Articol - psihologia mediului

8/13/2019 Articol - psihologia mediului

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Low Carbon Behaviours Framework

Key Behaviour Areas Data for Scotland


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Table of Contents

3

5

25

40

50

Introduction

Home Energy

Personal Transport

Food: Diet & Avoiding Food Waste

Consumption: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle


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Introduction

The Scottish Government has set a target to reduce Scotlandsemissions by 80% (1990 baseline) by 2050.

Achieving this will require a shift to a low carbon economy andsociety, with actions from everyone including government,business and households.

80%Emissions

Target

Around 70% of Scotlands emissions are associated withconsumption by households*.

Emissions comprise those arising directly from heating homesand driving cars, as well as those embodied in the goods(including food) and services that we buy.

Role ofindividuals /households

The Low Carbon Scotland Behaviours Framework highlighted

ten key behaviour areas across four themes (home energy,travel, food and consumption) that contribute the most tohousehold emissions. The Framework included a small numberof indicators to track progress in achieving the key behaviours.The data published here is intended to complement theseindicators and give a fuller picture.

Key BehaviourAreas (KBAs)


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Low Carbon Behaviours IndicatorsKey

Behaviour Areas (KBAs)

Home Energy

Percentage ofhouseholds who

monitor theirenergy use

47% of peoplemonitor theirenergy use (very orfairly closely), anincrease of 3percentage pointsi 2008

PersonalTransport

Percentage ofjourneys to work

made by public oractive transport

30% of Scots walk,cycle or use publictransport to get towork.

Scotland Performs -

P f

Food: Diet &Food Waste

Percentage ofpeople who

consume 5 or moreportions of fruit &veg per day

20% of Scots eat therecommended 5 ormore portions offruit and veg per day,unchanged

d t 2008

Consumption:Reduce, Reuse,Recycle

Waste generated:

local authoritymunicipal solidwaste

3.06 million tonnes.

Scotland Performs-Performanceimproving.


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The Key Behaviour AreasHome

Energy

Home Energy

The systems thatheat our homes

Keeping the heatin

Managing homeheating

Saving electricity

PersonalTransport

Becoming less

reliant on thecar

Driving moreefficiently

Usingalternatives toflying wherepractical

Food

Avoiding foodwaste

Eating a healthydiet, high infruit andvegetables, inseason wherewe live

Consumption

Reducing andreusing


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Emissions from home energy

* Estimated GHG emissions from Scottish Households, 2006

**DECC (2013) Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom , Domestic

D t T bl

Emissions from housing

account for 29% of

greenhouse gas emissions

from Scottish households*.

The potential to reduce these

emissions is substantial.

Space and water heating

together account for over

three quarters of energy use

in the home**.

Electricity consumed by

lighting and appliances

accounts for almost a fifth of

home energy use**.

Space heating

66%

Water

16%

Cooking

3%

Lighting and

appliances

15%

UK domestic energy consumption by end use, 2012**


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Key indicator: Percentage of people who

monitor their home energy use

Extent energy use is monitored by householders in Scotland, 2008-2011*

* ( )

47% of people in

Scotland state that they

are monitoring their

energy use very or fairly

closely, an increase of

2% points since 2010

and 3% points since

2008.

Nevertheless, this is only

part of the picture. The

following data gives us a

fuller picture of how

many households are

taking action to reduce

their energy use.0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2009

2010

2011

Very closely Fairly closely Not very closely Not at all Don't know


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Key Behaviour Areas in Home Energy

The systemsthat heat ourhomes

Upgrading boilersand heatingsystems

Installing micro-renewables

Keeping theheat in

Cavity wall,external wall and

loft insulation Double glazing

and otherdraught proofing

Managinghome heating

Activelymanaging space

and waterheating to reduceenergy use

Savingelectricity

Reducing electricityuse. Washing

clothes at lowtemperatures. Linedrying rather thantumble drying.

