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Medicago scutellata
]CdCl 2[
Medicago scutellata
TFAF
EC
Page,1985
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
Salt et
al.,1995
DNA
Knasmuller et
al.,1998
-SH
Rhinitis
Emphysema
Sharma and Dubey,
2005
Peralta et al.,
2001
Gardeatorresdey et al., 2005
Ali et al., 2003
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Thlaspi
Silene
vulgaris
Gardea-Torresdey et al.,
2005
Nascimento and Xing , 2006 .
pH
pH
pH
Nascimento and Xing , 2006.
Thlaspi caerulesceus
Nascimento and Xing , 2006
Salt
Nascimento and
Xing , 2006
E.crassipes
Brassicaceae
salsola kaliprosopis spp
chenopodiaceaeFabaceae
Gardea-Torresdey et al., 2005
Gardea-
Torresdey
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
Brassica juncea
Sharma and Dubey,2005
Boojar
D. stramonium
Ebenus estellataAstragalus glaucantus
Acantholimon sp.
Ononis
natrix Lactuca viminea
.
Brunet
Ostamen
Eriksson
Anderson and Bingerfors
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
HCLO4HNO3
Atomic absorption
spectrophotometer
TF
TFMarchiol
etal., 2004
1. Translocation Factor
TF =
(AF)
Zu
etal., 2005
AF =
EC
Zu etal., 2005
EC =
sas(ver 9.1)Excel
2. Accumulation Factor 3. Enrichment Coefficient
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
Medicago sativa
Anderson and Bingerfors
T. caerulescense
T. caerulescense
Boominthathan and
Doran, 2003
T. caerulescense
Peer et al., 2003
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Nascimento and Xing, 2006
Medicao scutellata
Medicago scutellata
Mdeicago sativa
TF
AF
EC
EC
EC
y=0/2x+8E-15R2=1,
AF
R2=0/91, y= 0/141x+0/8078
TF
VI
III
Kumar et al.,1995
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
pH
AF
TF
EC
Phytoextraction
Medicago scutellata
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
Cd(root) ( mg/kg dry
weight)
Cd(soil) mg/kg soil
Cd(shoot) (mg/kg dry weight)
AF TF EC
a1CCCCCC
a2
BBBBBB
a3AAAAAA
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
y = 0.2x + 8E-15
R² = 1
02468
10121416
0 20 40 60 80
(AF)
(mg/ Kg)
EC
y = 0.141x + 0.8078R² = 0.9104
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 20 40 60 80
(TF
)
(mg/ Kg)
TF
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago
sativaFestuca arundinacea
PbZn
pH
14. Anderson, A. and Bingefors . 1985. Trends and annual variation in cd concentration in grain of winter wheat. Acta Agriculture Scandinavia, 35:339-344. 15- Ali, M.B., Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Singh, S.N., Singh, S.P., 2003. Phytoremediation of lead, Nickel, and Copper by Salix acmophylla Boiss.: Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Antioxidant Substances. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 70: 462-469. 16. Boominathan, R. Duran, P.M. 2003. Cadmium tolerance and antioxidative defenses in hairy root of the cadmium hyperaccumulator Thalaspi caerulescens.Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83:158
167. 17
Boojar, M., Goodarzi, F., 2007. The copper tolerance strategies and the rol of
antioxidative enzymes in three plant species grown on copper mine. Chemosphere 67:2138-2147. 18
Boularbah, A., Schwartz, Ch., Bitton, G., Aboudrar, W., Ouhammou, A., Morel, J.L.,
2006. Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco: 2. Assessment of metal accumulation and toxicity in plants. Chemosphere 63, 811-817. 19. Brunet, J., Repellin, A., Varrault, G., Terryn, N., Fodil, Y.Z., 2008. Lead accumulation in the roots of grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.): a novel plant for phytoremedition systems?. C. R. Biologies 331, 859-864. 20. Eriksson, J.E. 1990. Factors influencing adsorption and plant uptake of Cd from agricultural soils. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of Soil Science , Reports and Dissertations.
Archive of SID
www.SID.ir
Medicago scutellata
21. Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Peralta, J.R., De La Rosa, G., Parsons, J.G., 2005. Phytoremediation of heavy metals and study of the metal coordination by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 249, 1797-1810. 22. Knasmuller,S. Gottmann, F. Steinkellner, H. Fomin, A. Piekl, C. Paschke, A. God, R. Kundi, M. 1998. Detection of genotoxic effects of Heavy metal Contaminated soils with plant bioassay. Mutat. Res. 420:37- 48. 23. Kumar, P.B. Nanda, A. Dushenkov, V. mott, H. Raskin, I. 1995. Phytoextraction : The use of Plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29(5):1232-1238. 24. Lopez, M.L, J.R. Peralta-videa., T.Benitez., J.L. Gardea-Torresdey. 2005. Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using EDTE and a plant growth promoter. Chemosphere, 61,595-598. 25. Marchiol, L., Assolari, S., Sacco, P., Zerbi, G. 2004. Phytoextraction of heavy metals by canola (Brassica napus) and radish (Raphanus sativus) grown on multicotaminated soil. Environ. Pollut. 132, 21-27. 26. Nascimento, C.W.A.D., Xing, B., 2006. Phytoextraction: A review on enhanced metal availability and plant accumulation . Sci. Agric3, 299-311. 27. Ostamen, G. 1996. Salix formaga att ta upp Kadmiumen faltstudie. Swedish university of Agriculture Science, Department of Ecology and Environmental research, Section of Rotation Forestry, Report, 55: 71- 73. 28. Page, A. L., 1985. Trace element in waste water: their effects on plant growth and composition and their behavior in soil, pp 182-221. SSSA. Madison, Wisc. USA. 29. Peer, W.A. Mamoudian, M. Lahner, B. Reeves, R.D. Murphy, A.S. Salt, D.E. 2003. Indentifying model hyperaccumulating plants: germplasm analysis of 20 Brassicaceae accessions from a wide geographic area. New Phyto. 159:421- 430. 30. Peralta,. J.R., J.L. Gardea Torresdey., K.J. Timann., E.Gomez., S. Arteaga., E.Rascon., J.G. Parsons. 2001. Uptake and effects of five heavy metals on seed Germination , and Toxicology , 66,727-734. 31. Salt, D.E. Blaylock, M. KumarNanda, P.B.A. Dushenkov, V. Esley, B.D. Chet, I. Raskin, I. 1995. Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Bio/Technology. 13:468- 478. 32. Sharma, P., Dubey, R.Sh., 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Braz. J. plant Physiol., 17(1): 35-52. 33. Sudhakar, C., Syamalabai, L., Veeranjaneyulu, K., 1992. Lead tolerance of certain legume species grown on lead ore tailings. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 41,253-261. 34. Zu, Y.Q., Li, Y., Chen, H. Y., Qin, L.,Schvartz, C., 2005. Hyper accumulation of Pb, Zn,Cd in Yunnan, China. Inviroment international. 31, 755-762.
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