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Annual Report 2012
Annual Report 2012
Karolinska Institutet
Ref. no. 1-18/2013
Karolinska Institutet is one of the world’s leading medical universities. Its mission is to contribute to the improvement of human health through research and education. Karolinska Institutet accounts for over 40 per cent of the medical academic research conducted in Sweden and offers the country´s broadest range of education in medicine and health sciences. Since 1901 the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has selected the Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine.
Cover photo
Anna Eklöf has studied speech and language pathology at Karolinska Institutet. In 2012, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education evaluated every study programme in speech and language pathology in Sweden and Karolinska Institutet got the highest grade.
Speech therapists specialise in communication disorders as well as swallowing disorders and the therapy of these disorders.
Speech and language pathology studies disorders in human speech, how these disorders arise, what causes it and how to manage them.
By injury or disease, people can be affected to the point where it isdifficult or impossible to communicate with others. The ability to communicate through language is absolutely vital for the quality of life..
Annual Report 2012
Karolinska Institutet
Ref. no. 1-18/2013
Karolinska Institutet’s education and research 2012
Söder Hospital183FTE studentsResearch SEK 40 million 41 FTE employees
“Research” indicates total assets, excluding premises and funding for medical training and research.
KI Solna Campus1,478 FTE studentsResearch SEK 1,548 million 1,938 FTE employees
KI Huddinge Campus with Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge3,110 FTE studentsResearch SEK 921 million 1,087 FTE employees
Karolinska University Hospital, Solna839 FTE studentsResearch SEK 1,282 million1,101 FTE employees
Danderyd Hospital235 FTE studentsResearch SEK 33 million26 FTE employees
4 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Karolinska Institutet in brief 5Key ratios 6Karolinska Institutet’s structure 7 President’s comments on the year 8Results of operations 10Internal management and control 11
Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and master’s (second-cycle) education 12
Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education 27
Common to all operations 39
Collaboration and innovation 41
Internationalisation 46
Quality 47
Equal opportunities 48
Sustainable development 49
Human resources and competence supply 50
Infrastructure 56
Financial report 58Notes 71The university board 80Appendix 84
Figures in the tables provided in this annual report have been rounded up, so that the totals, etc., do not appear consistent.
Table of contents
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 5
Karolinska Institutet in brief, 2012
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Programmes with number of degrees awarded
Professional qualifications• Occupationaltherapy 60• Audiology 18• Midwifery 56• Biomedicallaboratoryscience 52• Speechandlanguagepathology 4• Medicine 272• Optometry 29• Psychology 18• Psychotherapy 14• Radiographynursing 39• Physiotherapy 107• Nursing 14• Specialistnursing 419• Dentalhygiene 38• Dentistry 70• Dentaltechnology 13
General Qualifications• Universitydiplomas 1• Bachelor’s 351• Master’s(oneyear) 159• Master’s(twoyear) 137• BroadMaster’s(oneyear) 7
Total 1,878
(No.ofindividualstudents:1,668)
KIalsoarrangessingle-subjectcoursesforsupplementaryqualificationsandfurthereducation.
5,885full-timeequivalent(FTE)studentsand5,307annualperformanceequivalents(APEs).
305incomingstudentsand139outgoingstudentsonexchangeprogrammes.
Research and education – doctoral level
• 5295articlespublished,includingothers(2011)• 2,165activedoctoralstudents(≥10%active)• 359completeddoctoraldegreesand14licentiatedegrees
Asset management (market capitalisation)
• SEK259millioninfundmanagement• SEK1,235millioninfoundationmanagement
Staff
4,192employees(FTE),comprising:• 367professors(27%)• 159seniorlecturers(58%)• 161postdoctoralfellows(51%)• 159lecturers(75%)• 793seniorresearchfellows(53%)• 572doctoralstudents(64%)• 1,068labandtechnicalstaff(69%)• 913administrativestaff(84%)Note:Thefiguresinbracketsgivethepercentageofwomen.Totalnumberofwomen:2,662(64%)
Funding
Total:SEK5,646million,ofwhich:• 2,566directgovernmentfunding• 730researchcouncils• 389othergovernmentagencies• 738Swedishfoundationsandorganisations• 197Swedishcompanies• 540countycouncilsandmunicipalities• 432foreignfinanciers,including –194EU –162foundationsandotherorganisations –76companies• 55financialrevenue
Premises
Totalarea:213,881m2
Cost:SEK667million
6 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Key ratios2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Education and research
FTE, full time equivalent, students1 5,885 5,815 5,524 5,595 5,336Cost per FTE student (SEK thousand)* 154 146 144 143 143APEs1 5,307 5,351 5,050 5,012 5,052Cost per APE (SEK thousand)* 170 159 157 159 151Number of fee-paying students 34 10New doctoral admissions 438 409 450 420 420– women 57% 61% 62% 61% 60%– men 43% 39% 38% 39% 40%Doctoral students, total > 10% activity 2,165 2,133 2,076 2,028 2,080– women 61% 62% 62% 61% 61%– men 39% 38% 38% 39% 39%Doctoral students with employment (FTEs) 572 544 519 515 491Doctoral students with grant (FTEs) 380 340 347 342 362Average study time, licentiate students (net) 3.03 2.56 2.05 2.38 2.19Average study time, doctoral students (net) 4.26 4.21 4.21 3.94 3.83Doctoral degrees awarded 359 349 367 392 352Licentiate degrees awarded 14 14 21 17 15Peer-reviewed scientific publications ** 4,090 3,901 3,801 3,789Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication (SEK thousand)*** 1,043 1,062 1,022 925
Staff
FTEs 4,192 4,109 3,944 3,875 3,453Average staff 4,716 4,699 4,545 4,382 3,988Teaching staff: (FTEs) 846 845 801 812 753– women 46% 47% 46% 47% 48%– men 54% 53% 54% 53% 52%Teaching staff with doctoral degrees (FTEs) 714 707 665 634 573– women 41% 41% 40% 38% 38%– men 59% 59% 60% 62% 62%Professors (FTEs) 367 347 331 328 316– women 27% 26% 24% 21% 20%– men 73% 74% 76% 79% 80%
Finance
Revenue, total (SEK million), of which 5,646 5,340 5,253 4,880 4,476
Bachelor’s and Master’s education (SEK million) 954 926 851 853 850
– direct government funding (%) 87% 87% 89% 89% 89%
– external revenue (%) 13% 13% 11% 11% 11%
Doctoral education and research (SEK million) 4,692 4,415 4,402 4,027 3,626
– direct government funding (%) 37% 37% 36% 33% 36%
– external revenue (%) 63% 63% 64% 67% 64%
Costs, total (SEK million) 5,506 5,188 4,994 4,734 4,325– Staff 52% 53% 52% 53% 51%– Premises 12% 11% 11% 12% 12%Premises costs2 per m2 (SEK) 3,118 2,916 2,761 2,791 2,696Balance sheet total (SEK million), of which 5,017 4,899 4,658 4,105 3,626– unexpended grants 2,313 2,277 2,224 2,030 1,652– change in capital for the year 108 145 255 149 164– administrative capital (incl. change in cap. for the year) 1,289 1,196 1,079 812 665– of which subsidiaries (KI Holding AB) 82 97 129 122 119
1 Excluding contract education and contracted courses.2 As stated in the revenue statement. * Including costs incurred within funding for medical training and research and the dental care centre. ** Figure not given owing to delay in registration, which would otherwise distort the statistics. The figures for 2008–2010 have also been adjusted due to the aforementioned delay in registration. Also affects cost per publication.*** Including costs incurred within funding for medical training and research.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 7
Karolinska Institutet’s structure 2012
PRESIDENTManagement Group
Board ofHigher Education
UNIVERSITY BOARD Internalaudit
University Administration
University Library
KI Holding AB
Board ofDoctoral Education
Board ofResearch
Comparative Medicine
Councils and Committees
22 DEPARTMENTS
KI Solna CampusDepartment of cell and molecular biology (CMB)Department of physiology and pharmacology (FyFa)Department of learning, informatics, management and ethics (LIME)Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics (MBB)Department of medical epidemiology and biostatistics (MEB)Department of microbiology, tumor and cell biology (MTC)Department of environmental medicine (IMM)Department of Neuroscience (Neuro)
KI at Karolinska University Hospital (Solna) and Danderyd HospitalDepartment of public health sciences (PHS)Department of clinical neuroscience (CNS)Department of clinical science, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS)Department of woman and child health (KBH)Department of medicine, Solna (MedS)Department of molecular medicine and surgery (MMK)Department of oncology–pathology (OnkPat)
KI Huddinge Campus with Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Söder HospitalDepartment of biosciences and nutrition (BioNut)Department of clinical science and education, Söder Hospital (KI SÖS)Department of clinical sciences, intervention and technology (CLINTEC)Department of laboratory medicine (LABMED)Department of medicine, Huddinge (MedH)Department of neurobiology, care sciences and society (NVS)Department of dental medicine ( DENTMED)
8 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Strong international presenceAsIwritethisforeword,theinaugurationceremonyformypresidencyhasrecentlytakenplaceattheCityHall.Ihavebeencommissionedwiththeleadershipofastrongandexpandingmedicaluniversityinaperiodofgreatchange,whichbearsthehallmarkofmypredecessor.IwouldthereforeliketoespeciallythankProfessorHarrietWallberg-HenrikssonforallheraccomplishmentsasPresidentofouruniversity.
KarolinskaInstitutet(KI)istodayaleadingresearchuniversitywithastronginternationalpresenceandhighvisibilityinSwedishsociety.Itiswithpleasureandpride,butalsohumility,thatInowacceptthiscommissionasKI’stwenty-firstPresident.
Unique research initiative Thegovernment’slatestresearchandinnovationbillprovidesSwedenwithauniqueopportunitytoincreasetheinternationalcompetitivenessofourresearch.Togetherwiththepreviousbill,additionalannualfundsofninebillionhavebeenestimatedandasignificantportionhavebeenallocatedtolifesciences.Itisachallengeandagreatresponsibilityfortheeducationalinstitutionsandotherresearchactorstochanneltheseresourcestowardsactivitiesthatprovidethehighestqualityresearch.
SciLifeLab is becoming a national resourceThisyear,thegovernmenthasdecidedtostrengthenthefocusonScienceforLifeLaboratory(SciLifeLab)asanationalresourceforlarge-scalebasicandtranslationalcutting-edgeresearchwithinmolecularlifescience,medicineandenvironment.Thegovernment’sinvestmentisexpectedtoreachSEK300millionby2016.
InApril2012,AstraZenecajoinedtheinvestmenteffortsinSciLifeLabpreviouslydeterminedbythegovernmentandtheKnutandAliceWallenbergFoundation.Themainpriorityistosupportresearcher-initiatedtranslationalandpatient-orientedresearchwithinneurosciences,cancer,respiration,inflamma-tion,infectiousdiseases,diabetes,othermetabolicdisordersandcardiovasculardiseases.Theaimistoincreasetheunderstan-dingofdiseasemechanismsandvalidatenewtargetmoleculesfordiagnosisandtreatment.
Programme evaluationIn2012,theSwedishNationalAgencyforHigherEducationexaminednineofKI’sprogrammes;twoofwhichhavereceivedthegradeofveryhighquality,fivehavereceivedthegradeofhighqualityandtwoweregiventhegradeofpoorquality.
ThehighestgradewasachievedbytheSpeechandlanguagepathologyprogrammeandtheBachelor’seducationinPsycho-logy,whichisaverypleasingresult.However,allprogrammesatKIshouldconstitutehighqualityeducationandthelong-termgoalisforatleast50percentofallprogrammesinthefuturetoobtainthegradeofveryhighquality.Specificinterventionmeasureshavebeendevelopedfortheprogrammesthatwere
ratedpoorquality,butKIisnowworkingwithfocusedeffortstoimprovequalitywithinallprogrammes,includingelementssuchaspedagogicaldevelopmentandincreasedrelatedresearch.Inconnectiontothis,IwouldliketothankalltheKIemployeeswhoparticipatedinvariouswaysintheevaluationwork.
Collaboration with the County CouncilInthepastyear,thecooperationwithStockholmCountyCouncil(SCC)hasbeenintensified,forexamplethroughProject4D(fourdiagnoses),inordertocreatebetterconditionsforclinicalresearchanddevelopmentwithinhealthandmedicalcare.Thisappliestotheareasofheartfailureandthrombo-embolism,arthriticdiseases,type2diabetesandbreastcancer,andinformatics.Theaimoftheprojectisalsotoinvestigatehowtheresultsofclinicalresearchcanbeconvertedmorerapidlyintonewandimprovedtreatments,aswellastostrengthencollaborationwithpharmaceuticalandbiotechnologycompanies.
Mayo ClinicThecollaborationwiththeMayoClinicintheUnitedStateshasdeepened.Duringtheyear,jointmeetingstookplaceinStockholmaswellasinRochester,Minnesota.
Ajointoperationalsteeringgrouphasbeencreatedwiththetaskofstructuringandplanningfuturecooperation.Asajointventure,anannouncementwasmadeattheendoftheyearregardingtheopportunitytoapplyforfinancialaidfortravelinvolvedwithcooperationprojectswithinresearch,education,innovationandadministration.ThisisonlythefirststepandIlookforwardtocontinuedclosecooperationandnewinitiativesinthecomingyear.
Major investments in infrastructureConstructionworkhasbeenon-goingthroughouttheyear,bothwithourspectacularauditoriumandtheWiderströmBuilding,whichwillhousethedepartmentsofLearning,Informatics,ManagementandEthics(LIME)andPublicHealthSciences(PHS).InclosecooperationwithSCC,theintensiveprocessofdesigningabrandnewuniversityhospitalwillcontinue,whichwillincludealargelaboratorybuildingfortranslationalresearchwithafocusonprevalentdiseases.ThedesignofBiomedicum,whichwillbecomeoneofEurope’slargestresearchlaboratoriesforbiomedicalbasicresearch,isnowalmostcomplete.
DonationsKIhasreceivedanumberofdonationsin2012,whichcontributetoourlong-termresearchinavitalway.Iwanttotakethisopportunitytomentionafew:• Erling-PerssonFamilyFoundation,MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI)scannerforCardiovascularResearch (SEK28million)
President’s comments on the year
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 9
• StichtingafJochnickFoundation,researchonthe underlyingcausesofdiabetes(SEK15million)• FredrikLundberg,researchonarterialaneurysm (SEK13million)• BjörnochLenaUlvaeus,researchonblooddiseases (SEK3million)• MatsSundin,collaborationwiththeUniversityofToronto onchildren’shealth(SEK2million)
Inadditiontotheselargerdonations,wehavealsoreceivednumerousdonationsandgiftsofloweramountsandIwouldliketoextendawarmthankyoutoallourdonorsforyourfinancialsupportandcommitmenttoKI.
The futureIwishtohighlightthreekeyissuesrelevanttoKI’sfuture.WeneedtostrengthenKI’spositionasaleadinginternationalresearchuniversity.Wethereforeneedtoallocateadditionalresourcestosupportingthereallypromisingyoungresearchersatthebeginningoftheircareer,inordertoensureregrowthandincreasetheopportunitiesforinternationalrecruitment.
Wealsoneedtostrengthenourfirst-cycleprogrammes,sothatwecanattractthemostenergetic,enthusiasticandcreativestudentsfromallpartsoftheworld.Thesamerequirementsofexcellencethatweplaceonresearchmustbeplacedonourprogrammes.
Furthermore,weneedtodevelopourinteractionwithhealthandmedicalcare.ThehealthcarelandscapewithinwhichKIoperatesinisundergoingrapidchange.Thenumberofindividualhealthcareprovidersisgrowingrapidly,whichcanleadtofragmentationandtherebyjeopardisetheepidemiological,clinical,andtranslationalresearchthatconstituteimportantpartsofKI’sinternationalcompetitiveability.Consequently,KIneedstodevelopanewstrategyforcollaborationwiththehealthcaresystem.
Finally,IwouldliketopointoutthatKI’ssuccess–past,presentandfuture–issolelythankstomanyindividualemployees’creativity,brilliance,enthusiasm,competitivedesire,loyaltyand,notleast,hardwork.IthereforelookforwardwithgreatconfidencetocontinuedpositivedevelopmentforbothresearchandeducationatKI.
AndersHamsten President
10 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
The Annual Reports and Budget Documentation OrdinanceInaccordancewithChapter3,Section1oftheAnnualReportsandBudgetDocumentationOrdinance(SFS2000:605),theauthoritiesshallcommentontheresultsofoperationsrelativetotheinformationsetforthintheauthority’sinstructionsand,whereappropriate,whatthegovernmenthasspecifiedinpublicserviceagreementsorinanotherdecision.
Theprofitandlossaccountingshouldprimarilyrelatetohowtheoperation’sperformancehasevolvedintermsofvolumeandcosts.
Thereportmustbesubmittedaccordingtotheclassificationdeterminedbytheauthority,unlessthegovernmenthasdecidedotherwise.
Instructions for higher education institutions – the Higher Education ActThepublicserviceagreementof2012foruniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutions,stipulatesthattheoverallgoalsforuni-versities’andhighereducationinstitutes’operationsarefoundintheHigherEducationAct.
TheActstatesthatthetwomaintasksofuniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsareeducation,whichhasascientificorartisticbasisaswellasreliableexperience,andalsoresearchandartisticdevelopmentalongwithotherdevelopmentwork.
Alsoincludedinthehighereducationinstitutions’tasksisthattheymustcollaboratewiththesurroundingsociety,provideinformationontheiroperationsandendeavourfortheirresearchresults,developedattheinstitution,tobeappliedinaneffectivemanner.
Operationsshouldalso,forexample,beconductedinsuchaway• thatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenresearchand education,• thatscientificcredibilityandgoodresearchpracticesare safeguarded,• thatahighqualityisachievedwithintheoperations,• thattheavailableresourcesareutilisedeffectively,• thatsustainabledevelopmentispromotedwithinthe operations,• thatequalitybetweenwomenandmenisalwaysobserved andpromoted,and• thattheoperationspromoteanunderstandingofother countriesandinternationalconditions.
Furthermore,studentsshouldbegiventherighttoinfluencetheeducation,andtheeducationalinstitutionsshouldactivelypromoteandbroadenthescopeofrecruitment.
Strategy 2012KIhasestablishedadevelopmentstrategyfor2010–2012:Themissioninvolvescontributingtotheimprovementofpeople’shealththroughresearchandeducation.
ThevisionisforKItobeoneoftheworld’sleadinguniversitieswithinthemedicalfield.
Itisonthebasisofgoalsandreportingrequirementsinthereferredtodocumentsthatthisannualreportisdeveloped.
Results of operations
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 11
KIisencompassedbytheInternalControlOrdinance(2007:603).Inviewoftheestablishedriskanalysisandtheimplementedandplannedworkwithapprovedcontrolactivities,theBoardofKarolinskaInstitutet’sassessmentintheannualreportisthatinternalcontrolatKIissatisfactory.
Thisyear’sworkhasbeenbasedonpreviouslyagreedrulesandguidelinesforinternalcontrolatKI,whereamorethoroughriskanalysishasbeencarriedoutduringthefinancialyear2012.ThedeparturepointfortheriskanalysishasbeenKI’smissioninaccordancewiththeHigherEducationActandOrdinance,publicserviceagreementsandtheUniversity’sdevelopmentstrategy.Inaddition,significantobservationsinconjunctionwithinternalandexternalauditinghavebeenconsidered.
Thisyear,theBoardofKarolinskaInstitutethasidentifiedelevenriskareaswheredecisionshavebeenmaderegardingtargetedcontrolactivities:namely,thelossofdegree-awardingpowers,inadequateteacheraccesswithineducation,thelackofmoderntechnologyplatformsandtoolswithineducation,limitedopportunitiesforclinicalresearchandeducation,scientificfraud,restrictiveregulationsonregistrydataandanimalactivity,thelackofresearchdocumentation,inadequatemedicalinformaticsforKI/SCC,insufficientadaptationatKIbasedonchangesinhealthcare,thelackofcompliancewiththePublicProcurementActandreclamationduetopoormanagementoffundsandreportingtoexternalfinanciers.
Duringtheyear,previouslyapprovedcontrolactivitieshavebeenfollowedupontwooccasions,wheresignificantresultshavebeenreportedtotheBoardofKarolinskaInstitutet,includingthedevelopmentofKI’sinformationsecurityandIT.
Aframeworkforinformationsecuritymeasureshasbeendevelopedwithcomprehensivepreparationsforimplementation.Intheautumnof2012,twoseniorpositionswerealsofilledwithininformationsecurityandIT.
On13February2012,theSwedishNationalAuditOfficesubmittedanauditreportcontainingobservationsrelatingtotheprocurementandpurchasingprocesswhereKI,initsofficiallettertotheNationalAuditOfficeon23April2012,hadreportedplannedandimplementedmeasureswithinthearea.Duringtheyear,workhascontinuedtosignificantlystrengtheninternalcontrolsinordertoensurethatthePublicProcurementActisfollowed.Furtherdevelopmentworkisrequired.
Inadecisionon29May2012,theOfficeoftheChancellorofJusticewasextremelycriticalofKIfordeficienciesinrecordkeepingandcaseadministration.Throughoutthefiscalyear,majoreffortshavebeeninstitutedinordertoovercometheseshortcomings.Thesemeasureshaveincludedtheclarificationofresponsibilities,traininginitiativesandareviewoftheoperations’registration.Preparationshavebeenmadefortheintroductionofanewregistrationsystemandelectronicworkflowmanage-mentsystemwhichwillbeupandrunningin2013.
Inordertoimprovetheefficiency,qualityassuranceandintegrationoftheinternalcontrolprocess,aswellasoperationalplanningandmonitoring,theBoardofKarolinskaInstitutetreachedadecisionon20February2012regardingactivitiesinKI’sannualplanfor2012–2013.TheworkhasresultedinclearerinstructionsforoperationalplanningandKI’sfirstcompre-hensiveoperationalplancontainingtasksandabudgetforthecomingyear.
Internal control
12 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 13
KarolinskaInstitutetisuniqueinSwedenwithrespecttoitsbroad,virtuallycomprehensiveprospectuswithinmedicineandhealthcare.
KIoffered40studyprogrammesduringtheyearandadvertisedover130separatesingle-subjectcourses.Thefocusoftheprospectusisonprogrammesthatleadtoaprofessionalqualificationaswellascontinuingeducationforthosewhoalreadyhaveaneducationwithinhealthandmedicalcare.
KIcontinuallyreviewsitsprospectusandhasinrecentyearsstrivedtoconcentratetheselectionofprogrammesonoffer.AnestablishedgoalisforKItoonlyofferprogrammeswithactiveresearchwithinthemainsubjectarea.KIisalsoendea-vouringtoadapttheprospectustothereceivers’needs,aswellasincreasetheproportionofprogrammesatthesecond-cyclelevel.
TherehavebeenfewnewinitiativesthisyearasKIhashadaperiodofover-production,whereinfundingsavingswillbeexhaustedforthenestfewyears.Twonewspecialistnursing
programmesinmedicalandsurgicalcarerespectivelywerelaunchedintheautumntermof2012.TheMasterProgrammeinHealthInformaticswasmodifiedpriorto2012andisnowaprogrammecomprisingajointdegreetogetherwithStockholmUniversity.Theaimistoprovidetheprogrammewithaclearerlinktotheon-goingresearchwithinthefieldatbothuniversities.
AsKIestimatesanover-productioninthenextfewyears,decisionshavebeenmadethataimtoadjusttheprospectustotheestablishedfundingcap.Duringtheyear,KIcommencedthephasingoutoftwobeginnersstudyprogrammes,DentalTechnologyandPublicHealthSciences.Decisionshavealsobeenreachedtosignificantlyreducethescopeofsingle-subjectcourses,butthiswillnotenterintoeffectuntil2013.
In2012,thebreakdownintodifferenttypesofprogrammesandcourses,aswellasthebreakdownofcoursesintofirst-cycleandsecond-cycle,remainedunchangedforthemostpartfrom2011,whichisillustratedinthetablesbelow.
Prospectus
Bachelor’s and Master’s courses(including courses settled against supplementary funding)
2009 2010 2011 2012
FTEs % FTEs % FTEs % FTEs %
Bachelor’s 3,603 64 3,423 62 3,480 60 3,554 60
Master’s 1,848 33 2,035 37 2,289 39 2,290 39
Unclassified 144 3 66 1 46 1 41 1
Total 5,595 100 5,524 100 5,815 100 5,885 100
Source: Ladok
Breakdown of programmes that lead to a general qualification, programmes that lead to a professional qualification and single-subject courses
2009 2010 2011 2012
FTEs % FTEs % FTEs % FTEs %
General qualification – beginner 328 6 264 5 248 4 211 4
General qualification – continuation 344 6 393 7 443 8 424 7
Professional qualification – beginner 3,939 70 3,726 67 3,832 66 3,976 68
Professional qualification – continuation 585 10 566 10 582 10 573 10
Single-subject courses 399 7 575 11 709 12 701 12
Total 5,595 100 5,524 100 5,815 100 5,885 100
Source: Ladok
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201214
Wideningparticipationinvolvesboththerecruitmentofnewgroupsofstudents–withtheaimofreducingtherecruitmentimbalance–aswellasthecreationofgoodstudyconditionsforthosealreadystudyingattheuniversity.
During2012,KIintensifieditseffortswithregardtolanguagesupportforstudents,throughexpandinglanguagesupportinSwedish.Inaddition,KIofferslanguagesupportinEnglishstartingfrom2012.KIalsoofferslanguagesupportatadistance,anactivitythatisprimarilyaimedatstudentsstudyingabroad.Thepreviouslyavailableseminarseriesonscientificwritinghas,duringtheyear,beenprovidedwithinadditionalstudyprogrammes.Finally,KIalsooffersstudentsalectureseriesinstudyskillsandstressmanagement.
Aspartofeffortstowideningparticipation,KIhas,forexample,introducedstudentambassadors.ThestudentambassadorsvisitandpresentKI’srangeofactivitiesatuppersecondaryschoolswithinStockholmcounty.KIseeksasdiverseagroupofambassadorsaspossible,bothintermsofgenderandethnicity.Furthermore,KIcollaborateswithHuddinge,SolnaandTenstauppersecondaryschool,wherecollaborativeactivi-tiesareongoing.Theseactivitiesincludeelementssuchasinspi-rationallecturesandstudyvisits.AnotherimportantpartoftheworkwithwideningparticipationisthatKIoffersprospectivestudentstheopportunityto”shadowastudent”.