Buying energyefficient products,when these needto be replaced


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Boiler types in Scotland 2005/062011*

84% of Scottish

households use a

boiler as their

primary source of

heating.

Condensing boilers

are the most energy

efficient boilers.

28% of households

now have some typeof condensing boiler,

up from 3% in

2005/06.


Percentage of households with

condensing boilers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Standard Condensing Combi Condensing

Combi

Back Boiler

Percentage

Boiler Type

2005/06 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


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Around 1% of Scottish

households are using

energy from micro

generation such as solarpanels, or air and ground

source heat pumps. A

further 1% are using

energy from communal or

district heating systems.

Of those using renewable

energy in 2011, solar

panels were the most

common way of

generating renewable

home energy.


Percentage of households using

energy from microgeneration and

communal/district heating systems

Solar panels

47%

Hydro

5%Air and ground

source heat pumps

11%

Biomass

8%

Other

10%

Photo-voltaics

9%

Wind

turbines6%

Geo-thermal energy

4%

Households using energy from microgeneration by source, 2011


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Keeping theheat in


loft insulation Double glazing





Savingelectricity


clothes at lowtemperatures. Linedrying rather thantumble drying



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Percentage of dwellings with insulated external walls

by wall construction, 2007 to 2011*

Insulation: Percentage of cavity

and solid walls insulated

Keeping theheat in

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percentage

Year

Cavity Solid/other

Uninsulated dwellings are estimatedto lose a third of heat through the

walls. In Scotland, 74% of external

walls are cavity walls and 24% are

solid walls.

From 2007 to 2011, the proportion

of insulated cavity walls in dwellings

has increased significantly from 53%

to 66%.

On the other hand, the 11% of

dwellings with external wall

insulation does not indicate asignificant rise since 2007.

Just over 1 in 3 dwellings with cavity

walls (600,000 homes) and 9 in 10

dwellings with solid/other external

walls (546,000 homes) dont have

h i l d


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Keeping theheat in Insulation: Percentage of lofts

with 200mm or more insulation

It is estimated that in an

uninsulated dwelling a quarter

of all heat is lost through the

roof .

In 2011, 45% of dwellings

(628,000 homes) had 200mm ormore of loft insulation. This

compares to 14% in 2003/04

(258,000 homes). Since 2003/04,

the number of dwellings with no

insulation has more than halved.

The recommended depth for

mineral wool insulation, the

most common type, is

270mm**.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Percentage

Year

none

1mm -

99mm

100mm -

199mm

200mm or

more

Depth of loft insulation 2003/042011*


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Keeping theheat in Glazing: Percentage of homes

with double or triple glazingPercentage of dwellings with double glazing, 2005/06 - 2011

The proportion of households

with double glazing has risen

from 88% in 2005/06 to 92% in

2011.

Nevertheless, two thirds ofinstallations occurred prior to

2003*.

The proportion without double

or triple glazing has been falling

steadily. This is a good exampleof an energy saving behaviour

that has become a norm for

householders.

* ( )

80%

82%

84%

86%

88%

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%

2005/06 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percentage

Year


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Keeping theheat in


loft insulation, Double glazing





Savingelectricity





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Managinghome heating Turning heating down: Households

with a thermostat or time clock

Three-quarters of Scottish

households with central heating

have a thermostat. Of these, the

proportion who say they use it to

adjust the heating in their homehas risen from 85% in 2007 to

91% in 2011.

84% have a time clock to manage

heating. Of these, 85% of

households say they use it.The Scottish Household

Condition Survey does not collect

data on what temperature

thermostats are set at.

Percentage of households with central heating that have a

thermostat and/or time clock to manage heating, 2007-2011*

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percentage

Year

Thermostat &

time clock

Time clock only

Thermostat

only


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Turning heating down: Putting on

more clothes when feeling cold

Less than half (44%) of

people in Scotland wouldalways or very often put

more clothes on rather than

turning the heating on or

up.

More women than men do

this.

