ASIAN DEFENCE AND DIPLOMACY

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The M-346 Experience counts

M-346_Desert_275X210indd 1 29052012 155843

DEFENCE amp DIPLOMACYASIAN

Str

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Fo

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Asi

a Volume 19 March 2012 wwwAsianDefence-Diplomacycom

S i n g a p o r e $ 1 0 R e s t o f t h e W o r l d U S $ 2 0 C O N T R O L L E D C I R C U L A T I O N ( A v a i l a b l e O n S u b s c r i p t i o n D e m a n d ) P P S 1 7 4 4 0 9 2 0 1 1 ( 0 2 0 1 8 5 ) M I C A ( P ) N O 0 6 7 0 5 2 0 1 1

The Indian Air Force

Corvettes and Fast Attack Craft

Nuclear Forces in Asia

The JF-17

O

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d

e

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B

o

o

k

i

n

g

Farnborough Airshow(Farnborough UK 9-15 July)

Air To Ground PGMs

JulyAugust 2012

Anti-UAV Warfare

Military Pistols

Data Fusion In Fighter Cockpits

Bonus Exhibition Distribution at

The almost total demise of unguided weapons in favour of precision guided munitions the competition within armed forces and industry has become intense as has the proliferation of systems Additionally the ability to be able integrate these weapons with the aircraft that use them is often more important than the weapon itself

Much is made of UAVrsquos but how easy is it to shoot down a UAV Evidence suggests that it is easier than many have come to believe and with UAVrsquos seeing increasing investment this article will ask the hard questions many have failed to ask to better inform the policy makers and senior military readership of Asian Defence and Diplomacy

Military pistols are seeing a greater and greater accept-ance in armed forces and especially since the beginning of the ldquowar on terrorrdquo Now deemed essential for almost all members of armed forces with NATO armies the trend may well have implications for Asia and especially forces working within or along side NATO and the UN

In the ldquosee first shoot first kill firstrdquo world of the modern fighter cockpit the quick effective and useful presenta-tion of information is now deemed critical to air-to-air and air-to-ground combat This article will examine the current equipment and ideas that are making this intention a reality

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IN FOCUS

5 wwwAsianDefence-DiplomacycomASIAN DEFENCE amp DIPLOMACY - June 2012

As this issue hits the shelves and the hands of the defence industry gathered for Eurosatory 2012 it seems worth asking how will the de-fence industry fair when there is little or no US or European money around Chances are that Greece will not be spending a lot of money on defence in the near future and nor will Spain or Italy So what has this to do with Asia

Potentially a great deal As long ago as eighteen months back those informed in defence industry matters began to swing their heads away from the boom and bust of the flow down from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts and started to ask what were the markets when Europe ran dry Oddly almost no one within the defence me-dia seemed to spot this trend Does such a trend even exist Even if it doesnrsquot it clearly should because European and NATO defence spending is not something anyone should bank on becoming wealthy by being part of unless they are prepared to dig in for the long haul Today Asia has itrsquos own defence industry where as 15 or even 20 years ago it did not or at least not one that could usefully supplant the offering from Europe and the US For example Korea and Singa-pore have become serious AFV manufacturers India may become one soon Turkey should not be discounted as looking to compete with Israel in some Asian markets albeit Israel has never exactly done great business in Pakistan or Malaysia

Let us be clear no one is attempting to predict seismic changes in the world defence industry but changes are occurring in the inter-national and national economies which will have direct impacts on who spends what and defence and why

While many talk of the lucrative possibilities of South Korea (or even a unified Korea) Indian Indonesia and Vietnam all becoming G10 economies thus potentially lucrative defence markets it may well follow that those nations such as India and South Korea will become the preferred suppliers China is probably going to remain massively significant while supplying its partners of choice with massive de-fence subsidies and not being a market for anyone but themselves

Asia could become a fairly barren market for European suppliers with what has been traditionally expensive equipment If this was not enough it is worth remembering that Brazilrsquos defence industry may well come back in a big way and not just in terms of aerospace but also AFV expertise which the nation used to have

Again this is not to say the entire western defence industry needs to pack up and go home but the time for a complete re-think may well be well over due Asia has comparable technology massively cheaper labour and development costs and a market that is prepared to lever-age the benefits of cheaper but less sophisticated platforms and sys-tems because they enable the mass that has a value all of itrsquos own

William F Owen EditorAsian Defence amp Diplomacy

WHERErsquoS THE MONEY

SEA SYSTEMS


SIZE MATTERS FRIGATE FORCES AND DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA

In February the Iranian government in a highly publi-cised move sent a lsquodestroyerrsquo through the Suez Canal on

a visit to Syria to demonstrate its support for President As-sadrsquos regime

In fact the ship sent was a 1350-ton Alvand class light frigate but the move demonstrates the importance to medi-um-sized navies including those in Asia of the frigate as a means of projecting strategic power The terms lsquofrigatersquo and lsquodestroyerrsquo are sometimes interchangeable and often con-fused Pakistanrsquos Tariq class (formerly the British Amazon class) are referred to as lsquodestroyersrsquo while the Philippines Navy has acquired a lsquofrigatersquo which is actually a former US Coast Guard Cutter and intends to acquire another

By Ed Hooton

The Republic of Singapore Navy Formidable-class multi-role stealth frigate RSS Steadfast (70) (PHOTOUS NAVY)

Some of the older US High- and Medium-Endurance Cutters (3300-1820-ton displacement) were equivalent to frigates and could accept a range of weapon and sensor sys-tems providing this capability but they were not true frig-ates The frigate is generally a diesel- or combined diesel propulsion vessel of between 1500 and 5000 tons displace-ment designed for ocean-going lsquoblue waterrsquo operations

The frigate is a multi-role escort platform with an empha-sis upon Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW) but a limited Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) capability To meet these requirements these sophisticated ships usually feature air and surface surveillance radars a hull-mounted active sonar a medium calibre (76-127mm) gun surface-to-surface missiles and a helicopter deck capa-

Multi-Role

SEA SYSTEMS


The KD Lekiu is one of two modern frigates with the Royal Malaysian Navy Plans for Batch 2 ships have been scrapped as the Navy opts for corvettes (PHOTOBAE Shipbuilding)

Many Pacific Rim navy frigates may be regarded as second generation vessels and these include the 13 Oliver Haz-ard Perry (FFG 7) and 10 Knox (DE 1052) class ships the former either ac-quired from the United States or built under licence for the Australian (Ad-elaide class) and Taiwan (Cheng Kung class) navies The Perrys are unique in have an area defence AAW capability through the SM 1 MR (Standard Missile 1 Medium Range) missile with a range of 205 nautical miles (38 kilometres) and were the first US frigates with gas turbines the Knoxes (used by Taiwan and Thailand) having steam boilers and turbines By contrast the 29 ships in the Jianghu (Type 053) family lack any integral AAW capability for they have no surface-to-air missiles which severely restricts their use while their ASuW potential is limited by the ob-solescent HY-2 (CSS-N-3 lsquoSeersuckerrsquo) anti-ship missile which is a derivative of the Russian lsquoStyxrsquo large subsonic surface-to-surface weapon

China built four of these frigates for Thailand as the Chao Phraya class which were reported to be very badly built with poor sealing of the water-

China Built tight bulkheads which compromised their safety in the event of damage However in March of this year the Chinese transferred two Jianghu 2 (Type 053) class frigates to the Myan-mar Navy as the UMS Mahar Ban-doola and Mahar Thiha Thura

Some of this generation are being or have been upgraded Australia is providing some of its Adelaides with a new command and weapon control system sensors and a vertical launch-ing system for Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles (ESSM) giving the ships a local area capability of 10 nautical miles (185 kilometres) augmenting their new SM-2 Block IIIA missiles Pakistanrsquos Tariqs were upgraded on an individual basis with all receiv-ing MASS decoy launchers while all but PNS Tippu Sultan received Pha-lanx close-in weapon systems The upgrade has been piecemeal with DA 08 radars the 9LV Mk 3 command and control systems LY 60 local area AAW systems (with LL 1 weapon con-trol radars) in PNS Tariq Khaibar and Tippu Sultan the last also receiving a Najir electro-optic search and weapon control system selected for PNS Babur and Shahjahan PNS Babur also re-ceived 9LV Mk 3 new torpedo tubes

and Harpoon anti-ship missiles which have been installed in PNS Badr and Shahjahan yet the sonars remain 1970s systems installed when the ships were transferred to Pakistan

Indonesiarsquos Ahmad Yani (formerly DutchVan Speijk) class frigates ac-quired in 1986 had their geared steam turbines replaced between 2006 and 2008 with Caterpillar 3612 and 3616 diesels except for KRI Oswald Sia-haan which received SEMT Pielstick 12 PA6Bs Half had earlier received LIOD Mk 2 electro-optical directors in the mid 1990s while a Simbad launcher for Mistral missiles has been installed to enhance self protection but with their Harpoon missiles now time-expired these ships are now little more than patrol craft

The DutchIndonesian ships were based upon the British Leander class as are Indiarsquos Nilgiri Godavari (Proj-ect 16) and Brahmaputra (Project 16A) classes The Nilgiris are essentially ASW platforms which have been en-hanced with variable depth sonar and they lack any modern form of AAW capability although INS Taragiri and Vindhyagiri have both been modified to operate Heron II unmanned air ve-hicles (UAV) In the other two classes

ble of operating at least a light-weight (4 tonne) aircraft They often feature local-area (7 nautical miles or 13 kilo-metres) surface-to-air missile systems

Most of the large- and medium-sized Asian navies feature these ships with 14 operating a total of some 160 a few of which date to the 1950s and are little of varying ages the oldest appar-ently being the Philippine Navyrsquos BRP Rajah Humabon which was commis-sioned as the USS Atherton and was later transferred to Japan which in turn transferred it to it current owner in 1980 She is one of 16 Asian frigates including all of Vietnamrsquos Russian-built Petya (Project 159) class ships built more as ASW platforms and now unsuitable for modern escort opera-tions which represent 10 per cent of the continentrsquos inventory

SEA SYSTEMS


the Israeli Barak local area defence missile is being installed replacing the Soviet SA-N-4 lsquoGeckorsquo while Oto Melara 76mm guns have replaced Russian mountings In the Brahma-putra class lsquoStyxrsquo type missiles have been replaced by SS-N-25 lsquoSwitch-bladersquo which is comparable with Har-poon while both of the newer classes also operate variable depth sonars the Godavaris being the first Indian ships with a digital command and weapon control system an Alenia IPN-10

Frigates often deploy rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) for boarding or special operations so the use of USVs in future frigates is perfectly feasible Major na-vies are already examining the use of

Upgrading is also a feature for vessels of the later 1980s-1990s generation as demonstrated by the Australian-New Zealand Anzac class based upon the German MEKO 200 Australian ships are being incrementally upgraded starting with ESSM indeed HMAS Warramunga was the first ship in the world to be fitted with these weapons Since then they have received the Pe-trel mine obstacle avoidance sonar Harpoon Block II anti-ship missiles MU 90 lightweight torpedoes they will also be modified to accept S-70B-2 Seahawk helicopters and will receive the 9LV Mk 3E command and weapon control system which is the founda-tion of the Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade programme