Professional qualification course for opticians
KIassessedthattherewasnoidentifiableneedtoinitiateaprofessionalqualificationcourseforopticiansin2012.
The students
Ingeneral,KI’sprogrammeshaveahighacceptanceratioandthisfigurehasincreasedsomewhatwhencomparedto2011.Thetotalnumberofqualifiedfirstchoiceapplicantshasincreasedbyslightlymorethantwopercentincomparisonwith2011.TheStudyProgrammeinMedicineandtheStudyProgrammeinPsychologyhavethehighestacceptanceratioatKI,aswellas
inanationalperspective.Followingafairlysignificantdeclinein2011–resultingfromtheintroductionoftuitionfees–theacceptanceratiofortheone-andtwo-yearMaster’sprogrammeshasincreasedagain,bothinthenationalandinternationaladmissionsrounds.
Widening participation
Acceptance ratio by programme type (qualified first-choice applicants)
2009 2010 2011 2012
Places Ratio Places Ratio Places Ratio Places Ratio
Beginner 986 4.8 1,142 5.1 1,297 4.6 1,245 4.9
Continuation - excl. Master’s (1/2 year) 678 2.1 511 2.9 618 3.1 674 2.8
Master’s (1/2 year) 225 2.8 334 2.9 362 1.9 325 2.3
Total 1,889 3.6 2,087 4.1 2,277 3.8 2,244 3.9
Sources: VHS (Swedish Agency for Higher Education Services), NyA Open
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 15
Asshowninthediagrambelow,thepercentageofbeginnersunder24yearsofagehasincreasedsignificantlybetween2011and2012,and–withtheexceptionof2010–anincreaseisalso
notedincomparisontopreviousyears.Theincreaseinpercen-tageofyoungerstudentsmaybeduetothenewadmissionsandselectioncriteriaintroducedin2010.
StudentparticipationisanimportantpartofKI’sdraftinganddecisionmakingprocesses.StudentsatalllevelshavetheopportunitytoinfluenceKI’sdraftinganddecisionmakingbodies,includingKI’sManagementGroup.
Astrongstudentpresenceisparticularlyimportantinbodiesthathaveadirectresponsibilityformattersofeducation.KIthereforerequiresthatatleastonestudentrepresentativebepresentatmeetingsforsuchbodiestobequorate,providedthatastudentrepresentativehasbeenappointed.
In2012,womenconstituted68percentofthestudentrepresentativesindecision-makingbodies:KI’sBoard,theinternalexecutiveboardsandprogrammecommittees,anincreaseoffivepercentagepointscomparedwith2011.However,thedifferenceinnominaltermsissmall.Intheprogrammecommittees,thegenderdistributionis
representativeofthestudentpopulation–73percentbeingwo-men–whichisnotthecaseintheotheraforementionedbodies.Inordertopromotestudentinfluence,KIorganisesannualseminarsforstudentsactivewithinKI’sdraftinganddecision-makingbodies.StudentsareeducatedonapplicablelawsandprovisionsaswellasonKI’sorganisationalanddecision-makingstructure.Attheprogrammecommitteelevel,continuousdiscussionsareconductedontheimportanceofstudentinfluence.
KIhasanagreementwiththetwounionsattheUniversityregardingtheirresponsibilityforstudentparticipationandeducationalaffairs.Includedintheagreementisfinancialsupportforthesetasks,aswellasfortheStudents’andGraduateStudents’Ombudsman.Duringtheyear,anewagreementhasbeendrawnupfor2013–2015.
Breakdown by age
Student influence
Age distribution of beginners on beginner’s programmes 2012 Age distribution of beginners on continuation programmes 2012
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2009 2010 2011 2012
< 24 years
25–34 years
>35 years
< 24 years
25–34 years
>35 years
< 24 years
25–34 years
>35 years
< 24 years
25–34 years
>35 years
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2009 2010 2011 2012
< 24 years
< 24 years
< 24 years
< 24 years
25–34 years
25–34 years
25–34 years
25–34 years
>35 years >35 years >35 years >35 years
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201216
Thetotalnumberofdegreesawardedhasdecreasedsignificantlywhencomparedto2011;from2,239to1,878.ThedecreaseisduetoKI–asaresultoflosingitsdegree-awardingpowers–havingnoadmissionstotheStudyProgrammeinNursingduring2009.Thisimpactsboththenumberofnursingdegrees
awardedandBachelordegreeswithnursingastheirmainfieldofstudy.Severalotherdegreeshaveincreasedinnumber.Thisyear,thefirstbatchofpsychologystudentsatKIgraduated.ThenumberofdegreesawardedperprogrammeisshowninTable7intheTablesappendix.
Degrees awarded
TheStudyProgrammeinPsychologyatKIbeganintheautumntermof2007with40places.Inthepublicserviceagreementfor2009and2010respectively,KIwasawardedanadditional15
beginnerplaces(7.5FTEstudents),whichmeansthattheplannednumberofbeginnerplacesis70.Intheautumnterm2012,84studentswereregisteredonterm1.
Admissions to the Study Programme in Psychology
Accordingtothepublicserviceagreement,KIistoreportthenumberofFTEstudentsonboththeMedicineandDentistryprogrammes.Theinformationisshowninthetabletotheright.ThewayinwhichthenumberofFTEstudentshasdevelopedovertimeispresentedinTable6oftheTablesappendix.
FTE students in the Study Programme in Medicine and Study Programme in Dentistry
Total number of FTE students in the Study Programme in Medicine and Study Programme in Dentistry 2012Study Programme in Medicine 1,516Study Programme in Dentistry 396
Source: Ladok
CommissionedworkatKIconsistsoftwoparts:contracteducationandcontractedcourses.
Therevenueforcommissionedworkhas,asshowninthediagramtotheright,decreasedsomewhatwhencomparedwith2011,andamountstooverSEK70millionin2012.Municipalitiesandcountycouncilsarethesinglelargestclients.
Commissioned work
Revenue from commissioned work, 2003–2012, excluding tuition fees
0
15
30
45
60
75
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: Agresso
Number of degrees awarded
Degree 2009 2010 2011 2012
Professional qualifications 1,488 1,416 1,466 1,223
General Qualifications 697 728 773 655
Total number of degrees 2,185 2,144 2,239 1,878
Total number of individuals 1,792 1,786 1,888 1,668
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 17
Revenue from commissioned work divided by financier, 2012
County councils and municipalities 45%
Higher educational institutions 12%
Organisations and foundations 4%
Swedish companies 19%
Foreign 11% Other government agencies 9%
Source: Agresso
Intotal,revenuefromcontracteducationhasdiminished.Thisisduetoadecreaseintheextentofnon-accreditingcontracteducation.
Accreditingcontracteducationhashoweverincreasedcomparedto2011,bothintermsofrevenue,FTEstudentsandAPEs.Throughastrategicinitiativeaimedathealthcareproviders,furthercommissionshavebeengenerated.Anin-
creasehasbeenobservedinseveralsubjectfields,suchassocialpsychiatryandmedicine.Thisyear,theNationalBoardofHealthandWelfarehasbeenamajorclient,butthesecommissionsendedin2012.In2013,thecurrentrecessionisexpectedtoresultinadecreaseintheextentofaccreditingcontracteducation.
Contract education
FTE students and APEs in contract education
2009 2010 2011 2012
FTE students 181 178 235 250
APEs 192 128 202 222
Source: Ladok
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201218
InternationalisationworkatKIisconductedinaccordancewiththe”Actionplanfortheinternationalisationoffirst-cycleandsecond-cycleeducation,2010–2012”.
Thisyear,KIandthestudentunionshavecooperatedinordertoimprovethereceptionandservicesprovidedforincomingstudents.Thisworkisvitalforattractingforeignstudents,notleastthosesubjecttotuitionfees.Furthermore,KIhascollaborateswiththeUniversityofOviedoinSpainwithintheErasmusMundusprogramme;theoneyearMaster’sprogramme”PublicHealthinDisasters”comensesin2013.Thisprogrammeleadstoajointdegree.
Inaddition,theannualactivitieshavebeencarriedout,suchasinformationmeetingsregardingteacherandstudentexchange,socialactivitiesforincomingteachersandstudents,aswellascoursesinteachinginEnglish.ThescopeofKI’slong-standingcollaborationwithMakerereUniversityinUgandahasbeenfurtherexpandedin2012withtheadditionoftwomoreofKI’sstudyprogrammes.
KIisworkingtoincreaseteacherexchange.Thenumberofoutgoingteachershas,however,halvedduringtheyearduetothegovernmentexchangeprogramme”MobilityforTeachersandStudentswithinhighereducation,2011–2012”comingtoanend.Thenumberofoutgoingstudentshasalsodeclined,while
thenumberofincomingstudentsisrelativelyconsistent(seeTable8intheTablesappendixformoreinformation).ThedeclineinexchangewithintheframeworkoftheLinnaeus-Palmeprogrammehasdecreasedowingtoseveralprojectscomingtoanendandnewprojectsbeinginthedevelopmentphase.Onlyplanningtripsandteacherexchangetakeplaceduringthisdevelopmentphase.
Inadditiontothis,anumberofKIstudentseachyearcompletepartoftheirthesisworkabroadwithinexchangeprogrammes.In2012,anumberofmedicalstudentshavealsoconducteddatacollectionabroadfortheirthesis,howevernotwithintheframeworkofanexchangeprogramme.Studentswhoparticipateininternationalcoursessuchas”GlobalHealth”and”MedicaldevelopmentinEuropeandtheEU”alsocompletepartoftheireducationabroad.
Actionhastakentodevelopanewactionplanfortheinter-nationalisationoffirst-cycleandsecond-cycleprogrammesduringtheyear.ThegoaloftheplanisforKIgraduatestohavetheabilitytoworkbothinmulticulturalenvironmentsandinaninternationalmarketwithvaryingeconomicandsocialconditions.KIshouldalsobeanattractivestudydestinationforinternationalstudents.
Student exchange, 2012
Internationalisation
N O R T H A M E R I C A
S O U T H A M E R I C AA F R I C A
E U R O P E
A S I A
O C E A N I A
21 31
4 5
225 65
14 13
25 10
16 15
OUTGOING FROM KI
INCOMING TO KI
Source: Ladok
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 19
FTE students, 2012Total 5,885
Single-subject courses 12%
Medicine 26%
Physiotherapy 6%
Nursing 10%
Psychology 4%
Dentistry 7%Occupational therapy 3%
Other beginners’ programmes 12%
Biomedical lab science 3%
Specialist nursing (cont.) 8%
Other continuation programmes 2%
Master’s programmes 7%
Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs)In2012,thenumberofFTEstudentswas5,885andthenumberofAPEs5,307withintheframeworkofthefundingcap.Theresultisslightlylowerthanpreviouslyforecast.Theresultfor2012isSEK11.2millionoverthefundingcap,includingremunerationforAPEsfromDecember2011.
ThenumberofFTEstudentshasincreasedsomewhatincomparisonto2011,whilethenumberofAPEshasdecreased.Thisismainlyduetothefactthattherewere39courseweeksduring2012comparedtothenormal40andthat,asaresult,
moreexaminationswillberegisteredinthecalendaryear2013.Thecalculatedremunerationfortheyear’sactivitiesamountstoSEK598,958,000.TogetherwiththeperformancesfromDecem-ber2011ofSEK1,400,000thedirectgovernmentfundingfor2012willthusbeburdenedwithSEK600,358,000.Thisgivesanoutgoingappropriationssavingof49,785,000.
Eachprogramme’sshareofthetotalnumberofFTEstudentsisillustratedinthediagrambelow.ThenumberofFTEstudentsandAPEswithinthedifferentprogrammesisshowninTable6oftheTablesappendix.
Educational assignment
Source: Ladok
Remuneration for FTE students and APEs within the funding cap including December performances, 2009–2012, SEK thousands
2009 2010 2011 2012
Funding cap 552,204 619,449 616,148 589,150
Remuneration 532,674 553,772 587,977 600,358
Under/over funding cap -19,530 -65,677 -28,171 11,208
Including supplementary appropriations during the period 2009–2011
Sources: Ladok, public service agreement
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201220
KIhadatotalof60fee-payingstudentsin2012.Withintheframeworkoftuitionfeeactivities,sevenMaster’sprogrammeshavebeenofferedinEnglishduringtheyear.
KIalsoofferedanumberofsingle-subjectcourses,alongwithcourseswithintheframeworkoftheEuroScholarsconsortiumandStockholmSummerSchool.ThelatterisacollaborationbetweenKI,KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnologyandStockholmUniversity.
ThirtyonenewstudentswereregisteredinKI’stwo-yearMaster’sprogrammesintheautumntermof2012.Inaddition,onestudentwasregisteredinthecomplementarytrainingfordentists.Ofthe32fee-payingstudents,12hadafullscholarshipwhile20studentspaidfees.Ofthetotalnumberofregisteredstudentsinterm1oftheMaster’sprogrammesinEnglish,thirdcountrystudentsrepresented15percentin2012.Thecorrespondingfigurefor2011was14percent.In2012,thenumberofFTEstudentswas33.6andthenumberofAPEswas27.7.
Internationalstudents’satisfactionwiththequalityofeducationandreceptionserviceshasincreasedsignificantly,asreflectedintheInternationalStudentBarometer2011/12.
TheinvestmentsmadebyKIwithinoperationsfinancedbytuitionfeesarealsointendedtobenefittheuniversity’sothereducationalactivities.KI’sassessmentisthatoperationsfinancedbytuitionfeesinvolveacertainamountofextraadministrativework.
Nonewstrategicagreementshavebeensignedwithuniver-sitiesoutsidetheEU/EEAareaasaresultoftheintroductionoftuitionfees.In2012,KIhad80thirdcountrystudentswithintheframeworkofexchangeagreements,comparedwith89studentsthepreviousyear.
LessthanSEK2.8millionofthecostsin2012representremunerationtothedepartmentsprovidingthecourses.Othercostsconsistofadministrationandmarketinginitiatives.
Tuition fees for students from a third country
Revenue and costs for operations financed by tuition fees (SEK thousand) 2011 2012Revenue 1,708 5,724Costs 3,645 5,895Total -1,937 -171
Source: Agresso
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 21
TheSwedishNationalAgencyforHigherEducation’sevaluationshavebeeninfocusthroughout2012.TenofKI’sprogrammeshavebeenaudited.Twoprogrammesreceivedthegradeof”veryhighquality”,fivereceivedthegradeof”highquality”andtwoweregiventhegradeof”poorquality”.Inonecase,theSwedishNationalAgencyforHigherEducationhasnotyetreachedadecision.
AsseveralofKI’sprogrammesleadtobothgeneralqualifi-cationsandprofessionalqualifications,theself-evaluationprocesshasbeenextensive.Thisprocesshasconstitutedavitalpartoftheinternalqualitywork,asshortcomingsidentifiedthroughtheself-evaluationhavebeenimmediatelyaddressed.KIhasdevelopedactionplansforthoseprogrammesthatreceiveda”poorquality”grade,andtheassessmentisthatthelevelofqualitywillbedeemedsatisfactorywhentheSwedishNationalAgencyforHigherEducationperformsitsfollow-upevaluation.KIwillanalyseandtakeadvantageofthesuccessfactorsfoundintheprogrammesreceivinga”veryhighquality”grade.
Measures to improve the quality of educationInordertoensureandimprovethequalityofKI’sdegreeprojectwork,allsyllabifordegreeprojectswillbeaudited,alongwithalmostonehundredtheses.ThepreliminaryresultsoftheauditsrevealthatanumberofsyllabineedtoberevisedtoachieveahighercompliancewiththequalitativetargetsoftheHigherEducationOrdinance.Furthermore,itappearsthattheprocessofsystematicqualityassuranceofdegreeprojectsmustconti-nue.Itshouldbenotedthat,astheauditreveals,shortcomingsinthesyllabidonotnecessarilyresultinqualitydeficienciesintheprojects.Thereisanon-goingdialogueregardingthestepsthatneedtobetakenbasedontheresultsoftheaudits.
Duringtheyear,KIhasworkedtodefinewhatconstitutesexcellenceineducation.Thepurposeistoprovidetheeducationalorganisationwithtoolsforcontinuedstrategicqualitymanage-ment.
Atthestartoftheyear,KIimplementedanewcriterion-referencedcourseevaluationthatiscommontoallprogrammes.Thesurveyiscurrentlybeingevaluated.MeasurestoimprovethequalityofteachingactivitiesTherearecurrentlyseveralfunctionsatKIwiththetaskofsupportingtheprofessionaldevelopmentofteachersandsupervisorsanddevelopingtheteachingqualitywithintheprogrammes.Inordertooptimisethissupport,KIhasdecidedtoorganisationallycoordinatethesefunctionsstartingin2013.
Teacher training courses and professional development In2012,tendifferentcourseswereprovidedforKIteachersinteachingandlearninginhighereducation.
TheEducationalCongressin2012,thusfarorganisedannuallybyKI,focusedonthepossibilitiesofdevelopingstudentlearningwiththehelpofIT.Thereweremorethan300participantsintheCongress,mostlycomprisingteachers,studentsandclinicalsupervisorsfromKI.
KI’sTeachers’Daywasconductedwiththetheme”Sustainableeducation–choicesforthefuture”.TheTeachers’Dayfocusedonsustainabledevelopmentinabroadperspectivethatincludedaspectsofinternationalisation,equalopportunities,entrepreneur-shipandethics.
Funding for pedagogical projects and distinctionsEachyear,KIsetsasidefundsforpedagogicaldevelopmentprojectsthataimtodevelopandimprovethequalityoffirst-cycleandsecond-cycleeducation.Fundingwasgrantedtofivedifferentprojectsin2012.InadditiontotheKI-specificfunds,StockholmCountyCouncil(SCC)allocatesprojectfundingforpedagogicalresearchanddevelopmentprojectswithinStockholm’shealthsciencesprogrammes.
KIannuallypresentsawardstoteachers,teacherteams,oradministrativestaffwhohaveconductedsignificantworkwithpedagogicaldevelopmentorrenewalwithinfirst-cycleorsecond-cycleprogrammes.
Duringtheyear,threenewmemberswereappointedtobeincludedinthePedagogicalAcademy.Establishedin2011,theaimoftheAcademyistocreateanetworkforKIteachers.
Development of learning environments and student engagementThroughout2012,workcontinuedontheproject”FutureLearningEnvironments”,whichisacollaborationwithSCC.TheprojectaimstodevelopbothformalandinformallearningenvironmentsatKIandathospitals.Twoinformalenvironmentshavebeeninauguratedthisyear,oncampusinHuddingeandSolnarespectively,andsimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutattheKarolinskaUniversityHospitalinHuddinge,Södersjukhuset(StockholmSouthGeneralHospital)andDanderydHospital.Thestudentsseemtobenefitfromtheseenvironmentsandanevaluationoftheprojecthasbeeninitiated.
Thesuccessfulseminarseries”Getinspiredbyaprofessor”thatstartedin2011hascontinueditsrunduring2012.Inorderforasmanystudentsaspossibletotakepartinthelectures,theyarebeingpublishedonKI’swebsite.
Quality
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201222
Gender distributionMostofKI’sfirst-cycleandsecond-cycleprogrammeshaveadistortedgenderratio,wheremenareintheminority.ItisonlytheStudyProgrammeinMedicinethathasarelativelyevengenderdistribution.Overall,thechangescomparedto2011areverysmall,butdifferencescanbenotedataprogrammelevel,forexample,theproportionofwomenamongbeginnersintheDentistryprogrammeincreasedbyabout12percentagepoints.Itisdifficulttoinfluencethegenderededucationalchoices.AsimilargenderdistributiontothatofKIcanbefoundatotheruniversitieswithhealthscienceprogrammes,aswellasinthelabourmarketthestudentsencounterfollowinggraduation.
KIinitiativesaimedatencouragingamoreevengenderdistributionamongthestudentsincludealwayshavingrepresentativesfrombothsexesinthemarketingcampaignstargetingprospectivestudents.KIhasalsoconductedaspecialprojectwithpurposeofprovidingin-depthknowledgeonwhyyoungmenarenotaslikelytoapplytoprogrammesinmedicineandhealthcare.Theresultshavebeenpublishedinthebook”Passingtheballandfittingin:Masculinity,footballandgender-relatededucationchoices”.TheseresultsmayalsobeusedbyKIinthecontextoffuturerecruitmentefforts.
The non-discrimination perspective in teachingDuring2012,thenon-discriminationperspectivehashadagreaterimpactinseveralofKI’sprogrammes.Thesubjectof
non-discriminationis,forexample,addressedincoursesdealingwithpatienttreatmentissuesandthefutureprofessionalroleofthestudents,butalsoincoursesdealingwithknowledgeareaswherealinkcanbemadebetweendifferentpatientgroupsandtheoccurrenceofdisease.Severalprogrammeshavealsointroducedissuesofdiscriminationintheircourseevaluationsurveys.
Furthermore,individualstudyprogrammeshaveconductedsurveysofstudentscomprisingtheunderrepresentedsex.Thesesurveysshowthattheyhaveaneedformalerolemodelsandthepossibilityofmeetinginasingle-sexenvironment.
Asincreasedknowledgeandawarenessamongsupervisorsandteachersisoneofthemostimportantconditionsforequalopportunitiesineducation,KIoffersitsteachersandclinicalsupervisorstrainingintheseissues.In2012,approximately130teachersandsupervisorsparticipatedinthistraining.KIalsoofferstrainingtothestudents,primarilywithregardtotheDiscriminationActandanon-discriminationperspectiveineducation.In2012,around165studentsparticipatedinthistraining.Inaddition,allnewstudentsareinformedaboutdiscriminationlegislationandaboutthesupportservicesavailableatKI.
Equal opportunities in teaching
Gender distribution of beginners on beginner’s programmes, 2012
Gender distribution of beginners on continuation programmes, 2012
0 % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Occupational therapy
Audiology
Biomedicine
Biomedical lab science
Speech pathology & therapy
Medicine
Optometry
Psychology
Radiology nursing
Physiotherapy
Nursing
Dental hygiene
Dentistry
Total
Women
Men
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Midwifery
Psychotherapy
Specialist nursing
Odontological prophylactis
Master’s 1 year
Master’s 2 year
Total
Women
Men
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 23
Dental careInaccordancewiththepublicserviceagreement,KarolinskaInstitutetisrequiredtooperateadentalcarecentreinconnectionwithitsdentistryeducation.Thedentalcarecentreshouldcatertoboththeprogramme’sneedsandtheneedforclinicalodontologicalresearchanddevelopment.Thefacilityconsistsofbothpaediatricandadultdentalcare.Servicesavailableatthedentalcarecentreincludeeverythingfromadvicetoadvancedspecialistcare.Supportfunctionsareconnectedtotheactivities.During2012,thecentre’sactivitiesinvolvedapproximately36,500patientvisits.TheappropriationitemforthedentalcarecentrewasSEK92,640andthetotalcostwasSEK111,304.Asidefromthedesignatedgovernmentfunding,KIallocatesadditionalfundstotheseactivities.
Complementary training for doctors, nurses and dentists from third countriesTogetherwiththeuniversitiesofLund,GothenburgandLinköping,KIiscommissionedwithprovidingcomplementarytrainingforindividualsfromthirdcountrieswhohavecompletedadegreeinmedicine,dentistryornursing.KIcoordinatestheeducationalinitiatives.
Thecomplementarytrainingfordoctorsinvolvesoneyear’sfulltimestudies(60credits),ofwhich30creditsareearnedthroughplacements.Theprogrammebuildsonthestudents’previousknowledgeandexperience,andgreatemphasisisplacedonstudentsintegratingtheirknowledgeandskillsinaSwedishhealthcarecontext.
Thecombinedexperienceachievedthroughtheprogrammeisconsideredpositivefrombothastudentandcoursemanagementperspective.However,theavailabilityofhighqualityplacementsis,toacertainextent,stillaproblem.Thestudent’sknowledgeoftheSwedishlanguageiscrucialbothforthestudent’sabilitytofollowtheprogrammeandwhenitcomestodeepeningtheirprofessionalknowledge.
Thecomplementarytrainingfornursesinvolvesoneyear’sfulltimestudies(60credits).Theoreticalstudiesareinter-spersedwithworkbasedelements.During2012,thesyllabusfortheprogrammehasbeenrevisedinordertoclarifytheintendedlearningoutcome.Furthermore,medicalSwedishhasbeenintegratedintoallaspectsofthecourse,andthepartsof
theprogrammetakingplaceoncampushavebeengivenamoreclinicalfocus.
Aswithpreviousyears,KIhasfoundthatagoodknowledgeofSwedishisessentialforsuccessfullycompletingtheeducation.Thecomplementarytrainingfordentistsinvolvesoneyear’sfull-timestudies(60credits)andconsistsofboththeoryandclinicalskillstraining.
Experiencesfromthesecondroundofeducationsuggestthatstudents’theoreticalandclinicalknowledgevarytoasignificantextent,andthattheeducationmustbeadaptedtothestudents’abilities.Priorto2013,KIwillrevisethesyllabiinordertofacilitateadaptationtotheneedsofindividualstudents.Aswithpreviousexperience,ithasbeenfoundthatknowledgeoftheSwedishlanguagealsovaries.Apilotprojectisbeingconductedin2012and2013togetherwithSwedishforImmigrants(SFI)inSödertäljeMunicipalityinordertoenablestudentstoimprovetheirknowledgeofSwedish.
Utilisation of funds for complementary trainingRevenueperFTEstudentamountstoalmostSEK237,000forthecomplementarytrainingfordoctors,morethanSEK131,000fortheeducationfornursesandmorethanSEK302,000fortheeducationfordentists.Themannerinwhichtheseresourceshavebeenusedispresentedbelow.Intheitem”admissions”,onlyadmissionscostsatthedepartmentallevelareincluded(overallassessment).Otheradmissionscostsareincludedintheindirectcosts.Inorderforthedataregardingtheproportionoffundsbeingusedforteachingnottobemisleading,dataonplacementsshouldalsobeincluded.
KIcontinuouslymonitorsthestudentsundertakingcomplementarytraininginordertomakeindividualadjustments–insofarasitisfinanciallypossible.During2012,KIdevelopedasurveyquestionnairethat,in2013,willbedistributedtoallwhohaveparticipatedincomplementarytraining.Thepurposeofthisstudyismainlytoinvestigatetheextenttowhichthosewhocompletedtheeducationhavefoundworkasadoctor,dentistornurse.