Percentage of people in Scotland who put on more clothes when

feeling cold rather than putting on or turning up the heating, 2009*

always

24%

very often

20%

quite often

22%

not very often

20%

never

14%


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Reducing hours heating is on:

Any rooms not heated on winter

weekdays/weekends


Less than 1 in 4 Scottish

households turn the

heating off in unused

rooms on all winter

days.

There has been little

change in this figure

over the past five years,despite rising

household energy costs.

Percentage of households who dont heat all rooms in winter,

2007-2011*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percentage

Year

Weekdays Weekends


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Upgrading boilers

and heatingsystems


Keeping theheat in


loft insulation, Double glazing





Savingelectricity




S i


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SavingElectricity Using energy efficient

products: Light bulbsPercentage of households with 50% or more low energy

fixed light fittings, 2007-2011* The percentage of

households with no fixed low

energy lighting more than

halved from 55% in 2007 to

20% in 2011.

The percentage of

households with 50% or

more fixed low energy

lighting more than doubled

from 23% to 48% in the

same period.

Only 12% of households had

100% low energy fixed light

fittings in 2011.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percentageofhouseholds

None

less than 50%

50% or more

Year

S i


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SavingElectricity Using appliances efficiently:

Switching off lights in unused rooms

Almost two thirds of people saythey always switch lights off in

rooms that are not being used

(2009 data). A further 1 in 5 do

this very often.

Only 7% of people never or rarely

switch lights off.

Percentage of people in Scotland who switch off lights, 2009*

* d d h h ld d l d ( ) l d

S i


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Fully turning off TV overnight

Percentage of people in Scotland who leave TV on standby, 2009*

Nearly 60% of people never

leave their TV on standby

overnight.

However, almost 1 in 4

people always leave their TV

on standby.

S i


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Washing clothes at less than 40 degrees

Less than 40 degrees

39%

40-49 degrees

41%

50+ degrees

4%

Don't know11%

Don't do washing in my

household

5%

2 in 5 Scots wash

their clothes atless than 40

degrees*

Temperature people wash their clothes at, 2011*


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Home energy key behaviours

Summary

The key behaviour indicator for home energythe percentage of people whomonitor their energy use (very or fairly closely)has increased by 3% points since

2008 to 47% in 2011.

Progress has been made on the uptake of one-off behaviours such as installing more

energy efficient boilers and loft and cavity wall insulation. This has been helped by

government support through programmes such as CERT, boiler scrappage scheme,

Universal Home Insulation Scheme and Energy Assistance Package. Future support

will provided as part of Home Energy Efficiency Programmes for Scotland.

Heating management behaviours are generally proving more resistant to change.

The use of energy efficient light bulbs shows a positive shift, however there is a lack

of trend data for Scotland on saving electricity behaviours.

The recently published Report on Policies and Proposals (RPP2) and Scotlands

Sustainable Housing Strategy outlines the range of actions the Scottish Government

is taking forward to encourage people to save energy in the home and/or to


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The Key Behaviour Areas

Personal Transport

Home Energy

The systemsthat heat our

homes

Keeping theheat in


Savingelectricity

Personaltransport

Becoming lessreliant on thecar


Usingalternatives toflying where

Food

Avoiding foodwaste

Eating a healthydiet, high infruit andvegetables,grown in seasonwhere we live

Consumption

Reducing andreusing


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Reasons Why People TravelEmissions from transport account for 29% of greenhouse gas emissions from Scottish

households*. People travel for a variety of reasons. Data show that commuting andbusiness travel is the largest category of personal transport mileage (2,076 miles in

2009/10)**. However, when leisure activities (visiting friends and other leisure) are

considered together, travelling for leisure purposes becomes the biggest category of

personal transport mileage (2,716 miles in 2009/10)**.