SOF and UAV

Upgrades

The Royal Malaysian Navy frigate KD Lekir (26) seen underway in the Strait of Malacca (PHOTO US NAVY)

has long been recognised but this is now an integral part of ship design as reflected in the latest generation of Asian frigates Chinarsquos Jiangkai (Type 054) family reflect this with shaping of the superstructure to reduce the radar cross section and the Jiangkai II (Type 054A) extend this philosophy by in-troducing a vertical launching system within the hull Curiously Pakistan selected the Chinese-designed Sword (F 22P) class frigates as the heart of its new frigate programme and these are based on the Jiangkai hulls But all lack any built-in stealth design features yet Pakistan has decided to build another four with Chinese assistance

By contrast both Indiarsquos Russian-built Talwar (Project 11356) and the do-mestically produced Shivalik (Project 17) class frigates all incorporate these features indeed so impressed has the Russian Navy been with the Talwars that they are planning their new class of frigates on these ships Vietnam has also turned to Russia to meet its frigate requirements and last year acquired two lsquostealthyrsquo Gepard (Project 11661) class ships with a displacement of 2100 tons a local area defence SA-N-4 lsquoGeckorsquo missile lsquoSS-N-25 lsquoSwitchblade anti-ship missiles and a variable depth sonar system

Perhaps the lsquostealthiestrsquo frigate design is Singaporersquos French-built Formidable class which feature the Herakles multi-function radar and vertical-launch systems for the Aster modular AAW missile system which is available both in local area and area (16 nautical miles or 30 kilometre) ver-sions It is believed in industrial circles that one or more of these vessels is in line to have a unique feature an unmanned surface vessel (USV) han-dling system

The ships are receiving the CEAFAR phased array radars to replace Sea Gi-raffe a Vampir NG infra-red search and track system as well as Sharpeye navigational radar and an improved communications suite HMAS Perth was the first ship converted complet-ing trials in July 2011 and in Novem-ber 2011 approval was given for an upgrade programme that will cost Aus$650 million and is scheduled for completion in 2017

Since 2009 the New Zealand Anzacs have been undergoing a Platform Sys-tems Upgrade including a new engi-neering control and monitoring system and the more powerful MTU 12V 1163 TB 93 diesel engines to replace the TB 83 units while the shipsrsquo stability has also been improved These ships have received a Phalanx close-in weapon system formerly installed in Leander class frigates and this is being up-graded to Block IB standard while for ship protection two Mini-Typhoon remotely-operated heavy machinegun mounts are also installed (Australian ships have provision for them but they are deployed only on certain deploy-ments) Wellington is considering a self-defence upgrade programme that will probably be similar to that of the Australian ASMD but funding for this has still to be arranged

The need to reduce ship signatures

SEA SYSTEMS


its finances on acquiring submarinesChina is currently building up to six

3900-ton Jiangkai II class ships whose 32-cell hull-mounted vertical launch system is believed to house HQ-16 area defence AAW missiles India is likely to receive the first of its three Improved Talwars from this year and is begin-ning work on the Improved Shivalik (Project 17A) with a requirement for seven of these 5300-ton ships which may use the extended range version of the Barak missile Barak 2Barak 8 which is being developed by both Is-rael and India Vietnam ordered in Au-

HMAS Perth is the first of the Anzac frigates to receive the ASMD upgrade (PHOTO BAE Australia)

The Indonesian frigate KRI Karel Satsuit Tubin (KST 356) (PHOTO US NAVY)

gust another two Gepards for delivery from 2015

South Korea is working on the first four of its Future Experimental Frigate (FFX) programme to replace the Ulsans These 3200-ton ships will incorporate lsquostealthrsquo features and in addition to the usual capabilities might have a land-attack role Batch 1 will involve four to six ships the first-of-class being built by Hyundai and when the design has matured it will lead to up to 20 Batch 2 ships Pakistan is known to be seeking another four frigates from China and it is reported these will be larger than the Swords suggesting they may receive an area AAW capability

China seems the likeliest source to meet frigate requirements from Ban-gladesh which wishes to replace three former British ships which are now little more than training vessels and a requirement from Myanmar for a 3000-ton ship to help secure the coun-tryrsquos exclusive economic zone Taiwan has a requirement the Kuang Hua 7 programme for eight 2000 ton ships to replace the Knoxes

Frigate demand in the Pacific Rim and Asia remains buoyant as is the up-grade business but there is clearly doubt in the mind of many navies as to the way ahead Is bigger better or is small beautiful It remains to be seen

UAVs from the helicopter decks and this seems likely to feature in future frigate requirements with the potential of augmenting armed helicopters with Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles In-terestingly in looking at the next gen-eration of Australian frigates circa 2025 the requirement for these eight 6000 ton ships is likely to include the ability to operate both helicopters and UAVs

There is no universal view about frig-ate acquisition for a variety of reasons Indonesia Japan and Malaysia appear to be moving away from frigates in some cases possibly as a medium term (10 year) solution to funding problems Japan is emphasising lsquoblue waterrsquo dominance especially in the light of Chinarsquos expanding navy and moving towards destroyers although some of these lsquodestroyersrsquo are actually helicop-ter carriers By contrast Indonesia and Malaysia are moving in the opposite direction towards corvettes indeed Kuala Lumpur has scrapped plans for two Leiku Batch 2 frigates partly be-cause their shipyards lack the facilities to build complex frigates although the new generation of corvettes may pro-vide the opportunity to close the gap North Korea is also moving away from frigates towards smaller surface com-batants and midget submarines while the Royal Thailand Navy is focusing

LAND SYSTEMS


The tracked infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) is a relative-ly new weapon for many Asian militaries although

armoured personnel carriers (APC) have long been a stal-wart Asia is also vigorously following the international trend towards more mobile 8x8 vehicles to augment their tracked fleets Funding new IFVs and operating them is expensive so it is often cost effective to simply upgrade older armoured vehicles Furthermore because IFVs often have a service life of 40-50 years there will always be a need to upgrade them While the USA Europe Israel and Russia dominate the upgrade market there is ample room for Asia-Pacific countries to explore opportunities This article examines the IFV upgrade options open to coun-tries and what decisions key nations have been making about IFVs

50 YEARS IN SERVICEUPGRADING INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLES By Gordon Arthur

This Australian M113AS4 named lsquoExcelsiorrsquo belongs to 1 Field Squadron of the Darwin-based 1st Combat Engineer Regiment (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

The demise of the Cold War and the preponderance of low-intensity conflicts requiring mobile expeditionary forces have had a profound impact on IFVs An enormous influ-ence has come through recent combat experience in Iraq and Afghanistan Although few Asia-Pacific countries have deployed armoured vehicles to these counterinsurgency zones many militaries are taking note of lessons being learned by countries like the USA and United Kingdom

Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS


Weapon and fire control technologies progress relatively rapidly so this is an element where upgrades are re-quired for older platforms There is a general trend towards heavier-calibre cannons as lsquoopponentrsquo IFVs receive more effective armour The bench-mark was once the M242 Bushmas-ter but vehicles armed with 25mm cannons are certainly in the running to receive new weapons Future IFVs will likely carry heavier 35mm weap-ons such as the 3550 Bushmaster III Oerlikon KD series or Rheinmetall Rh 503 Singaporersquos Bionix II mounts the 30mm ATK Mk44 Bushmaster II Weapons will need more powerful armour-piercing ammunition and

Armament

Singapore improved its M113 fleet by upgrading vehicles via ST Kinetics This is an Ultra 4050 vehicle of the Singapore Army (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

With the improvised explosive device (IED) being the insurgentrsquos weapon of choice major upgrades are occurring in armour protection The ability to add modular armour allows militaries to adapt vehicle protection levels according to the threat and re-inforcing hulls against mine and IED blasts is crucial A prime example is the US Armyrsquos Stryker Strykers first deployed to Iraq in November 2003 and an early modification was to add slat armour to protect against RPG-7 shaped-charge warheads However the extra 2200kg of weight brings pen-alties when manoeuvring vehicles in tight spaces and it prevents transport within C-130 aircraft The ldquobird cagerdquo armour also upset vehicle centres of gravity and led to rollovers In 2010 the Stryker Double V-Hull (DVH) was approved to improve resistance to under-vehicle detonations So far 760 DVHs have been ordered and these feature upgraded suspension brakes wider tyres to reduce ground pres-sure blast-attenuating seats height management system and StrykShield armour boasting Allegheny Technolo-gies ATI 500-MIL steel

An expert in ballistic protection is Plasan Sasa of Israel which has been involved in developing the majority of US MRAP vehicles Others include Rafael and IBD the latter promoting products such as MEXAS and Ad-vanced Modular Armour Protection (AMAP) As well as modular appli-queacute and slat armour another recent innovation is RPG protection Am-Safe produces Tarian a net system 98 lighter than traditional steel slat armour At the Singapore Air Show in February ST Kinetics displayed a new-generation Bronco fitted with Tarian Textron is marketing its Tac-tical RPG Airbag Protection System (TRAPS) plus its TRAPSNet modular net system

RUAG has also gained some mar-ket success with SidePro-RPG plus a range of armour upgrade products

An older vehicle upgraded for counterinsurgency operations was

the British FV432 Mk3 ldquoBulldogrdquo de-ployed to Iraq from December 2006 onwards Many featured a Selex En-forcer remote weapon station (RWS) or a WampE Platt MR550 Shielded Ring Mount Bulldogs received a suite of Rafael ASPRO-HMT explosive reac-tive armour (ERA) tiles and to cope with the increase in weight a new Cummins engine and transmission were installed Indeed whenever militaries improve IFVAPC armour protection this generally leads to significant increases in gross vehicle weight This requires at the very least strengthened suspension and typically an uprated engine

Canadian firm Soucy Internation-al makes continuous rubber tracks and some were trialled on two Nor-wegian CV9030 IFVs in Afghanistan from late 2010 They reduced weight by 1000+kg and cut noise by 10 deci-bels and vibration levels by 65 Such tracks reduce running costs improve stealth and increase the life expec-tancy of sensitive electronic systems Soucy and BAE Systems already pro-duce rubber-band tracks for the M113 and BvS10 The largest international producer of regular tracks is Diehl with more than 100 types available

Blast-attenuating seating improves occupant survivability in the event of mineIED blasts Vendors include Allen-Vanguard ArmorWorks Glob-al Seating Systems BAE Systems and Plasan Sasa Spall liners are another common installation Another typi-cal improvement to crew comfort is fitting air-conditioning systems es-pecially for extreme climates such as Iraq and Afghanistan

LAND SYSTEMS


The M2 Bradley was improved for Iraq combat This is an M2A2 in South Korea a type that has since been replaced by the M2A3 (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

At this juncture we may examine how one specific IFV ndash the British Warrior ndash has developed and the diversity of upgrades that can be applied In Iraq vehicles received Chobham appliqueacute armour that added 7 tonnes of weight mine blast protection while stand-off Enhanced Protection Bar Armour weighing 25 tonnes was fielded for the first time in 2004

