AgingAging

The Stages of LifeThe Stages of Life

Infancy…Infancy… Birth-18 monthsBirth-18 months Toddlerhood…Toddlerhood… 2-42-4 School Age…School Age… 5-125-12 Adolescence…Adolescence… 13-2013-20 Young Adulthood…Young Adulthood… 21-3521-35 Middle Adulthood…Middle Adulthood… 35-6535-65 Older Adulthood…Older Adulthood… 65 and older65 and older

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory Theory

http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erhttp://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_psychosocial_theory.htm#freuikson_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud's_psychosexual_stagesd's_psychosexual_stages

Young Adulthood Young Adulthood (21-35)(21-35)

physical changes slow down and many people physical changes slow down and many people enter a period of peak healthenter a period of peak health

begin to get a clearer sense of identity and relate begin to get a clearer sense of identity and relate to their parents on a more adult level.to their parents on a more adult level.

learn to value commitment in relationships…may learn to value commitment in relationships…may choose to marry and have a familychoose to marry and have a family

become financially independent…scary and become financially independent…scary and fulfilling!fulfilling!

should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent health problems later in lifehealth problems later in life

Identify the leading cause of death in young adults.Identify the leading cause of death in young adults.List 2 actions they can take to reduce the risk of List 2 actions they can take to reduce the risk of dying during this period.dying during this period.

#1 Cause – UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES#1 Cause – UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES#2 Cause – HOMICIDE#2 Cause – HOMICIDETo Reduce the risk of dying, focus on controllable To Reduce the risk of dying, focus on controllable

risk factors, such as…risk factors, such as…- Alcohol use/abuse- Alcohol use/abuse- Drug use/abuse- Drug use/abuse- Drinking & Driving- Drinking & Driving-Engaging in high risk activities -Engaging in high risk activities (daredevil stunts)(daredevil stunts)

Causes of death for people over age 65Causes of death for people over age 65#1 Heart Disease#1 Heart Disease#2 Cancer#2 Cancer

Middle AdulthoodMiddle Adulthood Ages 35 to 65Ages 35 to 65 muscle tone and strength may diminish but can be muscle tone and strength may diminish but can be

maintained with regular exercisemaintained with regular exercise may have a strong sense of identity and be leaders at work may have a strong sense of identity and be leaders at work

and in their familiesand in their families Increased responsibilities can cause stress-If they don’t learn Increased responsibilities can cause stress-If they don’t learn

to cope with this stress, it can lead to health problems. to cope with this stress, it can lead to health problems. must watch their diets and exercise to avoid health risks such must watch their diets and exercise to avoid health risks such

as cancer and heart diseaseas cancer and heart disease MenopauseMenopause: the period of time when a woman stops : the period of time when a woman stops

ovulating and menstruating-Typically age 50-55ovulating and menstruating-Typically age 50-55 begin to accept mortality as they see friends and loved ones begin to accept mortality as they see friends and loved ones

diedie A A midlife crisis: midlife crisis: the sense of uncertainty about one’s the sense of uncertainty about one’s

identity that some people experience in midlife. Middle-aged identity that some people experience in midlife. Middle-aged adults may get adults may get

Older AdulthoodOlder Adulthood People over 65 People over 65 may not recover from illness as quickly as when may not recover from illness as quickly as when

they were youngerthey were younger generally more emotionally stable than when generally more emotionally stable than when

younger, but they may also struggle with younger, but they may also struggle with depression, anxiety, and lonelinessdepression, anxiety, and loneliness

Why???Why???

social and financial lives change significantly social and financial lives change significantly after they retireafter they retire

Alzheimer’s disease: Alzheimer’s disease: one gradually loses one gradually loses mental capacity and the ability to carry out mental capacity and the ability to carry out daily activitiesdaily activities

Myths and Facts Opinion SurveyMyths and Facts Opinion Survey (Agree or Disagree) (Agree or Disagree) _________ “Old” people are always sick. _________ “Old” people are always sick. _________ Most people over 65 are institutionalized. _________ Most people over 65 are institutionalized.

