniversityof

Adelaide,SA5005,AustraliaSummary

The ever increasing demand for high energy‐absorbing and hightoughness lightweight materials for impact and blast applications inautomotive, aeronautical and defence industry is posing a greatchallengeoninnovativedesignandmanufacturingtoaccommodatethecompetingpropertiesoflightweightononehand,andimpactandblastresistanceontheotherhand.Nacre,commonlyknownasthemother‐of‐pearl, is a biological material that exhibits outstanding mechanicalproperties due to its brick‐wall like hierarchical structure that spansfrom nano‐ to macro‐scales. Inspired by the hierarchical structure ofnacre, an aluminium alloy 7075 based composite featuring layerwaviness and cohesive interface is being developed and studiednumerically as high velocity impact and blast resistant material. Toinvestigate their ballistic and blast performance, a numerical study oftheproposednacre‐likecompositesmadeofthinaluminiumalloy7075tablets bonded with toughened epoxy resin is performed usingAbaqus/Explicit.Inthesimulations,theJohnson‐Cookmaterialmodelisused togetherwiththe Johnson‐Cook fracturecriteriontosimulatetheconstitutive response of the aluminium alloy 7075 tablets. The epoxymaterial is modelled using a user‐defined interface cohesive elementthat properly takes into account both compressive strength andtoughnessenhancementsundercompression.Asignificantperformanceimprovement is observed for the proposed nacre‐like aluminiumcomposite plate as compared to the same thickness bulk aluminiumplate,which can be explained by the hierarchical structure facilitatingbothlocalizedenergyabsorptionbydeformationoftheplateandmoreglobalizedenergyabsorptionbyinter‐layereddelaminationandfrictionunderbothimpactandblastloading.Currentlytheproposedaluminiumalloycompositeplatesarebeingfabricatedandtested.Theexperimentalresultsontheirballistictestingwillbereportedwhenavailable.

17 18

FundamentalBehaviorofInnovativeHollowCorrugatedColumnsunderLateralImpactLoading

MohammadNassirnia,AminHeidarpour,Xiao‐LingZhao

DepartmentofCivilEngineering,MonashUniversity,Melbourne,Australia

Summary

There has recently been a growing trend of replacing conventionalstructural elements by novel components to achieve more resilientinfrastructure. Owing to the recent benchmark study conducted atMonash University, it has been demonstrated that innovative hollowcorrugated columns exhibit significant enhanced performance understaticloadingscomparedtotheequivalentconventionalcolumns.Since,hitherto the dynamic behaviour of innovative corrugated columnssubjected to impact loadingshasnotbeen investigated, thus the latestresearchactivitiesonthefundamentalbehaviorofcorrugatedcolumnsunderlateralimpactloadingarepresented.Acorrugatedcolumnisbuiltupoffourself‐strengthenedcorrugatedplatesweldedtogethertoforma box section, whilst as an alternative configuration, four ultra‐highstrength steel tubes could also be used at the apexes of a corrugatedsection. Three different types of corrugation profiles have beenconsidered to investigate the influence of geometric parameters ofcorrugationprofilesonthememberbehaviour.Thelarge‐scalesamplessitting in thedesignedfixturesasboundaryconditionsare laterallyhitbytheweightsdroppingfromspecificheightto inducedesiredlevelofimpact energy. The experimental recorded data including the residualfailuremodes,thetimehistoryoftheimpactforces,globaldeformationsandstrainsofcorrugatedcolumnswillbecomparedwiththoseobtainedfor an equivalent control specimen built from flat plates. Additionally,the developed finite element model for corrugated columns which isverifiedthroughexperimentresultsisbrieflyoutlined.

19