Warriors were first deployed to Af-ghanistan in mid-2007 and have been progressively enhanced to the latest Theatre Entry Standard (Helmand) or TES(H) The TES(H) package com-prises some 30 modifications includ-ing the installation of a modular add-on armour system mine protection kit carbon fibre brakes improved Environmental Control Unit (ECU) Improved Driver Vision System and a lower-rate final drive to increase low-speed mobility and climbing perfor-mance To cope with extra weight the suspension benefitted from stronger torsion bars

The Warrior is still a work in prog-ress and the UK has confirmed a GBP1 billion programme to extend its life until 2040 One weakness is the slow rate of fire of the unstabilised 30mm L21A1 Rarden cannon and last year Lockheed Martin won a competition to improve the turret and armament Vehicles have already been receiving the Thales Battle Group Thermal Im-ager (BGTI) and the Rarden will be re-placed by the 40mm Case Telescoped Weapon System (CTWS) from CTA In-ternational which enables use of high-performance ammunition The extent

British Illustration

Another more local case study can be found Down Under One of the most enduring armoured vehicles is the M113 and the Australian Army oper-ated a fleet of some 740 M113A1s ob-tained from 1963 onwards Basic APC ldquobucketsrdquo were fitted with Cadillac Gage T-50 turrets featuring a 50-cal machine gun The army faced a di-lemma in what to do with these age-ing APCs forming the nucleus of two mechanised infantry battalions The Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO) wished to extend the M113rsquos service life until 2020 and Tenix Defence Sys-tems (now BAE Systems Australia) was put in charge of an upgrade pro-gramme that sought to modify 350 vehicles to M113AS4 standard under Project LAND 106 Another 81 vehi-cles were later added to the contract while remaining vehicles were either

Australian Case Study

mothballed or cannibalised to support the programme

The programme was comprehen-sive and involved stretching the hull adding an extra road wheel and im-proving the suspension With techni-cal assistance from FFG the hull was reinforced and appliqueacute armour and a spall liner were added to improve protection levels The 6m-long vehicle now weighed 116 tonnes so to im-prove mobility a new MTU 6V199TE20 diesel engine was installed alongside a ZF LSG 1000 R transmission with six forward and two reverse gears The original T-50 was replaced with an electrically operated one-man Tenix turret Comfort was improved with an air-conditioning system and the driver gained yoke steering A TALIN 500 inertial navigation unit from Hon-eywell Germany was fitted and the fleet is also receiving T150F double-pin tracks and associated sprockets

The first vehicles were delivered in December 2007 despite delays caused by technical problems in stretching the hulls The following variants were ini-tially ordered 171 M113AS4 APCs 38 M113AS4 Armoured Fitters Vehicles

namics ShotScreen Raytheon Quick Kill Saab Avitronics LED-150 and KBM Arena-E

There are a great many innovations in terms of communications com-mand-and-control (C2) and battlefield management systems (BMS) While the topic is too complex to cover in-depth here this is a particularly appropriate arena for modifying older vehicles

of add-ons and improvements to the Warrior because of combat demands and the extension of its service life il-lustrate the scope of upgrades needed and possible on todayrsquos IFVs

LAND SYSTEMS


ST Kinetics has successfully produced the compact Bionix IFV to suit local Singapore conditions This is a Bionix 25 variant (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

Singapore faced a similar quandary to Australia with an ageing M113A1 fleet A contract was signed with local com-pany ST Kinetics in 1993 to upgrade around 1000 M113 vehicles Known as the Ultra ST Kinetics fitted a 265hp Detroit Diesel 6V-53T turbocharged engine and adjusted gear ratios to in-crease acceleration by 23 Ultra vehi-cles feature bolt-on composite armour plus spall liners The weapons fit was improved with the most common configuration being the Ultra 4050 featuring a 40mm automatic grenade launcher (AGL) and 50-cal machine gun mounted in a one-man cupola The other primary weapon system in-troduced was a Rafael OWS mounting a 25mm M242 Bushmaster and coaxial 762mm machine gun

ST Kinetics performed these up-grades locally but widely used for-eign-purchased elements This case illustrates how Asian APC fleets can be readily modified to improve capa-bilities Singapore is now focusing on the tracked Bionix IFV and 8x8 Terrex both of which were developed by ST Kinetics Singapore has assumed near independence in terms of armoured vehicles and in fact it even became an exporter when it sold some 100 Wart-hog All-Terrain Tracked Carriers to the UK in 2008

Even the cash-strapped Philippines has demonstrated local ingenuity by installing weapons like 20mm M39A2 cannons (from decommissioned F-5 fighters) on M113s Similarly FV101 Scorpion tank turrets have been in-stalled atop M113 hulls Especially

The ability to upgrade vehicle fleets leads to improved national industrial capabilities After successfully upgrad-ing APC fleets countries such as Sin-gapore and Taiwan have moved on to master new IFV designs South Korea is another burgeoning producer with Doosan DST designing and manufac-turing the capable K21 IFV that was inducted in 2009

There are several BMP users in the region A major example is India which license-produced some 1500 BMP-2 Sarath vehicles India has also developed a range of specialist variants such as an ambulance command post engineer vehicle Nag anti-tank mis-sile launcher and mortar carrier The Sarath is being upgraded locally and one requirement is a more powerful

Singaporersquos Experience

Elsewhere in Asia

when money is an issue militaries can achieve quite interesting results in terms of modifying APCs to suit local conditions Another task that can be done in-country is modifying vehicles for specialised roles The New Zealand Army for example plans to convert a number of its NZLAVs into specialist ambulance and command types

engine to replace current UTD-20 en-gines The Indian Army is looking for a 380+hp engine to improve the Sarathrsquos land and amphibious mobility Russian companies offer specific BMP upgrades ndash for example Kurganmashzavod For the BMP-2 360ordm applique armour that can defeat 127mm armour-piercing projectiles plus mine protection are available These increase weight from 143 to 16 tonnes so a 350hp UTD-23 diesel engine can be fitted The suspen-sion can be improved and rubber track pads fitted Firepower is improved through a stabilised PNK-2-42 thermal-imaging sight BPK-3-42 gunnerrsquos sight with third-generation image intensifier or TKN-AI commanderrsquos vision sight A 30mm AGL can be fitted too The com-pany can upgrade BMPs in Russia or at an operatorrsquos facilities

The Asia-Pacific region has seen an explosion in wheeled and tracked APCIFV procurements Many are indig-enous designs and the region is even beginning to establish export markets There are plentiful opportunities for local and international companies to upgrade existing vehicle fleets as for most countries this remains a cheaper option than creating brand new fleets from scratch

15 M113AS4 Armoured Ambulances 43 M113AS4 Armoured Command Vehicles 12 M806AS4 Recovery Light Vehicles 50 M113AS4 Armoured Lo-gistic Vehicles and 21 M11AS3 Mortar Vehicles This LAND 106 programme was highly successful providing the Australian Army with a fleet of as-new vehicles until such time as a re-placement APC or IFV is selected

LAND SYSTEMS


NO LIGHT AND LOW LIGHT INFANTRY NIGHT VISION By Peter Donaldson

Asian forces are investing in night vision technolo-gies and as recognition of their value in dismount-

ed operations grows are more willing to issue them to mainstream infantry as well as to special forces Image intensifiers remain the dominant sensors but progress in miniaturising thermal imagers has made them more prac-tical for dismounted use The two technologies are strongly complementary a fact recognised in a rash of new products designed to combine or fuse them The sensors are increas-ingly packaged in versatile forms that can hand-held head-worn or mounted on weapons and laser targeting devices On the cutting edge of the technology are devices that can link into tactical information networks

David Smith Vice President Programs at ITT Exelis Geospatial Systems Night Vision expects demand for ap-proximately a million image intensified night vision devic-es over the next five years about a third of it coming from South and South East Asia Some nations are implement-ing sophisticated soldier modernisation programmes and looking to tie their night vision sensors into a networked battlefield while others are seeking to give dismounted in-

In late March ITT Exelis announced that it had formed a strategic alliance with Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) under which manufacturing maintenance and

India and ITT

fantry baseline night vision capability he says High performance products from Europe Israel Russia

and the USA compete for market share in the region BAE Systems Carl Zeiss Optronics Elbit Systems FLIR Systems Inc ITT Exelis Raytheon Sagem Selex Galileo Thales Tri-jicon and Vectronix all offer state-of-the-art night vision de-vices for dismounted soldiers Many nations in South and South East Asia regard such capabilities as strategic and are looking to develop their own technology base

The TRIGR Lightweight Laser Targeting Module (LTLM) has won big orders from the US Army and combines a thermal camera direct view optics laser rangefinder compass and GPS in a 55 lb package (PHOTOBAE Systems)

LAND SYSTEMS


Sagemrsquos JIM Long Range adds fusion of the IR and visible channels along with stills and video recording capability options which have been taken up by the UK in a pound55 million order announced in February (PHOTOSagem DS)

Vadim Plotsker president of BAE Systems OASYS in Manchester New Hampshire where the devices are de-

If itrsquos good for the special forceshellip

signed and produced commented that while special forces have always been early adopters they are increasingly driving some of the larger mainstream requirements ldquoWhat you hear is that if itrsquos good for the special forces itrsquos good for the general infantryrdquo he said

ldquoAnd as infantry become aware of what the special forces are getting in terms of size weight and power ca-pabilities they want less and less to carry the older heavy stuffrdquo John Fre-und confirmed ldquoThey are seeing that particularly as an outcome from Iraq and Afghanistan where many many people and forces have been exposed to what the US hasrdquo

UK choices also remain influential and the MoD ordered US $33 million worth of ANPVS-14 systems fitted with Pinnacle Gen 3 image intensifier tubes in a deal announced at the end

of March The ANPVS-14 is a mon-ocular device with variable gain con-trol to enable the soldier to balance the brightness of the images seen through the tube and with the unaided eye

Referred to by the UK as the Head Mounted Night Vision System (HM-NVS) these incorporate tubes with a higher Figure of Merit (FoM) than others in UK service The FoM is a combination of resolution multiplied by the signal-to-noise ratio used as a measure of the tubersquos performance and as a limiting factor under US Government export rules Pinnacle tubes feature auto-gating a method of modulating the intensifierrsquos amplifica-tion to protect it from high light levels and provide a clearer output in foggy or dusty conditions UK forces should now be receiving them with phased deliveries due for completion in 2016

life cycle support of products using Gen 3 tubes would take place in India Initially the agreement calls for ITT Exelis to supply TASL with the latest image intensifier tubes kits and other materials needed to build night vision devices to speed delivery to custom-ers in India Subsequently according to Exelis TASL will manufacture high-precision components and sub-assem-blies However the tubes themselves will continue to be manufactured at ITTrsquos facility in Roanoke Virginia

In addition to sanctioning such joint ventures the US Government is also relaxing its attitude to high-tech exports ldquoThere is an ongoing effort in the US Government to re-examine many of the licensing standards and we are seeing that internationally as having a significant impact on what we can offerrdquo said John Freund direc-tor of international business develop-ment at BAE Systemsrsquo survivability and targeting solutions division ldquoAnd over the last few months wersquove gotten an increased capability to sell based on licence requests in regions around the worldrdquo