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

Education/ Escort education

Shopping

Personal business / Other escort

Visiting friends

Other leisure (eg sport, day trip, other)

Commuting/ Business

Miles

Average distance travelled per person by year by purpose**


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Key Behaviour Areas in Personal Transport

Less relianton cars

Walking and/or

cycling Using public

transport

Car sharing


Using a low

carbon vehicle Following fuel

efficient drivingprinciples

Alternatives toflying

Flying less

frequently Taking trains

instead ofdomestic flights

Less reliant


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Less relianton cars Key indicator - Percentage of

journeys to work made by public

transport or active travel

How people travel to work, 19992012*

The proportion of people walking, cycling or taking public transport to work has remained

relatively unchanged at around 30% since 1999.

Cars are still the main mode of travel, with two thirds of people getting to work this way.

Within this, more people are driving (55% 61%), and fewer are travelling as car

passengers (12% 6%).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Percentageofpeople

Rail

Bus

Bicycle

Walking

Less reliant


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Less relianton cars Modal share of public transport

and active travel

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Under 1km

1 to under 2km

2 to under 3km

3 to under 5km

5 to under 10km

10 to under 15km

15 to 20km

20 to 40km

40km and over

Mode of public transport and active travel journeys made, 2011

Walking

Bicycle

BusRail

Dis

tance

Walking, cycling and public transport are the main mode of travel for journeys under1km with 67% of people travelling this way. Around a third of journeys under 1km are

undertaken by car, either as a driver or passenger.

Driving a car is the main mode of transport for all journeys over 1km, and just over

half (51%) of the journeys we make by car are under 5km.

Less reliant


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Less relianton cars People who regularly car share

15% of Scots say they always or very often

car share. Over half the population never

car share*.

Less than two fifths of car journeys are

undertaken by two or more people. The

number of lone car journeys has increased

by 8% points since 1999**.

Percentage of people who say they car share,2009*

always

6%

very often

9%

quite often

14%

not very often

17%

never

54%

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Five or more

Four

Three

Two

Percentage of car journeys with 2 or more people, 1999-2011**


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Less relianton cars

Walking and/or


transport

Car sharing


Using a low




Flying less



Driving more

f f ff


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Driving moreefficiently Proportion of new fuel efficient

vehicles (GB data)

Percentage of new cars in emissions bands A, B and C, 20012012*

Drivers are encouraged to buy

cars in emission bands A, B or C

(emitting less that 120g/km) with

significantly lower rates of VehicleExcise Duty (VED).

The proportion of new vehicles in

bands A, B or C increased from 1%

in 2001 to 37% in 2012*.

Correspondingly, there have been

steep falls in the proportion ofnew cars in band F or below.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Percentage

Year

Band C: 111 - 120 g/km

Band B: 101 - 110 g/km

Band A: Up to 100 g/km

Driving more P ti f li d f l


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Driving moreefficiently Proportion of licensed fuel

efficient vehicles (GB data)Fuel efficiency of licensed vehicles, 20012012*

The influence of the emissions

profile of new car purchases can

be seen in the proportion of

licensed fuel efficient vehicles.

There is a clear pattern towards

ownership of vehicles that emit

less.

The proportion of vehicles

emitting less than 140g CO2/km

is increasing (bands A-E). The

proportion of vehicles emittingthe most (band F) is decreasing.

Turnover of vehicles within the

overall stock will nevertheless

take a number of years.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Band F or below (140g/km or more)

Band D or E (120-140g/km)

Band A, B or C (120g/km or less)

Driving more

l d b d l


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Driving moreefficiently Electric and Hybrid Electric

Vehicles Licensed in Scotland

Currently less than

1% of licensed road

vehicles in Scotland

are electric or

hybrid electric. **

The number of

electric and hybrid

electric vehicles on

the road has

increased in recent

years, albeit from avery low baseline.

Number of licensed electric and hybrid electric vehicles in

Scotland, 2002-2012*

Driving more

h h d


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Driving moreefficiently Drivers agreeing that they drive

slower to save money on fuel

For most cars, the most fuel

efficient speed is 45-50mph.

Driving at 50mph rather than

70mph reduces fuel

consumption by 10%**.

