BDF project

1

1. Komatsu action with B10 mandate in Indonesia 2. Technical investigation with B20 3. Summary

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Standard

ASTM D7467

B5

EN590 B7

BDF Mandate

Others B5 Brazil

B5

B10

USA

Komatsu Global policy

B5/B7 (2013)

2007 Recommend

(no warranty)

●

Indonesia

B5 Minnesota/ Oregon

B10 Minnesota in Summer

B5 Massachusetts

Recommend

(warranty)

Global situation of BDF

3 BDF quality standard for Komatsu warranty

B100 (100% BDF)

• EN14214 (EU)

• ASTM D6751 (USA)

Diesel Fuel

• ASTM D975 B10 (BDF 10%)

• ASTM D7467

Some quality assurance program shall cover BDF supply chain (Method of analysis, storage, sampling, transportation & etc.)

e.g. BQ9000 in USA

(Users have to buy BDF from BQ9000 Certified producer/marketer)

http://www.bq-9000.org/

• BDF quality (B100 & blended) shall comply with EN/ASTM standard

• BDF supply chain shall be certified by a quality assurance program

• The Gov. of Indonesia have own Standard SNI 7180 (B100)

• No quality assurance program in Indonesia (no assurance of BDF quality)

• Komatsu warranty policy can not meet BDF situation in Indonesia

• CAT & Cummins policy is also same as Komatsu

4

Komatsu supporting B10 Supply Chain management of Adaro

• B10 quality of Adaro B10 supply chain comply with ASTM D7467

• KMSI can prepare warranty of machines with current B10 in Adaro mine

B100

production

(Etherindo) Java

Blending for B10

(Shell terminal) S. Kalimantan

Diesel Fuel

(Import)

B10

storage

(PAMA)

Fuel tanker

Fuel tanker

Storage Shell terminal

S. Kalimantan

B100

Storage Shell terminal

S. Kalimantan

EN14214 / ASTM D6751

B10

storage (Adaro)

B10

storage

(SIS)

B10

storage

(BUMA)

B10

storage

(RA)

Fuel truck

Fuel truck

Machines

Machines

Machines

Machines

EN14214 / ASTM D6751

ASTM D7467 *ASTM D7467

*ASTM D7467

Fuel tanker

Adaro Contractors

*Analysis once a week in B10 supply chain

• No quality issue of B10 has been found in B10

supply since Aug. 2014

(Request COQ to Shell)

Fuel supplier; Shell B10 supply chain

5

Acid Value (Av)

Av Sample < Av Standard in ASTM D7467 : max 0.3 mg KOH/g

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000

0.3500

Aug-W

2

Aug-W

3

Aug-W

4

Sept-

W1

Sept-

W2

Sept-

W3

Sept-

W4

Sept-

W5

Oct-

W1

Oct-

W2

Oct-

W3

Oct-

W4

No

v-W

1

No

v-W

2

No

v-W

3

No

v-W

4

De

s-W

1

De

s-W

2

De

s-W

3

De

s-W

4

De

s-W

5

Jan-W

1

Jan-W

2

Av

[m

gK

OH

/g]

Sampling Period (2014-2015)

Acid Value (Av) Result

SIS-Storage

SIS-Pit Stop

Adaro-Barge

Adaro-Storage

PAMA-Storage

PAMA-Pit Stop

ASTM D7467

6

Water Content

Water Content < Water Content in ASTM D7467 : max 500 ppm

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

550.00

Aug-W

2

Aug-W

3

Aug-W

4

Sept-

W1

Sept-

W2

Sept-

W3

Sept-

W4

Sept-

W5

Oct-

W1

Oct-

W2

Oct-

W3

Oct-

W4

No

v-W

1

No

v-W

2

No

v-W

3

No

v-W

4

De

s-W

1

De

s-W

2

De

s-W

3

De

s-W

4

De

s-W

5

Jan-W

1

Jan-W

2

Wate

r C

on

ten

t [p

pm

]

Sampling Period (2014-2015)

Water Content Result

SIS-Storage

SIS-Pit Stop

Adaro-Barge

Adaro-Storage

PAMA-Storage

PAMA-Pit Stop

ASTM D7467

7

0

6

12

18

24

30A

ug-W

2

Aug-W

3

Aug-W

4

Sept-

W1

Sept-

W2

Sept-

W3

Sept-

W4

Sept-

W5

Oct-

W1

Oct-

W2

Oct-

W3

Oct-

W4

No

v-W

1

No

v-W

2

No

v-W

3

No

v-W

4

De

s-W

1

De

s-W

2

De

s-W

3

De

s-W

4

De

s-W

5

Jan-W

1

Jan-W

2

OS

[h

ou

rs]