It is in this changing climate that the company has launched a new high-per-formance night vision device for infan-try the SkeetI thermal imaging monoc-ular viewer for which it announced an US $11 million order from US Special Operations Command in April

BAE Systems describes SkeetI is a combat proven device that can be used in a variety of ways including clip-on (to a weapon sight) hand-held and hel-met-mounted modes and to augment image intensified night vision devices Described as one of the smallest and most versatile thermal imagers on the market it fits within the dimensions of a credit card and allows lsquoseamless transition from an observation to a targeting devicersquo says the company

LAND SYSTEMS


The transition between day and night can be tricky for dismounted infantry so the ability to augment a daylight rifle optic with a night vision device without disturbing the zero is a feature that operators increasingly ask for One of the latest products comes from Switzerlandrsquos Vectronix Revealed in mid-April the NiteSpotMR is a clip-on image intensifier designed to easily at-tach to the front of a day sight without disturbing the alignment Vectronix says that the NightSpotMR is rugged enough to withstand the recoil forces generated by any rifle up to 50 cal (127 mm) As an option the system is offered with remote control for both focus and gain (brightness) a feature particularly appreciated by snipers because it means that they can make adjustments without having to move reducing their risk of detection

NightSpotMR can also be used with Vectronixrsquo Thermal Acquisition Clip-on System (TACS-M) infrared imager to enhance target detection Equipped with a an uncooled long-wave IR im-ager TACS-M is designed to attach to a broad range of image intensified night vision devices including the ANPVS-7 and ANPVS-14

FLIR Systems Inc is also making strides in the Clip-On Night Vision Device (CNVD) sector and reports lsquostrong demandrsquo from US Special Forces In January the company an-nounced that the Naval Surface War-fare Center had selected several of its products for the USSOCOMrsquos Special Operations Peculiar MODification (SOPMOD) programmes Weapon sights including the MilSight TaNS TaNs-SF and ThermoSight ACTS-SR were chosen for two of three available CNVD awards says the company

The bulkier more specialised end of the spectrum of hand-held infantry night vision devices is occupied by multi-function binoculars with ther-

Clip-on Night Vision

Hand-held binocular ISTAR

mal imaging capability devices which are carving themselves a significant niche for jobs such as long range obser-vation surveillance and targeting

Sagemrsquos JIM LR (Long Range) has sold well with almost 5000 units in service or on order worldwide including 2000 with the French armed forces Several NATO nations issue them to infantry artillery intelligence special-mission border and coast guard units In Febru-ary the company picked up a UK order worth pound5 million for JIM LR binocu-lars that feature a compact cooled 3-5 micron mid-wave thermal imager day optics laser pointing and range find-ing capabilities a GPS receiver a north seeker (digital magnetic compass) and data transmission facilities

The purchase comes under the UKrsquos Long Range Thermal Imager (LRTI) programme to boost infantry ISTAR prowess According to Sagem the UKrsquos choice was influenced by JIM LRrsquos proven abilities in severe combat envi-ronments detection and identification performance and lsquoa complete multime-dia service designed to support a real-time intelligence cyclersquo

New functions included at the Brit-

ish Armyrsquos request include image fu-sion of the IR and visible channels to help penetrate camouflage during the day and to enable users to see better in all weathers and battlefield obscurants The British JIM LRs will also be able re-cord video and stills via a USB port

Such lightweight multi-function devices are increasingly desirable be-cause they combine the functions of several other pieces of equipment that soldiers would otherwise have to carry One of the latest is BAE Systemsrsquo TRI-GR target location system for which the company received a US $23 million contract modification from PEO Sol-dier in February following on from a $72 million order placed in 2009

At 55 lb TRIGR also known as the Lightweight Targeting Laser Module (LTLM) is a little lighter than Sagemrsquos JIM LR and combines a thermal cam-era derived from BAE Systemsrsquo weap-on sights with a direct view optical system a laser rangefinder a digital compass and a GPS receiver Unlike JIM LR however no mention is made of a laser pointer for target marking or fusion of the direct view optical and thermal pictures Its claimed target

Sword Sniper is part of a growing family of thermal weapon sights from Sagem the latest of which is the multi-weapn Sword TD which combines thermal optical and day TV sensors (PHOTO Sagem DS)

LAND SYSTEMS


While todayrsquos lightweight thermal imagers based on uncooled microbo-lometer technology are much more compact than their forebears the tech-nology looks set to get even smaller Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) is working under a three-year Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract awarded in Decem-ber to develop new manufacturing processes intended to make thermal imagers lsquoaffordable and accessible to every warfighterrsquo

Under this Low Cost Thermal Im-aging ndash Manufacturing (LCTI-M) con-tract RVS is tasked with developing

The profusion of visual sensors now available to infantry coupled with the need to access and assimilate large amounts of information to build and maintain situational awareness has created a need for lightweight hands-free displays rugged enough to stand up to the rigours of the battlefield One of the latest is BAE Systemsrsquo Re-mote Eypiece Display Imager (RED-I) a head-mounted see-through display compatible with night vision sensors including thermal weapon sights The US Armyrsquos Program Executive Office (PEO) Soldier placed a $217 million order for RED-I HMDs in January RED-I can also be used as a general situational awareness display as well as showing sensor imagery which is a concept that ITT Exelis has taken fur-

Still smaller thermal sensors

Networked infantry sensors

Combat proven SkeetI is representative of the latest generation of lightweight sensors that can be hand held helmet mounted or used to seamlessly add night capability to a weaponrsquos day optics (PHOTO BAE Systems)

recognition range is more than 42 km in daylight and 900 m in darkness

These devices provide competition for established product ranges from both Elbit Systemsrsquo Elop division and Thales

Elbitrsquos CORAL range starts with the 26 kg cooled mid-wave thermal imag-ing binocular which has been selected by the US Marine Corps as the ANPAS-22 and can be enhanced with an add-on 2x magnification telescope and a clip-on laser pointer CORAL Z is a lighter version CORAL CR adds con-tinuous optical zoom laser range find-ing capabilities an integral GPS re-ceiver and a digital magnetic compass CORAL LS adds the ability to see 106 micron laser spots from Eloprsquos ground laser designators MARS brings laser targeting along with uncooled thermal and day optics to a very small and light imager that weighs just 2 kg including its rechargeable battery

Thalesrsquo range of hand-held thermal observation and targeting devices goes by the name of Sophie Sophie UF is a multifunction surveillance and target locator with day TV uncooled thermal sensor lasers Sophie MF is a hand held surveillance and target localisa-tion system Sophie XF multifunction hand held thermal imager with contin-uous optical zoom Sophie ZS lighter more compact version

lsquowafer scalersquo manufacturing processes to reduce the size weight and power requirements and the cost of thermal cameras so they can be integrated into PDAs and cell phones to enhance both situational awareness in all light conditions and information sharing among dismounted soldiers and intel-ligence personnel

ther in its new i-Aware product line The i-Aware concept allows soldiers

to transmit and receive real-time imag-ery video mapping and other crucial battlefield information from goggle to goggle and from command post to goggle The technology can be applied to existing inventories of night vision devices such as the ANPVS-14 as

upgrades in which form it is known as i-Aware Legacy The new Tactical Mobility NVG also known as i-Aware Tactical is also available on the inter-national market

The i-Aware technology naturally is applicable to ITT Exelisrsquo Enhanced Night Vision Goggle (ENVG) which the US Army is in the process of field-ing and the further improved Spiral Enhanced Night Vision Goggle (SEN-VG) both of which fuse images from an integral high-performance I2 tube and an IR microbolometer integrated into a compact monocular device Nei-ther is exportable

ldquoOur i-Aware night vision goggles provide game changing capabilities to the soldierrdquo ITT Exelisrsquo David Smith says ldquoThe network features will also increase intelligence sharing and col-laboration on complex missionsrdquo

LAND SYSTEMS


NOT A RARE BEAST MAIN BATTLE TANKS IN ASIA By Zersquoev Cohen

While European Main Battle Tank (MBT) forces are contracting the same trend is not as visible or even

present in Asia Simply put the MBT still has pride of place in most Asian armies As will be shown MBT forces in Asia are significant and even if some opine that the day of the MBT is past that opinion is not alive and well in Asia In fact quite the opposite would appear to be true

The South Korean K1A1 is easily mistaken for the M1 Abrams which obviously inspired its design (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

MBTrsquos are a major force in the face off between India and Pakistan with both nations holding considerable quanti-

India Pakistan

ties of such platforms India holds some 620 T-90S with the force scheduled to grow to over 1000 alongside about 1700 T-72 derivatives The infamous Arjun tank exists in a mere 124 odd copies It is worth noting that the Arjun was and is distinctly different from most other Indian and even Pakistani armour in that is has a 4-man crew and not an auto-loader The vast majority of other modern main battle tanks in Asia are 3 man vehicles with auto-loaders The

LAND SYSTEMS


Arjun is also somewhat heavier and larger than those vehicles descended from Soviet and Russian designs

Pakistanrsquos tank force is mainly characterised by the nearly 3000 tnaks consisting of 4 major variants of the T-55 but there are also some 750 T-80UD and Al-Khalid types repre-senting armour at least as capable to Indiarsquos T-90S and T-72 All are three man vehicles with the T-80UD be-ing a Ukranian variant of the Russian T-80 but the Al-Khalid is a locally manufactured variant of the Chinese Type 90-II Bangladesh also has some 44 of the same vehicles but designated MBT-2000

The Al-Khalid tank seen during a demonstration in Pakistan These types of Soviet derived MBTs are essentially setting the base line for Asian MBT capability (PHOTO PAF)

Tank Forces in South East Asia are notably different from those of India and Pakistan The Burmese Army has largely obsolete but marginally capable force or well over 10000 T-55 derivatives the majority of which are Chinese in origin

The Royal Thai Army has ordered up to 200 Ukrainian made T-84s with at least 14 currently delivered The

Mainland South East Asia

South Korea has only recently become an MBT manufacturer in comparison to Japan which had had indigenous tank production since the 1960rsquos Pre-viously Japan like South Korea had relied on US armour but clearly saw merit in bringing the activity within national boarders

South Korearsquos initial motivation dates from the 1980rsquos and was to find a tank that would future proof itself against the likely threat of the well equipped North Korean Tank force equipped with 125mm guns North Koreas advanced tank forces are still some source of conjecture but South Korea now holds some 1500 K1 and K1A1 MBTs that are broadly similar in

China has long been one of the most prolific providers of MBTs to the de-veloping world in general and Asia in particular The vast majority of tank on the planet are probably T-55 derivaties with the Chines Type-59 being extremely prominent among

Korea and Japan

China

RTA still holds at least 150 M48A5 and 170 M60A3 It would seem that the T-84rsquos are designed as being close to a one-for-one replacement This would again be a swing away from Western tank design concepts to those promi-nent in Soviet derived designs

The Army of Vietnam holds some 480 Polish built T-72rsquos with about 200 T-62 and well over 1000 T-55 and Chi-nese Type-59 derivatives

