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The Three A’s Access, Accountability, Affordability
(and Degree Completion)
Organization and Administration of Higher Education
The University of Central Oklahoma
Tuesday, March 1, 2016
Introduction of Speaker
Jessica Rimmer, Vice President for Student
Engagement and Success
Mid-America Christian University
Twelve years in Higher Education
Currently a PhD Candidate at The University
of Oklahoma
Research Interests: Leadership and Student
Retention
Areas of Responsibility
Student Life
Campus Ministry
Student Success Center
University Athletics
Department of Public Safety
University Retention
Title IX
The Issue of Access
The belief in opportunity
Aspects of Accessibility
Access of disenfranchised populations
Geography
Programs
Affordability
Student convenience
Student preparation
Student/Institution match
Historical Support for Access
Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
Second Morrill Act of 1890
Brown vs. Board of Education
Higher Education Act of 1965
The Spellings Report (2006)
Inadequate preparation
Lack of information about college
opportunities
Persistent financial barriers
Findings indicated that access to higher education was
inhibited by a “complex interplay” of:
Access and Success
Separate and Unequal
Recommended Resources
The State of College Access and
Completion: Improving College Success for
Students from Underrepresented Groups
(2013) Laura W. Perna.
Separate and Unequal: How Higher
Education Reinforces the Intergenerational
Reproduction of White Racial Privilege
(2013), Anthony P. Carnevale and Jeff Strohl
The Issue of Affordability
Ensuring a Pathway to Opportunity
Affordability
“If people perceive postsecondary education
as unaffordable, they are likely to make
decisions that limit their participation and
success” (Baum & Ma, 2014, p. 12)
What is affordability?
Unmet Need
Expensive vs. Unaffordable
Commodity expenditure vs. Long-term
investment
“Of fundamental importance, it is impossible to
define affordability only in terms of prices and
required expenditures. The resources available
to pay the prices determine what people can
afford” (Baum & Ma, 2014, p. 3).
Questions on Affordability
What should be included in price?
Room and Board?
Books?
Who’s income should be considered?
Students? (for what period)
Parents?
When considering affordability…
“We should focus on whether students,
regardless of their age when they enroll, can
reasonably expect to improve their long-term
standards of living” (Baum & Ma, 2014, p.3)
Recommended Resource
College Affordability: What is it and how can
we measure it? Sandy Baum and Jennifer
Ma (April, 2014). The Lumina Foundation.
The Issue of Accountability
A Matter of Public Trust
Accountability
“As a general policy construct, the term
refers to the responsibility (if not legal
obligation) of campus and system
administrators, as well as government
officials, to provide their supervisors
(ultimately the public) reports of the
stewardship of public funds.” (Leveille, 2006,
p. 34)
Described:
Accountable for what?
Cost
Value
Quality
Accountable to whom?
Students and Families
Industry
Accrediting bodies
Governing Boards
State Governments
Federal Government
Alumni
Foundations
(Leveille, 2006)
Measures for Accountability
Retention Rates
Graduation Rates
Transfer Out Rates
Gainful Employment
Student Debt Load
Student Employability
National Transparency
IPEDS
College Navigator
College Score Card
Accrediting Bodies
Further Reading on
Accountability
http://www.slideshare.net/ragutier/accountab
ility-for-higher-education-institutions-likely-
future-directions
Leveille, D. (2006). Accountability in higher
education: A public agenda for trust and
cultural change. Center for Studies in Higher
Education, UC Berkley.
Criticisms
Does not allow for the broader aim of Higher
Education
Diversity of institutional type
Flaws in the measures
Understanding of broadly communicated
measures
Degree Completion
Degree completion
A degree completion program is an
undergraduate academic program, most
frequently found in the US or Canada, that is
offered with an established university but
typically for non-traditional students.”
(Wikipedia)
Originally looked at students with 60 credits
or more who have been away from college
for an “extended period of time” (Taylor,
2000)
May Incorporate prior learning assessments
Student Demographics
“Nearly 40 percent of today’s postsecondary
students are self-supporting, ages 24 and
up” (Horn & Nevill, 2006 in Spellings, 2006,
p. 9)
The new undergraduate
What is happening in the
State of Oklahoma
Mid-America Christian University- College of
Adult and Graduate Studies
Southern Nazarene University
The University of Oklahoma- Outreach
Center
Oklahoma’s participation in Complete
College America- Reach Higher
UCO- Operation Degree Completion
Questions
Contact
405-692-3275
Twitter: @Jessrimm28
Facebook: Jessica Patterson Rimmer