Special undertakings
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201224
Reporting of certain data
Qualified applicants Registered Non-completion Number of FTE students* Graduates
Complementary training for doctors
Spring term – 18 (20) 0 9.90 16
Autumn term 72 20 0 8.50 –
Complementary training for nurses
Spring term – 25 (26) 0 13.75 24
Autumn term 33 25 0 10.63
–
Complementary training for dentists
Spring term – 15 (16) 0 8.25 16
Autumn term 46 16 0 6.80 –
* Number of FTE students includes students subject to tuition fees.
() indicates the number of students registered for the autumn term 2011.
Sources: Ladok, NyA
Utilisation of funds for complementary training, 2012 (% of costs)
Doctors Nurses Dentists
Planning 4 4 3
Admissions 2 0 2
Validation 0 0 0
Teaching 30 46 13
Placement 39 21 36
Other, incl. indirect costs 25 29 46
Total 100 100 100
29
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 25
Task of developing clinical education and researchKIhasreceivedSEK1,603(thousand)(2:72ap.9)forthedevelopmentofclinicaleducationandresearch.Theneedtodevelopclinicaleducationremainshigh,whichiswhyKIdecidedtousethefundsforactivitiesattheCentreforClinicalEducation(CCE).
CCE–whichisacollaborativebodybetweenKI,StockholmCountyCouncil(SCC)andtheindividualhighereductioninstitutionsinStockholm–hasanoverallandcoordinatingresponsibilityforplacementswithinStockholmCountyhealthandmedicalcare.
Activitiesarerunwithinfouroperationalareas:Inter-professionalEducation(IPE),pedagogicalinservicetrainingforteachers,pedagogicaldevelopmentandresearch,andqualityandlogisticsinworkintegratedlearning.
WithintheInterprofessionalEducation,variousseminarsandworkshopshavebeenconductedtoincreaseskillsandawarenesswithregardtointerprofessionallearning.Withinthe
frameworkofpedagogicalinservicetraining,bothmanagersandleaderswithinhealthcareandplacementsupervisorshavebeenofferedvariousformsofprofessionaldevelopment.
Withregardtopedagogicaldevelopmentandresearch,ateacher’sacademyhasbeencreated.Theacademyconstitutesacommonplatformforteachersandsupervisorswhereissuesofapedagogicalnaturecanbediscussed.Furthermore,KI–forexample,viaCCE–hasbeeninvolvedintheconstructionofacademicmedicalcentres,whoseaimistointegrateresearch,educationanddevelopmentinprimarycare.
In2012,effortscontinuedtodevelopanevaluationinstrumentforplacements.During2013,itisestimatedthattheinstrumentwillbeimplementedinsomeoftheCountyCouncil’sactivities.Inaddition,atrainingforstudentsfocusingonthekeepingofmedicalrecords,treatment,confidentialityandhygienehasbeendeveloped.Thisprogram-mewillbetested,afterwhichitwillbeenterintooperationin2013.
Other
Bachelor’s and Master’s education
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 201226
TherevenueandcostdevelopmentforBachelor’s(first-cycle)andMaster’s(second-cycle)educationispresentedinthetablebelow.Therevenuefromgovernmentfundingispresentedincludingfundingformedicaltrainingandresearch.Furtherinformationcanbefoundunderthefinancialreport.
Unallocated revenue and costsProfitfromsharesinsubsidiariesandassociatedcompanies,aswellastaxcollection,isnotdistributedwithinlinesofbusiness.SeetherevenuestatementinthesectionFinancialreport.
Financial report
Total for first- and second-cycle education, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Revenue
Direct government funding 759.2 754.0 805.5 833.1
Fees and other remuneration 84.9 83.9 100.0 100.6
Grants 8.8 12.7 20.6 19.8
Financial 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Total revenue 852.9 850.7 926.2 953.6
Costs
Staff 420.3 434.0 488.2 507.7
Premises 100.5 99.6 99.0 109.2
Other operations 304.4 295.1 318.1 335.7
Financial 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1
Depreciation 23.6 23.3 17.9 12.2
Total costs 849.0 852.1 923.5 965.0
Transfers
Government funding 4.2 4.3 7.3 7.6
Funding from other government agencies 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Contributions paid -6.1 -4.3 -7.3 -7.6
Change in capital for the year
Annum 3.9 -1.4 2.6 -11.4
Balanced (IB) 134.1 137.9 136.5 139.1
Total (UB) 137.9 136.5 139.1 127.8
Source: Agresso
Research and doctoral(third-cycle) education
Doctoral education and research
28 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
New research findings – some examplesAsamedicaluniversity,KIconductsresearchwithinabroadspectrumofsubjectscoveringalltypesofdiseases.Theresearchiscarriedoutatalllevels,frompurelyexperimentallaboratoryresearchonthemappingofdiseaseemergenceanddevelopment,tomorepatientrelatedtreatmentresearchandclinicaltrials.Hereisaselectionofnewfindingsthathavebeenpublishedinhighlyrankedscientificjournalsoverthepastyear.
Breast cancerSeveralresearchreportsonbreastcancerhavebeenpresentedduringtheyear,whichisnowthemostcommonformofcancerinwomen.Breastcancerisclassifiedaccordingtosurfacemarkersexhibitedbycancercells,whichisofcrucialimportancewithregardtochoiceoftreatment.Ithasnowbeenproventhatthesemarkerschangeduringthecourseofapatient’sdisease(JournalofClinicalOncology,June).Clinicalobservationsandageneticmutationrelevanttothediseaseprognosishavealsobeenpresented(JournalofClinicalOncology,AugustandOctober).
Twomajorclinicaltrials(Phase3)revealedthattreatmentofbreastcancerwithtwodrugsincombinationwasnomoreeffectivethantreatmentwithasingledrug(JournalofClinicalOncology,February).Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofwomensurvivefollowingbreastcancertreatment,andonestudyhasshownthatthevastmajorityreturntotheirpreviousemploymentandcontinueworkingtothesameextentasbeforethediagnosis(JournalofClinicalOncology,July).
Cancer drugsThesmallcellmoleculep53,whichprotectsagainsttumourdevelopmentandwhichismutatedinabouthalfofallcancercells,isanattractivetargetforcancermedications.Aninitialhumantrialinvolvingasubstancethatrecreatesamutatedp53hasrevealedpromisingresults(JournalofClinicalOncology,September).Severalstudieshaverevealedfactorsatthecellular,molecularandgeneticlevelthatprovideagreaterunderstandingofhowcancercellsfunctionand,thus,howtheycanbetackled(Science,November,JournalofExperimentalMedicine,February,NatureBiotechnology,FebruaryandJuly).
Quality of lifeAmajorityofthepatientswhohaveundergonesurgeryfortrachealcancerwerefound,duringafollowupafterfiveyears,toconsiderthemselveshavingahighqualityoflife.Asmallgroup,however,hadpersistentandincreasingdiscomfortfromthesurgery(JournalofClinicalOncology,JanuaryandApril).Thefactthatpeoplediagnosedwithcancerrunasignificantlyhigherriskofsuicideordeathfromcardiovasculardiseasedirectlyafterreceivingtheirdiagnosishasprovidednewknow-ledgeconsideredimportantforbothrelativesandhealthcareprofessionals(NewEnglandJournalofMedicine,April).Astudyhasshownthatwomenwhoareabouttoundergo
cancertreatmentreceivesignificantlylessinformationonhowthetreatmentwillaffecttheirfutureabilitytohavechildren,whencomparedtomeninthesamesituation(JournalofClinicalOncology,May).Theimportanceofpalliative,non-pharmacologicalcareinthefinalstageoflifehasbeendescribedintheformofbodycare,touch,asafeenvironmentandritualssurroundingdeath.(PLOSMedicine,February).
Blood diseaseApreliminaryreviewofallSwedishpatientswithchronicblooddiseases,ormyeloproliferativediseases,revealedthattheprognosisforsurvivalhasimprovedsomewhatinrecentdecades(JournalofClinicalOncology,July).
Rheumatoid arthritisAnewdrugforrheumatoidarthritis(RA)hasprovenaseffectiveasbiologicaldrugsbut,unlikethese,thenewpreparationcanbetakenintabletform(NewEnglandJournalofMedicine,August).Inanotherstudy,abiologicaldrugwasrevealedtobeeffectivewhentakenintandemwithconventionalmedication,atleastduringthefirsttwoyearsoftreatment(Lancet,May).OnestudyhasalsochangedtheevaluationofbloodclotriskinRA.Theriskwascertainlyelevatedbutwasnotrelatedtohospitalisation,somethingwhichwaspreviouslyassumed(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,October).
Heart failureHeartfailureisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhospitalisationanddeath,andoccursinvariousforms.Ananalysisofdatafromthenationalheartfailureregistrysuggeststhatcommonlyprescribeddrugsforheartfailureandhighbloodpressurecanhaveawiderrangeofapplicationsthanpreviouslyknownandcanalsobeemployedagainst’HFPEF’,atypeofheartfailurewhichhad,todate,lackedanestablishedtreatmentplan(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,November).Recentresultsalsosuggestthattreatmentwithaso-called’biventricularpacemaker’couldbeofvalue,evenforpatientswithamildercaseofheartfailure(EuropeanHeartJournal,October).
Blood vesselsThemappingofthearginaseenzyme,whichcounteractstheformationofprotectivenitricoxideinthebloodvessels,hasledtoacompletelynewexplanatorymodelforhowvascularcomplicationspresentindiabeticpatients(Circulation,November).
Physical activityFurtherimportancehasbeenattributedtophysicalactivitywhenitwasrevealedthatmuscularweaknessinyouthisassociatedwiththeincreasedriskofprematuredeath,mainlyduetosuicideorcardiovasculardisease(BritishMedicalJournal,November).Researchhasshownthatexerciseprovides
Research
Doctoral education and research
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 29
so-calledepigeneticchangesintheDNAofmusclecells,whichaffectstheirabilitytorespondtodifferentsignalsfromthebody(CellMetabolism,March).
ObesityAlookbackatindividualswhohaveundergonegastricbypasssurgeryrevealedthattheycontinuedtoutilisehealthservicestothesameextentaspeoplewhoreceivedconventionalobesitytreatment,despitethefactthatsurgeryoftenresultedinsustainedweightlossandthereforeareducedriskofdiseasessuchasdiabetes,coronarythrombosis,strokeandcancer(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,September).
DiabetesAcompletelynewwaytotreatdiabeteshasbeentestedonmice.Themethodistoblockasignalpathandthuspreventfatbeingstoredinthe”wrong”placesinthebody,suchasthemusclesandheart(Nature,September).KIresearchershaveparticipatedinseveralinternationalresearchconsortiawhichhaveidentifieddifferentgeneticvariantsthataffecthowtype2diabetesdevelops(NatureGenetics,MayandAugust).
InfectionsAnanalysisofseveralinternationalstudiesofthethreeinfec-tiousdiseasesHIV,tuberculosisandhepatitisCamonghome-lessgroupsshowedthattheoccurrenceofthediseasesamongthesegroupswassignificantlyhigherthanamongthegeneralpopulation.However,theprevalenceofthesediseaseswasunevenlydistributedbetweengroupsandcountries(Lancet,August).Ithasalsobeenshownthattheincidenceofcondy-loma,genitalwarts,hasfallensharplyinyoungwomeninSwe-den,whichislikelyduetothecurrentlyavailableHPV(Humanpapillomavirus)vaccine(JournalofInfectiousDiseases,July).
Mitochondrial DNAMutationsinthegeneticmaterialofthecell’smitochondriacancauseavarietyofseriousillnessessuchasmuscularweakness,neurodegenerativediseases,cardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.Ithasnowbeenshownthattheriskofachildinheritingamito-chondrialdiseaseisalreadydeterminedwhenthefuturemotherisanembryo(NatureGenetics,October).
Brain cellsTheregenerationofneuronsinvariouspartsofthebrainhasbeenstudiedintensivelyinrecentyears.Ithasnowbeenshownthattheareaofthebrainneededtointerpretodourrecognitiondiffersbetweenhumansandothermammals,wherebynonewneuronsareformedthereinhumansafterbirth.Thiscouldexplainwhythehumansenseofsmellisnormallysomuchworsethanthatofananimal(Neuron,May).Awholenewgroupofneuronsinthebrainthataresignificantwithregardto,forexample,heartrateandbloodpressure,havebeendescribed(JournalofClinicalInvestigation,December).Twomolecules
havebeenidentifiedwhichareimportantforthesurvivalandregenerationofneuronsinthebrain,includingdopamine-producingneurons.ThisisadiscoverythatcouldultimatelyhaveimplicationsfortreatingdiseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease(NatureChemicalBiology,December).
Alzheimer’s diseaseAninitialclinicaltrialofapotentialvaccineforAlzheimer’sdiseaseshowedthatthevaccinewaswellreceivedbythebodyandthatanimmuneresponsedevelopedagainsttheharmfulpeptidebetaamyloid(Lancet,June).Inanotherstudy,researchshowedthatevenminorformsofamyloidarelikelytohavesignificanceforthedevelopmentofAlzheimer’sdisease,andthatthesecouldbeapotentialtargetforfuturedrugs(Neurology,June).
Mental illnessDuringdepression,thebrain’sabilitytochangeisreducedanditbecomeslessadaptablewithregardtoissuessuchasmemorystorage.Researchhasnowshownthatthisisduetotheimpairedfunctionofthebrain’ssupportcells,knowledgethatcanpavethewayfornewmethodsoftreatingdepression(MolecularPsychiatry,February).
Aclearcorrelationhasbeendiscoveredbetweenprematurebirthandanincreasedriskofmentalillnesslaterinlife,suchasbipolardisorder,psychosisanddepression.Thiscanprobablybeexplainedbyabnormalitiesinbraindevelopmentwherethenervoussystemofpretermbirthsisimmatureandextremelysensitive(ArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry,June).Potentialriskshavebeenhighlightedforcasesbothwithandwithoutdrugtreatmentduringpregnancyforwomenwithbipolardisorder.Theanalysisrevealedadifficultbalancebetweentherisksofdeepdepressionresultingfromanuntreatedillness,andtherisksofbirthdefectsorothercomplicationsresultingfromthedrugtreatment(BritishMedicalJournal,November).
AdrugcurrentlybeingtestedagainstHuntington’sdiseasehasbeenshowntoalsointeractwithareceptorrelevanttoschizophrenia,Parkinson’sdiseaseandcertainneuro-degenerativeconditions,anditwouldthereforebeofinterestforthedevelopmentoftreatmentsagainstthesediseases(MolecularPsychiatry,February).
ADHDAcomprehensiveregistrystudyhasshownthatcriminalactivityinadultswithADHD(Attention-Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder)fellsharplyduringperiodswhentheywereonmedicationfortheconditioncomparedtowhentheywerenotmedicated(NewEnglandJournalofMedicine,November).PreviousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewithADHDrunahigherriskofbecominginvolvedincriminality.
Doctoral education and research
30 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
1,00
1,25
1,50
1,75
Measuring scientific production – bibliometrics KIusesbibliometricstomeasurethespreadandimpactofitsresearchfindings.Bibliometricsinvolvestheapplicationofmathematicalandstatisticalprocedurestoarticles,booksandothermedia.Reporteddataisanalysedoveralongperiodoftime.Thenumberofarticlesisaroughmeasureofscientificproductionanddependsonavarietyoffactors,suchasthepublicationpatternswithindifferentdisciplines.ThebarsofthefigurebelowtotherightrepresentpublicationswithsomekindofaddressthatcanbelinkedtoKI.Figuresforthenumber
ofpublicationsarebasedonyearofpublication,butsincethedatabaseisupdatedwithaslighttimelag,therearenocompletestatisticsforthepastyearatthetimeofpublishingthisannualreport.Figuresfor2012willthereforenotbegiveninthecharttoavoidanydistortionofthefacts.Amoreaccurateassessmentofscientificproductionispossiblebymakingcomparisonsoveralongerperiodoftime.KIhasthereforedecidedtodrawcomparisonsforthe2002–2011period,duringwhichthetotalproductionofpublicationsincreasedby38percent.
2012 Publications
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Other
Letter
Editorial material
Meeting abstract
Review
Article
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Karolinska Institutet
Global average
2012 Field normalised citation score
Quality in research
The”Fieldnormalisedcitationscore”comparesthecitationrateofaparticulararticlewithpublicationsofthesameclass(i.e.thesamekindofdocumentfromthesameyearandwithinthesamesubject).Anindividualarticle’sindicatoris1ifitiscitedasmanytimesasthemeancitationrateforsimilararticles.ThediagramabovegivesthemeanfieldnormalisedcitationscoreforallarticlesfromKIperyear.Between2006and2011,KI’sscoreclimbedfrom1.46to1.55.KIthushasarelativelystablecitationrateandisclearlymaintainingitsglobalposition.Publicationsfrom2012havenotyetbeencitedtotheextentrequiredtoprovidestableandreliabledataandhavethereforebeenomittedfromtheabovediagram.
External research assessment (ERA)TheextensiveexternalevaluationofKI’sresearchwhichwascompletedin2011hasbeenfollowedupthroughdepartmentvisitsbytheDeanofResearch.Thisfollow-upfocusedonthemanagementofresearchgroupsthathadgarnishedpoorresultsintheevaluation.AnimportantissueintheERAevaluationwasthedefinitionofgroupleadersandtheirroleandresponsibility.
Thereisanobviousneedforaclearerand,withinKI,amorecoherentdefinitioninthisrespect.
Thematic Translational CentresTheeighttranslationalcentresatKIhavebeenevaluatedduringtheyear.Theevaluationrevealsthatmostcentres,inanimpressiveandefficientmanner,havecreatednewpartnerships,venues,recruitmentandjointprojects,severalofwhichwouldhardlyhaveexistedwithoutthiseffort.Severalprojectswillhaveaclearimpactinhealthcare.Theevaluationteambelievesthatitisimportantthatthisinitiativecontinues.Onecentrereceivedreducedsupportpendinganadditionalfollow-up,whileanothercentrewasnotgrantedcontinuedsupport.
Identification and recruitment of new researchersThroughtheutilisationof,forexample,selectionprocedure,threeprominentresearchersinthefieldofregenerativemedicinehavebeenrecruitedtothepositionofprofessoratKI.Animportantroleinthisworkisthenewlyformedstrategicrecruitmentgroup.Thegroup’sworkwillbebasedonKI’slong-
Source: Web of Science
Source: Web of Science
Doctoral education and research
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 31
Other
Letter
Editorial material
Meeting abstract
Review
Article
termstrategy,theERA2010evaluationandKI’sstaffinventory.Duringtheyear,thegroupconductedacompetenceinventoryanddraftedproposalsfortheintroductionofanewacademicappointmentasSeniorResearchSpecialist.
Thepossibilityofa”trainingposition”wasalsointroducedintotheHigherEducationOrdinancethisyear.Againstthisbackground,KIannouncedfundingfor20ResearchAssociatepositionsintheautumn.Fundshavealsobeenallocatedfor20positionsforyoungresearchers(”researchassociateextension”).
Research basisResearchbasisimpliesthateventhoseteacherswhosemaintaskisteachingmusthavethemeans–financiallyandtime-wise–toconducttheirownresearchandthusincreasetheconnectionbetweenteachingandcurrentresearch.
Inlightofthis,announcementshavebeenmadeofuptotwelveseniorlectureshipswithparticularfocusonteaching.
Research documentationThedevelopmentofresearchdocumentationfocusesonanimprovedsolutionforthestorageofresearchdata,includingrawdata,aswellasefficientandcompletetrackability.
AnimportantelementofthisworkistheintroductionofElectronicLaboratoryNotebooks(ELN).Attheendoftheyear,thereweremorethan1,500ELNusers.
Organisation of laboratory animal activitiesAfunctional,clearandcentrallyestablishedorganisationforanimalexperimentationisacriticalqualityissueasregardsprovidingsafeandsecureconditionsforresearch.InviewoftheEUDirectiveontheprotectionofanimals,adecisionhasbeenreachedtoestablishalocalanimalwelfarebody.OperationalactivitieswithinKIarecollectedunderaninternalorganisationalunitforcomparativemedicine.Thisunitisinchargeofallaspectsofanimalexperimentationandprovidesresearchers,doctoralstudentsandotherstaffwithservicesandguidance.
Doctoral education and research
32 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
*Scholarships are not included for 2011-2012. Direct comparisons cannot be made with 2009-2010, where scholarships have been included.
Source: Agresso
Development research funds
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
External
Government
Research funding
ThepositivedevelopmentofresearchfundingatKIcontinues.Thisappliestobothdirectgovernmentfundingandexternalfunds.Fundingfromresearchcouncilshasincreasedby50percentsince2009.Duringthisperiod,directgovernmentfundinghasalsoincreasedby30percent,therebyconstitutingalargerincreasethanthatofexternalfundsforthisperiod(7percent).
Theforeignfinanciers,however,havenotkeptpacewiththisdevelopment,havinginsteaddecreasedfundingbyapproximately11percent.ThesefiguresshowthatSweden’srelativelypositiveeconomicdevelopmentinrecentyearshasalsogivenbothpublicandprivatefinanciersopportunitiesforinvestmentwithinresearch.
Total revenue for research, 2009–2012, SEK millions
FINANCIERS 2009 2010 2011 2012Change
2011–2012
Foundations and organisations 645 654 688 692 0.6%
Foreign funding (see below) 467 496 431 416 -3.5%
Research councils 484 597 654 730 11.5%
Municipalities and county councils 559 551 427 475 3.9%
Other Government funding 304 260 298 349 17.0%
Swedish business sector 196 196 171 168 -1.5%
KI funds 57 53 67 56 -16.1%
Financial revenue 18 17 56 50 -11.0%
Total external funding 2,731 2,824 2,792 2,935 4.0%
Direct government funding 1,326 1,581 1,630 1,732 6.3%
Total 4,057 4,405 4,422 4,667 4.8%
Proportion of external funding 67% 64% 63% 63%
Total revenue from foreign funding, 2009–2012, SEK millions
EU * 234 231 224 194 -13.6%
Foundations and organisations 134 195 128 150 16.9%
Business sector 100 69 79 73 -7.7%
Total 467 496 431 416 -3.5%
Doctoral education and research
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 33
European UnionKIretaineditspositionasthelargestrecipientofEUfundsofallSwedishuniversities,andasoneofthelargestinEuropeinthecategoryof”health”.ThetotalnumberofEU-fundedprojectsatKIhasincreasedcomparedtopreviousyears.However,researchgrantshavefallenby15percentsincethebudgetaryyear2011andamountedtoSEK200millionin2012.
Thisamountincludesscholarshipsforboth2011and2012.ApproximatelyonequarterofthedecreaseiscausedbychangesintheexchangerateintheformofastrongerSwedishKronaagainsttheEuro.AnotherreasonisthatalargenumberofcooperationprojectscoordinatedbyKIexpiredin2012,whilethenewlyaddedprojectsgenerallyhadamoremodestbudget.Anexception,however,istherevenuefromtheEuropeanResearchCouncilreceivedbyindividualresearchers,whichincreasedsignificantlyin2012.ThetrendisthereforethatKIisstrengtheningitspositionwithrespecttotheamountofindividualexcellentresearchers(inso-called”bottom-up”projectswheretheresearchtopiciscontrolledbytheresearchersthemselves),butisreducingitsparticipationinexcellentresearchconstellations(so-called”top-down”projectswhereresearchtopicsaredefinedbytheEU).
European support for individual researchersEuropeangrantsforindividualresearchersareprimarilyreceivedfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)andtheResearchExecutiveAgency(REA).TheERCisoneofthefourpartsoftheSeventhFrameworkProgramme(FP7).Grantsareawardedtoindividualresearchers/researchgroupswhereonly”excellence”isconsideredaselectioncriterion.KIhastencurrentERCAdvancedGrantsandtwelveStartingGrants.In2012,revenuefromERCresearchgrantsamountedtoSEK51million,whichcorrespondstoanincreaseof26percentcomparedto2011.TheREAadministersanotherpillarwithintheFP7,alsocalledthePeopleProgrammeortheMarieCurieProgramme,whichaimstostrengthenindividualresearchersintheircareerdevelopmentbybroadeningexcellentresearchwithinbothindustryandacademia.In2012,thenumberofMarieCurieFellowshipsatKIincreasedfrom29to37.
InvolvementwithintheFP6wasconcludedthroughthefinalreportingoftwoprojectsin2012.KIhasparticipatedin234FP7projectsin2012.KIhasalsoactedascoordinatorfor21oftheseprojects.
Revenue from the EU (including scholarships)
0
50
100
150
200
250
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
113,4
138,8
172,5
185,7
214,2
235,2 232,9225,6
193,7
EU
Scholarships
10,5
7,1
Source: Agresso
Number of EU projects, 2008–2012
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total number of projects 260 230 204 222 234
– of which KI is coordinator 41 38 29 31 21
Source: EU database KI
Doctoral education and research
34 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
American research grantsKIisoneofthemainrecipientsofAmericanresearchgrantsinEurope.ResearchrevenuefromAmericanfinanciersamountedtoSEK58millionin2012,ofwhichSEK19.6millionwasfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),KI’smostimportantpartneroutsideEurope.SEK32.8millionfromAmericannon-profitorganisationsandprivatefoundationsisalsoincludedinthetotalfigure.
AsidefromNIHfunding,2012sawKIreceivefederalfundsfromtheAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality,theEmployeeBenefitsSecurityAdministration,theUSArmyandtheNationalScienceFoundationforatotalof38researchprojects,10ofwhichwerecoordinatedbyKI.
Funds for strategic research fieldsKIhasestablishednationalresearchinitiativeswithinsixstrategicresearchfields(SRFs,inSwedish:SFO):diabetes,neuroscience,healthcarescience,cancer,epidemiologyandstemcells/regenerativemedicine.EachSRFseekstodevelopeffectiveresearchenvironmentswithintherespectivefieldsandincreasemobilitybetweenpreclinicalandclinicalresearchandindustry.
ThestrategicresearchfundsamountedtoSEK136,420,000SEK(12,198,000)ofwhichhasbeenpaidtoco-applicantuniversities.ThedistributioninvolvesSEK4,222,000fromSRFdiabetestoUmeåUniversity,SEK2,817,000fromSRFneuro-sciencetoUmeåUniversityandSEK1,127,000toKTH,aswellasSEK4,032,000fromSRFHealthcareSciencetoUmeåUniversity.