Surprisingly Malaysia holds a very small MBT force of just 48 Polish PT-91Ms This is in comparison to Sin-gaporersquos force of some 130+ Leopard 2SGrsquos which are probably Asiarsquos most capable and proven in-service tanks having been heavily upgraded from an already very capable ex-German Army Leopard 2A4

that number The Type-59 was devel-oped into the 69 and 79 In very basic terms the Type 69 introduced a basic fire control system and the Type 79 and 105mm gun Upgraded Type 79s and their variants are not to be dis-missed The 105mm gun is a copy of the legendary British L7 and just as capable The Chinese Type 85 and 88 were improved designs based on the T-55 layout

Where the Chinese changed gear was with the Type-90 with a design concept similar to the T-72 It is de-signed to employ and modular armour pack and makes use of an auto-loader This has now been developed into the Type-96 and forms the basis for the vast majority of capable Peoplersquos Lib-eration Army (PLA) tank forces

The most advanced PLA tank is now the Type-99 Notably heavier at 54-58 tonnes compared to the Type-90 at 42 While the layouts are broad-ly similar in terms of design and even ammunition compatible 125mm smoothbore guns the Type-99 is sub-stantially better armoured and even has a higher power to weight ratio strongly implying better mobility given basically the same length of grounded track and the same torsion bar suspension

LAND SYSTEMS


The Japanese Type 90 has strong similarities to Leopard 2 yet is a 3 man vehicle using an auto-loader (PHOTO Gordon Arthur)

The other noteworthy aspect of Asian MBTs is the convergence of main gun capabilities down to just two major calibres in terms of 120mm NATO type guns and 125mm types derived from the Soviet 2A456 guns This is actu-ally a worldwide phenomena and not just unique to Asia Both these weap-

Guns and Ammo

layout and capability to the US M1 on which they were largely based

However the K2 ldquoBlack Pantherrdquo is another animal all together In some respects the K2 is possibly one of the most advanced MBTs in the world It has opted for a 3 man crew and au-toloader posses a very high power to weight ration of 27 hptonne and uses a very advanced suspension system that allows the tanks to lower itrsquos pro-file andor assist with main gun eleva-tion and depression All this comes at considerable cost The K2 may run to almost $ 9million per copy South Ko-rea is also developing an active protec-tion system for the K2 Production is set to commence with an order of 397

While the majority of Japanrsquos tank force is the obsolete Type 74 which is near equivalent of the Leopard 1 Ja-panrsquos next most numerous tank is the Type 90 which while looking a Leop-ard 2 and sharing many similarities actually uses a 3-man crew and an autoloader This basic design has been developed into Japanrsquos latest tank the Type 10 which is a small lighter tank with a smaller engine and lower pow-er to weight ratio of 27hptonne ver-sus 30 Notably the main gun for both

There are a number clear trends de-veloping with Asian MBT forces The first has been the demise of the light tank Indonesia Thailand and Singa-pore have all opted to largely discard their light tank force as being some-thing they are unwilling to invest in or improve Clearly the mythology that some parts of Asia require light tanks fails when faced with the real-ity of the enemyrsquos MBT being quite at home in the same terrain

More than anything light tanks simply lack the capability of their medium counter-parts They cannot

Trends

mount the same guns and they cannot carry the same armour Even modern and advanced vehicles like the Stryker Main Gun System would have a very difficult time competing with even a moderately upgraded T-55 or one of itrsquos derivatives Asian Armies as a whole seem completely comfortable with all the advantages a large calibre main gun brings and are quite pre-pared to pay for the privilege

The other clear trend is the move to-wards 3 man crews with auto-loaders which NATO armies had aimed to avoid but is clearly seen as being ben-eficial to armies in Asia Obviously there are a number of substantial ad-vantages to 3 man crews Less crew means less to protect pay feed and train Autoloaders donrsquot get tired so can maintain a far higher rate of fire for some 16-20 rounds dependant on type but there are issues concerned with having to re-stock the auto-load-ers and which may be more complex than the normal tank crew activity of transferred rounds from stored to ready

The real problem with a 3-man crew is redundancy 4 man crews can main-tain a watch longer than a 3-man crew When it comes to vehicle jobs and rou-tine maintenance the 3-man crew has more work to do and less rest Even on operations the loader can often fulfil a number of essential additional func-tions when not actually engaged in his main task Another often-missed aspect of the 3-man crew is the almost complete lack of redundant space in-side the turret This means that even solitary bailed out crew from other tanks cannot be recovered

tanks is still the same Rheinmetall de-rived 120mm The reported unit cost of the Type 10 is $65million

Australia is notable in operating some 59 M1A1 acquired from the US in 2006 in a decision that many see as having been better served by buy-ing surplus Leopard 2rsquos as Indonesia is reported to be doing Taiwan still operates upgraded US M60 tanks and while realising the need for a new MBT no firm plans for the future are being discussed because of a lack of funds

LAND SYSTEMS


Australia holds basically 3 squadrons worth of MBTs in the shape of surplus US M1 Abrams These replaced an otherwise outdated fleet of Leopard 1s (PHOTO ADF)

ons have a wide range of ammunition available including ATGMs such as Israelrsquos LAHAT and Russiarsquos 9M119M Refleks (AT-11 Sniper) which is report-edly already in service with China South Korea is reportedly working on a similar capability

This convergence essentially means that capabilities will likely become far better understood than may oth-erwise be the case and if what exists is deemed fit for purpose then the chance of an extended and protracted technological duel or gun versus ar-mour pack seems unlikely if for no other reason than cost and develop-ment time

The one condition that may make a difference in this regard is the wider spread of active protection systems (APS) What it not commonly rea-lised is that while many APS have focused on defeating the RPG and ATGM threat there is good evidence that those APS which use blast pay-loads can substantially dent the per-formance of FSAPDS rounds To what

extent is obviously classified but a very obvious conclusion is that a sub-stantial armour pack is still required Essentially in terms of the MBT the APS will provide an enhancement to existing armour packs and not a step change in capability Critically this is not the same as adding an APS to a light armoured vehicle which does allow for a whole new level of surviv-ability The simple fact is that light armoured vehicles mounting ATGMs and even APS will still be substan-tially vulnerable to main battle tanks with good crews

Many articles and journals have fore-cast the demise of the MBT Those less certain of the demise said the MBT would evolve into something else De-spite 40 years of such prophecy none of this has come to pass because correctly employed MBTs keep doing what they get asked to do within reason

While Europe and NATO seem

What are they good for

happy to reduce their tank forces Asia is not following suit bar shedding ob-solete tanks fleets The MBTs that re-main or are coming into existence are substantially capable in and of them-selves It is not just the MBTs ability to cause casualties that defines its endur-ing relevance It is also the ability to act as a localise command and control hub which can either address or des-ignate targets in a way that purely dis-mounted or even mechanised forces would find just about impossible to do Infantrymen are already overloaded yet the MBT seems to suffer no great disadvantage in that regard

In a recent report the Rand Corpo-ration highlighted the enduring rel-evance of ldquoheavy armourrdquo to all but the most minor military operations From Helmand to Fallujah the MBT is showing its enduring utitlity and none of the major forces in Asia seem to be doubting that it has a bright fu-ture While it may be some time be-fore an Asian Army makes another significant MBT purchase the scene is certainly set for incremental improve-ment and upgrades that should pro-vide the world wide defence industry more than ample markets

LAND SYSTEMS


THE NEW MODEL ARMY INSIGHTS INTO MAIN BASE LOGISTICS

By Francis Tusa

The campaigns in Afghanistan (2001 ongoing) and Iraq (2003 to 2011-12) have brought one issue to the fore the

greater use of contractors to provide support on operations While the US military used some 9000 contractors to sup-port Operation Desert ShieldDesert Storm in 1990-91 by 2010-11 some 200000+ were supporting Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom in Iraq and Afghanistan - at a ratio of 11 or more The scale and range of support services provided has grown exponentially from those that were supplied two decades ago and it is unlikely that there will ever be a major reduction in the use of contractors by major western armed forces

Once one addresses this topic there will be those who will point out that the use of contractors to provide support is not new The NATO operations in Bosnia and Kosovo in the 1990s both saw contractors used to provide life support services and if one wishes to delve back into history the

overwhelming amount of battlefield logistics in say the 18th and 19th centuries was provided by civilians under direct military contract

But the current situation is different the contractors are less and less brought together on an ad hoc basis but are more and more integrated into the force structure So in-tegral are contractors in military operations that the UK military are establishing the ldquoTotal Support Forcerdquo concept This will see almost certainly at the Joint Force Permanent Joint Headquarters a planning command cell that will not

Is using a marine as a chef the best use of a trained soldier Even in MOBs on operations far from the home base civilian contractors have been taking the lead in life support areas such as catering hygiene and facilities management (Photo US Marine Corps photo by Sgt Pete ThibodeauReleased

LAND SYSTEMS


The key driver to use contractors on operations - and there are many - is simple by using a contractor for ldquoRole Xrdquo you ldquofree uprdquo a soldier to do a com-bat role Manpower has become far less available in most western countries so there has been a general decision do you deploy military personnel to undertake tasks such as catering and maintenance or do you use contrac-tors In the case of the UK in Afghani-stan the situation has been made even more focussed by an absolute cap on the number of uniformed personnel of all types that can be deployed to 10500 which has meant that any extra tasksroles or missions above that cap require prioritisation between mili-tary and contractors

So some simple questions have been asked by the leading contractor users (generally those who have been most active firstly in Iraq and now Afghani-stan) do I need military personnel to maintain and even build main oper-ating bases (MOBs) in IraqAfghani-

Why do we do this

stan Do I need military personnel to manage laundry services on a MOB Should military personnel be involved with cooking and feeding services

These are some of the simplest questions to pose and they all tend to receive the answer that no it is not the best use of military personnel to cook meals and wash plates Even if an armed force doesnrsquot have the same rig-id manpower caps that the UK has it is extremely unlikely to be able to field limitless military resources to handle each and every eventuality

And to back this up as the role of contractors has grown at the home base a simple question has also been asked ldquoif we rely on these people at home shouldnrsquot we use them in the same way on operationsrdquo The old dictum ldquofight as you trainrdquo has seen greater impetus added to bringing contractors closer into the force struc-ture or at last the range of options that a commander can call upon for deployed operation

The driver for the wider use of contractors in the ldquohome baserdquo is a further reinforcing point to the new relationship between the two arms on

deployed operations How many peo-ple join their countryrsquo armed forces to paint barracks Or to mow grass Or to peel potatoes All of these tasks used to see military personnel being used in western armed forces primarily when there was still conscription But at a time when much defence equip-ment is becoming more complex and advanced can many - increasingly any - armed forces afford to use their personnel as uniformed skivvies un-dertaking menial tasks that take them away from military training

And the question can be taken fur-ther should uniformed personnel un-dertake routine maintenance of mili-tary equipment With more routine maintenance being undertaken at the home base by industry if you fight as you train why shouldnrsquot this role be deployed too The UK to cope with the cost and complexity of the routine support of MRAPs and other equip-ment established the Equipment Sup-port Solution at Camp Bastion Staffed primarily by civilian staff from the Defence Support Group but backed up by industry and some Royal Elec-trical and Mechanical Engineers this