_________ People over 65 do not have any sexual desires. _________ People over 65 do not have any sexual desires.

_________ Most people over 65 retain their normal mental abilities._________ Most people over 65 retain their normal mental abilities.

_________ Mental illness is common among people over 65. _________ Mental illness is common among people over 65.

________ The majority of people over 65 can work as effectively as ________ The majority of people over 65 can work as effectively as youngeryounger

workers. workers.

________ The majority of people over 65 are socially isolated. ________ The majority of people over 65 are socially isolated.

________ Major depression occurs more frequently for teenagers than ________ Major depression occurs more frequently for teenagers than forfor

people over 65. people over 65.

________ Businesses often do not hire people over 65 because of their ________ Businesses often do not hire people over 65 because of their age.age.

AgeismAgeism

AgeismAgeism – a form of discrimination – a form of discrimination that relegates people to an inferior or that relegates people to an inferior or limited position simply because of limited position simply because of ageage

-Have you ever experienced or known -Have you ever experienced or known anyone who experienced prejudice or anyone who experienced prejudice or discrimination based on age?discrimination based on age?

Stereotypes and Ageism Stereotypes and Ageism

““When you hear, see or think the word When you hear, see or think the word teenagersteenagers, , what other words come to what other words come to mind?”mind?” What do you notice about attitudes toward What do you notice about attitudes toward

young people?young people? In what situations have you felt people In what situations have you felt people

prejudge you because of your age?prejudge you because of your age? How have negative attitudes affected how you How have negative attitudes affected how you

feel or what you do?feel or what you do? How have positive attitudes about young How have positive attitudes about young

people helped you?people helped you?

Stereotypes and AgeismStereotypes and Ageism ““When you hear, see or think the When you hear, see or think the

word word oldold, , what other words come to what other words come to mind?”mind?”

How do you perceive your grandparents?How do you perceive your grandparents? Do they fit the stereotypes?Do they fit the stereotypes? How do your grandparents perceive you?How do your grandparents perceive you?

Life Changes - Life Changes - Similarities Between Young and Similarities Between Young and OldOld

Category Teenagers/Young Adults Older AdultsTransportation -Getting permission to drive; -Told they should not drive;

Higher insurance rates Higher insurance ratesWork -Told they are too young, -Told they are too old, too

too inexperienced experienced, unfamiliar with newtechnology

Companionship -Single; dating issues -Single (widowed); dating issuesIncome -Low-paying jobs -No income from earningsSex -Told they are too young -Told they are too oldDrugs -Use of “recreational” drugs -Misuse of prescription or

over the counter drugsHousing -Moving away from home; -Moving to smaller place;

-Have to live with parents for -Have to live with adult childreneconomic reasons for economic and health reasons

Friends -Friends moving away -Friends moving away or dyingDependency -Parents tell them what to do -Adult children tell them what to doAging -Physical changes related to age -Physical changes related to ageEmotions -Occasional depression, feelings of -Occasional depression, feelings of

hopelessness, sometimes leading to hopelessness, sometimes leading tosuicide suicide

Time Try to find meaningful ways to use Try to find meaningful ways to usetime during school years time during retirement years

___________________From Couper, D. and Pratt, F., Learning for Longer Life, National Academy for Teaching and Learning about Aging, 1999.

