Adapted from Liz LaRosaSome images are from www.chem4kids.com

www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

Learning Scale – I can …4 – Differentiate between the various groups on the periodic table.

3 - Describe the various groups on the periodic table.

2 - Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons, or electrons.

1 - Identify patterns on the periodic table.

Development of the Periodic TableIn 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev noticed that patterns appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.

In 1913, Henry Moseley rearranged the periodic table according to atomic number.

Discussion

Why do you think that scientists changed how the periodic table was set-up?

Organization of the TableHorizontal rows are called periods.

Vertical columns are called groups.

Atomic Mass= # of protons and neutrons

Atomic Number = # of protons (or # of electrons)

Characteristics of MetalsLuster (shiny)Ductility (ability to be pulled into thin wires)

Malleability (ability to be hammered)

ConductorAlmost all are solid at room temperature

Characteristics of NonmetalsMany are gases at room temperature.

Solids are brittleNo luster (dull)Good insulators

Characteristics of MetalloidsProperties of both metals and nonmetals

Semiconductor – conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures.

Discussion

Compare and contrast metals and nonmetals.

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member

Soft and silvery metals

Very reactive, esp. with water

Conduct electricity1 Valence electron

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2White and malleable

Reactive, but less than Alkali metals

Conduct electricity

2 Valence electrons

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the middle (3-12)

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

BORON FAMILY

Group 133 Valence electrons

Most are metals

CARBON FAMILY Group 144 Valence electrons

Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 Valence Electrons

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 166 Valence electrons

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

Halogens Group 177 Valence electrons

All are non-metals

Very reactive -react with metals to form salt

often bonds with Group 1

Noble Gases Group 18GasesNon-metals8 Valence electrons = Full (except He = 2)

Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth MetalsLanthanides & Actinides

Some are Radioactive

The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Discussion

What patterns can you identify on the periodic table? Provide evidence.

Learning Scale – I can …4 – Differentiate between the various groups on the periodic table.

3 - Describe the various groups on the periodic table.

2 - Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons, or electrons.

1 - Identify patterns on the periodic table.