Throughouttheyear,SEK119,998,000hasbeenexpendedwithinthesixstrategicresearchfieldsunderKI’sresponsibility,whichimpactsthechangeincapitalfortheyearpositivelyintheamountofSEK16,422,000.AmoredetailedfinancialreportissubmittedannuallytotheSwedishResearchCouncil.
ThedevelopmentoftheSRFenvironmentsandsynergieswithotherstrategicinitiativesprovideKIwithastrongbase
forcreatinginternationallypioneeringresearchprofileswithinrespectivefields.
KIparticipatesintwoadditionalSRFventureswithinmolecularbioscience(ScienceforLifeLaboratory)andwithinE-science.SciLifeLabrepresentsapoolingofresourcesfromKI,KTH,StockholmUniversityandUppsalaUniversity.TheestablishmentofSciLifeLabhasprovidedresearchersatKIwithuniqueopportunitiestoconducttechnicallychallenginglarge-scaleresearchprojectsfocusingonthestudyofgenesandprote-ins.SciLife-LabenablesresearchersatKIandtherestofSwedentohaveaccesstothemoderntechnologiesandtoolscreatedasaresultoftoday’srapidtechnologicaldevelopment.SciLifeLabworkstowardscreatingnaturalcollaborativeplatformswithseveralnationalinfrastructures,exemplifiedbyCBCS,BBMRI.seandSWEDSTRUCT(seebelowunderFundsforstrategicinfrastructure).
Funds for strategic infrastructureIn2012,KIwastaskedbytheSwedishResearchCouncil(SRC,inSwedish:VR)toestablishanationalinfrastructureinstructuralbiology,SWEDSTRUCT,financedbytheSRCandwithstrategicresourcesfromKI.TheinfrastructureisbasedonacollaborationofexistingresearchenvironmentsinStockholm,GothenburgandLund(MAXIV).Previously,KIhascoordinatedtwoadditionalnationalinfrastructures.Withinthefieldofchemicalbiology,ChemicalBiologyConsortiumSweden(CBCS)hasbeentaskedwithofferingresearcherslarge-scalebindingstudiesofchemicalmoleculestovarioustargetproteins.BiobankingandMolecularResourceInfrastructureofSweden(BBMRI.se)aimstocreateanationalstandardforthecollectionofbiobanksamples,alongwithcosteffectiveopportunitiesforlong-termstorageandsampleanalysis.
BBMRI.seissupportedbyallmedicaluniversitiesinSwedenanddifferentunitswillbeestablishedatvariouslocationsinthecountry.Eachoperationisledbyaboardofdirectors.
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF)
Neuroinformaticsisaseparatepartofbioinformaticswhichhasgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentofknowledgeonnervoussystemfunctionsanddiseaseswithinthepsychiatricandneuro-logicalfield.
INCFhas17membercountriesinEurope,NorthAmerica,AustraliaandAsia,andisfinancedthroughfeesrelatedtothecountries’investmentsinresearchanddevelopment(rollingcapitalfor2012isSEK17.8million).TheSecretariathas14employees,primarilyresearcherswithdoctoraldegrees.KIplacespremisesandadministrativeserviceatINCF’sdisposal.
During2012,INCFhasworkedthroughthefollowingpro-grammeareas:DigitalBrainAtlasing;OntologiesforNeural
Structures;Multi-scalemodeling;andStandardsforDatasharing.Morethan150leadinginternationalresearchers,mainlyfromthemembercountries,areinvolvedintheprogrammes.INCFisworkingcloselywiththeNIHandtheEUtodevelopneuro-informaticswithinamultinationalprogrammefortheanalysisoftraumaticbraininjuries.In2012,INCFalsodevelopedthesoftware”INCFDataspace”,whichcanbeinstalledonanycomputerorserver.Inthisway,neuroscientificdatacaneasilybemadeaccessibleandsearchableforallwhoareconnectedtoDataspace.Dataspaceisapartoftheinternationalcyber-infrastructureforneuroinformatics,whichisoneofINCF’sprimarymandates.
Doctoral education and research
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 35
Doctoral education
ThenumberofactivedoctoralstudentsatKIhasincreasedby6.7percentsince2009.KI’sturnoverforresearchduringthesameperiodincreasedby15percent,whilethenumberofdegreesawardeddecreasedby8.4percent.Thisimpliesacontinuedhighnumberofdoctoralstudentswhich,however,hasnotincreasedatthesamerateastheturnover.Thenumberoflicentiatedegreesisstilllow.KIcontinuestoanalysewhethertherelationshipbetweenthevolumeofdoctoralstudentsand
careeropportunitiesfollowinggraduationneedstobechanged.Aclearandcompetitivecareerpathisanessentialtoolinrealisingthepotentialofthebestyoungresearchers.Thegenderdistributionamongbothactivedoctoralstudentsandgraduatesisapproximately60percentwomenand40percentmen.Thisproportionhasremainedlargelyunchangedduringtheperiod2009to2012.AlsoseeTable10intheTablesappendix.
Active doctoral students at KI
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Theses defended at KI
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total
Women
Men
Source: LADOK
Doctoral education: admissions, registered students and degrees awarded
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Doctoral admissions 420 420 450 409 438
– of which are licentiates 12 19 18 12 15
Registered doctoral students (active _>10%) 2,080 2,028 2,076 2,133 2,165
Licentiate degrees 15 17 21 14 14
PhD degrees 352 392 367 349 359
- of which with previous have a licentiate 18 20 12 12 3
Source: LADOK
Doctoral education and research
36 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Actual period of studyTheactualperiodofstudyhasstabilisedatanormallevelfouryearsafteraslowincreasesince2006.Thereasonsforthestabilisationarebetterregistrationproceduresandmonitoring.
Actual period of study, doctoral education
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doctor of Philosophy
Licentiate
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: LADOK
Student financeTheproportionofdoctoralgrantsinrelationtodoctoralstudentshipsremainsunchangedataround78percent.Theproportionofexternalfundinghasdecreasedsince2009
from72to65percent.Thisismainlyduetothepositivedevelopmentofdirectgovernmentfundingoverthisperiod,whichhasenabledincreasedstatefunding.
Source: Agresso and Primula
Costs of doctoral educationTheaveragecostofadoctoralstudentwithemployment/doctoralgrantsworksoutatanestimatedSEK1,190,000for2011(seetotheright),anincreaseof2.5percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Itmaybenotedthatthecostofsalaries/doctoralgrantsdecreasedbetweenyears.Thisisnotduetoanactualreductionofthesalaries/grants,butduetothefactthat,relativelyspeaking,thenumberofdoctoralgrantsincreasedmorethanthenumberofdoctoralstudentships.
Thedataisbasedinpartonassumptions,whichiswhythecostshouldbeviewedasapproximate.Seeappendix:Costsforperformance
Source: Agresso and Primula
Costs per performance in doctoral education, SEK thousand 2011 2012
Supervision costs Salaries 151 153Operating costs 46 50Premises 25 28Depreciation 8 9Subtotal 230 240
Doctoral student costs Salaries/doctoral grants 341 327Operating costs 237 256Premises 130 143Depreciation 42 46Subtotal 750 772
Indirect costs – from salaries and operations 181 178
Total costs 1,161 1,190
Student finance, 2009–2012
2009 2010 2011 2012
Student finance by discipline SEK % SEK % SEK % SEK %
Doctoral studentship 219,711 78 227,127 78 235,539 78 241,299 77
Doctoral grant 63,203 22 63,639 22 66,218 22 70,061 23
of which is direct Government funding
79,568 28 93,715 32 108,300 36 109,646 35
of which is external funding
203,346 72 197,051 68 193,457 64 201,714 65
Total 282,914 290,766 301,757 311,360
Doctoral education and research
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 37
Quality in doctoral education
Recruitment of doctoral studentsOnegoalisthatthemainproportionofdoctoralstudentsatKIwillberecruitedincompetition.Acompetitiverecruitmentprocessisexpectedtobroadentherecruitmentbaseofdoctoralstudentsandtoimprovethematchingofdoctoralstudentandtraininglocation.Throughouttheyear,over130doctoralpositionshavebeenadvertisedviaKI’srecruitmentsystem,whichismorethandoublethatofthepreviousyear.
Plagiarism checks within doctoral educationDuringtheyear,workhascommencedtointroduceplagiarismcheckswithindoctoraleducation.Plagiarismchecksareemployedroutinelynowadayswithinalllevelsofeducation.Sincethespringtermof2012,allcourseprovidersatthedocto-rallevelhavehadaccesstotheanti-plagiarismtoolUrkund,andareexpectedtouseitforhomeassignmentswhereplagiarismcanoccur.
TheintentionisalsothatbackgroundmaterialinKI’sdoctoralthesesisscrutinized.Apilotstudywasconductedintheautumn,whereissuessuchasreliabilityofthevariousanti-plagiarismtoolsweretested.Theimpetusbehindthesemeasuresisprimarilytoincreasedoctoralstudents’incentivestowriteoriginalandthoroughtextsratherthantodetectpotentialcheating.
Monitoringofthedoctoralstudents’viewsontheeducationExitPollisasurveywhichissentouttoalldoctoralgraduatesandlicentiates.Resultsfromfouryearshavebeencompiled,2008–2011.Theresultsshowthat87percentofthedoctoralstudentsarefullyorpartiallysatisfiedwiththeirtimeasdoctoralstudentsatKI,andthat89percentwouldrecommendKItoprospectivedoctoralstudents.Giventhechoice,85percentwouldchoosetoundergothedoctoraleducationatKIagain.
Supervisor surveyApilotsurveyaimedatsupervisorswasconductedinordertoassesstheself-perceivedperformance.Theresultsshowedthatthesupervisors’ownperceptionoftheirworkwasconsistentwiththeexpectationsofthesupervisors’role.
Alumni survey of doctoral graduates at KI 2003/2004 and 2007/2008Inautumn2011,KI,togetherwiththemedicalfacultiesatuni-versitiesinGothenburg,Linköping,LundandUmeå,conductedanalumnisurvey.In2012,aninterimreportwascompiled,entitled”PhDsatKarolinskaInstitutet–theirresearchtrainingandentryintothelabourmarket”.
Theresponseswereconsistentwiththeresultsfromtheotherparticipatingmedicalfaculties.90percentofthedoctoralgraduatesfromKIwereemployed.Amongthosewhohadfoundemployment,morethan40percentworkedwithinuniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsand,ofthese,94percentstatedthatresearchwaspartoftheirworkduties.Lessthanathirdworkedwithinacountycouncilandaround20percentworkedwithintheprivatesector.Ofallthedoctoralgraduates,81percentstatedthattheirworkwasconnectedwiththefieldoftheirdoctoralstudies,and16percentworkedwithinanotherresearchfieldorarea.Morethan90percentweresatisfiedwiththeirdoctoraleducationandthreeoutoffourrespondedthattheyhadreceivedgoodsupervisionduringtheeducation.
Doctoral education and research
38 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Internationalisation: research and doctoral education
New doctoral education collaboration with Stellenbosch UniversityAcomprehensiveMemorandumofUnderstandingwassignedbetweenKIandStellenboschUniversityin2011.Inordertodevelopanddeepenthiscollaboration,acooperationagreementrelatingtodoctoraleducationwassignedin2012.
Thepartnershipmeansthatdoctoralstudentscarryouttheirdoctoraleducationatbothuniversities,withsupervisorsfrombothStellenboschUniversityandKI.TheeducationisconcludedwiththedoctoralstudentsbeingawardedaPhDdegreefrombothuniversities(doubledegree).
Donation allows postdoctoral programme with the University of TorontoIn2012,formernationalteamplayerandNHLicehockeyprofessionalMatsSundindonatedasumequivalenttoSEK2.2milliontoKIandtheUniversityofTorontofortheestablishmentof”TheMatsSundinAward”.Itisapostdoctoralprogrammeforelitemedicalresearch,whereyoungpost-doctoralresearchersfromKItogetherwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTorontowillconductresearchonchildhealthanddevelopment(DevelopmentHealth).
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Since2001,KIhashadanestablisheddoctoralstudentcollaborationwithNIHwithinthefieldofneurosciencewhich,inrelationtothenumberofdoctoralstudentsandfunding,constitutesthesecondlargestcollaborationconcerningdoctoraleducationatKI.DoctoralstudentsalternatebetweenKIand
NIHandaresupervisedbysupervisorsfrombothorganisations.In2012,fournewdoctoralstudentswererecruitedtojointresearchprojects.AjointKI-NIHsymposiumwasheldinOctoberatNIH.Doctoralstudents,supervisorsandscientificcoordinatorsatKIandNIHallparticipatedinthesymposium.
Activities in SingaporeKIhashadanextendedcollaborationwithNanyangTechno-logicalUniversity,NationalUniversityofSingaporeandtheAgencyforScience,TechnologyandResearch(A*STAR)inSingapore.TwojointsymposiumswereheldinSingaporeinSeptemberregardingmicrobesresearch,metabolism,regenerativemedicineandcancerresearch.Inconjunctionwiththesymposium,ameetingofalumniwasalsoarrangedforformerstudentsanddoctoralstudentsfromSingapore.
Rockefeller UniversityKIcollaborateswithRockefellerUniversityintheformofapostdoctoralexchangeagreementandthroughthelectureprogrammeNicholsonLectures.Theselecturesareheldalternatelyatthetwouniversities.
Doctoral WeekKIhostedDoctoralWeekinautumn2012,aneventarrangedannuallybytheEuropeanUniversityAssociation.Theconferencefocusedonthreecurrentissuesindoctoraleducation:inter-nationaltrends,fundingandqualityassurance.Approximately200visitorsfromaroundtheworldparticipatedinthisevent.
Equal opportunities: research and doctoral education
Theproportionofnewlyrecruitedprofessorswhoarewomenwillriseto47percentfortheperiod2012–2015.Toachievethisaspectofthegovernment’sestablishedrecruitmentgoals,aworkgroupwasformedinautumn2012todevelopaspecificactionplanwithmeasurestoachieveabettergenderbalance,bothintheshort-andlong-term.
InApril2012,theproject”Parenthoodandanacademiccareer?AstudyofparenthoodamongdoctoralstudentsatKI”wasconcluded.ThisprojectalsoaimedatachievingamoreevengenderdistributionamongtheprofessorsatKI.Thestudyexaminedhowdoctoralstudentsviewdoctoraleducationincombinationwithparenthood,theopportunitiesandobstaclestheyperceiveandwhatKIcandotofacilitateparentingasadoctoralstudent.
TheDelegationforGenderEqualityinHigherEducationhasapprovedfundsforanothergenderequalityprojectatKI,”Mentor4Equality”.ThisprojectinvestigatestheconditionsforpursuingaresearchcareeratKIbasedonagenderperspective.Themaingoaloftheprojectistogenerateknowledgeonthemechanismsandstructuresthatpreventgenderequalityin
thecontextofdoctoraleducationandthepostdoctoralperiod.Duringthecourseof2012,theparticipantsintheprogrammehaveobservedvariousformsofunequaltreatmentatKI.Theyhavealsoexaminedimagesandsymbolsfromagenderperspective.Thepervasivenessofmaledominancehasbeenperceivedtobeoverwhelming.Agroupofparticipantshasalsoexaminedseveralyears’copiesofKI’snewsmagazineKIBladet,andhowmenandwomenarepresentedinimages.
Since2010,afeatureonequalopportunitieshasbeenincludedinthemandatoryintroductionforallnewlyadmitteddoctoralstudents.Withinsupervisortraining,whichismandatoryfornewsupervisors,therearealsocoursesongenderequalityissuesandequaltreatment.Atotalof180participantshavetakenpartinthefoundationcourse,48haveparticipatedintheresearchsupervisorcourseand24havetakenpartintheleadershipcourse.
Duringtheautumntermof2012,workshopswereorganisedforthedepartments’StudyDirectorsfordoctoraleducation,regardingequalityandthehandlingofcasesinvol-vingdiscriminationandharassment.
Common to all operations
Common to all operations
40 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Theoperationalareasofresearchanddoctoraleducationarereported,includingfundingformedicaltrainingandresearchandassetmanagement.Furtherinformationcanbefoundunderthefinancialreport.AcorrectionofSEK30.3millionhasbeenmadetothe2011externalfundingonaccountofamodifiedaccountingprinciplefordoctorswithcombinedpositions.SeeNotes2and5.
Co-financingIncaseswhereexternalfinanciersdonotprovidefullfundingforresearchprojects,KIisobligedtoco-financetheprojectby
othermeansinordertocoverthefullcosts.Duringtheyear,directgovernmentfundinghasbeenusedfortheco-financingofgrant-fundedresearchamountingtoSEK60,5million(SEK53.8million),whichcorrespondstoapproximatelythreepercent(3percent)ofthetotalgrantfunding.
Unallocated revenue and costsProfitfromsharesinsubsidiariesandassociatedcompanies,aswellasrevenuecollectionoperations,isnotdistributedwithinlinesofbusiness.SeetherevenuestatementunderthesectionFinancialreport.
Total for research and doctoral education (including asset management), SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Revenue
Direct government funding 1,326.0 1,581.5 1,630.1 1,732.4
Fees and other remuneration 750.2 696.8 641.0 670.1
Grants 1,925.6 2,095.0 2,077.6 2,234.6
Financial 24.9 29.1 65.6 54.9
Total revenue 4,026.7 4,402.4 4,414.3 4,692.0
Costs
Staff 2,074.9 2,171.7 2,265.2 2,363.5
Premises 452.2 465.0 486.7 557.7
Other operations 1,251.0 1,364.0 1,326.7 1,433.2
Financial -13.5 7.4 28.3 8.9
Depreciation 120.4 134.1 157.2 177.8
Total costs 3,885.0 4,142.2 4,264.1 4,541.1
Transfers
Government funding 0.0 6.1 13.2 12.2
Funding from other government agencies 24.9 20.9 29.6 34.7
Other funding 20.0 35.5 82.9 84.7
Contributions paid -44.9 -62.5 -125.7 -131.6
Change in capital for the year
Annum 141.7 260.2 150.2 150.9
Balanced (IB) 411.1 552.9 813.1 954.3
Total (UB) 552.8 813.1 963.3 1,105.2
Source: Agresso
Common to all operations
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 41
Collaboration and innovation
IntroductionKarolinskaInstitutet(KI)collaboratesextensivelywithhighereducationinstitutions,hospitals,governmentagencies,companiesandorganisationsworldwide.Thiskindofco-operationisaprerequisiteforasuccessfuluniversity.Thecollaborationisbasedonthemanyinitiativestakenbyindividualteachers,researchersandresearchgroupsatthedepartments.Thefollowingsectionpresentsexamplesofjointcollaborationsorganisedattheinstitutionlevel.
KIisthelargestacademicpartnerinSwedenforresearchersinothercountries.KI’ssinglelargestpartner,StockholmCountyCouncil(SCC),isapivotalfacilitatorofimportantclinicalresearchandeducation.MorethanhalfofKI’soperationsareconductedintheclinicalenvironmentsofhospitalsandothermedicalfacilities.
KIisfoundwithinaknowledge-intensiveareafortheMedicineandlifesciencesinStockholm,closetotheUniversityHospitals,KISciencePark,KIHoldingAB,ScienceforLifeLaboratory(SciLifeLab),theSwedishInstituteforCommunicableDiseaseControlandtheEuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl,ECDC.
Withintheregion,KIalsocollaborateswithKTH,StockholmUniversity,SödertörnUniversity,StockholmSchoolofEconomicsandUppsalaUniversity.KIisalsoinvolvedinStockholmScienceCityandFlemingsbergScience.
Collaboration with Stockholm County CouncilTheobjectiveofthecollaborationbetweenKIandSCCistoimprovehealthandmedicalcarethroughresearchandeducation.TheextensiverestructuringofhealthandmedicalcareintheStockholmregionrequiresanintensifiedcollaborationbetweenKIandSCC,bothfromaholisticperspectiveandatdifferentorganisationallevels.
Distribution of resources Withintheframeworkofthecooperationorganisation,KI/SCCallocatestheresourcesforresearch,educationanddevelopment.ThisincludesALFfunding(remunerationtoSCCformedicaltrainingandclinicalresearch)andtheappropriatedfundsthatSCCsetsasideforthiscollaboration.Theorganisa-tionalsoreviewsthedistributionofdirectgovernmentfundingforeducationandresearchassignedtoKI.
R&D group/community
Karolinska Institutet KI
Stockholm County CouncilSCC
Management GroupKI/SCC
The Research Strategy Committee
The Infrastructure Committee
Board of higher education
Management level
Operational level
Common to all operations
42 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Initiativesin2012includedtargetedinvestmentsinthematiccentres,theidentificationandrecruitmentofnewresearchers,resourcesupporttobothprominentprofessorsandyoungerresearchersandthestrengtheningofcorefacilities.Evaluationswerealsoperformedonthematiccentresandcorefacilities.KIhas45AdjunctProfessorswhoarecofinancedbySCC(October2012).
Education collaborationTheCentreforClinicalEducation(CCE)hasoverallresponsibilityfortheregionalcoordinationofplacementswithinthecounty’shealthandmedicalcare.Overthecourseoftheyear,CCE’steacher’sacademyhasbeenfurtherdeveloped,constitutingacommonmeetingplaceforteachersandsuper-visors.Aspartofeffortstointegrateresearch,educationanddevelopmentinprimarycare,fouracademicmedicalcentreshavebeenbuiltduringtheyear.Fouradditionalcentreshavealsobeenplanned.
The Infrastructure Committee TheInfrastructureCommitteecoordinates,initiatesandinsomecasesfinancesinvestmentsandoperatingcostswithintheareasofpropertydevelopment,animaltestingfacilities,biobanks,
informaticsandlearningenvironments.TheCouncilprovidesstrategicguidancefortheorganisationsrespectively.In2012,resourceswereconcentratedwithintwokeyareas;informaticsandbiobanks.
Furthermore,theFutureLearningEnvironmentsprojectentereditsfinalstagethroughthecompletionofanumberofenvironments(alsoseethesection”Bachelor’s(first-cycle)andMaster’s(second-cycle)education”).
CentreforPharmacoepidemiologyandtheCentreforAdvancedMedicalSimulationandTraininghavealsoreceivedsupportfromtheCouncil.
Faster path to utilisationInthespringof2012,Project4D(fourdiagnoses)wasinitiatedinordertoimproveconditionsforclinicalresearchanddevelop-mentinhealthandmedicalcare.Theaimoftheprojectisalsotoinvestigatehowtheresultsofclinicalresearchcanbeutilisedmorerapidlyintonewandimprovedtreatments,aswellastostrengthencollaborationwithpharmaceuticalandbiotechnologycompanies.Strategiesaredevelopedbyprojectgroupswithintheareasofheartfailureandthromboembolism,rheumatology,type2diabetes,breastcancerandinaprojectoninformatics.
Inaccordancewiththepublicserviceagreement,KIhassubmittedinformationtotheMinistryofEducationandResearchregar-dingtheallocationof2012’sALFfundsasfollows:Staffcosts58.2percent,Premisescosts16.2percentandOthercosts25.6percent.
Information disseminationKarolinskaInstitutetisdedicatedtodisseminatetheknowledgedevelopedattheuniversitytothepublicandprivatesectorsandtothegeneralpublic.Researchfindingsarecommunicatedtothewidercommunitythrough,forexample,variousformsofmedia.In2012,KIwasmentionedonaverage47timesadayintheSwedishnationalpress,localpress,weeklypress,newswebsitesandbroadcastmedia,amassingatotalof17,000times.KIwasalsomentionedover16,000timesininternationalmedia(Source:Retriever).Since1994,KIhasproducedMedicalScience,apopularsciencemagazineissuedquarterly,withacirculationof22,600.Duringtheyear,KIhasalsopublishedanEnglishcollectionedition.ManyoftheKI’sresearchers
andteachers,inadditiontotheirregularassignments,arealsoinvolvedinpublicdebateasauthorsofjournalarticlesandbooks,aslecturers,andthroughparticipationintradefairsandconferences.
In2012,KIparticipatedinseveralcollaborativeprojectsaimedatdisseminatingknowledgetoawiderpublic,includingaseriesoflecturesfortheSwedishPublicEducationalBroadcastingCompanyandthePublicTVKnowledgeChannel,aresearchcompetitionforchildrenincollaborationwiththemagazineKamratposten,andtheactivitydayForskarFredag(TheScientist’sFriday)incooperationwiththeassociationPublicandScience,whichattractedabout5,500visitors.
Innovation support and collaboration with the private sector AgreatdealoftheresearchdoneatKIisconductedincollaborationwithSwedishandoverseascompanies,whichprovidesconsiderableknowledge-exchangeopportunitiesandsourcesoffinancing.In2012,theprivatesectorinvested
Development of RE&D funds at SCC, 2009–2012, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Revenue
ALF funds 542.2 562.7 566.6 574.4
SCC funds 1,008.2 1,046.4 983.9 1,010.7
External funds 269.2 177.2 308.5 219.2
Total revenue 1,819.6 1,786.3 1,859.0 1,804.3
Source: report from Stockholm County Council, SCC
Common to all operations
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 43
SEK274millioninresearchatKI,ofwhichSEK76millionbycompaniesbasedabroad.KIofferscontracteducationwhich,in2012,amountedtoSEK63million,morethan20percentofwhichwasfromclientswithintheprivatesector.
SciLifeLabInspring2012,thegovernmentannouncedthatSciLifeLab–runjointlybyKI,KTH,StockholmUniversityandUppsalaUniversity–wouldbecomeanationalresearchcentrefrom2013onwards.Inadditiontothefundsallocatedbythegovernment,theKnutandAliceWallenbergFoundationwillalsoinvestintechnologylaboratoriesinSciLifeLab.ThepharmaceuticalcompanyAstraZenecaaimstoinvestSEK40-80millionayear,overthenextfiveyears,inresearchprojectswithintheframeworkofSciLifeLab.Thiscompany,likemanyotherpharmacompanies,hasrecentlyrestructuredtheirportfoliosofresearchandresearchfacilities.AstraZenecaannouncedearlierinthespringthat,during2012,thecompanywillphaseoutresearchatseveralfacilitiesintheworld,includinginSödertälje.