For enduring operations the need to maintain ever-more-sophisticated equipment closer to the ldquofront linerdquo has meant that large - contractor manned - maintenance facilities is now more the norm than was the case This mirrors the use of contractors for ldquodepth supportrdquo at home base facilities (PHOTO F Tusa)

only have the normal staff officers that one might expect to find in such a facil-ity but also representatives of the key civilian contactors that are contracted to provide vital support services Such a system is meant to ensure that there is never any significant time lag be-tween an operation starting and the contractors being able to deploy

The US military are looking at simi-lar concepts although there has been rather more push back against contrac-tors ldquotakingrdquo military jobs when not on operations The path of contractori-sation has been mixed in Europe but the trend is for more rather than less and even after the end of missions in Lebanon and Afghanistan contracto-risation is set to grow Even if the UKrsquos TSF concept will not be copied exactly it one that is receiving a great deal of examination by many armed forces which want to increase contractors in deployed positions but also want a better structure to manage them

LAND SYSTEMS


Contractors especially local nationals are seeing more widespread use especially in movements and transport Fuel and large stores movements are as often as not the remit of contractors in Afghanistan ldquosavingrdquo the need to use thousands of uniformed personnel for such tasks (PHOTO LCpl Jeremy Harris US DoD)

A realisation arguably a slow one is that on operations the days of ldquosaferdquo ldquorear areasrdquo are increasingly defunct Which means that the perception that a MOB will be ldquosaferdquo is no longer nec-essarily the case At the Contingent Operating Base at Basra air station in Iraq a massive rocket-proof concrete roof was built over the living facili-

How far forward And how deep

takes the deeper maintenance burden off the REME forces who are needed to work in forward areas undertaking emerging and battle repairs of equip-ment The facility is estimated to have saved the UK at least pound50-million per year in not having to send (in reality fly) armoured vehicles back to the UK for routine maintenance

US forces too have had little con-cern about deploying Field Service Representative teams from manufac-turers of MRAPs and other key cam-paign equipment and in both Iraq and Afghanistan large industry-sup-ported facilities have been established to enable better and more efficient equipment support The same has been true for other NATO countries with Germany and the Netherlands

establishing contractor support bases in-country often choosing to use the NATO Maintenance and Supply Agen-cy as the contracting body NAMSA has found a major role as a contractor enabler for MOBs and this role looks as if it will stuck even after the end of operations in Afghanistan

ties to protect all staff from the near-constant rocket attacks Even a base such as Camp Bastion originally built in the deserts of southern Afghanistan so as to be away from settlement ar-eas and thus ldquosaferdquo from round-based attacks has been hit by rocket artil-lery and mortars So the deployment of civilian contractors is not a risk free option This in turn means that mili-taries relying on civilian contractors are equally responsible for the protec-tion of the contractors Which means that planners need to consider how they will provide those personnel and this will mean a military compo-nent which means some troops not necessarily available for deployment forward

But the range of services being of-fered by contractors is rising even with the risks inherent in deployment to MOBs which might yet be at risk from a range of enemy attacks UAV operations have seen more and more commercial influence PredatorReap-er operations from Kandahar see not only contractor ground support but the companies also can fly the air ve-hicles to set positions before they are handed over to military pilots Thales offers a complete turnkey UAV sys-tem using the Hermes 450 air vehicle from Camp Bastion to the UK mili-tary This seam of services is expand-ing and companies such as Thales and Boeing go even further and offer not just a supported UAV system but a full power-by-the-hour option where a country can lease a UAV for a cer-tain mission This is then planned in conjunction with the contractors but flown entirely by civilian contractors and the contractor also undertakes pri-mary image analysis for the military customer This can involve deploy-ment to locations quite far forward

Possibly the single area where forces in Afghanistan have been most reliant on contractors has been the supply of fuel Whereas at the start of the Iraq campaign the overwhelming quan-tity of fuel would have been moved by the military in Afghanistan it is

LAND SYSTEMS


the opposite A contract with the Su-preme Group from NAMSA has seen bulk fuel delivered by the contractor to MOBs such as Kandahar and Camp bastion - the UK estimates that this has ldquosavedrdquo the requirement for two logistics regiments to do the work

Even on MOBs the day-to-day man-agement of fuel for all purposes can be contractorised to firms such as Su-preme and KBR This is often seen as a step too far for some militaries but at major NATO bases in Afghanistan the niceties of the colour of the over-alls of the man with the petrol pump becomes moot

And fuel is also taken even further forward by contractorised groups and there is often a burden of wound-ed and killed to consider although for military planners it is on ldquosomeone elsersquos bookrdquo and so of a lesser concern as long as fuels get delivered to the lo-cations where they are needed

There is still one area where there are some widely differing approaches as regards the use of contractors the arming of civilian contractors for de-fence purposes There might be some

The balance between military and contractors is on one level a simple one - but it will be debated at length in the later stages of the NATO Afghani-stan mission and beyond The two key areas for debate are

The cost of the two types of per-sonnel

The flexibility of the two types of personnel which is linked to the over-all cost

Generally speaking for shorter peri-ods of time - months and short years - contractors wonrsquot cost a country in the form of pensions and other social costs so are ldquocheaperrdquo But when one looks at the flexibility the military can tend to look better value for money - a common question posed is ldquowhat hap-pens when you need ten men to man the towers of the camp can the contrac-tors pick up weaponsrdquo This question firmly suggests that for enduring op-erations uniformed personnel are bet-ter - a vehicle maintainer will also be a trained rifleman and will have a raft of other training that allows himher to operate over a wide range of scenarios

But overall no-one would suggest that a vast element of life support opera-tions will be provided on operations by anything other than contractors Con-tractors have overwhelmingly shown that even being deployed even further forward than has ever been the case before they can deliver what they have signed up to allowing the military to concentrate on what they do best

Possibly the only question that needs to be answered is whether the concept of MOBs on operations has not seen armed forces become ldquotoo heavyrdquo too rigid and too dependent on large and possibly over-supplied facilities Are the logistics support burdens of a well-established MOB becoming far too heavy and far too much of a driver in themselves Might future deploy-ment those beyond Afghanistan see MOBs but smaller ones with fewer facilities and thus a more structures tailored contractor support force

The new red line

The flexible boundary

who are surprised that there is an issue here - the US military seem to have remarkably little concern about this as anyone who has tried to enter a US military facility or MOB in either Iraq or Afghanistan can vouch for

But different interpretations of laws both international and domes-tic can bring rise to some serious le-gal and ethical issues For most Eu-ropean countries European Union interpretations of international laws mean that there are not - as yet - the legal frameworks in place to manage and control the mass use of armed contractors Of course ldquocontractorsrdquo in the form of close protection guards are used in a variety of ways and Eu-ropean countries have paid for and licensed the activities of companies who operate in such a way in Iraq and Afghanistan

Most feel that European countries will codify laws that will enable armed contractors sooner rather than later or will seek new approaches One such might be the UKrsquos Sponsored Re-serve concept where a key individual is employed by a contractor in a civil-ian roles but where they can be ldquocon-vertedrdquo into military personnel when operational needs demand

Local nationals are often an essential element in the construction and improvement of bases Here a local Afghan assists US Navy personnel (PHOTO US NAVY)

AIR SYSTEMS


Mention the name Airbus to anyone and they will almost certainly think of twin- or quadruple-engined narrow and widebody airliners plying their trade in the skies above carrying passengers to their destination Mentioned Air-bus Military and images of the pan-European A400M strategic turboprop airlifter will spring to mind Yet this latter division of Toulousersquos pride and joy has developed a robust albeit quiet niche in supplying MPAs The se-cret to the firmsrsquo success in this regard is its CN-235 and

Airbus Military

NEPTUNErsquoS FLYING EYES AND EARS MARITIME PATROL AIRCRAFT OVERVIEW By Thomas Withington

A key theory of naval warfare argues that any fleet or country not in possession of long-range airborne

maritime patrol is effectively blind Such a capability which was developed in earnest during the Second World War is indispensible for safeguarding coastlines and Ex-clusive Economic Zones while providing eyes and ears for the navy beyond the horizon

The need to perform these missions while at the same time undertaking relatively new tasks such as assisting in the fight against maritime piracy trafficking and counter-terrorism is breathing new life into the fixed-wing Mari-time Patrol Aircraft (MPA) domain A huge choice of planes is available to the customer outfitted with the very latest radar sonar electronic support measures communications and optronics technology not to mention advanced torpe-does and Anti-Ship Missiles (AshM) to prosecute targets above and below the waves

Billed as the successor to Lockheed Martinrsquos venerable P-3 Orion Boeingrsquos P-8A Poseidon is built around a 737 airframe Along with the US Navy India is acquring the aircraft with Australia also expressing interest

AIR SYSTEMS


Turboprop configurations have al-ways been popular for the mari-time patrol mission where the fuel efficiency and endurance arguably takes precedent over speed Along with Airbus Militaryrsquos designs dis-cussed above Canadarsquos Bombardier has developed an MPA based on the companyrsquos Q400 airliner Israeli Aerospace Industries (IAI) Elta Sys-tems subsidiary is playing a major role in this MPA initiative The firm is providing its ELM-2022 surface search radar alongside the optronics and its signals intelligence gathering equipment

While Lockheed Martinrsquos name is syn-onymous with MPAs most notably its hugely successful P-3 Orion family of turboprops the firm has no successor platform for its venerable design In-stead Seattlersquos planemaker to the world Boeing has developed the P-8A Posei-don itself based on a hybrid version of the 737 which combines components from two of the airlinersrsquo subvariants

The US Navy is one P-8A customer and will commence operational testing of the aircraft this year which could be declared operational by the end of 2013 Deliveries of the P-8A commenced in early March with an initial batch of 13 aircraft to be delivered as part of the Low Rate Initial Production contract

The US Navy is procuring its new MPAs via a series of increments Incre-ment 1 outfits the P-8A with a mission system which is essentially a beefed-up version of that deployed on the na-vyrsquos current P-3C Orions Increment 2 expected to be fielded from 2014 adds the so-called Multi-static Active Co-herent (MAC) equipment to allow the aircraft to perform a wide area search for submarines at altitude using both active and passive sonarbuoys Also to outfit the Increment 2 specification is an Automatic Identification System (AIS) effectively a ship-based tran-sponder mandatory for all passenger ships and all cargo ships over a set tonnage Other additions include a new software standard to allow the easy installation of new capabilities plus a new tactical operations cen-tre to allow the aircraft to work with Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Global Hawk-based Broad Area Maritile Sur-veillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Increment 2 capabilities should debut in circa 2015 to be followed by Incre-ment 3 at some point in the future While the exact shape of Increment 3 has yet to be defined it could include the addition of a capabiliy for the crew to control the MQ-4C and the means to accomodate paletised intelligence-gathering payloads on the aircraft

Bombardier

Boeing

C-295 family of medium turboprop freighters These aircraft provide a good quantity of flying space more than enough to provide the sensors discussed above the operators to ex-ploit those sensors and their accom-panying mission consoles