Just under half of car drivers

surveyed in 2012 said they

reduce their speed to save

money on fuel.

55% of drivers either dont

or dont know if they adjust

driving speed for fuel

efficiency.

Percentage of car owners and drivers who reducespeed for fuel efficiency, 2012*

Yes, I do

45%

No, I dont

51%

Cant recall

4%


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Less relianton cars

Walking and/or


transport

Car sharing


Using a low




Flying less



Alternatives to


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Alternatives toflying Percentage of people taking

fewer flights

always

6%very often

5%

quite often9%

not very often

19%

never

61%

Percentage who say they take fewer flights when

possible, 2009*Only 11% of people say they

always or very often take

fewer flights when possible.

Three in five Scots (61%) say

they never take fewer flights,

and a further 19% dont avoid

flying very often.

Our flying emissions are

strongly related to income.

The international aviationemissions of the highest

earners are more than ten

times that of the lowest

income households**.

* UK Household Longitudinal Survey (2011) Early Findings 2009

Alternatives to

D ti i t l


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Alternatives toflying Domestic air travel

The number of air transport passengers has more than doubled since 1990. Domestic

passengers account for around half of the total. However, there has been a decline indomestic passenger numbers since 2006. This reflects the growth of air travel from low cost

operations, which levelled off and reversed during the economic downturn. As the

economy has improved, the position has picked up again in the last 2 years*.

Domestic flights have the highest emissions per passenger/km of all modes of transport**.

Number of domestic passengers travelling to/from

Scotlands five major airports, 2001-2011*

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Num

berofpassengers(thousands

)

Grams of CO2 emitted per passenger km for different

modes of UK transport, 2012**

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140160

180

GramsofCO2perpass-km


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Personal transport behaviours

Summary

The key low carbon behaviour indicator for transportthe percentage of journeys

to workmade by public transport or active travelhas remained unchanged ataround 30% since 1999.

More positively, in terms of driving more efficiently, there is a clear trend towards

the purchase of fuel efficient vehicles, whilst the purchase of alternatively fuelledvehicles is increasing, albeit from a very low base.

The number of domestic air passengers has decreased since 2006, although this is

likely to be due to factors other than positive behaviour change, such as the

economic slowdown.

The recently published Report on Policies and Proposals (RPP2) outlines the range

of actions the Scottish Government is taking forward to positively influence

personal transport behaviours.


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The Key Behaviour AreasFood

Home Energy


Keeping theheat in


Saving Electricity

Personaltransport

Becoming lessreliant on thecar



Food

Eating a healthy

diet, high in fruit

and vegetables,

in season where

we live

Avoiding food

waste

Consumption

Reducing andreusing


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Key Behaviour Areas in FoodDiet

Avoiding foodwaste

Throwing awayless food

Reusing leftoverfood

Eating ahealthy, localdiet

Eating more fruitand vegetables

Eating food inseason where welive

S i bl l h i Ch iEating a


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Sustainable Healthy Diet Choices

*Estimated GHG Emissions from Scottish Households (2006), Table 15. This includes the emissions associated with the production and transportation of food, but

excludes emissions from food waste. **Derived from Macdiarmid et al. (2013), Table 1, for the FSA in Scotland. GHGE estimates only based on the first stages of the

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%35%

40%

45%

Fruit & vegetables Bread, rice, potato,

pasta & other

starchy foods

Meat, fish, eggs,

beans & other non-

dairy sources ofprotein

Milk & dairy Food & drinks high

in fat &/or sugar

Other foods

Percentage

Food Groups

Quantity of food

(percentage byweight in the

eatwell diet)

Pre-Regional

Distribution

Centre GHGE for

different food

groups

Contribution of pre-RDC GHGEcompared to the relative quantities of food in the eatwell week **

Food accounts for around a fifth of Scottish households greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE)*. Evidence shows that dietary choice can

influence the carbon footprint from the food we eat.

Currently, the composition of the average diet in Scotland is not balanced to meet our health and low carbon targets.