Sampling Period (2014-2015)

Oxidation Stability (OS) Result

SIS-Storage

SIS-Pit Stop

Adaro-Barge

Adaro-Storage

PAMA-Storage

PAMA-Pit Stop

ASTM D7467

Oxidation Stability (OS)

OS < OS in ASTM D7467 : min. 6 hours

>24

8

FAME Content

*FAME content analysis started from January 2015

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Jan-W1 Jan-W2

FA

ME

Co

nte

nt

[%]

Sampling Period (2015)

FAME Content Result

SIS-Storage

SIS-Pit Stop

Adaro-Barge

Adaro-Storage

PAMA-Storage

PAMA-Pit Stop

ASTM D7467

FAME content is below 10%

9

KOMATSU MARKETING & SUPPORT INDONESIA

Engine Bench Test of 12V140 (HD785-7) at KRA

BDF

– Project Jatropha BDF

– Commercial Palm BDF

– *Calorie of 100% BDF is app.15% lower than Diesel fuel

Various level of BDF (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%)

– 3 replication of each level

Data

– Rated Output

– Engine Torque Curve

10

y = -145.48x + 1194.4

R2 = 0.9851

10001020104010601080110011201140116011801200

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Bench Test Result of J-BDF R

ate

d p

ow

er

(HP

)

Jatropha BDF (project) April 2011

Palm BDF (commercial) Oct 2010

y = -0.1226x + 1.0062

R2 = 0.9851

86%

88%

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

11 B20 vehicle test – phase II

A. B20 production and usage

Mid of Jan’15 total operating hour:

- DT214 : 2,321 hours

- DT215 : 2,309 hours

Rain start occurred in Nov-Jan, expressed in

operating hour:

Sep : 524hrs

Oct : 553hrs

Nov : 461hrs

Dec : 377hrs

Jan : 105hrs (mid), estimated around 200hrs

Confidential to B20 project (ADARO-KOMATSU-UT-SIS)

B20 production and monthly usage has positive

correlation. No abnormality founded. Normal usage

of B20

B. SMR and Total operating hours

1. Target;

16,000 hours

2. Method;

2 units HD785 (SIS) with B20 produced by the

project B20 = B19 (palm) + B1 (jatropha)

3. Purpose;

Investigate LCC with B20 comparing with diesel fuel

(maintenance cost, component life)

All data as of Jan, 15th 2015

12 B20 vehicle test – phase II

C. Monitoring

Engine oils analysis (TBN, TAN and Fuel dilution)

Result: TAN, TBN and Fuel dilution values are

NORMAL in range every 500 engine oil hours

Confidential to B20 project (ADARO-KOMATSU-UT-SIS)

Max. Caution

Max. High

13 Result of component test (1)

Hose Zinc Degraded

NBR Yokohama Elution Swelling

NBR BS Elution Swelling

CSM* ND Swelling

*The BDF project data of HD785 showed CSM was better than

NBR in term of degradation

• NBR; Nitrile rubber

• CSM; Chlorosulfonated

polyethylene rubber

• FKM; Fluoroelastomers

B20 test data

• NBR or CMS hoses shall be changed to FKM to for B20 • Komatsu will use FKM hoses only for a brand new unit

• Customers shall change to FKM hoses by themselves

• B20 causes NBR or CSM degradation

14 Result of component test (2)

Material

steel sheet

Inside surface processing BDF

effect

Model

Acid

cleaned

Cationic electro deposition coat *

(should be improved one)

degraded

Acid

cleaned

Epoxy coat (Dengyo)

Safe

Acid

cleaned

Phosphate Zinc coat (parker)

Safe

Acid

cleaned

Anti – Rust only Safe

Zinc –

coated

Anti – Rust only

Zn elute

• Investigating if Zinc – coated tank shall be changed for B20

• More than 30,000 units with Zinc – coated tank in Indonesia

Data of effect of B20 on fuel tank

• Zinc causes injector deposit • Reduce jet volume

15 Summary

Komatsu investigation summary for B20

1. Fuel hoses shall be changed for all models

2. Fuel consumption shall increase in app. 2%

3. Fuel tank material shall be changed for some major models?

(still under investigation)

4. Considered engine oil maintenance period shall be shorten,

500 hours to 250 hours

5. Long term effect is unknown

Request to the Government of Indonesia for BDF mandate

1. Improved SNI matching to EN or ASTM

2. Established a guide line or SOP for BDF producers &

marketers and authorizeed the producers & marketers • Currently Komatsu can prepare warranty only for Adaro case