In May this year Oman awarded Airbus Military a contract to supply eight of the firmsrsquo C-295 transports three of which will be configured for maritime patrol Deliveries are expected to commence in 2013 The sibling of the C-295 the CN-235 is also proving popular In March the Republic of Korea received the last CN-235 MPA in a batch of four air-craft from Dirgantara in Indonesia which has constructed the planes under licence Deliveries of these aircraft commenced in May last year Another member of the CN-235 club is Mexico which accepted the first of four aircraft into service in Novem-ber last year These supplement the two CN-235 airframes that the Mexi-can Navy already has in service No

Quietly confident in the MPA market is Airbus Militaryrsquos CN-235 MPA design shown here in United States Coast Guard service where it is known as the HC-144 Mexico and the Republic of Korea have also purchased the aircraft

discussion of Airbus Militaryrsquos MPA offerings would be complete without mentioning the US Coast Guardrsquos HC-144 (the local designation for the CN-235) planes The service is known to have an outstanding requirement for the purchase of at least 17 additional airframes for delivery by 2014

AIR SYSTEMS


The clutch of new and existing MPA products in the marketplace may find a healthy demand A number of coun-tries around the world are keen to bag maritime patrol aircraft either to up-grade their capabilities or to obtain such an aircraft for the first time

India is one country which is look-ing to sharpen its maritime gaze via the acquisition of new MPAs The country has a notably long coastline and a huge areaa of maritime interest in the Indian Ocean The Russian plat-forms which the country operated to this end are now long in the tooth and New Delhi is searching for a capable replacement In April it was reported that the country was readying two Re-quests for Proposals (RFP) one for a Medium Range Maritime Reconnais-sance (MRMR) aircraft for the Navy and the other for a Medium Maritme Patrol Aircraft (MMP) to equip the Coastguard In terms of numbers In-dia is expected to acquire six planes and place options for six more

These two RFPs will follow the Na-vyrsquos acquisition of Boeingrsquos P-8I Nep-tune variant of the P-8A Poseidon (see above) that India is buying which will be equipped with Raytheon Mk54 tor-pedoes to perform the ASW mission

Opportunities

New anti-submarine and AShM weapons could also be added along with air-to-ground munitions and an advanced coastal radar

Although new MPA designs such as the P-8 promise to place advanced capabilities over the oceans several legacy MPA designs continue to pro-vide good service around the world not least of which are Israelrsquos IAI Westwind 1124 MPAs These planes are essentially business jets config-ured with powerful surface search ra-dar An upgrade of the airframe and the aircraftrsquos sensors has extended the life of the 1124s Operationally these aircraft work closely with IAI Heron UAVs in supporting the maritime pa-trol mission

Indrarsquos P2006T-MRI maritime patrol aircraft offers radar and optronic surveillance for coun-tries on a budget The aircraft is one of a new breed of small MPA platforms

Italyrsquos customs police and the Nigerian coastguard are two of the customers for the ATR-42MP maritime patrol aircraft This plane can perform a number of missions and even accommodate a machinegun

AIR SYSTEMS


While India is keen to maintain its air-borne maritime patrol capabilities the United Kingdom has decided to take

UK It is tempting to see MPAs as large lumbering and expensive aircraft however Spanish defence specialists Indra are bucking the trend in this re-gard In February the firm unveilled a

Small Solutions

Lockheed Martinrsquos P-3 Orion family of MPAs is still going strong around the world Pakistan has performed an upgrade of its Orions while the aircraft continues to be the mainstay of the US Navyrsquos MPA fleet

India ordered eight of these aircraft in 2009 with deliveries scheduled for next year The MRMR is not expected to have an anti-submarine capability instead being outfitted with AShMs a Forward-Looking Infra-Red system Active Electronically Scanned Arry (AESA) surface search radar plus ac-tive and passive self protection The MMPs meanwhile will be required to perform environmental monitoring and protection anti-surface warfare and search and rescue missions

Elsewhere in Asia the Philippines has a standing requirement for two MPAs and is reportedly interested in a twin-turboprop design to this end offering potential opportunities to Airbus Mil-itary Bombardier and ATR Similarly nearby Malaysia is looking to procure five MPAs to equip the countryrsquos Mari-time Enforcement Agency One plane being mooted to fulfil this require-ment is Dornierrsquos Do-228NG design

Like the Asia-Pacific region the Mid-dle East is home to a number of seri-ous maritime security concerns in the Mediterranean Red Sea Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Oman is fully aware of the challenges it faces particularly as regards to maritime security in the Indian Ocean For this reason is investing in the acquisition of four MPAs to perform traditional missions plus environmental pro-tection and search and rescue The ATR-42MP is one candidate aircraft to fulfil this requirement Offering a ten-hour endurance and outfitted with an AESA radar the aircraft can even be fitted with a machinegun in a similar fashion to the ATR-42s operated by Italyrsquos customs authorities

Asia-Pacific

Middle East

a lsquocapability holidayrsquo as regards its erstwhile fleet of BAE Systems Nim-rod MR2MR4A maritime patrol air-craft The Nimrod MR4A programme which essentially sought to convert existing Nimrod MR2 aircraft via a wideranging modernisation was can-celled by the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) The project saw the Nimrod fleet being scrapped and the Royal Air Force loosing its MPA fleet

Nevertheless the MoD has taken the decision to retain core maritime patrol skills in spite of possessing no MPAs via the launch of lsquoProject Seedcornrsquo This will see RAF MPA crews sec-onded to NATO and allied navies and air forces which operate MPAs with a view to them maintaining their pro-ficiencies Whether Project Seedcorn will eventually translate into a pro-curement of new MPAs remains to be seen Nevetheless Marshall Aerospace of Cambridge has offered to convert Lockheed Martin C-130J freighters in the RAFrsquos possession into MPA plat-forms This would include the outfit-ting of the aircraft with a search radar optronics additional fuel tanks and sonobuoys Any decision on acquiring a new MPA for the RAF is unlikely to now be taken before 2015 and the an-ticipated publication of a new UK Stra-tegic Defence and Security Review

The use of C-130 as an MPA is actu-ally a well-trodden path and one that has resulted in some considerable suc-cess especially as the aircraft has the ability to drop greater quantities of SAR equipment than aircraft based on a more conventional layout The trans-port aircraft configuration has a good deal of very positive benefits and the C-130 is already operated by several nations in the MPA role It is clearly a very sound option

AIR SYSTEMS


Airbus Militaryrsquos C-295 offers a comfortable working environment when configured to per-form the MPA mission This is an important consideration given the long hours that such aircraft can remain aloft

The advent of these light MPAs could open the MPA market to countries which have not previously considered acquiring such a capability Mean-while established MPA operators with the exception of the UK look set to continue to augment their air force and naval fleets with new maritime patrol airframes With NATO combat operations in Afghanistan expected to wind down by 2015 the strategic focus of many nations may be redirected to the worldrsquos oceans Having the tools in the sky to see what is out there will be essential

Future Focus

Along with Airbus Militaryrsquos CN-235 the firms C-295 plane provides a large platform to perform over the ocean missions The aircraft as shown here can also deliver ordnance

low-cost MPA using a Tecnam P2006T twin piston engined aircraft Known as the P2006T-MRI (Maritime Recon-naissance Intelligence) platform the plane is outfitted with a Selex Galileo Seaspray 5000E AESA radar plus a FLIR Systems UltraForce 275HD op-tronic payload offering a high defini-tion camera and an infrared sensor These sensors can be downlinked to a ground control station With an endur-ance of five hours and a 185km range the P2006T-MRI could offer an inge-nious low-cost MPA Indra may have hit upon an innovative formula for there are scores of countries around the world with coastlines facing mari-time security challenges but without the cash to buy an all-singing all-dancing MPA The P2006T-MRI may lack an ability to perform anti-subma-rine warfare and to deploy AshMs but these are capabilities that many of the countries potentially interested in the P2006T-MRI would not require

According to Joseacute Manuel Peacuterez-Pujazoacuten Indrarsquos Eurofighter and A400M Program Director who also

the P2006T-MRI is namely its reduced acquisition cost extremely low op-eration cost and its ability to operate from small airfieldsrdquo The P2006T-MRI will compete directly with Dia-mond Aircraftrsquos DA42MPP Guardian MPA Outfitted with a Telephonics RDR-1700B surface search radar the DA42MPP also includes an optronic payload and a satellite communica-tions system Diamond Aircraft boast that the DA42MPP offers up to twelve hoursrsquo endurance

has responsibility for the P2006T-MRI the aircraft has several key at-tractions ldquoIt has been designed to operate efficiently up to 185km from the coast line The great advantage of

HEADLINE NEWS


ASIA REGIONAL NEWS ROUNDUP

Extending Lifespan Missions of Australian FA-18sPostponing the introduction of F-35 5 Generation stealth fighters for at least two years Australia is diverting more money to sustain and enhance its FA-18 fleet Part of this move is the enhancement of the capabilities of Australiarsquos latest Super Hornet adding electronic attack (EA) capabilities to 12 FA-18F (two seater) planes currently flying with the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) at an invested that could reach US$17 billion The EA package is similar to that used with the FA-18G Growler flying with the US Navy This package will include 12 EA-18G Modifica-tion Kits 34 ANALQ-99F(V) Tactical JammingSystem Pods 22 CN-1717A Interference Cancellation Systems 22 R-2674(C)A Joint Tactical Terminal Receiver Systems 30 LAU-118 Guided Missile Launchers and Command Launch Computers for High Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles and Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (HARM) plus ad-ditional logistical equipment and support

The delay in the JSF fielding also means extended lifespan forexisting FA-18CD Hornet fighters To ensure these fighters remain flight worthy the Australian Defence has published a request for tender (RFT) for deeper mainte-nance for its fleet of 71 Hornet fighter aircraft - 55 FA-18C single seaters and and 16 two-seater D models To augment the fighter pilot training missions of these aircraft the RAAF will also deploy computer-based training systems maintenance training systems and add ground support and test equipment The RFT closes in July with the contract expected to start in April 2013

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Singapore Inducts Heron 1 with UAV Fleet

The Singapore Armed Forces has inducted the Heron 1 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) replacing the Searcher UAV which have been in use since 1994 Compared to the Searcher which only has eight hours of flight endurance the Heron-1 has more than 24 hours A key feature of the new UAV is its fully automatic take-off and land-ing capability It also has state-of-the-art avionics advanced payload capabilities and communication systems Welcoming the inaugurat-ing the new fleet into 119 Squadron Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen said ldquoIt will provide our commanders planners and soldiers on the ground better situational awareness to make timely and informed decisions to engage the adversary decisively and complete their missions effectivelyrdquo He added that the advance in surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities of the Heron-1 UAVs need to be matched by the talent operating them


HEADLINE NEWS

South Korea New Zealand are Shopping for New Naval HelicoptersSouth Korea has requested buying eight MH-60R SEAHAWK Multi-Mission Helicopters through the US Foreign Military Sale (FMS) the Defense Security Coop-eration Agency (DSCA) has notified US Congress Tues-day May 16 The estimated cost of the complete package is estimated to be around $10 billion