The eatwell week, developed by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) in Scotland, shows that it is possible to eat a healthy, balanced diet

that has lower GHGE. The eatwell week is estimated to be approximately 28% lower in pre-RDC GHGE than the current UK diet**.

The chart shows the share of different food groups in the eatwell week and their associated GHGE. For example, fruit and vegetables

account for 42% of food (by weight) and 36% of GHGE, whilst meat, fish, eggs and other non-dairy sources of protein account for 10% of

food and 27% of GHGE.

This reflects the relative weight of these foods within a healthy diet and their associated GHGE. The figures illustrate the importance of

eating a balanced diet.

Eating ahealthy,local diet

Eating a

d l


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The Scottish Governments dietary targets

include:

increasing our consumption of fruit &

vegetables, wholegrains and pulses

reducing our fat intake

Average daily consumption of fruit and

vegetables increased from 259g in 2001 to 279g

in 2009 . This is equivalent to 3 portions perperson*.

While this shows progress, it is short of the

Governments target of a minimum of 400g - 5

portions - of fruit and vegetables a day. As the

chart shows, a fifth of people ate the

recommended 5 or more portions in 2012, with

no statistically significant change compared to

2008**.

Further research in the area of healthy diets and

GHGE is required, e.g. to take account of the

whole life cycle GHGE of different foods. The

Scottish Government will continue to fund and

monitor the evidence base and keep under

review the most appropriate key behaviour

ghealthy,local diet

Key indicatorPeople eating 5 or

more fruit and vegetables a day

*Food Standards Agency (2012) Estimation of Food and Nutrient Intakes

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Percentageofadultsconsumingrecommended5-a-day

Consumption of recommended fiveportions-a-day of fruit and veg: 2008-

2012


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Eating a healthy, local, in season diet

Summary

The key behaviour indicator shows little change so far in peoples food

consumption behaviours.

The Scottish Government promotes a healthy, balanced diet through a variety of

means, including the EatWell Plate, Healthier Scotland Cooking Bus and

Community Food and Health Scotland, and improves access to fresh fruit andvegetables in local communities through the Healthy Living Programme.

The farming industry is reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the Farming

For a Better Climate Initiative. Between 2010-11, there were decreases in

emissions of 3% from the agriculture and related land use sector (0.3 MtCO2e)*.

Initiatives such as Nourish Scotland are working towards sustainable localised foodsystems.

The Scottish Government continues to fund scientific research to help enable

healthy, sustainable dietary choices that are based on sound evidence.

*Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011


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Key Behaviour Areas in FoodAvoiding

Food Waste

Avoiding foodwaste

Throwing awayless food

Reusing leftoverfood

Eating ahealthy, localdiet

Eating more fruitand vegetables.

Eating food inseason where welive.


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Emissions from food waste

Emissions associated withhousehold food waste inScotland are estimated to bethe equivalent of 1.7 milliontonnes of CO2 each year*.

If avoided, this would beequivalent to removing one inevery five cars from Scottishroads.

A fifth of the food and drink

we buy ends up being thrownaway. This costs the averageScottish household 430 peryear**.

Avoiding food
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Y3C8PhBKKDHmNM&tbnid=2nLotqTdMs2l1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://car-pictures.feedio.net/modern-small-car-public-domain-image-picture-in-gallery-cars-is-in/&ei=pjNcUerqA4Oe0QWeyYDQAw&bvm=bv.44697112,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHYI-RKfuf4Kf5wMc5Rgf14G-qPxQ&ust=1365083423044154http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Y3C8PhBKKDHmNM&tbnid=2nLotqTdMs2l1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://car-pictures.feedio.net/modern-small-car-public-domain-image-picture-in-gallery-cars-is-in/&ei=pjNcUerqA4Oe0QWeyYDQAw&bvm=bv.44697112,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHYI-RKfuf4Kf5wMc5Rgf14G-qPxQ&ust=1365083423044154http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Y3C8PhBKKDHmNM&tbnid=2nLotqTdMs2l1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://car-pictures.feedio.net/modern-small-car-public-domain-image-picture-in-gallery-cars-is-in/&ei=pjNcUerqA4Oe0QWeyYDQAw&bvm=bv.44697112,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHYI-RKfuf4Kf5wMc5Rgf14G-qPxQ&ust=1365083423044154http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Y3C8PhBKKDHmNM&tbnid=2nLotqTdMs2l1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://car-pictures.feedio.net/modern-small-car-public-domain-image-picture-in-gallery-cars-is-in/&ei=pjNcUerqA4Oe0QWeyYDQAw&bvm=bv.44697112,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHYI-RKfuf4Kf5wMc5Rgf14G-qPxQ&ust=1365083423044154