KI HoldingKarolinskaInstitutetHoldingAB(KIHAB)owns,sellsandmanagessharesandparticipationsinprojectandservice
companies,thepurposeofwhichistoputknowledgeandresearchresultstogoodusebycommerciallyexploitingtheprojectsorknowledgeproducedfromKarolinskaInstitutet.KIHABhasfourwhollyownedsubsidiaries:KarolinskaInstitutetInnovationsAB,KarolinskaInstitutetScienceParkAB,KarolinskaInstitutetUniversityPressAB,andKarolinskaInstitutetHousingAB.Theconsolidatedturnoverin2102wasSEK43million(SEK46million).ThegroupsoperatingresultwasSEK-32million(SEK-8million),partlyduetopoorstockperformance.
ThegovernmenthaspreviouslyallocatedSEK9milliontoKItobeusedfortheutilisationofresearchfindings.ThesefundsweretransferredtoKIHABasshareholdercontributionsfollowingacorporatereview,inaccordancewiththepublicserviceagreementfor2009.During2011and2012,KIHABtransferredtheentireamountasagroupcontributiontoKIInnovationsABandKIScienceParkAB.
Companiesseekingcollaborationwithresearchers,orresearcherswhowishtocollaboratewithcompaniesordevelopcommerciallyviableideas,areofferedsupportfromKI’sinnovationsystemwhichiscomprisedoffivekeyactors.
Unit for Bioentrepreneurship
Research and education in entrepreneurship.
The Innovation Office
Support for private sector collaboration, information and guidance in innovation issues.
Karolinska Institutet Innovations AB
Incubator. Support for commercialisations and corporatisations. Licensing. Mature companies are sold to market participants, including Karolinska Development.
Karolinska Institutet Science Park AB
Provides premises, installations and Facility Management for life science companies.
Karolinska Development AB
Investment firm with a company portfolio, several originating from KI Innovations AB.
Education and research within innovation and entrepreneurshipTheUnitforbioentrepreneurship(UBE)isanacademicunitatKIfocusingoneducation,developmentandresearch,includingatwo-yearinternationalMaster’sprogramme.Duringtheyear,aprojectaimingtoimplemententrepreneurshipatKI’sfirstcycleprogrammeshasbeenlaunchedatelevenofKI’sfirstcycleprogrammes.In2012,UBEreceivedgrantsfromtheSöderbergFoundation;tostudyopeninnovationbetweenindustryandacademia,thehealthcareinnovationsystemandthefurtherdevelopmentofmanagementeducationforfuturedoctors.
Service for ideas, advice and enterprisesThroughtheInnovationOffice,KIoffersresearchersandstudentssupportwithideadevelopmentandcollaborationwiththeprivatesector.Italsooffersguidanceforcompaniesseekingacademicpartners.TheInnovationOfficehasbeenfinanced
withseparatestatefunding;SEK5millionfortheperiod2009–2011,andSEK7.3millionfor2012.KIhasmatchedthisfigurewithfundsfromitsownresources.During2012,135advisorycaseswerehandledbytheInnovationOffice,110ofwhichwererelatedtoadvicearoundearlyphaseideasand25wererelatedtobusinesscollaborationsbasedonestablishedresearchatKI(23in2011).TheInnovationOfficeworkstogetherwithUpp-salaUniversityingivingpatentadviceandwithUppsalaBioaroundBio-Xprojectapplications.
TheInnovationOfficeisalsopartneredwithKTHintheKunskapslotsenprojectandcollaborateswithSödertörnUniversityontheEntréQproject.SinceitsestablishmentinNovember2010,theInnovationOfficehas,bywayoftradefairs,seminars,departmentvisits,etc.,hadcontactwith3,512peoplewiththeaimofraisingawarenessandincreasingtheflowofideas.
Common to all operations
44 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
KI’s incubator for commercial projectsKIhasanincubatorofferingcommercialadviceandprojectmanagementintheformofKarolinskaInstitutetInnovationsAB.ResearchbasedideasfromresearchersatKIandotherresearchinstitutionsintheNordiccountriesareevaluatedhere.In2012,KIInnovationsABevaluated77ideasandhad11activeprojectsattheturnoftheyear.KIInnovationsABisresponsiblefortheallocationoffundsfromVinnovatopromisingresearchfindingsinordertoevaluatecommercialpotential.
KIInnovationsABhasevaluatedmorethan1,300ideassincethecompanywasformedin1996.
KI Science ParkKarolinskaInstitutetScienceParkABislocatedbothinSolnaandinFlemingsberg.InDecember2012therewere63companiesintheKIScienceParkemployingatotalof420people.
KIScienceParkoffersbusinessesbothhardandsoftinfrastructure,ameetingplaceforknowledgetransferandexperienceexchange,andLifeScience-specificsupportfunctions.TogetherwithSödertörnUniversity,KIScienceParkalsorunsaservicesectorincubatorinFlemingsberg,whereforexampletwoprojectsfromAstraZenecaarereceivinghelpingettingtheiroperationsofftheground.GrantshavebeenobtainedfromtheEUtodevelopaddedvalueforthecompanies.
In2012,ScienceParkarranged31seminaractivitieswithatotalof540participants.
Karolinska Development AB – a listed investment company KarolinskaDevelopment’sgoalistocreatevalueforinvestors,patientsandresearchersbydevelopinginnovationsfromworldclassscienceintoproductsthatcanbesoldorout-licensedwithhighreturns.Theportfolio,whichon31December2012com-prised34projects,15ofwhichwereinclinicaldevelopment,isstrongwithinthefieldsofcancerandotherareasofsignificantmedicalneed.SinceApril2011,theKarolinskaDevelopmentsharehasbeenquotedonNASDAQOMXStockholm(ticker:KDEV).
Flemingsberg Science FoundationAsKIannouncedinthe2011AnnualReport,KIhasthisyearappliedtothegovernmentforsupportfortheFlemingsbergScienceFoundationbywayoftheStockholmScienceCityFoundation.TheaimistosupportthedevelopmentoftheFlemingsbergareaasaresearchandeducationalenvironment.
Accordingtoinformation,thematteriscurrentlybeingprocessedintheGovernmentOffices.In2012,KIhaspaidsupportpursuanttotheaboveintheamountofSEK0.5million.
Selected key ratios: collaboration, number/SEK millions/% 2009 2010 2011 2012
A Externally financed research, total 2,731 2,824 2,792 2,935
– from companies, total 296 265 250 241
– from overseas companies 100 69 79 73
B Contract research 567 425 422 395
– from companies, total 177 133 129 124
C Contract education, total revenue 50 51 69 63
– from companies, total 15 17 17 14
D Contract education (FTE students) 180 178 235 250
E Adjunct Professors (headcount) 69 52 57 64
– of which are financed by SCC 42 38 42 45
F Doctoral students employed in the private sector
and public organisations (annual working units) 416 419 442 452
G EU projects (FP6, FP7 och EU health programme) 230 204 222 234
– as coordinator 38 29 31 21
H Ideas advice cases treated at KI Innovations AB
and the Innovation Office 88 97 157 178
I KI Innovations AB active projects at turn of year 29 21 13 11
J Companies within KI Science Park 53 56 65 63
K Employed by companies within KI Science Park* 145 585 580 420
L Scientific articles, percentage co-published with
parties outside of KI (%) 82 82 84 83
M Scientific articles, percentage co-published with
parties outside of Sweden (%) 60 60 62 63
Sources: A-D: Ekonomisystemet Agresso. E: KI Academic Appointments and Announcements Office, F: Ladok Student Database, G: KI Researcher Support Office,
H-K: Data from respective operations, L, M: University Library (Web of Science). H refers to the net number, 43 of which are funded by Vinnova’s programme
Verification for Growth. Advice for early phase ideas, established at the Innovation Office from 2011. Data for 2009 and 2010 relating only to KI Innovations AB.
Note: The decline in B, Contract research, is partly due to a modified accounting principle with regard to funding from SCC.
*Data on the number of employees is collected by survey.
InternationalisationQuality
Equal opportunitiesSustainable development
Internationalisation
46 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
01–1011–5051–200201–1 0001000 +
InternationalisationactivitieswithinKIaimtoimprovequalityanddiversitywithinresearch,educationandadministration,withthegoalofstrengtheningtheuniversity’scompetitiveness.AtKI,thereisalongtraditionofinternationalcontactsandscientificexchangeswithresearchers,teachers,doctoralstudentsandstudentsinothercountries.Themapshowsanoverviewofinternationalcollaborationsintermsofthenumberofcopublicationswithdifferentcountries.
New cooperation agreements have been signedMuchofKI’sresearchisconductedincollaborationwithpartnersaroundtheworld.Forthemostpart,collaborativeinteractionsbetweenindividualresearchersandresearchgroupstakesplacewithoutagreementsgoverningthecooperation.Insomecases,however,thereisaneedtostrengthenstrategicresearchfieldsandeducationalcollaborationsthroughformalcooperationagreements,withtheaimofcreatingstrongandstablelinksbetweenthepartnerinstitutions.2012sawthesigningofcomprehensivedeclarationsofintentoragreementsonco-operationwithinresearchand/oreducationwith,amongothers,StellenboschUniversityinSouthAfrica,theChineseUniversityofHongKongandtheUniversityofIllinois.Enhanced co-operation with the Mayo ClinicIn2011,KIandtheMayoClinic,USA,decidedtodeepenandbroadentheirco-operationwithinresearch,education,administrationandinnovation.Anoperationalsteeringgroupwascreatedtoworkwiththestrategicplanningwhichthisentailed.Withintheframeworkofthecooperation,theopportunitytoapplyforfundsfortravelexpensesrelatedtocooperationprojectswasannouncedforthefirsttimein
December.Jointmeetingshavealsotakenplacethroughouttheyear.Forexample,theMayoClinicwasvisitedbythepresidentalongwithmembersofKI’smanagementandStockholmCountyCouncil’spoliticalleadership.Duringtheyear,anannualjointmeetingwasarrangedinRochesterwithatotalofapproximately100participants,whereresearch,educationandinnovationwerethetopicsofdiscussion.
International visits and delegation missionsEachyear,KIreceivesalargenumberofvisitrequestsfromuniversitiesandotherorganisations.Duringtheyear,delegationsfromuniversitiesinBrazil,Australia,HongKong,JapanandUganda,tonamebutafew,havepaidavisittoKI.Inaddition,KIhasreceivedvisitsfrom,amongothers,Canada’sMinisterofHealth,theWHOSecretary-GeneralandthePresidentofFinland.
Thisyear,severaldelegationmissionswerecarriedouttodifferentpartsoftheworld,includingvisitstotheChineseUniversityofHongKongandSeoulNationalUniversity.KIalsosentrepresentativestoShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,theSchoolofMedicine’s60thanniversary,andtoPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter’s100-yearanniversary.
Erasmus MundusKIiscurrentlypartofanumberofErasmusMunduscollabo-rationsinvolving,forexample,India,SouthAfricaandEurope.ErasmusMundusisanEU-fundedcooperationandmobilityprogrammeinthefieldofhighereducation,operatinginconsortiaofEuropeanandnon-Europeaneducationalinstitutions.
Co-publication countries for Karolinska Institutet researchers 2009–2012Certain data included herein are derived from th Web of Science prepared by THOMSON REUTERS, Inc (Thomson), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: THOMSON REUTERS 2011. All rights reserved.
Number of publications
Long standing tradition of international contacts and scientific exchanges
Quality
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 47
In2012,KIwasgrantedcontinuedfundingformobilityanddegree-awardingeducationalprogrammesatadoctorallevelincollaborationwiththeUniversityofSouthAfrica.
Inaddition,aone-yearMaster’sprogrammeisbeinginitiated–PublicHealthinDisasters–togetherwiththeuniversityofOviedoochUniversitécatholiquedeLouvain.Theprogrammewillbegininautumn2013andwillleadtoajointdegreebetweenKIandtheUniversityofOviedo.
Organisation of internationalisation issuesTheinternaloperationalboardsforhighereducation,researchanddoctoraleducationareresponsibleforinternationalisationwithintherespectiveareasofresponsibility.Inaddition,thereisanInternationalStrategyCommittee(IS)specificallyresponsibleforstrategicinternationalisationissues.TheCommittee’smissionistocoordinatetheinternationalisationeffortsatKI,whichinvolvesprioritisingtheproposalsreceivedonuniversity-widecollaborations.
ThedeparturepointforqualityworkatKIisthattheoperationscancontinuallybeimproved.Aprerequisiteforachievingsuccessfulqualityworkisthatitisanintegratedpartofregularoperations.Therequirementsforqualityareformulatedinvariouspolicyandstrategydocuments.Theresponsibilityforqualitywithincoreoperationslieswiththethreeoperationalboards.
EvaluationExternalevaluationshaveaffectedthisyear’sactivitiesbothwithinresearchandeducation.TheresultsoftheexternalevaluationofKI’sresearch(ERA)havebeenfollowedupduringthecourseoftheyear.
In2012,theSwedishNationalAgencyforHigherEducationauditedtenoftheUniversity’sfirst-cycleandsecond-cycleprogrammes.Experiencesgainedfromtheseevaluationswillbetakenintoconsiderationintheon-goingqualitywork.Alsoseethesection”Bachelor’s(first-cycle)andMaster’s(second-cycle)education”.
Operational management Adetailedriskanalysishasbeencarriedoutduringtheyear.ThisriskassessmenthascreatedacommonpictureofwheremeasuresneedtobetakeninordertoachieveKI’sgoals,therebyexposingsignificantqualitydeficienciesintheoperations.Throughtheplanningandmonitoringofeachoperation,con-trolmeasuresaretakeninordertomanagetheidentifiedriskareas.Alsoseethesection”Internalmanagementandcontrol”.Anon-goingreviewofKI’smanagementmodelhasbeenconductedduringtheyearinordertoimproveandassurethequalityofoperationalplanningandinternalcontrol.
Effortstodevelopqualityindicatorshavecontinuedwiththecirculationofproposalsfortheconsiderationofthepartiesinvolved.In2013,theseindicatorscouldbeemployedinconnectionwithqualitycontrol.ImplementationoftheOperationsInformationSystem(VIS)hasbeenunderwayduringtheyearandthefirstparthasalreadybeenlaunched.Thismakesitpossibletomonitoreducationalmissionsaswellascertainstaffstatistics.Thesystemshouldenableaccesstokeyratios,qualityindicatorsandquantitativeinformationonKIandthedepartments’activities.
OrganisationBasedonefficiencyandsavingsrequirements,theUniversityAdministrationhasconductedanorganisationalreviewinautumn2012.Theaimsoftheneworganisation,whichentersintoeffectinMarch2013,includeprovidingeffectiveandqualitativesupporttothecoreoperationsandoperationalboardsaswellasincreasedresultsorientation.Theorganisationwillalsoendeavourtoincreasecoordinationinordertofacilitateabetterresponsetoimportantrecommendationsreceivedfromauditbodies.Furtherdescriptionsofqualityworkcanbefoundundertherespectiveoperationalareas.
Quality an integrated part of operations
Equal opportunities
48 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
KIworksactivelyandpurposefullytoachieveequaloppor-tunitiesforemployeesandstudents.ThisworkisbasedonthecriteriafordiscriminationasdictatedbytheDiscriminationAct.Duringtheperiod2012–2015,muchattentionisgiventothesubjectofgender,withrespecttodiscriminatorypractices.Thereasonforthisisthatthegovernmenthasestablishedarecruitmentgoalforprofessorswhich,inKI’scase,meansthat47percentofnewlyrecruitedprofessorsshouldbewomen.
OrganisationThePresidenthastheultimateresponsibilityforensuringthattargetedequalityworkisconductedatKI.
TheCouncilforEqualOpportunities,whichisdirectlysubordinatetothePresident,engagesinstrategicinitiativesbasedonthesevencriteriafordiscriminationstipulatedintheDiscriminationAct.
TheCouncilincludesrepresentativesfromtheoperationalboards,departmentsandUniversityAdministration,studentunionsandunionorganisations.TheCouncilworksinageneralcapacitybutalsoprovidesdirecttosupporttodepartmentsandprogrammesetc.
Itstasksincludethedevelopmentofanactionplanforequalopportunities.TheCouncilalsoactsasasupportfunctionforthePresidentwithregardtoreferralsandinvestigationsconsideredrelevantforequalopportunities.Atthedepartmentallevel,theHeadofDepartmentisresponsibleforworkpertainingtoequalopportunities.Therearealsooneormoreequalopportunitiesrepresentativesfoundateachdepartment.
Gender distribution in drafting and decision-making bodies as well as at management level TheproportionofwomenamongDeansandViceDeanswas17percentattheendof2012;allDeansandtwooutofthreeViceDeansaremen.Thegenderdistributionamongoperationalboardmembersiscalculatedtobewithintherangeof40–60percent.TheproportionofwomeninKI’sManagementGrouphasdroppedfrom56percentin2011to33percentin2012.
Inaccordancewiththecurrentregulationsforheadofdepartmentassignmentandformsforrecruitmentofdepartmentheads,therecruitmentgroupforeachpostingshallselectatleasttwocandidatesforthepositioncomprisingonemanandonewoman.Theproportionofwomenamongdepartmentheadsis32percent,whichrepresentsanincreaseof5percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.
Launch of online educationInordertoincreaseawarenessandknowledgeofdiscriminationlawandhowKIhandlesandinvestigatesindividualcasesofdiscrimination,aweb-basededucationalprogrammehasbeendeveloped.TheprogrammeisaimedatbothstaffandstudentsatKI.ThisonlineeducationcanbeviewedasanintroductiontotheDiscriminationAct.Togainadeeperknowledgeoflegislation,normsandvalues,KIoffersseminarsandlecturesonequalopportunitiesasithasdoneinthepast.
Project with focus on disabilityInautumn2012,KIinitiatedaprojectwhichfocusesonthediscriminationcriteriondisability.Withinthisproject,measureshavebeenplannedwithintwoareas.
Thisispartlytofacilitateareturntoworkfollowinganillnessthatledtopermanentdisability,andpartlytopreventdiscrimi-nationintherecruitmentcontext.Thesemeasuresarefinancedthroughjointpartysecurityfunds.
SeminarsInadditiontoseminarsandlecturesaimedatspecifictargetgroups,in2012,KIarrangedtheopenlecture”Equalrightsandopportunitiesandaworkenvironmentfreefromdiscrimination–amatterofcourseatKI?”
KIalsoofferedequalityrepresentativestheopportunitytoattendaseminaronagediscriminationintheworkplace.
Furtherdescriptionsofissuessurroundingequalitycanbefoundundertherespectiveoperationalareas,aswellasunderHumanResourcesandcompetencesupply.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 49
Sustainable development
Goodpublichealthisbothaprerequisiteandagoalofsustainabledevelopment.Therearecurrentlysignificantimprovementsbeingmadeinhumanhealthonaglobalscale.Atthesametime,diseasessuchastuberculosis,malariaandHIVposeathreattopublichealthintheworld’spoorerregions,whilecardiovasculardisease,canceranddiabetesimpactthesocietiesofrichercountries.KI’sresearchandeducationhelpidentify,describe,preventandcurethesediseasesandarethereforeofparamountimportanceforsustainabledevelopment.
Duringtheyear,KI’seducationalprogrammescontinuedintheireffortstointegratesustainabledevelopmentintoeducation.Thegoalisforallprogrammestoclarifythesustainabilityissueswhichareofparticularrelevanceandwhetherthereareintendedlearningoutcomesthatconnecttotheseissues.Thepurposeofthisistobettercommunicatetheprogrammes’”sustainabilitycontent”tocurrentandpotentialstudents,andifnecessary,formulatesupplementarycourseelementsandlearningoutcomes.
KI’ssustainabilityworkhasstronglinkstotheUniversity’sworkwithinternationalisation,equalopportunities,entrepreneurshipandethics.Atthisyear’sTeachers’Dayonthethemeof”sustainableeducation”,participantsdiscussedtheneedandopportunitiesforworkinginanintegratedmannerwiththeseareas.
InApril,theMinistryoftheEnvironmentandtheMinistryforForeignAffairshostedtheinternationalconference”Stockholm+40–PartnershipForumforSustainableDevelopment”inmemoryofthefirstUNGlobalConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholmin1972.Inconjunctionwiththeconference,thegovernmentinvitedSweden’suniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionstoorganiselocaleventstoemphasisetherelevanceofeducationandresearchforsustainabledevelopment.AnumberofseminarswereorganisedatKIonthethemeofsustainabledevelopment,whereexamplesfromKI’sresearch,educationandcampusworkwerepresented.
Sustainable campusKIalsocontributestosustainabledevelopmentbytakingenvironmentalandsocialresponsibility,realisedinthewayinwhichweconductouroperations.
Withregardtoitslaboratory-intensiveactivities,KIhasarelativelyhighenergyconsumption,whereinthereisscopeforimprovingenergyandenvironmentalperformanceaswellasfinancialsavings.Energyefficiencyisthereforeanimportantrequirementinnewconstructionandrenovation.
Furthermore,KIconductsenergy-savingprojectsinexistingbuildingstogetherwithKI’slandlord.
Inco-operationwiththelandlordAkademiskaHus,KIhascommencedacomprehensiveinitiativeaimedatimprove-
ments,suchastheenergyrecoveryinairconditioningsystemsthroughoutCampusSolna.Theprojectisscheduledtocontinuethrough2013andisexpectedtoprovideenergysavingsofapproximately4,000,000kWh/year,equivalenttoalmostsixpercentofthetotalenergyconsumptionofthepremisesKIrentsfromAkademiskaHus.In2012,effortswerealsointensifiedwithrespecttoaddressingventilatedworkplaceswherenegativeremarksonsafetyfunctionshadbeennoted.Thisworkwillcontinuein2013.MinimalenergyusewithregardtoequipmentandfurnishingshasalsobeenanimportantrequirementfortherenovationofthehousesW-bergandRetzius.
Attheendoftheyear,amajorenergy-savingprojectwasinitiatedinCampusHuddinge.Theprojectwillrununtil2014andisexpectedtoleadtoa40percentlowerenergyconsumptionintheaffectedbuildingatAlfredNobelsallé8.
AnotherpriorityareawithinKI’ssustainabilityworkistominimisetheenvironmentalandhealthriskswithinlaboratoryoperations.Theinternalenvironmentalauditin2011showedthatriskassessmentsregardingworkinlaboratoriesmustbeperformedtoagreaterextentthanisdonetoday.
Theriskassessmentsaimtoensurethatsubstancesharm-fultotheenvironmentalandhealtharehandledinasafeandresponsiblymanner.Inordertoovercomethisshortcoming,severaleducationalandinformationalactivitieshavebeenconducted.
KIaimstoincreasetheproportionofsource-separatedwastesoastoenableahigherdegreeofmaterialrecycling.Thepossibilitiesforstudentstosource-separatetheirwastehavepreviouslybeenlimited,andhavenowbeenimprovedbothonCampusSolnaandinHuddinge.
Management systemAsignificantpartofKI’ssustainabilityworktakesplacewithintheframeworkofKI’sEnvironmentalandsustainabilitymanagementsystem.Thesystemhasbeenbuiltupinaccordancewiththeinternationalstandardforenvironmentalmanagement–ISO14001.
Theyear’senvironmentalauditwithregardtotheserequirementswasconductedduringtheautumn.Theauditrevealedthattheenvironmentalmanagementsystemhasdevelopedpositivelysincethepreviousyear’saudit.Bothknow-ledgeandcommitmentregardingissuesofenvironmentandsustainabledevelopmenthaveincreasedwithintheorganisation
However,effortstoestablishanumberofkeyelementsinthemanagementsystemmustbecontinued,suchastheintroductionofadeviationmanagementsystemanddocumentcontrolprocedures.
Research and education for sustainable development
Human resources and competence supply
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 51
Human resources and competence supply
FTE staff by category
2009 Wmn (%) 2010 Wmn (%) 2011 Wmn (%) 2012 Wmn (%) Change 2011–12
Professor, pre-clinical 188 23 190 28 203 27 214 29 6%
Professor, clinical 140 18 142 20 144 23 153 24 6%
Senior lecturer, pre-clinical 110 60 112 57 134 62 122 62 -9%
Senior lecturer, clinical 38 40 41 49 38 44 37 41 -4%
Research associate 117 51 138 52 165 52 161 51 -3%
Lecturer 219 80 180 75 166 75 159 75 -4%
Senior research fellow 685 50 708 51 741 54 793 53 7%
Doctoral student 515 67 519 65 544 64 572 64 5%
Admin staff 858 84 896 84 971 83 913 84 -6%
Technical staff 1,005 71 1,020 73 1,003 71 1,068 69 6%
Total 3,875 65 3,944 65 4,109 65 4,192 64 2%
Note: The figures above include all employees, regardless of work hours or length of tenure, but exclude people with assistantships linked to postgraduate grants, adjunct or acting teachers, and employees on leave of absence, parental leave, sick leave, early retirement, etc. With regard to the number of other employees, only those on full leave of absence (rather than parental and sick leave) have been omitted. The figures for all employees (FTE and other) refer to October 2011. The calculation of FTEs, however, does not include staff on sick or parental leave, in accordance with Statistics Sweden’s instructions.
InOctober2012,KIhad4,768employees,anincreaseof65whencomparedwiththesameperiodin2011.Thiscorrespondsto4,192annualFTEemployees,anincreaseof83(twopercentagepoints)on2011.
ThelargestpercentageincreasesareattributabletotheSeniorLecturer(pre-clinical)andSeniorResearchFellowcategories.ThecategorySeniorLecturers(pre-clinical)hasdecreasedby12annualFTEemployees,whichcorrespondsto-9percent.ThecategorySeniorResearchFellowshasincreasedby52annualFTEemployees,correspondingto7percent.
Thestaffturnoverforpermanentstaffwasapproximately14percent.Thisrepresentsanincreaseofonepercentagepointcomparedto2012.Thetotalturnoverofstaff,includingstaffonfixed-termcontracts(anddoctoralstudentswithemployment)wasapproximately23percent,whichisanincreaseofonepercentagepoint.Throughouttheyear,347individualshave
beenemployedwithpermanentcontractsand407haveresigned.Inadditiontoemployees,alargenumberofindividualswithoutaformalemploymentarrangementparticipateinKI’soperations.Thisprimarilyincludesvisitingresearchers,scholarshipstudentsandunpaidAssociateProfessors.Furthermore,countycouncilemployees,suchasnurses,physiotherapistsanddoctors,alsoparticipateinresearchandeducation.
InOctober2012,KIhad572doctoralstudentships,whichisanincreaseof28annualFTEemployeescomparedwith2011,and380doctoralstudentswithstudygrants,representinganincreaseof40annualFTEemployees.Ofthosedoctoralstudents,65percent(254individuals)combinedtheirgrantswithanassistantship.Inaddition,therearedoctoralstudentswithalternativesourcesoffunding,suchasscholarships,otheremploymentatKIoranothereducationalinstitutionorthroughclinicalplacement.
