ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONCellular respiration without oxygen

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Occurs when there is not enough oxygen; Pyruvate is degraded without releasing ATP

Pyruvate must be processed to avoid cell death

Process is called fermentation The most common fermentations form either

alcohol or lactic acid

ALCOHOL FERMENTATION

Glucose molecules break down into pyruvic acid

Ethanol and Carbon dioxide are produced

Using yeast for the fermentation The carbon dioxide may be used

to raise Bread Dough or to Carbonate a beverage

LACTATE FERMENTATION

Cells turn pyruvate into lactate Occurs in bacteria that eat milk, to form

cheeses and yoghurt, or can make food spoil

Muscle cells also form lactate during strenuous-type exercise to produce small amounts of energy

ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES

Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source

- New simple sugars are used first - Next, stored glycogen from the liver (from

past excess carbs) will be processed into glucose.

Alternate forms of energyLipids

When carbohydrate reserves run low, the body will used stored lipid (from adipose tissue)

- A Lipid enters glycolysis - Fatty acids directly enter Krebs cycle - Because fatty acids have more C & H

atoms, they produce much more energy than glucose

Alternate forms of energyProtein

As a last resort, protein will be used for energy

Amino acids are released by cellular digestion of muscle tissues

Amino groups are removed The Carbon skeletons are fed into Krebs

cycle for about the same amount of energy as sugars.