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People throwing food away

59% of people say they

waste little or no food

and only 1% admit to

wasting quite a lot*.

However, food andkitchen waste accounts

for almost a third (31.5%)

of all household waste -

by far the biggest share

by waste type**. This

suggests people arent

always aware of how

much food theyre

throwing out.

Percentage of people who throw food away by quantity (Spring 2011, 2012, 2013)*

waste

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2011

2012

2013

None Hardly any A small amount

some A reasonable amount Quite a lot

Avoiding food


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People who reuse leftover food

** Zero Waste Scotland/ WRAP Consumer Food Waste Prevention Tracker (Spring

More people say they

reuse leftover food

than throw it away*.

Almost half of Scots

use leftovers as part of

another meal, and

about a third use

leftovers as a meal in

itself. Less than one in

six say they throw

leftovers away**.

Percentage of people who reuse and throw away leftovers, 2011-2013**

waste

* Multi-code question where more than one response was possible

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2011 2012 2013

Percentage

Year

Used as part of

another meal

Used as a meal

in themselves

Didn't get used

and were

thrown away

d b h


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Food waste behaviours

Summary

There is limited trend data on food behaviours. The data that we do have since

2011 shows little change so far in peoples behaviours.

By changing our behaviour around how we buy, store, and prepare our food we

can reduce food waste. Prevention involves behaviour throughout the foodjourney.

The Scottish Governments 2012 national food waste prevention campaign

combined practical advice with information on the cost and environmental impacts

of food waste.

Furthermore, major grocery manufacturers and supermarkets have signed up to

use their influence to help consumers make further reductions, for example

through pack design, clearer date labelling and storage advice.


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The Key Behaviour Areas - Consumption

Home Energy


Keeping theheat in


Saving Electricity

Personaltransport

Becoming lessreliant on the

car



Food

Avoiding foodwaste

Eating a healthy

diet, high infruit andvegetables,grown in seasonwhere we live

Consumption

Reducing andreusing, inaddition to the

efforts wealready makeon recycling


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Reusing andrepairing

Giving productsa second useand only

replacing whennecessary.

Recycling -Closing the

production loopby recovering,and processing

materials thatwould

otherwisebecome waste,into the original

or similarproducts.

ReducingPurchasing

second handgoods andavoiding

unnecessarypackaging.

Reducing, re-using andrecycling

Reducing andi d Key indicator Municipal solid


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reusing , andrecycling

Key indicatorMunicipal solid

waste generated

Local authority collected municipal solid waste, 2000/01- 2011/12* A reduction in the amount ofwaste generated is an indicator

of greater resource efficiency

and more sustainable

consumption behaviour -

addressing the first step in the

waste hierarchy ('Reduce, Re-

use, Recycle, Recover'). In thefirst instance, the indicator

measures local authority

collected municipal solid waste

with a view to focusing on

household waste when data

becomes available.

This type of waste decreased

by 3% in 2011/12, continuing a

downward trend from

2006/07.

*Scotland Performs National Indicators : Reduce Waste Generated, SEPA data

** Local Authority Collected Municipal Waste is waste generated by households, plus commercial and industrial waste similar to that generated

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

WasteArising(M

illionTons)

Year

The amount of

waste is now

11% lower than

at its peak in

2006/07.