Aging & ChangesAging & Changes

SocialSocial EmotionalEmotional MentalMental SpiritualSpiritual PhysicalPhysical

Aging & ChangesAging & ChangesPHYSICALPHYSICAL

VisionVision HearingHearing TouchTouch Strength/DexterityStrength/Dexterity TasteTaste SmellSmell BalanceBalance

Changes in VisionChanges in Vision

FarsightednessFarsightedness Night blindnessNight blindness Color visionColor vision CataractsCataracts Blindness: glaucoma, Blindness: glaucoma,

arteriosclerosis, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetesdiabetes

Changes in HearingChanges in Hearing

Auditory nerve damageAuditory nerve damage Changes in structure of the earChanges in structure of the ear Deterioration of the brainDeterioration of the brain Decreased ability to hear intensity or Decreased ability to hear intensity or

volume of soundvolume of sound Decreased ability to discriminate Decreased ability to discriminate

between similar wordsbetween similar words

Changes in Dexterity, Agility, & Changes in Dexterity, Agility, & BalanceBalance

Lean body mass declines Lean body mass declines As a young adult, 43% of the body weight is As a young adult, 43% of the body weight is

muscle; By age 70, lean body mass declines to muscle; By age 70, lean body mass declines to about 25%about 25%

Increase in fat cellsIncrease in fat cells Increase to about 1/3 of body weight by at 70Increase to about 1/3 of body weight by at 70

Decreased endurance and reaction timeDecreased endurance and reaction time Dizziness may occur (vertigo)Dizziness may occur (vertigo) Stiffening of jointsStiffening of joints Poor posturePoor posture

Changes in TouchChanges in Touch Reduced tactile sensation (Touch Reduced tactile sensation (Touch

messages don’t get sent to the brain)messages don’t get sent to the brain) Can’t tie shoesCan’t tie shoes Can’t respond to heatCan’t respond to heat Can’t feel a bruiseCan’t feel a bruise

Reasons for loss of touch sensation:Reasons for loss of touch sensation: Parkinson’sParkinson’s Cardiovascular incidents Cardiovascular incidents Lack of blood flow to swelling Lack of blood flow to swelling ArthritisArthritis Limited use of extremities due to sedentary Limited use of extremities due to sedentary

lifestyle or bedriddenlifestyle or bedridden

State three ways that you can help an older State three ways that you can help an older adult to lead a healthier life.adult to lead a healthier life.

VisitVisit Sit and listen. Ask what they would do in certain Sit and listen. Ask what they would do in certain

situations. Ask advice and opinions.situations. Ask advice and opinions. Offer to do household choresOffer to do household chores

They’ll love having you around while you get work done They’ll love having you around while you get work done that perhaps they can’t dothat perhaps they can’t do

Bring FoodBring Food Bake cookies and deliver them personally. Ask if they Bake cookies and deliver them personally. Ask if they

need groceries and offer to get themneed groceries and offer to get them Walk with themWalk with them

If they are able walk outside on a nice day. Keeping If they are able walk outside on a nice day. Keeping them moving and in the fresh air is good for their healththem moving and in the fresh air is good for their health

Define life expectancy.Define life expectancy.

The average length of time an The average length of time an individual is expected to liveindividual is expected to live Average life expectancy in U.S. (2007): 77.9 yrs Average life expectancy in U.S. (2007): 77.9 yrs Rates for the top three leading causes—heart disease, cancer,

and stroke—continued a long-term decreasing trend. Significant increases occurred for suicide and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.

cdc.govcdc.gov

Identify four habits you can begin today to Identify four habits you can begin today to improve your quality of life in 10 years.improve your quality of life in 10 years.

Establish regular exercise patternsEstablish regular exercise patterns Don’t Smoke (heart disease, cancer)Don’t Smoke (heart disease, cancer) Don’t Drink (accidents, alcoholism, Don’t Drink (accidents, alcoholism,

liver disease)liver disease) Maintain a healthy weight (diabetes)Maintain a healthy weight (diabetes) Lower salt intakeLower salt intake

Favorite Web SitesFavorite Web Sites

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/nghttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0511/sights_n_sounds/index.htmlm/0511/sights_n_sounds/index.html

http://parentswish.com/site01/big.htmlhttp://parentswish.com/site01/big.html

Life Expectancy CalculatorLife Expectancy Calculator