Breakdown by genderAsinpreviousyears,abouttwothirdsofemployeesarewomen.Therationoffemaleprofessorsis27percent,whichisanincreaseoflessthantwopercentagepointscomparedto2011.IntheSeniorLecturer,ResearchAssociateandSeniorResearch
Fellowcategories,thegenderdistributionfallswithintheintervalof40–60percent.Amonglecturers,doctoralstudents(employed)andtechnicalandadministrativestaff,womenrepresentanoverwhelmingmajority,evenifamarginalreductioninthegenderimbalanceisnotedwhencomparedto2011.
Report on human resources
52 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Human resources and competence supply
TherighttopromotionwasremovedfromtheHigherEduca-tionOrdinanceasof1January2011,whereinKIchosenottoreinstatetherightorpossibilityofpromotioninitsorderofadmissionsandemployment.Inconnectionwiththeexpiryofthepreviousemploymentplan,arecordnumberofapplications
werereceivedforpromotiontoSeniorLecturerandProfessor,whererecruitmentdecisionshavebeentakenin2011and2012.Despitethelargenumberofpromotedprofessorsin2011,therehasofyetbeennomarkedreductioninprofessorshipsbeingfilledthroughadvertisementin2012.
New teachers
Newly appointed Professors and Senior Lecturers, including promoted
2009 Wmn (%) 2010 Wmn (%) 2011 Wmn (%) 2012 Wmn (%)
Professor
Advertised position 7 0 10 20 6 17 13 15
Promotion 12 42 20 55 26 42 11 55
Guest 2 0 12 17 3 0 3 0
Total 21 24 42 36 35 34 27 30
Senior Lecturer
Advertised position 7 43 11 55 11 55 16 50
Promotion 7 71 12 75 38 79 3 33
Total 14 57 23 65 49 74 19 47
*Including persons who applied for an advertised lectureship but who were promoted directly to Professor, and including persons recruited from a professorship funded by the Swedish Research Council. The number of promoted Senior Lecturers is one less than that of 2011.
Adm personal
Tekn personal
Doktorand
Forskare
Adjunkt
Fo-assistent
Lektor
Professor
Kvinnor (tot 2 678) Män (tot 1 514)
200600800 600200400 0 400 800
Professor
Senior lecturer
Postdoctoral fellow
Junior lecturer
Senior research fellow
Doctoral student
Technical staff
Administrative staff
800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 800
F 100 M 267 = 367
F 91 M 67 = 159
F 82 M 79 = 161
F 119 M 40 = 159
F 422 M 371 = 793
F 369 M 203 = 572
F 731 M 336 = 1 068
F 762 M 151 = 913
Female, total 2,678
Male, total 1,514
2012 Staff categories: breakdown by gender Total: 4,192
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 53
Human resources and competence supply
Adjuncts, professors and senior lecturers
2009 Wmn (%) 2010 Wmn (%) 2011 Wmn (%) 2012 Wmn (%)
Professor
New adjunct position 4 0 8 38 18 28 9 44
Renewed adjunct position 4 25 7 29 16 25 7 17
Total 8 13 15 34 34 27 16 32
Senior lecturer
New Adjunct position 6 33 6 33 13 46 5 40
Renewed Adjunct position 6 0 5 40 2 50 6 33
Total 12 17 11 36 15 47 11 36
ThegovernmenthasestablishedarecruitmentgoalforKIwhereatleast47percentoftheprofessorsemployedduring2012–2015aretobewomen.ThegoalincludespromotedprofessorsandVisitingProfessors,butnotAdjunctProfessors.In2012,theproportionofemployed(includingVisitingProfessors)andpromotedprofessorswhoarewomentotals30percent.ThePresident’sCouncilforEqualOpportunitieshasappointedaworkinggroupmandatedtodevelopproposalsforactivemeasurestoincreasetheproportionofwomenamongnewprofessorsatKI.
ThenumberofSeniorLecturersrecruitedthroughanadvertisedpositionincreasedslightlycomparedtopreviousyears.ThisisdespitethelargenumberofSeniorLecturerswhogainedpositionsthroughpromotionin2011.TheproportionofwomenamongnewlyappointedSeniorLecturersreached47percentin2012.Thefour-yeartrainingpositionofResearch
AssociatewasremovedfromtheHigherEducationOrdinanceinJanuary2011,butduetotransitionrules,newResearchAssociatescouldbeemployeduntil31October2011.ThepositionwasreintroducedintheOrdinanceon15August2012underthetitleteachingpositionforacquisitionofqualifications.Initsorderofadmissionsandemployment,KIhascontinuedtousethetitleResearchAssociateforthisposition.Inautumn2012,KImadeaninvestmentthroughthecentraladvertisementoffundsfor20positionsasResearchAssociate.Additionalfundsareexpectedtobeallocatedtothisendin2013.Duringtheyear,selectionprocedurehasbeenusedononeoccasion.Theselectedprofessorisaman.
Therewere64AdjunctProfessorsattheyear’sendwhichcorrespondsto15annualFTEemployees,aswellas36AdjunctSeniorLecturerscorrespondingto9annualFTEemployees.
Number of teachers holding PhDs and proportion of all teachers, 2009–2012 (annual FTE employees)
Year Number PhD’s Proportion of total (%)
2009 634 78
2010 665 83
2011 707 84
2012 714 84
PostdoctoralThenumberandproportionofteachersholdingPhDsconti-nuestoincrease(annualFTEemployees).ThisgroupincludesProfessors,SeniorLecturers,ResearchAssociatesandAdjuncts.TeacherswhohavenotcompletedadoctorateareonlyfoundintheAdjunctcategory.
54 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Human resources and competence supply
Sickness absence (%) 2009–2012
2009 2010 2011 2012
Total 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.8
Long-term sickness absence 63.7 57.0 48.9 32.1
Women 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.4
Men 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8
Employees <29 years old 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2
Employees 30–49 years old 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6
Employees >50 years old 3.5 2.9 2.7 2.3
Long-term sickness absence relates to a continuous period of sixty days or more of the total sickness absence period. Sickness absence for women and men is stated as a percentage of the combined regular work hours within the group. The figures do not indicate the sickness absence for women and men as a percentage of the total sickness absence. Sickness absence in age groups is calculated correspondingly.
Sickness absenceSicknessabsencecontinuestodecreaseoverallduring2012,themostsignificantchangerelatingtolong-termsicknessabsence.LikelyreasonsincludechangesimplementedintheregulationsandthefactthatKIworksproactivelywithrehabilitation.In
general,KIhasalowlevelofsicknessabsencebutthedata,inparticularfromshort-termabsence,canbeuncertainduetotheacademicstaff ’sworkhoursnotbeingregulatedtothesameextentasotherstaff.Insomecases,thedayofqualifyingperiodisexchangedforholidaydaysorcompensatoryleave.
InaccordancewiththeAnnualReportsandBudgetDocumentationOrdinance(2000:605),allgovernmentagenciesmustreportandanalysethemeasurestakeninordertoensurethattherequiredcompetenceisavailabletoachievethegoalsoftheoperation.
Inordertoattract,recruitandretaincompetence,KIwishestohighlightactionswithinthefollowingareas:• Recruitmentandmanpower• Leadershipdevelopment• Workenvironmentandhealth• VisitingResearcherServices• Participationandinfluence
Recruitment and manpowerTheprocessof”Supportforthedevelopmentofmanpowerplans”hascometoanend.ThesystemsupportfunctionformappingtheformaleducationforemployeesatKIhasbeendeveloped,andmuchofthisinformationhasbeencollected.However,worktodevelopasystemsupportfunctioninordertoproducecomprehensivemanpowerplanshasnotyetbeencompleted.
Anewrecruitmentsystem,NetRecruiter,hasenteredintooperationduringtheyear.Thepurposeofthesystemistosupportthecommonrecruitmentprocessdevelopedinthe
formofaweb-basedrecruitmentguide,whichaimstoimprovetheefficiencyandqualityassuranceofKI’srecruitmentsandshortenleadtimes.ThedevelopmentofKI’srecruitmentprocess/guidehascontinuedthroughouttheyear.
WorkwithinrecruitmenthasalsoincludedEmployerbrandingintheformofagreementswithvarioussocialmedia,wheretextsandfilmshavebeenproduced.KIhasalsoparticipatedinvariousjobfairsandsimilarevents.Inaddition,therecruitmentfeatureofKI’sexternalwebsitehasbeendevelopedinordertoattractpotentialemployees.
Introductionprogrammesareconductedeachtermforallnewemployeeswithinalloccupationalcategories,andspecificindividualintroductionprogrammesarebeingdevelopedbynewheadsofadministrationthatincludeamentorsystemtofacilitatetheacclimatisationofnewemployees.
Oneprojectrelatingtotheadvertisementandrecruitmentofdoctoralpositionsisalsounderway.TheaimisforKItocompetitivelyreleasethedoctoralpositionsandco-announcetheadvertisements.Thedateoftheintroductionisplannedfor2014.
Leadership development Abasicrangeofleadershipdevelopmentprogrammeshavebeenofferedandconductedduringtheyear,includingtheNational
Sickness absence
Reporting of competence supply
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 55
Human resources and competence supply
DefenceCollege’sleadershipconcept”DevelopmentalLeadership(DL)”,whichisanewfeatureoftheoperations,aswellasaprogrammeincontractualmattersrelatingtomanagerialresponsibility.Theproportionofmanagers/leaderswhoin2012participatedinsomeformofleadershipdevelopmentprogrammeisapproximately23percent(140managers/leadersofabout600),whichisgenerallythesameproportionasin2011.
Inaddition,anumberofmanagers/leadershaveundergoneworkenvironmentprogrammes.Duringtheyear,adeepeningofthemandatoryworkenvironmenteducationhasbeenintro-ducedwithspecialfocusonpsychosocialworkenvironment.Inadditiontoeducationalprogrammes,leadershipseminarshavealsobeenconducted,aswellaseducationalinitiativestogetherwithotheruniversities.
Work environment and healthIn2012,initiativeswithintheareasofsleep,stressandexhaustionhavebeenprioritisedbasedonKI’s2011employeesurvey.Accordingtothesurveyresults,therewasagroupofapproximatelyfivehundredpeoplewhoexperiencedsleepdisordersseveraltimesaweekduetothenatureoftheirofwork.Initially,ourgoalhasbeentooffertheindividualandworkgrouptoolsandstrategiestocounteractunhealthystress.KI’semployeeshavebeenofferedtheopportunitytoparticipateinsleepschools,workshopsfocusingonearlysignals,andstressmanagement(includingMBSRmethods).
Overall,123employeesparticipatedinaneight-weekprogrammefocusingonsleepandstressmanagement,andcloseto30workgroups(450employees)tookpartinvariousworkshops.
Apilotprojectwasinitiatedin2012underthetitle”Developmentofleadership,teamandindividualresources–Productionofamodeltostrengthentheorganisationalclimateandtheeffectiveutilisationofskills.”Withintheframeworkforthisproject,anindepthmappingoftwodepartmentswasperformedduring2012,whichwillbefollowedbyappropriateinterventionsin2013.
MonitoringofthesystematicworkenvironmentinitiativeswithinKIhasbeenachievedthroughmeetingsinautumn2012involvingallthedepartmentalworkenvironmentgroups.Reportsandplanningofnecessaryinterventionswilltakeplace
inthebeginningof2013.KI’scentralWorkEnvironmentCommitteehasbegunworktodevelopanewguidelineregar-dingworkenvironmentandhealth,whichwillreplaceKI’searlierworkenvironmentpolicy.Thiswillbeimplementedduring2013.KIcoordinateswithPreviawithintheareaofcompanyhealth-care.Intermsofcost,Previa’sinitiativesduringtheyearcanbebrokendownintothefollowing;3percentforpromotionalinitiatives,57percentforpreventativeinitiatives,and40percentforrehabilitationwork.Asanewservice,PreviahasalsointroducedaspecificmanagementsupportinitiativewithinKI.
A new health promotion organisationBasedonguidelinesinaccordancewiththeWHOandNICE(NationalInstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence,England),KI’smanagementdecidedonanewhealthpromotionorganisationon29Octoberasaclearsignalvalueandasanimportantpartoftheworkwithcreatinganattractiveworkplace.Themainfeaturesofthisneworganisationincludeahealthpromotionreimbursementforallemployees,opportunitiesforworkplace-basedtrainingforstaffandstudents,andcontinuedtargetedhealthpromotioneffortsthroughoutKI.
Visiting Researcher ServicesVisitingResearcherServicesprovidesinformationforin-cominginternationaldoctoralstudentsandresearchers,aswellassupportforstaffatthehostdepartments.During2012,fourintroductiondayswerearrangedfornewcomersandaseminarwasorganisedfordepartmentstaffincollaborationwiththeSwedishMigrationBoardandTaxAgency.Throughthisservice,theopportunityforincomingdoctoralstudentsandvisitingresearcherstounderstandauthorityregulationscanberealised,alongwithprovidingthemanintroductiontolifeinSwedenandatKI.
Participation and influenceDuringtheautumn,some40headsofadministrationandHRmanagersatKIreceivedaneducationintheEmploymentCo-determinationintheWorkplaceActandcollaboration.ThiseducationwasconductedtogetherwiththeSwedishAgencyforGovernmentEmployers.
56 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Infrastructure
Duringtheyear,KIhascontinueditsworkontheestablishedstrategyaimedatcreatinganinternationallyeffectiveinfra-structurewithintheareasofresearchlaboratories,learningenvironments,laboratoryanimalfacilities,biobanks,genomic/proteomicplatformsandinformatics.Planning,whichprimarilyimpactsCampusSolna,hastakenplaceincloseassociationwithStockholmCountyCouncil.TheinvestmentswillbebasedonKI’sownneedsbutwillsimultaneouslysupportthevisionthatKIshareswithmanystakeholders,whichistostrengthenStockholmasaworld-leadinglifesciencecluster.
Duringtheyear,anumberofmajorconstructionprojectsenteredthefinalstage,andthesebuildingsareexpectedtobecomeoperationalin2013.TheseincludeKI’snewauditorium,theWiderströmBuilding,andthethirdhouse,Gamma,withinthecomplexcalledKISciencePark.TheneedfornewpremiseshasbeenaccentuatedduringtheyearasaresultofincreasedactivitiesandexpansionoftheScienceforLifeLaboratory.Untilthenextmajorbuildingcomplex,Biomedicum,isestablishedin2018,KIisgoingtoexperienceaverystrainedpremisessituation.Thenewbuildingsthatwillbecompletedin2013arealreadyfullyleased.
Thestrategicinvestmentinvolvingthemodernisationandexpansionoflaboratoryanimalfacilities,whoseplanningbeganthreeyearsago,isalsointhefinalstageofitsfirstphase.On1January2012,KItookovertheprimatefacilityAstridFagraeus
LaboratoryfromtheSwedishInstituteforCommunicableDiseaseControl,andananimalhousecalledWbergwasalsoopenedattheendoftheyear.Asaresult,KIhasbeenabletoincreaseitscapacitysignificantly.Theprospectsforconductingresearchwithlaboratoryanimalshavethusincreasedwithregardtobothmodernrequirementsfromauthoritiesandbeingabletocatertothehealthofbothlaboratoryanimalsandstaff.Withtheseinvestments,KIwillhaveaccesstobiologicalmodelsthatmodernmedicalresearchwillinevitablydemand.Thesefacilitiesareconsideredstateoftheartwithinthefield.SciLifeLabwillsoonbecreatingaplatformfor,amongotherthings,genomicsandproteomics,thatwillbeabletocompetewiththebestintheworld,evenifthecapacityisnotaslargeassomeinternationalcounterparts.ItwillconstituteanationalfacilitywithitsbaseinStockholm–Uppsala.Thetechnicalplatformnowrequiresstrongerintegrationwith,forexample,researchwithinthefieldsofmedicineandenvironment.
Thestrategicworkiscurrentlyfocusedontwooftheinfra-structuresnecessaryforresearch;biobanksandinformatics.Withinthebiobankarea,thecontinuedexpansionofinfra-structureforsamplestakenintheframeworkofresearchprojectshasbeenunderway,whileanintegratedapproachtoabroadercollectionofhealthcaresamplesforfutureresearchisnotyetinplace.Duringtheyear,ajointworkgrouphasbeenformedforinformaticsissues.
Strategy
Infrastructure
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 57
Infrastructure
Premises
KI’s auditoriumInconjunctionwithKI’s200thanniversary,KIreceivedadonationfromtheErling-PerssonFamilyFoundation.Thedonationpertainstoanewauditoriumwith1,000seats,officeandconferencepremises,arestaurantandaFacultyclub.In2012,theexteriorofthebuildingwascompletedandtheconstruction’sspectacularformandfacadeemerged.ThebuildingisexpectedtobereadyinJune2013.
Learning environmentTheFutureLearningEnvironmentsprojectisacollaborativeventurebetweenKIandSCCwhichhasdevelopeddifferenttypesofenvironment,bothinformalandformal,withfuturelearningenvironmentsinmind.In2012,twooftheseinformalenvironmentshavebeenrealisedinSolnaandHuddinge.KIhasalsocommencedtheimplementationofformalenvironmentsintheformofninesmallerandmedium-sizedlecturehalls.
The Widerström BuildingDuringtheyear,abuildingforPublicHealthScienceswaserec-tedonCampusSolna,containinglearningenvironmentsandof-fices.Thepremiseswillenterintooperationinthestartof2013.Withinthebuilding,KIwillbesharingpremiseswithSCCandtheSwedishInstituteforCommunicableDiseaseControl.KarolinskaInstitutetSciencePark(KISP)
TheScienceParkconsistsofthreebuildings;Alpha,BetaandGamma.ThemostsignificantoperationaladaptionshavebeenimplementedinAlfainpreparingsuitablepremisesfortheScienceforLifeLaboratory.BetaisbeingleasedforresearchbySwedishOrphanBiovitrum(SOBI).Theconstructionofthelastbuilding,Gamma,ison-going.TenantswillincludetheScienceforLifeLaboratoryandKISP,whoseappropriationofthepremisesisplannedintwophasesduring2013.
Biomedicum – KI’s new high-tech laboratory for experimental researchIn2012,theBiomedicumprojecthasinvolvedagreatdealofplanningandsigningofagreements,andisnowawaitingthegovernment’sapprovalofthelease.Biomedicumcomprisestwoblocks;alaboratorybuildingandaspeciallaboratoryanimalfacility.Overall,theprojectencompassesapproximately78,000squaremetersandacompletiondateisestimatedfor2018.
Wberg animal house PhaseoneintheWbergproject,therenovationoftheoldWallenberglaboratory,wascompletedandreadyformovinginattheturnoftheyear2012/13.Thesecondphase,theupdatingofcurrentanimalfacilities,isestimatedtobecompletebymid-2013.
KI’s portfolio of premises and costs
YearArea sq.m.
(MUA)Cost (SEK m.) Percentage of
total costs
2009 198,009 553 12
2010 204,494 565 11
2011 200,859 586 11
2012 213,881 667 12
Premises costs include rent, electricity, media and janitorial services, etc.
Source: KI’s property management system and Agresso
Financial report
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 59
Financial report
KarolinskaInstitutet’sturnoverfor2012wasSEK5,646million(SEK5,340million).ApositivechangeincapitalofSEK108millionwasreportedforthefinancialyear.SEK–31.5millionofKI’searningsisattributabletoKI’ssubsidiaryKarolinskaInstitutetHoldingAB.Inthissection,Agressoshouldbeconsideredasthesourceunlessotherwisestated.
RevenueKarolinskaInstitutet’soperatingrevenueroseby5.7percentcomparedwith2011.Duringtheperiod2009–2012,thetotalincreaseinoperatingrevenuewasSEK766millionor15.7percent.
Direct government fundingTheincreaseinfunding(excludingfundingformedicaltrainingandresearch)fortheyearwasSEK129million,or6.9percentcomparedwith2011.Ofthepreviousyears’fundingsavingswithinfirst-cycleandsecond-cycleeducation,SEK11.2millionhasbeenreturned.ThisisbecauseKIexceededthe’fundingcap’atsettlementofFTEstudentsandAPEs.KIhadSEK49.8mil-lionremaininginfundingsavingsattheendof2012–seealsofundingreportandNote1.Theincreaseinallocationoffundsforresearchanddoctoraleducation,SEK105.6million,isattributabletoinvestmentswithinstrategicresearch,quality
relatedallocationandpriceandsalaryconversion(0.9percent).CooperationwithintheframeworkofthemedicaltrainingandresearchagreementisreportedunderthesectionCollabo-ration.
External funding, fees and grantsIn2012,externalrevenuefromfeesandgrantsrosebySEK186millioncomparedwith2011.Duringtheyear,anumberofexternalprojectswerecompleted,whichimpactedrevenuefavourably.ThecompletedassignmentfromStockholmCountyCouncilregardingKarolinskaInstitutet’sSchoolofPublicHealthisanexample.
FinancingforthetakeoverofoperationsfromtheSwedishInstituteforCommunicableDiseaseControlhasbeenreceivedasgrantfundingin2012.In2013,thesefundswillbereceivedasgovernmentfunding.
Financial FinancialrevenueamountedtoSEK55millionin2012.Thebig-gestindividualitemunderrevenuewasSEK47.0million(SEK55.3million)ininterestrevenueontheinterestaccountwiththeSwedishNationalDebtOffice.Theannualaverageinterestrateontheinterestaccountfor2012was1.47percent(1.78percent).
Revenue, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Education and research funding 1,535 1,765 1,861 1,990
Clinical education and research funding 550 570 575 576
Total funding 2,085 2,335 2,436 2,566
External funding, fees and grants 2,770 2,888 2,839 3,025
Financial 25 29 66 55
Total external funding 2,795 2,918 2,905 3,080
Total revenue 4,880 5,253 5,340 5,646
Funding/Total revenue 43% 44% 46% 45%
External funding/Total revenue 57% 56% 54% 55%
A correction of SEK 30.3 million has been made to the 2011 external funding on account of a modified accounting principle for doctors with combined positions. See Note 2.
60 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Financial report
Financing diagram KI’s revenue is divided up by financing category in the following chart. The largest individual external sources of funding are listed in the appendix, Table 11.
Karolinska Institutet’s revenue for 2012, SEK 5,646 million in total (2011, SEK 5,340 million)
Government funding
45% (46%)
Research councils 13% (12%)
Other government agencies 7% (6%)
Swedish foundations & organisations 13% (13%)
Foreign foundations & organisations 6% (6%)
Swedish companies 4% (4%)
Foreign companies 1% (2%)
Municipalities & county councils
10% (10%)
Financial revenue 1% (1%)
Theincreaseincostsin2012was6.1percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Duringtheperiod2009–2012,KI’scostshaverisenbySEK772million,or16.3percent.
StaffStaffcostsincreasedbySEK118millionor4.3percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.InOctober2012,KIhad4,768employees,anincreaseof65whencomparedwiththesameperiodin2011.Asalaryreviewhasbeenenteredintothebookson1October2012withanestimatedaverageincreaseof2.8percentforthelastthreemonthsoftheyear.
PremisesAttheendoftheyear,KI’spremisesportfoliototalled213,881m².PremisescostsroseintotalbyapproximatelySEK81millioncomparedwith2011.Inadditiontoindexincreasesforrent,theincreaseincostswasduetoexpandedactivitiesincludingtheScienceforLifeLaboratoryandthetakeoverofoperationssuchastheAstridFagraeusLaboratory.Renovationsofexistingpremisesalsoimpactedpremisescostsastheyarereportedasadditionalrent.
Other operationsOtheroperatingcostsrosebySEK124millioncomparedwith2011,andrepresentanequalpercentageofthecostsasin2011.
FinancialFinancialcostsfellbySEK20millioncomparedwith2011.Thisreductionislargelyduetolowercostsrelatingtoexchangelossesonthesaleofsecurities,SEK1.2million(SEK15.6million).Themarketvalueoftheshareportfoliohasexceededtheoriginalbookvaluein2012,whichledtothe2011write-downoffinancialsecuritiesofSEK1.5millionbeingreversedbythesameamount.InterestexpensesonloansintheSwedishNationalDebtOfficehavedecreasedduetoloweraverageinterestratesin2012,1.47percent(1.78percent).
Costs
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 61
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Therevenuestatementfortheyearisbrokendownbybusinessareainaccordancewiththetablebelow.Thepositivechangeincapital,SEK108million(144.5million),relatesmostlytoresearchandthird-cycleeducation,SEK150.9million.KI’sassetmanagementisalsoreportedwithinthis.Thechangeincapitalhasarisenprimarilywithingovernmentfunding-financedresearchandcanbetracedtothemajorinvestmentmadeinthelatestResearchBill.Thedelayinusingtheinvestedfundsalsoexplainsthepositivechangeincapitalfortheyear.Itcannowbenotedthatoperationsaregrowingatafasterratethanpreviously,whichconstitutesamorerapidutilisationof
funding.Externalgrant-financedandcontract-financedprojectsthathavebeenconcludedduringtheyear,andwhichhavefundsremaining,aretakenupasrevenueduringtheyearandhaveapositiveimpactonthechangeincapital.Negativechangeincapitalwithinfirst-andsecond-cycleeducation,SEK11.4million,istracedtothefactthataccumulatedequityisusedtofinancetheyear’sactivities.KI’ssubsidiary,KarolinskaInstitutetHoldingAB,reportedalossofSEK31.5million.Thisamountconsistsofthe2012preliminaryresultsandadjustedfixedincomefor2011.
Change in capital
Cost trend, SEK millions
2009 % 2010 % 2011 % 2012 %
Staff 2,495 53 2,606 52 2,753 53 2,871 52
Premises 553 12 565 11 586 11 667 12
Other operations 1,555 33 1,659 33 1,645 32 1,769 32
Financial -13 0 8 0 29 1 9 0
Depreciation 144 3 158 3 175 3 190 3
Total costs 4,734 4,994 5,188 5,506
A correction of SEK 30.3 million has been made to the 2011 staff costs on account of a modified accounting principle for doctors with combined positions. See Note 5.