How common household itemsReducing and

R i d
http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/content/campus-reducing-waste


53/58

How common household items

are disposed ofReusing, andrecyclingThis table indicatesdifferent pathways of

disposal for reusable items.

Donating to charity is the

most popular option for

disposing of clothes andtextiles, and the second

most popular option for

disposing of furniture.

For all categories except

clothing/textiles, disposalat the tip is the most

popular option. Potential

for re-use and recycling at

the tip is site dependent.

CLOTHING / TEXTILES

(832)

LARGE APPLIANCES

(266)

ELECTRICALS

(421)

FURNITURE

(267)

% % % %

Donated to

charity68

Disposed of

at my local

tip

23Disposed of at

my local tip60

Disposed of at

my local tip31

Disposed of at

my local tip14

Arranged for

a collection

by the

council

22

Gave to

family or

friends

10Donated to

charity29

Other 7 Donated to

charity9

Threw it away

in my bin9

Arranged for

a collection by

the council

21

It was takenaway when

the new

product was

delivered

8Donated to

charity8

Gave to

family or

friends

16

Gave to

family or

friends

5

Arranged for

a collection by

the council

5

Pathways of disposal for reusable household items, 2013*

People choosing to buy secondReducing andReusing and


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People choosing to buy second

hand items

Reusing, and

recycling

Furniture (31%

including bed frames,

sofas/armchairs &

other large furniture)

and clothing/textiles

(15%) are the most

popular second hand

purchases. Only a

small proportion of

people currently buy,

or consider buying,

second handelectrical goods.

0%

2%

4%

6%8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Item bought second hand

Perce

ntage

Percentage of people buying an item that chose to buy second

hand, 2013*

Reducing andReusing and


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Recycling different items

Batteries (1058)

Plastic carrier bags (1060)

Food waste (1046)

Soft plastic packaging (1088)

Foil (1072)Aerosol cans (1014)

Plastic pots, tubs and trays (1080)

Drink cartons/tetrapak (1060)

Glass jars or bottles (1086)

Garden waste (917)

Plastic bottles (1088)

Food and drinks cans/tins (1086)

Card / cardboard (1086)

Paper (1054)

Recycle kerbside Recycle other means Put in the general rubbish Do something else

Reusing, and

recycling

Percentage of householders recycling different items, 2013*

Paper and card/cardboard are the most recycled items, with a high proportion being

recycled kerbside. Food and drinks cans/tins, plastic bottles, garden waste and glass jars or

bottles also have the highest levels of recycling. The figures for kerbside recycling broadly

reflect the availability of this service. Foil (62%), soft plastic packaging (62%) and food waste

(58%) are currently the items most likely put in the general rubbish.

C ti R d l


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Consumption: Reduce, reuse, recycle

Summary

The trend data for the key behaviour indicator shows that the volume of municipal

solid waste collected by local authorities is declining.

The Scottish Government and Zero Waste Scotland (ZWS) are working together to

improve data collection on the 3Rs behaviours that will complement other sources ofdata. For example, from 2012 the Scottish Household Survey will provide trend data

on households use of local authorities food waste kerbside collection service and

home composting.

The Scottish Government and ZWS are working to improve the collection of reusable

items and recyclingparticularly food waste with over 1 million households (46% )

expected to have access to a food waste collection service by February 2014. Work

with reuse organisations to help them expand their operations is currently underway.


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Key contacts and the data reported in this publication are

available to download from the Scottish Government

website as a separate Excel file.

Published: October 2013


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t l d k

Crown copyright 2013

You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of theOpen Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/

or e-mail: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need toobtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

ISBN: 978-1-78256-901-5 (web only)

The Scottish GovernmentSt Andrews HouseEdinburghEH1 3DG

Produced for the Scottish Government by APS Group ScotlandDPPAS14749 (09/13)

Published by the Scottish Government, September 2013

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