South Korea is consider-ing several models of ASW helicopters to equip its frigates and destroyerswith improved anti-submarine warfare and anti-surface warfare capabilities The MH-60R is one of the models being considered for the MHX the future helicop-

ter for the South Korean Navy Other competitors expected to be considered include AgustaWestland offering the AW159 Lynx Wildcat ndash a new model replacing the Navy Lynx 99 currently used by the Korean Navy offering about 1000 lbs (470 kg) increase in maximum take-off weight Other competitors likely to bid are NH Industries offering a navalized version of the NH90 The naval version of the Surion developed by an industry team led by Korean Aero-space Industries (KAI) and Eurocopter is also being considered with Israelrsquos Elbit Systems providing avionics and mission systems Seoul is expected to select the winning bidder in October

New Zealand is also negotiating the purchase of 11 SH-2G Super Seasprite helicopters replacing the navyrsquos troubled fleet of five Seasprites The Australian Navy rejected these SH-2Gs in 2008 after these helicopters failed to meet the performance standards after more than ten years This acquisition will not buy NZ a new planes These he-licopters are 30 ndash 40 year old however since they were not used extensively during these years yet the NZ Navy will get reasonably good platforms for a modest investment of US$130-230 million That compares with the nine NH90 helicopters that are under delivery for $770 million

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India is Looking for Special Mission AircraftThe Indian Air Force has floated a brand new requirement to support the acquisition of nine special mission aircraft for airborne Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Communications Jamming (COMJAM) ground survey and target towing

According to the request for information sent out to global vendors two of the nine aircraft should be certified to perform the SIGINT role since the mission systems required for the SIGINT role commonly demand permanent changes and adaptations to the airframe

The remaining seven aircraft should be configured by the prime contractor and certified for the multi-mission role supporting aerial survey target towing COMJAM and flaring These missions will be flown in addition to their original role in carrying passenger and cargo roles

Nonetheless all nine aircraft will share the same platform complying with FAAJAAR or equivalent standards

HEADLINE NEWS


India to purchase US M777 Howitzers from BAE Systems

Nearly 27 years after the con-troversy over the purchase of howitzers from Swedish-based AB Bofors the Government of India approved today the pur-chase of 145 M77 15539-caliber howitzers at a total cost of $650 million from BAE Systems The decision to go ahead with the procurement of US made howit-zers under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route was taken at a meeting of the Defence Acquisi-tion Council (DAC) headed by Defence Minister AK Antony The projects approved by the DAC will now be put up before the Finance Ministry for clear-ance before they are taken up by the Cabinet Committee on Secu-rity (CCS) for final approval

These lightweight guns are expected to deploy in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir that have border with China It is widely believed that the deployment of the M777 in the areas border-ing China is a direct reply to Chinarsquos forward deployment in these areas for the last 3 years

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to save in operations training logistics spares and support India is likely to consider the Gulfstream GV platform proposed by IAIElta Systems special mission systems based on platforms offered by Gulfstream (GV) and Bombar-dier (a special-mission derivative of the Dash-8 Q400 was displayed at Aero India expo in Bangalore in 2011) Other companies likely to be considered are Northrop Grumman Boeing Raytheon and L-3 Among the European par-ticipants BAE Systems Thales and Saab also offer suitable systems and platform and are likely to bid For platforms some of the bidders are likely to consider the Embraer EBR-145 which has already been selected for the DRDO light-weight AEW program The Indian Air Force already operates five EMB-135BJ Legacy business jets For the SIGINT mission the IAF operates two Learjet 29A and three Gulfstream III SRA platforms


HEADLINE NEWS

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Pilatus BAE Win Major Contracts in Asia

Following a long procure-ment process the Indian MOD has approved the order of 75 PC-7 training aircraft from the Swiss company Pilatus

Aircraft The delivery of the trainer aircraft at a cost of $560 million is expected to begin by mid-2013 India is facing an acute shortage of trainer aircraft after a fleet of HPT-32 basic trainer aircraft was grounded following an accident three years ago India already is in the process of get-ting 57 Hawk advanced trainer jets from Britain in a nearly $11 billion deal

Saudi Arabia has also opted BAE and Pilatus to provide the framework for its military pilot training programme The PilatusBAE team will supply the PC-21 trainer and Hawk Advanced Jet Trainer both to be delivered under the umbrella of the Saudi British Defence Co-operation Programme Under the pound16bn ($25bn) contract BAE Systems will deliver the Saudi Air Force 55 Pilatus PC-21 training aircraft to fulfill the basic train-ing role and 22 BAE Systems Hawk Advance Jet Trainers supporting the fast jet training part of the pilot training syllabus Deliveries of the Pilatus PC-21 manufactured in Switzerland will commence in 2014 The UK built Hawk aircraft will be delivered from 2016 In addition the Saudi contract covers provisions for equipment and training devices such as aircraft simulators training aids and aircraft on which to train aircrew

South Korea to invest US$2 Billion in Building a Cruise Missiles Arsenal

Subjected to the growing threat of North Korean missiles Seoul is planning to launch a massive buildup of its missile force Last month the Korean defense ministry has requested 25 trillion won ($21 billion) over the next five years to beef up its missile arsenal The budget request was made at a meeting of relevant ministers on fiscalpolicy headed by President Lee Myung-bak on April 28 the official said days after the Southrsquos military unveiled a new cruise missile that can hit any target in North Korea The missiles Seoul is planning to field include long-range cruise missiles as well as locally-produced GPS-Guided Bomb In April 2012 South Korea unveiled photos of the Hyunmoo 3 cruise missile conducting test flights This first model of this missile entered production in 2008 It has since been enhanced by prime contractor LIG Nex-1 and is now capable of reaching targets up to 1500km in range The missile is being developed in air surface and submarine launched versions and is expect-ed to become operational in 2014 These missiles are likely being developed with foreign assistance according to unconfirmed data the ADD is cooperating with the German-Swedish Taurus consortium as the Europeans are particularly interested in offering the advanced warhead developed for the Taurus 350 weapon

295m

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The CH-47F Chinook is the most versatile

mission-capable heavy-lift helicopter in the

world More powerful than ever with advanced

flight controls and avionics the CH-47F is in a

class by itself whether itrsquos transporting troops

and equipment on deep combat assault

performing search and rescue or delivering

disaster relief Extraordinary performancemdash

itrsquos what you expect from Chinook

Cyan Magenta Yellow Black

Client - Frontline Job - 125614 Ver - AD01LiveTrimBleed

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Output printed at 100Fonts Helvetica (Bold) Helvetica (Plain) Helvetica 65Media Asian Defence amp Diplomacy

SpaceColor Full Pagendash4-ColorndashBleedLive 180mm x 240mmTrim 210mm x 275mm

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Retoucher

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Job Number BOEG_BDS_CHN_2094M_JApproved

DateInitialsClient Boeing Product Boeing Defense Space amp Security

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If it is deficient or does not comply with your requirements please contact Print Production at 310-601-1485

Frontline Communications Partners 1880 Century Park East Suite 1011 Los Angeles CA 90067

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DEFENCE amp DIPLOMACYASIAN

Str

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gic

Fo

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Asi

a Volume 19 March 2012 wwwAsianDefence-Diplomacycom

S i n g a p o r e $ 1 0 R e s t o f t h e W o r l d U S $ 2 0 C O N T R O L L E D C I R C U L A T I O N ( A v a i l a b l e O n S u b s c r i p t i o n D e m a n d ) P P S 1 7 4 4 0 9 2 0 1 1 ( 0 2 0 1 8 5 ) M I C A ( P ) N O 0 6 7 0 5 2 0 1 1

The Indian Air Force

Corvettes and Fast Attack Craft

Nuclear Forces in Asia

The JF-17

O

r

d

e

r

B

o

o

k

i

n

g

Farnborough Airshow(Farnborough UK 9-15 July)

Air To Ground PGMs

JulyAugust 2012

Anti-UAV Warfare

Military Pistols

Data Fusion In Fighter Cockpits

Bonus Exhibition Distribution at

The almost total demise of unguided weapons in favour of precision guided munitions the competition within armed forces and industry has become intense as has the proliferation of systems Additionally the ability to be able integrate these weapons with the aircraft that use them is often more important than the weapon itself

Much is made of UAVrsquos but how easy is it to shoot down a UAV Evidence suggests that it is easier than many have come to believe and with UAVrsquos seeing increasing investment this article will ask the hard questions many have failed to ask to better inform the policy makers and senior military readership of Asian Defence and Diplomacy

Military pistols are seeing a greater and greater accept-ance in armed forces and especially since the beginning of the ldquowar on terrorrdquo Now deemed essential for almost all members of armed forces with NATO armies the trend may well have implications for Asia and especially forces working within or along side NATO and the UN

In the ldquosee first shoot first kill firstrdquo world of the modern fighter cockpit the quick effective and useful presenta-tion of information is now deemed critical to air-to-air and air-to-ground combat This article will examine the current equipment and ideas that are making this intention a reality

Reserve your advertising space today

10th June 2012

Call or write to Vittorio Rossi Prudente

+393356119295 vittorioprudentegbpcomsg

IN FOCUS










SEA SYSTEMS






By Ed Hooton




Multi-Role

SEA SYSTEMS












SEA SYSTEMS





SOF and UAV

Upgrades








SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





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HEADLINE NEWS





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HEADLINE NEWS





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HEADLINE NEWS

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295m

m B

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220mm Bleed

275m

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210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

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180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

IN FOCUS










SEA SYSTEMS






By Ed Hooton




Multi-Role

SEA SYSTEMS












SEA SYSTEMS





SOF and UAV

Upgrades








SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





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HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

SEA SYSTEMS






By Ed Hooton




Multi-Role

SEA SYSTEMS












SEA SYSTEMS





SOF and UAV

Upgrades








SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

SEA SYSTEMS












SEA SYSTEMS





SOF and UAV

Upgrades








SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





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HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

SEA SYSTEMS





SOF and UAV

Upgrades








SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

SEA SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS







Combat Experience

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS



Armament









LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS















LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS









Elsewhere in Asia





LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS







India and ITT




LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS














LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS
















LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS


















LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS







India Pakistan


LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS











Korea and Japan

China







LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS




Guns and Ammo






Trends






LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS












LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS



By Francis Tusa







LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS




Why do we do this










LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS











LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

LAND SYSTEMS












The new red line






AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

AIR SYSTEMS



Airbus Military






AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

AIR SYSTEMS






Bombardier

Boeing





AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

AIR SYSTEMS





Opportunities





AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

AIR SYSTEMS




Small Solutions





Asia-Pacific

Middle East




AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

AIR SYSTEMS




Future Focus






HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -




HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y


HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -





HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

HEADLINE NEWS





- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y


HEADLINE NEWS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -







295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

295m

m B

leed

220mm Bleed

275m

m T

rim

210mm Trim

Scale 10 = 1

240m

m L

ive

180mm Live
















Retoucher







Vendor Schawk






0 25 50 75 100

3C

4C

50K

50C41M41Y

Documents

ASIAN DEFENCE AND DIPLOMACY