Revenue statement by business area 2012, SEK millions
TotalBachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s
(second-cycle) educationResearch and doctoral
(third-cycle) education
Revenue
Direct government funding 2,565.5 833.1 1,732.4
Fees and other remuneration 770.7 100.6 670.1
Grants 2,254.4 19.8 2,234.6
Financial 54.9 0.00 54.9
Total revenue 5,645.6 953.6 4,692.0
Costs
Staff 2,871.2 507.7 2,363.5
Premises 666.9 109.2 557.7
Other operations 1,768.9 335.7 1,433.2
Financial 9.0 0.1 8.9
Depreciation 190.0 12.2 177.8
Total costs 5,506.1 965.0 4,541.1
Change in capital for the year (excluding subsidiaries and revenue collection)
139.5 -11.4 150.9
Results from participations in subsidiaries and associated companies
-31.5
Results from revenue collection operations 0.0
Change in capital for the year (including subsidiaries and revenue collection)
108.0
62 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
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ThepositivechangeincapitalfortheyearforKI’sordinaryoperationsishigherthantheforecastcontainedintheinterimreport.ThebiggestdeviationintermsofrevenueistheitemExternalfunding,feesandgrants.Thedeviationismainlyduetorevenuefromprojectstakenupasincomebeinghigherthanestimatedintheinterimreport.
Theyear’sstaffcostswereslightlylowerthanexpected,explainedbythereducednumberofemployeesthanhadbeenforecast.
Premisescostswerehigherthanexpectedmainlyduetothemajorinfrastructuralinvestmentscurrentlyunderway,whereinitcanbedifficulttoaccuratelypredictcosts.
Theoutcomeforotheroperationsisprimarilyduetoagreaterincreaseinpurchasedservicesthanexpected.
Advances from external sources of funding and liquid assetsUnexpendedgrantsanddeferredcontractrevenuerelatetonon-accruedcostsforactivitieswhereremunerationispaidinadvancebythefinanciers.CompletedexternalprojectsmeanthattheitemDeferredcontractrevenuedecreases,whichisreflectedinincreasedrevenueintherevenuestatement.
Accruedgrants/contractsrelatestoaccruedcostsforgrant-financedandcontract-financedactivities,whereremunerationisreceivedafterwardsandwhereagreements/contractsexisttoconfirmthis.
Thetableshowsthetrendforadvancesfromgrants/contracts,reducedbyon-goingworkwhichisinvoiced/orderedafterwardsandliquidassets.
Comments on the differences between outcome and forecast
Revenue statement 2012, SEK millions
Outcome Forecast Difference
Revenue
Direct government funding 2,566 2,566
External funding, fees and grants 3,025 2,943
Financial 55 60
Total revenue 5,646 5,569 77
Costs
Staff 2,871 2,905
Premises 667 640
Other operations 1,769 1,730
Financial 9 11
Depreciation 190 186
Total costs 5,506 5,472 34
Change in capital 140 97 43
Advances and liquid assets, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Unexpended grants 2,030 2,224 2,277 2,313
Deferred contract revenue 333 362 358 294
Accrued grants -168 -216 -205 -208
Accrued contracts -6 -4 -9 -8
Net advances 2,189 2,366 2,421 2,391
Liquid assets, bank and Swedish National Debt Office 2,550 3,064 3,384 3,388
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 63
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KarolinskaInstitutetadministersindividualdonationsintendedformedicalscienceatKI.Donationsaredividedupinto:1. FundsreportedwithinKIasanauthority.2. Independentfoundationsthataretheirownlegalentities, withadministrationlinkedtoKI.Forfunds,whichareadministeredandreportedwithinKI,
boththereturnandthecapitalmaybeused.Thefoundationsareseparatelegalentities,andissuetheirownseparateannualreports.Thefoundations’distributedreturntoKIisincludedasexternalgrantsinKI’sreporting.ThefoundationsarereportedinsummarybelowtogiveafullpictureofKI’sdonationcapital,regardlessofthelegalform.
Asset management
Paid research grants In2012,paidresearchgrantsincreasedbySEK143millioncomparedwith2011.GrantfundsfromtheSwedishResearchCouncilincreasedbySEK60millioncomparedto2011.
ThetakeoverofoperationsfromtheSwedishInstituteforCommunicableDiseaseControlhasimpactedgrantfundingpositivelybySEK33million.Thisfundingwillbereceivedasdirectgovernmentfundingfrom2013.GrantfundingfromPerssonFamilyFoundationsincreasedbySEK29million.
Administrative capitalTheaccumulatedadministrativecapitalincludingchangeincapitalfortheyearisSEK1,288.6million,dividedupasfollows:
• SubsidiariesSEK55.5million• AssetmanagementSEK30.2million• OrdinaryoperationsSEK1,202.9million
SeeNotes10and24.
Growth of invested funds during 2012Attheendoftheyear,themarketvalueofsharefundsandinte-rest-bearingfundsreportedwithinKI’sfundmanagementstoodatSEK259.0million(SEK272.4million).During2012,thenetoutflow(differencebetweenpurchasedandsoldfunds)wasminusSEK28.6millionandthechangeinvaluewasplusSEK16million.Managedinvestmentfundportfoliosarein-vestedupto49.3percentinmutualfundsinSwedenandothercountries,and41.1percentinSwedishinterest-bearingassets.Alternativeinvestmentsaccountfor9.6percentoftheportfolio.Return
Thetotalreturnontheinvestmentfundportfoliowas+6.4percentin2012,whichis0.5percentagepointslowerwhencomparedtothereferenceindex.
Funds
Reference index for total administration 2012
SinceOctober2012,thecompositionofthereferenceindexhasbeen:Swedishinterest-bearing OMRXBond 40Shares MSCIWorldNDR (expressedinSEK) 50Alternativeinvestments SSVX12M +3percentagepoints (yearoveryear) 10
DuringJanuary–September2012,theproportionofalternativeinvestmentswaslower:Swedishinterest-bearing OMRXBond 40Shares MSCIWorldNDR (expressedinSEK) 55Alternativeinvestments SSVX12M +3percentagepoints (yearoveryear) 5
Paid research grants, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Research grants 2,284 2,236 2,207 2,350
Return in per cent compared with the reference index
2009 2010 2011 2012
KI’s funds 14.9 1.9 -3.8 6.4
Reference index 13.3 4.1 0.9 6.9
Return is stated net, i.e. including dividends and deductions for administrative costs. Share indices are stated inclusive of reinvested dividends.
64 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
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Distribution of the investment fund portfolio, 31/12/2012
Cash 2,7%
Interest-bearing securities 38,4%
Alternative investments 9,6%
Swedish share funds10%
Global share index funds 39,3%
Thereare235associatedfoundationsoutsideofKI’sscopeofrfeporting,theseissueseparateannualaccountsandannualreports.Nonewfoundationswereestablishedduring2012.NewdonationsplacedwithexistingfoundationstotallingSEK13.7millionwerereceived.Incomparisonwith2011,netwealthhasincreasedbySEK69million,or5.9percent,afterdividendsbutincludingnewdonations.Attheendoftheyear,foundationfundsconsistedofSwedishshares22percent(31),foreignshares41percent(38),hedgefunds8percent(4),interest-bearingsecurities27percent(24)andliquidassets2percent(3).Throughouttheyear,SEK35.8millionwasdistributedtoKIfromthefoundations.Itistheindividualpurposeofeach
foundationthatgovernstheaimandemphasisofthegrant.ForfoundationswithadministrationlinkedtoKI,KIhasreceivedremunerationofSEK0.9millionforadministrativecosts.
Foundations
Distributions from KI’s funds During 2012, SEK 55.8 million was distributed internally at KI. This is divided up by purpose in accordance with the table below.
Allocations from KI’s funds, SEK millions
2009 2010 2011 2012
Research 36.2 32.6 45.4 35.7
First-level education 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.1
Other 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Total 57.0 53.5 66.5 55.8
Research purpose Donor Amount, SEK millions
Donation Professorship in medical science and in clinical medical research T&R Söderberg Foundation 33.0
Medical research and doctoral education Foundation of Tyra and Gustav Svensson’s Memory 16.9
Young gifted researchers W.K. Bowes Foundation 5.3
Cognitive neuroscience Jochnick Foundation 5.0
Scholarships to students from non-EU countries Friends of Karolinska Institutet 4.5
Cancer research Sune and Charlotta Hays Foundation 3.4
Research within haematology Dr Åke Olsson’s Foundation 2.6
Medical research, preferably rheumatic diseases, heart disease and cancer Ulla and Karl Svanlund’s Foundation 2.0
Uppdrag Besegra Stroke (Mission Conquer Stroke) Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation 2.0
Incoming funds to asset managementIn 2012, KI received paid funds to asset management of SEK 90.9 million (85.9). Individual donations of SEK 2 million or more are reported to the right..
Foundations, SEK million
2009 2010 2011 2012
Net wealth 1,231 1,244 1,166 1,235
Funding granted* 52.8 47.5 45.1 35.8
*Amounts for 2009–2011 are adjusted with regard to research grants to KI from external foundations. They have previously been erroneously reported here.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 65
Financial report
Revenue statement, SEK thousands
Outcome Outcome
01/01/2012 01/01/2011
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Revenue from operations
Revenue from funding (Note 1) 2,565,547 2,435,581
Revenue from fees and other remuneration (Note 2) 770,747 740,940
Revenue from grants (Note 3) 2,254,418 2,098,274
Financial revenue (Note 4) 54,902 65,662
Total revenue 5,645,615 5,340,456
Operating costs
Staff costs (Note 5) -2,871,225 -2,753,350
Premises costs (Note 6) -666,949 -585,653
Other operating costs (Note 7) -1,768,913 -1,644,846
Financial costs (Note 8) -9,010 -28,665
Depreciation and write-downs (Notes 11-13) -189,991 -175,106
Total costs -5,506,088 -5,187,621
Operational outcome 139,527 152,835
Results from shares and participations in wholly-owned
and part-owned companies -31,542 -8,525
Revenue collection operations (Note 9)
Revenue from fees etc. and other revenue not at the disposal of the authority 2,117 2,067
Funding credited to the Government budget from revenue collection operations -2,114 -1,871
Balance 3 196
Transfers
Funding received from the Government budget for financing grants 19,801 20,565
Funding received from the authorities for financing grants 34,745 29,577
Other funding received for financing grants 84,661 82,928
Contributions paid -139,206 -133,071
Balance 0 0
CHANGE IN CAPITAL FOR THE YEAR (Note 10) 107,989 144,506
66 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
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Balance sheet, SEK thousands
ASSETS 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Intangible fixed assets (Note 11)
Capitalised expenditure for development 3,828 4,457
Rights and other intangible fixed assets 2,972 4,085
Total intangible fixed assets 6,800 8,543
Tangible fixed assets
Improvement expenditure on property owned by others (Note 12) 42,631 61,073
Machinery, equipment, fixtures and fittings, etc. (Note 13) 662,921 605,589
Fixed assets under construction (Note 14) 65,272 31,438
Total tangible fixed assets 770,824 698,101
Financial fixed assets
Shares and participations in wholly-owned and part-owned companies (Note 15) 55,458 102,443
Other long-dated securities holdings (Note 16) 236,251 244,959
Total financial fixed assets 291,709 347,403
Receivables
Accounts receivable 145,359 121,845
Receivables from other authorities (Note 17) 95,014 80,074
Other receivables (Note 18) 303 772
Total receivables 240,676 202,691
Cut-off items
Prepaid expenses (Note 19) 151,478 128,600
Accrued revenue from grants (Note 20) 207,733 204,561
Other accrued revenue (Note 21) 10,512 14,787
Total cut-off items 369,724 347,948
Settlement with the Government
Settlement with the Government (Note 22) -50,130 -90,435
Total settlement with the Government -50,130 -90,435
Cash and bank
Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account (Note 23) 3,244,073 3,191,142
Cash, postgiro and bank 143,503 193,232
Total cash and bank 3,387,576 3,384,374
TOTAL ASSETS 5,017,179 4,898,625
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 67
Financial report
Balance sheet, SEK thousands
CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Administrative capital (Notes 10+24)
Government capital 5,238 5,238
Profit participation in wholly-owned and part-owned companies 82,000 96,969
Balanced change in capital 1,093,334 949,303
Change in capital according to the revenue statement 107,989 144,506
Total administrative capital 1,288,561 1,196,016
Provisions
Provisions for pensions and similar obligations (Note 25) 7,438 11,548
Other provisions (Note 26) 39,776 38,013
Total provisions 47,214 49,561
Liabilities etc.
Swedish National Debt Office loans (Note 27) 442,336 400,245
Liabilities to other authorities 105,610 95,777
Accounts payable 247,332 192,978
Other liabilities 137,349 177,032
Total liabilities, etc. 932,627 866,032
Cut-off items
Accrued costs (Note 28) 133,031 139,522
Unexpended grants (Note 29) 2,313,002 2,276,622
Other prepaid revenue (Note 30) 302,743 370,871
Total cut-off items 2,748,777 2,787,016
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 5,017,179 4,898,625
Contingent liabilities (Note 31) 183,900 None
68 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
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Accounting principles
ThisannualreporthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewiththeSwedishAnnualReportsandBudgetDocumentationOrdinance(2000:605).KarolinskaInstitutetfollowsgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciplesinaccordancewiththeSwedishNationalFinancialManagementAuthority’sgeneraladviceon§6oftheSwedishBookkeepingOrdinance(2000:606).
Revenueandcostsareperiodisedinaccordancewiththeaccrualsconcept.Thecut-offamountisSEK20,000,000.
ThelimitationamountfordirectdepreciationagainstequityissetatSEK20,000,000.
Valuation of receivables and liabilitiesReceivableshavebeenenteredattheamountwhich,afterindividualexamination,isexpectedtobepaid.Inthosecaseswhereinvoicesorequivalenthavebeenreceivedafterthesetcut-offdate(04/01/2013)orwheretheamountofthereceivableorliabilitywasnotknownexactlywhentheaccountswereproduced,theseamountsarereportedascut-offitems.Foreigncurrencyreceivablesandliabilitieshavebeenvaluedattheexchangerateonthebalancesheetdate.
Valuation of bank balances in foreign currenciesForeigncurrencybankaccountbalanceshavebeenvaluedattheexchangerateonthebalancesheetdate.
DonationsTheacquisitionvalueofadonationisvaluedatthemarketvalueatthetimeofacquisition.Inthecaseofbequeathedgifts,thetimeofacquisitionisdeemedtobethedistributionoftheestate.
Valuation of intangible fixed assetsIntangiblefixedassetsareassetsdevelopedbyKIwhichareintendedtoincreaseKI’sadministrativeservicepotential.Thefinanciallifetimeshallbeatleastthreeyears,andtheacquisi-tionvalueshallbeatleastSEK20,000,000.TheacquisitionvalueincludesbothexternalpurchasesandKI’sowndirectcosts.Installationsaredepreciatedlinearlyatamaximumoffiveyearsfromthemonthofacquisition.
Valuation of tangible fixed assetsAssets,excludingcomputers,whichareintendedforpermanentusewithanacquisitionvalueofatleastSEK20,000,000andhaveanestimatedfinanciallifetimeofthreeyearsorlongeraredefinedasfixedassets.ComputerswithanacquisitionvalueofuptoSEK30,000,000arereportedascostsimmediatelywhentheestimatedfinanciallifetimeislessthanthreeyears.
ObjectswhichconstituteafunctioningunitwithacombinedacquisitionvalueofSEK20,000,000ormoreareclassifiedasfixedassets.Theseassetsarereportedattheiracquisitionvaluelessaccumulateddepreciationaccordingtoplan.Fixedassetsaredepreciatedlinearlyovertheassessedfinanciallifetime.
Depreciationtimesformachinery,equipment,fixturesandfittings,etc.areappliedaccordingtoestimatedlifetimesofthreeyears,fiveyearsortenyears.
Financial fixed assets• Bonds:Onpurchase,thepurchasesumisenteredinthebalancesheetasafinancialasset.Onselling,thefinancialassetsarereducedbythebookvalueandanydifferenceisenteredinthebalancesheetsasacapitalgainoracapitalloss.• Shares/participations:Onpurchase,thepurchasesumisenteredinthebalancesheetasafinancialasset.Onselling,thefinancialassetsarereducedbythebookvalueandthedifferenceisenteredinthebalancesheetsasacapitalgainoracapitalloss.• Depreciation and appreciation:Ifthetotalmarketvalueoftheportfolioisconsiderablylessthanthebookvalueanditisnotcertainwhetherthisdecreaseispermanent,adepreciationisperformed.Adepreciationisenteredbyreducingfinancialassetsinthebalancesheetagainstanincreaseinfinancialcostsintherevenuestatement.Depreciationsandappreciationsarereversedbydecreasingorincreasingfinancialcostswhenthemarketvaluerises.
Externally financed operationsWhenperiodisinggrantsorfees,therevenuefortheperiodisdeterminedbythecostsfortheperiod.Surplusgrantrevenueorfeerevenueisperiodisedasunexpendedgrants/feesorotherprepaidrevenue.
Unexpendedrevenuethatarenotgrantsorfeesistakenupasrevenueagainstthechangeincapitalfortheyear.
Forprojectswherepaymentisreceivedafterwardsandwherethisisconfirmedbyanagreement/contract,thecostsareperiodisedagainstotheraccruedrevenue(inthecaseoffeefinancing)orasaccruedgrantrevenue(inthecaseofgrantfinancing).Ifthereisnoagreement/contract,thecostsaretakenupasrevenueandaffectthechangeincapitalfortheyear.
Karolinska Institutet Holding ABOn1January1998,KarolinskaInstitutettookovertheadministrationofKarolinskaInstitutetHoldingABfromtheMinistryofIndustryandCommerce.Intheannualreport,detailsofparticipationsinsubsidiariesarereportedasshareinearningsinaccordancewiththeequitymethod.TheholdingisreportedinthebalancesheetundertheitemsParticipationsinsubsidiaries,GovernmentcapitalandProfitparticipationinsubsidiaries.
ImprovementexpenditureonpropertyownedbyothersImprovementexpenditureonpropertyownedbyothersistreatedasadirectcostwhenitamountstoamaximumofSEK500,000.Investmentstotallingahigheramountwillbedealtwithviarentsurcharges.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 69
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Reporting of combined positionsIn2012,KIchangedaccountingprinciplesforSPVpremiumswhichapplytodoctorsholdingcombinedpositions(doctorswhoseservicesaresharedbetweenKarolinskaInstitutetandStockholmCountyCouncil,SCC),inaccordancewithdirectivesfromtheSwedishNationalFinancialManagementAuthority(ESV).Thereasonforthechangeinaccountingprincipleswasbecause,asof2011,thepensionpremiumsareincludedinthecounterpartyreportingwithSPV.Previously,KIpostedSPVpremiumstoSCCasannon-governmentaltaxexemptallowance.TheamendmentaffectstheitemOtherrevenuefromfeesandremunerationthathasbeenreduced,seeNote2.In2012,SCC’spensionpremiumswerereportedasacostreductionwhichaffectstheitemEmployerfees,pensionpre-miumsandotherfeesinaccordancewithlawsandagreements,seeNote5.Correctionstothe2011figuresaremadeintherevenuestate-mentandrelatednotes,aswellasthefinancialtables.Exemptionfromcertainprovisionsforuniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsinaccordancewiththepublicserviceagreement
Universitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsaregrantedexemptionfromtheprovisiononsettlementoffundinginaccordancewith§§5and16oftheSwedishAppropriationOrdinance(1996:1189).Settlementagainstfundingandfundingitemsforfundspaidouttotheeducationalinstitution’sSwedishNationalDebtOfficeinterestaccountshalltakeplaceinconnectionwiththemonthlypaymentstotherelevanteducationalinstitution’sSwedishNationalDebtOfficeinterestaccount.
Universitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsaregracctedexemptionfrom§11oftheSwedishAppropriationOrdinance(1996:1189)insuchawaythattheeducationalinstitutionmaytransferbothsurplusproductionandunusedfundingcaps(fundingsaving)toamaximumvalueoftenpercentofthefundingcaptothesubsequentbudgetyear,withoutspecifically
requestingthegovernment’sconsent.Universitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsaregrantedexemptionfromtheprovisionsofchapter2,§4,paragraphthreeoftheSwedishAnnualReportsandBudgetDocumentationOrdinance(2000:605)thattheannualreportmustincludeanaccountofkeyratios.UniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsmustinsteadprovideinformationinaccordancewithAppendix6.
Universitiesandhighereducationinstitutionsaregrantedexemptionfromtheprovisionsofchapter2,§4oftheSwedishAnnualReportsandBudgetDocumentationOrdinance(2000:605)toproduceandsubmittothegovernmentafundsstatementintheannualreport.
InformationInaccordancewiththeSwedishNationalFinancialManagementAuthority’sguidanceonmulti-financedoperations(ESV2006:28),allsourcesoffinancingshouldbeusedinparallel.Oneofthereasonsforthisistogiveanaccuratepictureofhowtheresourcesareused.KIhassignificantsourcesofexternalfinancing,particularlyforgrant-financedresearch,wherefundinghasbeenappliedforandgrantedforresearchwithinaspecificsubject.Grantedfundingissubjecttoconditionsinaccordancewithagreements,andmustbeusedinaccordancewiththeplandecidedonintheagreement.Grantfundingreceivedisnotdirectlylinkedtoperformance,butislinkedtothecostsresearchersappliedforinordertocarryoutresearchwithinaspecificsubject.Againstthisbackground,KIdoesnotfullyapplyparallelconsumptionsincegrantsareusuallygrantedforspecificcostsandnotforperformance.
70 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
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Accounting against funding and revenue headings (SEK thousands)
ACCOUNTING AGAINST REVENUE HEADINGS
Revenue heading Revenue
2,542,001 Patient fees for dentistry education 2,114
2394,01 Interest revenue 0
Total 2,114
CHARGEABLE ACTIVITIES WHERE REVENUE IS NOT AT KI’S DISPOSAL
Activity
Surplus/deficit until
2010
Surplus/deficit until
2011 Budget Outcome Budget Outcome
Surplus/deficit
2012
Closing surplus/
deficit 2012
Dental care centre
Patient fees -309 196 2,000 2,117 2,000 2,114 3 199
REVENUE 2012 COSTS 2012
16.2:15 First-level (first- andsecond- cycle) education(framework)
16.2:15 1 Funding cap* 89,805 589,150 0 -28,812 650,143 600,358 49,785
16.2:16 Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education (framework) 0
16.2:16 2 Basic resource 0 1,307,185 1,307,185 1,307,185 0
16.2:71 Special mandate for universities and higher education institutions
16.2:71 17 Dental care centre 0 92,640 92,640 92,640 0
16.2:71 18 Test after doctors' period of practice following medical school
0 4,468 4,468 4,468 0
Total 0 97,108 0 0 97,108 97,108 0
16.2:72 Remuneration for clinical education and research
0
16.2:72 6 Karolinska Institutet 574,400 327 574,727 574,727 0
16.2:72 9 Task of developing clinical education and research 0
5,9705,970
5,9700
16.2:55 11 Further education of nursing staff* 327 0 -327 0 0 0
Total 327 580,370
0
580,697 580,697 0
Total 90,132 2,573,813 0 -28,812 2,635,133 2,585,348 49,785
*) Since 2010, there are two discrepancies with the Government report in Hermes regarding the opening transfer amount and the withdrawal amount. The discrepancy is SEK +428 thousand for 16.2:15.1, which corrects itself in the withdrawal of SEK 28,812 thousand. For 16.2:55 11, the discrepancy is SEK -16 thousand, which has been adjusted payment-wise during the year. This table shows the adjustment of the opening transfer amount in accordance with ESV’s instructions. Pursuant to this, data is consistent with Hermes regarding the closing transfer amount.
Openingtransferamount
Allocation for the yearin accordancewith public service agreement
Re- allocated amount
With-drawal
Total avaliable amount
Expend-iture
Closingtransferamount
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 71
Notes
Note 1. Revenue from funding31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education 697,466 675,539
Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education 1,291,751 1,185,376
Remuneration for clinical education and research 576,330 574,666
2,565,547 2,435,581
NOTES (SEK THOUSANDS)
A. Available funds (including agreed additional budget) Funding cap for the year 589,150
+ any included funding saving 60,993 Total (A) 650,143
B. Total outcome for first- and second-cycle education
Remuneration for APEs from December in the previous budget year 1,400
Outcome total remuneration in accordance with table 1 598,958
+ any use of previous surplus production 0
Total (B) 600,358 Total (A-B) 1 49,7851 Positive total transferred to table of funding saving below. Negative total transferred to table of surplus production below.
Table. Funding saving
Total closing funding saving (A-B) 49,785
– any funding saving above 10% of the funding cap 2
Closing funding saving 49,785
Table. Surplus production
Total closing surplus production
– any surplus production above 10% of the funding cap 2
Closing surplus production 0
2 The portion of the funding saving and surplus production that the educational institution may not retain without the Government’s approval.
Table 2aCalculation of funding savings and surplus production (SEK thousands)
Funding cap (SEK thousands) 589,150The report shows that the educational institution exceeds the funding cap by (SEK thousands) 9,808The report shows that the educational institution is below the funding cap by (SEK thousands) 0
Table 1aReport of the number of full-time students (FTSs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs)Outcome in relation to the period 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2011
EDUCATION AREA Outcome FTE Outcome APE FTE remuneration (SEK thousands)
APE remuneration(SEK thousands)
Outcome totalremuneration
Humanities 28 26 665 499 1,164Social sciences 517 472 12,120 9,028 21,147Natural sciences 425 383 21,278 16,193 37,471Technology 133 114 6,677 4,819 11,495Care 1,792 1,624 95,412 74,920 170,332Odontology 437 395 19,242 20,282 39,525Medicine 2,553 2,292 151,927 165,896 317,823
Total 5,885 5,307 307,321 291,637 598,958
72 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Notes
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Revenue from fees and remuneration in accordance with§ 4 of the Swedish Fees Ordinance 82,791 63,024
Other revenue from fees and remuneration 687,956 677,916
770,747 740,940
Other revenue from fees and remuneration consists primarily of contract revenue.
Note 2. Revenue from fees and other remuneration
The increase in § 4 revenue is due to increased rental income and increased tuition fees for students from third countries. The item Other revenue from fees and remuneration for 2011 has been revised due to changes in accounting principles in 2012 regarding SPV premiums for doctors holding combined positions. These are reported as a cost reduction under Staff costs, also see Note 5.
