Anatomic Definitions 1. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS 1 Define the terms: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis Define

Anatomic Definitions

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Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS

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• Define the terms: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis

• Define the terms: anatomic position; sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and frontal planes

• Use proper terminology to describe the location of body parts with respect to one another

Objectives


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Anatomic Position (1 of 3)

• Topographic anatomy

• Terms that describe the position and movement of the body

• Anatomic position

• Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described


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• Universal position • Subject stands

upright, facing the observer with arms straight and palms forward


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• Directional terms

• Always pertain to the patient’s right or left


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Anatomic Planes (1 of 5)

• Frontal (coronal) plane

• Divides the body into front and back parts

• Anterior or ventral

• Situated toward the front of the body

• Posterior or dorsal

• Situated toward the back of the body


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• Transverse (cross-horizontal) plane • Divides the body into the cranial and

caudad parts• Cranial (cephalad) or superior

• Refers to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure

• Caudad or inferior • Refers to a structure that is closer to the

feet or lower than another structure


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•Median (midsagittal) plane or midline•Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves •Medial

•Situated toward the midline of a structure or organ

•Lateral •Situated away from the midline of a structure or organ


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• Sagittal plane • Vertical plane parallel to the median

plane, dividing the body into unequal left and right parts


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Proximal and Distal

• Proximal • Nearer to or toward the trunk of the

body• Distal

• Farther from the trunk and toward the free end of an extremity


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Imaginary Lines (1 of 2)

• Midaxillary line • Vertical line drawn through the

axilla to the waist• Anterior axillary line

• Parallel line drawn just an inch or so in front of the midaxillary line

• Posterior axillary line• A parallel line drawn an inch or so

behind the midaxillary line


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Imaginary Lines (2 of 2)

• Midclavicular line• Vertical line

through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline


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Abdominal Quadrants (1 of 2)

• Right upper quadrant

• Left upper quadrant

• Right lower quadrant

• Left lower quadrant


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Abdominal Quadrants (2 of 2)

• Purpose of boundaries

• Specific organs are located in each of the four quadrants, and pain or injury can be described as being in a quadrant


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Movement (1 of 7)

• Range of motion (ROM) The full distance that a joint can be

moved


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Movement (2 of 7)

• Flexion • From the anatomic position, moving

a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk

• Flexion of the elbow brings the hand closer to the shoulder

• Flexion of the knee brings the foot up to the buttocks

• Flexion of the fingers forms the hand into a fist


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Movement (3 of 7)

• Extension

• Motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position

• In the anatomic position, all extremities are in extension


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Movement (4 of 7)

• Possible neck positions when the patient is found in the supine position:

• Neutral

• Extension

• Flexion


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Movement (5 of 7)

• Internal rotation

• Describes turning an extremity medially toward the midline

• External rotation

• Describes turning an extremity away from the midline


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Movement (6 of 7)

• Rotation can be applied to the spine

• Spine is rotated when it twists on its axis

• Placing the chin on the shoulder rotates the cervical spine


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Movement (7 of 7)

• Abduction

• Moves an extremity away from the midline

• Adduction

• Moves the extremity toward the midline


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Positions (1 of 5)

• Recumbent • The patient is lying

down or leaning back

• Supine • A body that is

resting on its back with the face upward


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Positions (2 of 5)

• Prone

• A body that is lying with the face and abdomen downward


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Positions (3 of 5)

• Fowler's • A patient who

is sitting up• Semi-Fowler's

• A patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back


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Positions (4 of 5)

• Trendelenburg's • A modification of the

supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion

• The patient has lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and brain


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Positions (5 of 5)

• Recovery• Used for patients

who have not sustained trauma to the neck or back

• Used to help drain fluids from the mouth

Documents

Anatomic Definitions 1. Human Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics, AAOS 1 Define the terms: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis Define