Chargeable activities where revenue is at KI’s disposal, SEK thousandThe accumulated surplus of chargeable activities amounts to SEK 95,393 thousand, which represents 18.6 per cent of the operation’s turnover of SEK 514,137 thousand. Part of the surplus will be used in the context of enhanced cooperation with SCC within Public Health Sciences. It will also be used for the co-financing of projects where full cost coverage is not achieved. The surplus will be used, for example, in the development of new courses within the framework of contract education.
Activity
Surplus/deficit
until 2010
Surplus/deficit
2011Revenue
2012Costs 2012
Surplus/deficit 2012
Accumulated closing
surplus/deficit2012
First-or second-cycle education
Commissioned education 4,417 225 6,925 8,593 -1,668 2,974
Vocational college, KY, etc.
Contract education 9,113 43 63,146 52,273 10,873 20,029
Education for students who are obliged to pay tuition fees -1,479 -1,937 5,724 5,895 -171 -3,587
Sum 12,051 -1,669 75,795 66,760 9,034 19,416
Research and third-cycle education
Contract research 53,704 330 395,270 373,063 22,207 76,241
Sum 53,704 330 395,270 373,063 22,207 76,241
Activities where full cost coverage requirements do not apply
Swedish Scholastic Aptitude TestsLetting apartments 1
- exchange programmes and visiting researchers 0 0 339 339 0 0
Letting apartments 1
- Government Decision (U2010/4277/UH)Optician centre 76 -95 453 698 -245 -264
Other activities in accor-dance with Appendix 4 2 42,280 42,280
Sum 76 -95 43,072 43,317 -245 -264
Notes, see opposite side.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 73
Notes
¹ Karolinska Institutet does not deal with the actual letting of accommodation for international students and visiting researchers, but procures this as a service from Karolinska Institutet Housing AB (formerly University Accommodation Center AB,UAC), a wholly-owned company within KI Holding AB. KI paid a fee of SEK 3,492,000 for this during 2012 (SEK 3,000,000/year for 2010 and 2011). In addition, KI has had miscellaneous costs of SEK 261,000 (SEK 257,000). These costs are paid for by funding. Since letting takes place in this way, it is not classified in KI’s accounts as fee-financed activities. KI Housing makes 277 (271) apartments available to KI, of which 64 (58) are researcher apartments and 213 (213) are student rooms. In total, KI Housing rented out apart-ments/rooms to 808 (816) international students and visiting researchers during 2012 (the reservation system was replaced in Jan-Feb, which is why an estimate has been made for this period). The occupancy rate was around 88 per cent. In addition, KI rented out accommodation during 2012 for visiting researchers for a total of SEK 339,000 (SEK 216,000). The cost is assessed to be the same. The need for apartments/rooms is expected to increase in line with increased international exchanges and cooperation.
² During 2012, KI rented out premises to external tenants for a total of SEK 42,280,000 (SEK 37,849,000). There is no separate cost accounting for this activity but full cost coverage is taken as the starting point, which is why the cost i specified in line with the revenue. KI’s policy is to rent out entire buildings if possible in order to have full right of disposition over its premises portfolio. Vacancies which may then arise are used as a premises provision for future needs through renting.
Note 3. Revenue from grants31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Revenue from grants from other authorities 983,626 818,684
Revenue from grants, non-Government 1,270,792 1,279,589
2,254,418 2,098,274
The reduction in interest revenue at the Swedish National Debt Office is due to a lower rate of interest on the interest account in 2012 compared with 2011. The annual average interest rate on the interest account for 2012 was 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent). Capital gain on disposal of financial fixed assets was SEK 2.7 million (SEK 6.5 million) and accounts for the decrease in other financial revenue.
Note 4. Financial revenue31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Interest on Swedish National Debt Office interest account 46,971 55,329
Other financial revenue 7,931 10,333
54,902 65,662
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Salary costs excluding employer fees, pension premiums and other fees in accordance with laws and agreements 1,833,872 1,752,782
Employer fees, pension premiums and other fees in accordance with laws and agreements 894,596 860,645
Doctoral grant 70,061 66,218
Other staff costs 72,696 73,705
2,871,225 2,753,350
Note 5. Staff costs
In 2012, staff costs increased by SEK 117.9 million, or 4.3 per cent, compared with the previous year. In October 2012, KI had 4,768 employees, an increase of 65 when compared with the same period in 2011. The item Employer fees, pension premiums and other fees for 2011 has been revised due to changes in accounting principles in 2012 regarding SPV pre-miums for doctors holding combined positions. These are reported as cost reductions instead of revenue. See Note 2.
At the end of the year, KI’s premises portfolio totalled 213,881 m² (200,859 m²). Premises costs rose in total by approximately SEK 81 million compared with 2011. The cost increase is primarily due to increased premises occupancy and on-going infrastructure investments. Also see the section on infrastructure.
Note 6. Premises costs
74 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Notes
Note 7. Other operating costs31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Remuneration for clinical education and research(medical training and research agreement funding) 574,400 566,553
Other operating costs 1,194,513 1,078,293
1,768,913 1,644,846
Note 9. Revenue collection operations
The balance relates to the net change in potential bad debt losses for non-payment of patient fees at the Department of Odontology.
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Interest on Swedish National Debt Office loans 5,917 7,138
Other financial costs 3,093 21,528
9,010 28,665
Note 8. Financial costs
In 2012, financial costs fell by SEK 19.7 million compared with 2011. The reduction is due to a lower rate of interest on loans at the Swedish National Debt Office. The annual average interest rate on call loans was 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent). This reduction in the item Other financial costs is largely due to lower costs relating to exchange losses on the sale of securities, SEK 1.2 million (SEK 15.6 million). The reversal of 2011’s write-down of securities results in a negative impact amounting to SEK -1.5 million.
Note 10. Change in capital by business area
Balanced change in capital (A)
Change in capital for the year (B) Total (A+B)
Activity
First- and second-cycle education
Education in accordance with public service agreement 125,339 -20,583 104,756
Commissioned work 13,798 9,205 23,003
Total 139,137 -11,378 127,759
Research/third-cycle education
Doctoral education and research 900,276 128,698 1,028,975
Contract research 54,034 22,207 76,241
Total 954,311 150,905 1,105,216
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 75
Notes
Note 12. Improvement expenditure on property owned by others
Applied depreciation periods: 10 years 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening acquisition value 102,278 102,570
Acquisitions for the year 0 -292
Transfer from installations in progress 0 0
Minus acquisition value of scrapped/sold equipment -17,253 0
Closing acquisition value 85,025 102,278
Opening accumulated depreciation -41,205 -31,132
Minus opening accumulated depreciation for scrapped/sold equipment 7,814 0
Depreciation for the year -9,004 -10,073
Closing accumulated depreciation -42,395 -41,205
Book value 42,631 61,073
Sold/retired assets
Capital gain 0 0
Capital loss 9,429 0
Note 11. Intangible fixed assets
Applied depreciation periods: 5 years 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening acquisition value 38,500 34,355
Acquisitions for the year 389 4,145
Minus acquisition value of retired/sold rights -5,917 0
Closing acquisition value 32,972 38,500
Opening accumulated depreciation -29,957 -25,290
Minus accumulated depreciation for retired/sold rights 5,917 0
Depreciation for the year -2,132 -4,667
Closing accumulated depreciation -26,172 -29,957
Book value 6,800 8,543
Retirement refers partly to Effica (patient debiting system for dental care) and partly to database licenses for bibliometric analysis, SEK 5,917 thousand in total.
Note 13. Machinery, equipment, fixtures and fittings, etc.
Applied depreciation periods: 3 years, 5 years, 10 years 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening acquisition value 2,010,676 1,909,570
Acquisitions for the year 224,460 157,831
Transfer from installations in progress 20,859 15,486
Minus acquisitions value of scrapped/sold equipment -57,276 -72,211
Closing acquisition value 2,198,720 2,010,676
Opening accumulated depreciation -1,405,087 -1,316,255
Minus accumulated depreciation for scrapped/sold equipment 48,143 71,534
Depreciation for the year -178,855 -160,366
Closing accumulated depreciation -1,535,799 - 1,405,087
Book value 662,921 605,589
Sold/retired assets
Capital gain 0 74
Capital loss 8,729 603
76 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Notes
Note 14. Fixed assets under construction31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening acquisition value 31,438 19,557
Acquisitions for the year 54,694 27,367
Transfer to assets account -20,859 -15,486
Accumulated acquisition value 65,272 31,438
Fixed assets under construction include improvements to KI’s campus areas. These projects run for several years, which is why the transfer to the assets account may be lower than the opening balance.
Karolinska Institutet Holding AB (100 %) 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Nominal value 3,000 at SEK 100 each 300 300
Book value 55,458 102,443
Note 15. Shares and participations in wholly-owned and part-owned companies
Shares in KI Holding are valued at SEK 47 million lower than at the previous closing of the accounts. This is due to the KI Holding group’s equity capital having diminished by SEK 47 million during the year, of which SEK 34 million resulted from holdings in Karolinska Development being valued at a lower amount. At the year’s start, Karolinska Development was valued at the market price of SEK 24,00 per share, and at year’s end the market price was 15,30 per share.
According to the preliminary as yet unrevised revenue statement and balance sheet for 2012, Karolinska Institutet Holding AB shows a result of SEK -32.4 million (SEK -6.9 mil-lion). Net sales for the year preliminarily total SEK 42.8 million (SEK 47.4 million). The preliminary net sales for the year was, in total, SEK 73.5 million (SEK 122.9 million), with preliminary equity of SEK 55.5 million (SEK 103.3 million). The comparison figures in brackets relate to 2011’s confirmed balance sheet figures. For a more detailed description of Karolinska Institutet Holding AB, see the section entitled Collaboration.
Note 16. Other long-dated securities holdings (relates to asset management)
Shares and participations 31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Book value 143,607 141,525
Market value 152,534 141,525
Bonds, etc.
Book value 92,645 103,434
Market value 99,331 108,194
The investment fund portfolio had developed positively during 2012, and the market value exceeded the book value. 2011’s write-down of the book value of securities holdings (SEK 1.5 million) has consequently been appreciated in 2012.
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Other receivables 303 772
Note 18. Other receivables
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
VAT receivables 81,325 69,374
Other government receivables 13,689 10,700
95,014 80,074
Note 17. Receivables from other authorities
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 77
Notes
Note 19. Prepaid costs31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Prepaid premises costs 130,867 120,419
Other prepaid costs 20,611 8,181
151,478 128,600
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Accrued revenue from grants, other government authority 25,584 32,913
Accrued revenue from grants, non-government 182,149 171,648
207,733 204,561
Note 20. Accrued revenue from grants
Here, accrued costs are reported for grant-financed activities where remuneration is received afterwards and where agreements/contracts exist to confirm this.
Note 21. Other accrued revenue31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Accrued contract revenue 8,230 9,340
Other accrued revenue 2,282 5,446
10,512 14,787Under the item Accrued contract revenue, accrued costs are reported for contract-financed activities where remuneration is received afterwards and where agreements/contracts exist to confirm this.
Note 22. Settlement with the Government31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Revenue collection
Opening balance -16,690 -14,820
Reported against revenue headings (-) -2,114 -1,871
Funds from interest account credited to revenue headings (+) 1 0 **)
Liabilities relating to Revenue collection -18,803 -16,690
Funding in interest-bearing flows
Opening balance *) -90,132 -71,796
Reported against funding (+) 2,585,348 2,456,146
Funding credited to the interest account (-) -2,573,813 -2,455,505
Repayment of funding 28,812 -18,961
Liabilities related to funding in interest-bearing flows -49,785 -90,116
Other receivables/liabilities on the government’s central account at the Riksbank
Opening balance 16,372 14,495
Deposits in non-interest-bearing flows (+) 2,162 1,882
Payments in non-interest-bearing flows (-) -76 -5
Claims on the government’s central account at the Riksbank 18,458 16,372
Balance -50,130 -90,435
With regard to first-level education funding, KI has exceeded the funding cap by SEK 11,208 thousand, including December performances from 2011. In addition, KI has settled SEK 327 thousand relating to an opening funding saving from the special funds for education of healthcare professionals (2:55 funding item 11). In relation to funding for first-level education (the funding cap), 2012 saw KI repay that part of the closing funding amount for 2011 that exceeded 10 per cent of the year’s revenue (SEK 28,812 thousand).
*) During the year, a previous discrepancy (SEK 16 thousand) against the Government report in Hermes was adjusted. This table shows the adjustment of the opening transfer amount. Hence the difference between the closing funding savings in 2011 and the opening funding savings of 2012. See also the funding report.
**) Correction of the 2011 amount. Should be 0.
78 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Notes
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening provision 11,548 14,694
Change in pension provisions for the year -2,530 -1,229
Pension payments for the year -1,579 -1,916
Closing provision 7,438 11,548
Note 25. Provisions for pensions and similar obligations
Note 27. Swedish National Debt Office loans31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Opening balance 400,245 376,343
New loans 175,100 131,285
Repayments for the year -133,009 -107,383
Liabilities to the Swedish National Debt Office 442,336 400,245
Granted loan framework at the Swedish National Debt Office 520,000 440,000
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Disposal of radiation source 2,000 2,000
Skills exchange and skills development initiatives 37,776 36,013
Closing provision 39,776 38,013
Note 26. Other provisions
Note 24. Administrative capital
Government capital
Profit partici-pation in
subsidiaries
Balanced change
in capital
Change in capital according to the
Swedish Financial Accounting
Standards Council
Total administrative
capital
Opening balance 5,238 96,969 949,303 144,506 1,196,016
Previous year’s allocation 475 144,031 -144,506 0
Corrected opening balance 5,238 97,444 1,093,334 0 1,196,016
Change in equity, subsidiary -15,444 -15,444
From the National Public Art Council
Change in capital for the year 107,989 107,989
Closing balance sheet total 5,238 82,000 1,093,334 107,989 1,288,561
Change during the year 0 -14,969 144,031 -36,517 92,545
Change in capital by business area is detailed in Note 10.
Note 23. Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account 3,244,073 3,191,142
of which short-term liquidity needs 0 0
Granted, unused credit on Swedish National Debt Office interest accounts stands at SEK 153.8 million.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 79
Notes
Note 30. Other prepaid revenue31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Prepaid contract revenue, other government authority 54,372 55,035
Prepaid contract revenue, non-government 239,661 302,956
Other prepaid revenue, other government authority 547 5,290
Other prepaid revenue, non-government 8,163 7,591
302,743 370,871
Prepaid contract revenue relates to non-accrued costs for contract-financed activities where remuneration is paid in advance.
Note 28. Accrued costs31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Accrued salaries 21,171 28,828
Holiday pay liabilities 83,343 84,161
Accrued cost to the National Government Employee Pensions Board for pension funds 3,032 10,522
Other accrued costs 25,484 16,012
133,031 139,522
Note 29. Unexpended grants31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Unexpended grants, other government authority 786,534 773,373
Unexpended grants, non-government 1,313,438 1,279,324
Unexpended grants asset management 213,030 223,925
2,313,002 2,276,622
These liabilities relate to non-accrued costs for grant-financed activities where remuneration is paid in advance.
Note 31. Contingent liabilities
31/12/2012 31/12/2011
Contingent liabilities 183,900 0
Contingent liabilities relate to commitments regarding the construction of the upcoming Biomedicum building.
80 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
The university board
Remuneration paid to the Board of Karolinska Institutet in 2012 and details of other commissions (The commissions listed are board memberships and council memberships for other government authorities, as well as directorships of Swedish and foreign limited companies.)
The University Board
SusanneEberstein VästernorrlandPoliceBoard,chair 66,000Chair TheNationalSwedishPoliceBoard,member SwedishCommissionforSecurityandIntegration,member JudicialAppointmentsBoard,member HarrietWallberg-Henriksson KarolinskaInstitutetHoldingAB,member 1,565,666Presidentuntil31/12/2012 TheBoardofStockholmScienceCityFoundation,member StockholmSchoolofEntrepreneurshipSSES,member BiomedicalSciencesInternationalAdvisoryCouncil,Singapore,adviser TheTransparencyCouncilofStockholmCountyAdministrativeBoard,member TheDanishCouncilforResearchPolicyAndersHamsten PartnerandchairmanoftheboardinMedScientia 912,033Presidentfrom01/01/2013 ScientificAdvisoryBoard CarnegieHealthcareFunds,member Heart-LungFoundation’sResearchCouncil,member ProfessorNannaSvartzFoundation,member KingGustafV80yrFoundation,deputyboardmember Lisa&JohanGrönbergFoundation,director SalusAnsvarFoundation,director
AnnikaAndersson, PantorEngineeringAB,chair 28,000ViceChair DanAndersson TheSwedishCancerSociety’sfinanceboard 28,000
EliasArnér BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa–GeneralSubjects,Elsevier,editor 770,184 IMCOCorporationLtdAB,director PRIMABarn-ochVuxenpsykiatriAB,director
AndersBlanck WelfareDevelopmentCouncil,member 28,000 TheAnti-CorruptionInstitute,member SwecareAB,member SwecareFoundation,member EvaFernvall e-HealthInstitute,LinnaeusUniversityofKalmar,chair 28,000 IQ,subsidiaryoftheSwedishAlcoholRetailMonopoly,member EskilFranck Governmentappointedspecialinvestigatorformoreeffective 28,000 methodsagainstviolentextremism
Other commissions Salary/Fee SEK
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 81
The university board
Hans-GustafLjunggren MemberScientificAdvisoryBoard,UmeåCenterforMicrobialResearch 734,280 (UMCR) MemberInternationalAdvisoryBoard,HannoverBiomedicalResearchSchool MemberBoard,ScandinavianFoundationforImmunology President,theSocietyforNaturalImmunity HeadofResearch,CellProtectNordic PharmaceuticalAB(StartupBiotech) TorbjörnRosdahl Noexternalcommissions 28,000 MarieWahren-Herlenius ToreNilssonFoundation,director 723,648 RocognitionAB,director JanAndersson, CentreforTranslationalMolecularMedicine,theNetherlands, 1,145,769VicePresident,Adjunct scientificadviseruntil31/12/2012 TheFlemingsbergScienceFoundation,member TheCarnegieFoundation,scientificadviser TheCenterforMolecularMedicine,director JournalofInternalMedicine,editor
KerstinTham TheVårdalFoundation’sideatesting–Challengesofageing,coordinator 1,031,941VicePresident,Adjunct BoardofEuropeanMasterofScienceinOccupationalTherapy,memberfrom01/01/2013 STROKEassociation’sresearchcouncil,member
TobiasBrosjö Noexternalcommissions 28,582until31/12/2012
FeliciaFixell Noexternalcommissions 43,999until31/12/2012
ÅsaSamuelsson Noexternalcommissions 337,017until31/12/2012
ErikHellsing CaféPartnerScandinaviaAB,deputyboardmember 224from01/01/2013
ArashHellysaz HopeGroupAB,deputyboardmember 196,040from01/01/2013
HampusEksell Noexternalcommissionsfrom01/01/2013
Other commissions Salary/Fee SEK
82 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
The University BoardBack row: Anders Blanck (government appointee); Torbjörn Rosdahl (government appointee); Christina Hammarstedt (staff representative*); Patriq Fagerstedt, (staff representative*); Eskil Franck (government appointee); Dan Andersson, (government appointee); Gunnar Stenberg (staff representative*); Erik Hellsing (student representative); Hampus Eksell (student representative); Bengt Norrving (University Director, primary rapporteur)
Front row: Elias Arnér (faculty representative); Kerstin Tham (Vice-President, additional member); Annika Andersson (government appointee); Anders Hamsten (President, ex-officio member); Susanne Eberstein (Chair-person, government appointee); Eva Fernvall (government appointee); Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren (faculty representative); Arash Hellysaz (student representative);
Absent: Marie Wahren-Herlenius (faculty representative)
* Staff representatives have no voting right
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 83
Decision on the annual report and assessment of internal control
The University Board hereby submits its annual report for 2012. We confirm that the annual report provides a true and fair impression of the authority’s results, costs, revenue and financial position. We also judge the authority’s internal management and control to be satisfactory.
Stockholm, 18 February 2013
SusanneEberstein,Chair EvaFernvallAndersHamsten,President EskilFranckAnnikaAndersson ErikHellsingDanAndersson ArashHellysazEliasArnér Hans-GustafLjunggrenAndersBlanck TorbjörnRosdahlHampusEksell MarieWahren-Herlenius
84 Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
Appendix
Aswithpreviousyears,KIreportsthefollowingperformancemeasures:• costperfull-timestudent(excludingcontracteducationand commissionededucation)• costperannualperformanceequivalent(excludingcontract educationandcommissionededucation)• costperpeer-reviewedscientificpublication• costofadoctoralstudentwithaneducationgrantor employmentatKI
Definitions Full-timeequivalentsandannualperformanceequivalentsaretheperformancescarriedoutduringtheyearandaredefinedinaccordancewiththepublicserviceagreement.CostsrelatetocostsreportedfortheyearwithintheoperationalareaofGovernmentFunding-financedfirst-/Bachelor’sandsecond-cycle/Master’seducation.Costsalsoincludegrant-financedandfee-financedcostsassociatedwiththeactivity.However,contracteducationandcommissionededucationarenotinclu-ded.
Itshouldbenotedthatfull-timestudentsandannualperformanceequivalentshavebeenrelatedtocostsindividually.Itisnotthereforepossibletorelatecostsperfull-timestudentandannualperformanceequivalenttothepricetagsusedinthegovernment’sallocationofresourcestotheeducationalinstitutions.Inthiscontext,itshouldbenotedthatthecostsarealsoincludedintheclinicalsectionsofphysicianandspeechtherapisteducation(correspondingtothefundingformedicaltrainingandresearch)anddentistryeducation(thedentalcarecentre).
Themeasurementsofcostsperfull-timestudentandannualperformanceequivalentaredeemedtoberelativelysecure,astheconstituentelementsrelatetothecurrentyearandareconventional.
Costperpeer-reviewedscientificpublicationincludesallcostsrelatedtoresearchandeducationatthird-cyclelevel,includingcontractresearch.Thereisnoseparationoftheactualcoursecomponentsindoctoraleducationbecausetheycannotbereadfromtheaccountingsystem.
Intheconceptofscientificpublication,KIhaschosentotakearticlesandoverviewarticlesfromitsbibliometricdatabasebasedondatafromThomsonReuters’citationdatabases(WebofScience).
KIhasalsochosentoreport,underKeyratios,thenumberofpublicationsunfractionated(withouttakingintoaccounttheproportionofapublicationattributabletoauthorsattheeducationalinstitutioninquestion).KIhasnotreportedanyinformationregardingpublicationsforthelastyear(2011)asthereisadelayinreceivingreports.
Themeasurement“costperpeer-reviewedscientificpublica-tion”shouldbeviewedwithcautionsincethereisnodirectlinkbetweentheyear’scostsandthesameyear’spublishedarticles.
Theresearchworkinvolvedinanarticlemayhavetakenmanyyears.Inviewoftheabove,thismeasurementshouldberegardedasanapproximatevalue.
Finally,itshouldbeemphasisedthattheseperformancemeasurementsdonotsayanythingaboutthequalityofoperations.Thedevelopmentofthethreemeasurementsiscommentedonbelow. 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Cost per FTE student,
SEK thousands 154 146 144 143 143
Cost per annual performance
equivalent, SEK thousands 170 159 157 159 151
Cost per peer-reviewed scientific
publication, SEK thousands 1,043 1,062 1,022 925
(Excerpt from Key ratios)
Costs per full-time student and annual performance equivalentThecostperfull-timestudentandannualperformanceequivalenthasincreasedby8and13percentrespectivelyduringtheperiod.Theincreasebetween2011and2012isrelativelyhigherthanthepreviousyear’sfigure,butsomecautionshouldbeexercisedwhenmakingcomparisonsbetweentwoyears.Inthecaseof2012,forexample,thenumberofcourseweekswas39whilethelevelofperformancesimultaneouslydiminished.AlsorefertothesectiononBachelor’s(first-cycle)andMaster’s(second-cycle)education.
Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publicationThenumberofpublicationshasincreasedduringtheperiod,whilethecostshavealsosomewhatincreased,resultinginahigherunitcost.However,KI’sinternalmanagementmodelinresourceallocationbetweendepartmentsputsapremiumonqualityintheformofcitationsandthejournals’reputationandimpact,ratherthanthenumberofarticles.Between2010and2011,theunitcostdecreasedasaresultoftherelativeincreaseinpublishing.KIisnotreportingtheoutcomeforthepastyearbecausethereisadelayintheregistrationofthenumberofpublications.Itshouldbenotedthatthecostperpublicationonlyprovidesanindicationofproductivityandnotthescientificimpact.Alsoseethesectiononresearchanddoctoral(third-cycle)education.
Performance and costs within education at third-cycle level and cooperationAsinpreviousyears,KIhasreportedthecostforadoctoralstudentwithemploymentoragrantunderthesectiondoctoraleducation.
For2012,thecostforeducationprovisionwasanaverageofSEK327,000fordoctoralstudentswithemploymentoraneducationgrantatKI(weightedaverage).Thesecostscanbe
Costs for performance
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 85
Appendix
obtaineddirectlyfromthefinancialandstaffreportingsystem(572doctoralstudentswithemploymentand380witheducationgrantsinOctober2012.)Inaddition,therearethefollowingcosts:• supervision• operatingcosts• premises• equipment(depreciationcosts)• indirectcosts.
Supervisoryworkhasbeenestimatedatapproximately20percentofanannualFTEworkloadbasedonasurveyconductedatKIin2011.Therefore,theaveragesalarycostforasupervisorisestimatedatSEK153,000.
OperatingandpremisescostsalongwithdepreciationareproportionedbasedonthenumberofannualFTEemployees,includingdoctoralstudentswitheducationgrantswithintheoperationalarearesearchanddoctoraleducation.Thesamecalculationisusedfordoctoralstudentsasforsupervisors.
ThetotalcostforadoctoralstudentincludingsupervisorcostscanthusbeestimatedatSEK1190(thousand)afteroverheadchargeshavebeenaddedforindirectcosts(SEK1,161(thousand)in2011).
Thedataisbasedinpartonassumptions,whichiswhythecostshouldbeviewedasapproximate.Atableofcostsandcommentscanbefoundunderthesectiondoctoraleducation.
Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012
This publication is an abridged version of the document
delivered to the Swedish Government in February, 2013
Compiled by
University Administrative Department
Karolinska Institutet
171 77 Stockholm
ki.se
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Gunnar Ask, Olle Nordell, Ulf Sirborn, Erik G Svensson, Thinkstock
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ISBN 978-91-85681-53-2