26
ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct( CkfliC1E( Sface ‘1-eva( c’ue k iht&ii O IieeJ1 fcte +ha +ct,td’ etcis& I ‘)7*Ubfl \ p1c&ic s cctl(ecl , < cwe1d -/ktftie Creep U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s cuust bj 3cis cI( IctL

be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve

4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of

be /Dt

ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S

k7O

Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct( CkfliC1E(

Sface ‘1-eva( c’ue k iht&ii O IieeJ1

fcte +ha +ct,td’

etcis&

I ‘)7*Ubfl

\ p1c&ic

s cctl(ecl

, < cwe1d -/ktftie

Creep

U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s

cuust bj 3cis

cI( IctL

Page 2: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

D

I,

LU

—l

5

0I

Li

D

Page 3: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

2

6

p1at2’L. O’Y (JcLc

P

G

$: yeidQ1e)qn;vet; -)ic ‘u( dyove fvm

(c4j c4 the St’es4)t;i curve

: A a’iiui e3{cbIskft1 k rnccisui’€ YiEcl?y !1Ie5

I;i’e s ft tt

6 CLAY VC c€5tj?1e

eCf( kY(i $i± StCJ!I

b &ess cc’i’i’es tk ,ify&ti cjZ

•h lliie itk IJie 6E- & curve ?‘S

yeU &)‘1’th 6y.,

G

e1s& r côv&j af4i Yeid?itj

€1i CiflVC. iS )JL1fe( ét

Ltc. ii4’at e1cb’c L*11 f

Cbv a ik. S1OI ‘aj1Au1 Ed dt4;vy

(Art Cc te S+c i

* p1&c±c d YfliOlArl / i’k uipGri Uti

i c/;ths 2

Page 4: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

6

dUC; le ‘V3. a1e

6

: U1t’rna

‘41 4

: tItk hyhes

fl1EcSeS

Yedil le-1ft #)‘a( tuK

ducfI1j ,tle;1LSe cai(( jte11€

e

AIctIeiu1s hv hh Cu, hK Oie ct((/&c(

4te

Page 5: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

L9p1#Gifi4frf

;/i::*p;,,I/r

£f9PInh11’ILAOc’imb-

+i9=j

(uII

:AiOi+

TV97/(9+19=

__

=

npao?jkUflVi01,1mssy

AO/9U5cc“L

IvSr,o,DWvW1I9PPijv3)

UD-kiSJ”°

Page 6: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

&>

\tf

ln-

iIII

(4

0

CA -4--

Ii,

I‘/

II

Page 7: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

OJ)Ol

,nlet !ee-b"I le{Yetn i�e d�ot/11\ httt.

otd. � b- f: c(.l� re.

cli::,tic � c.ove� anu/ Sl-\'�111 hardening

I' ;t\ <€----.--

()It� S+Y�JiA �

t},(l(fwe sHout �

Page 8: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

cjjsJ

±1

S.S/1

II6

Page 9: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

i; ue Qiic( C3 c ii c (4

* [be 0 CC ,ü’S t c s+i’ess te I 1 e

40* fc&5 4S+ophc 1 occuv;, bS i)ithWi”i o1d pptjatiii J oacis.

;\ -‘oe -ktce. waIl pependc 1t i,4e ci’e an cL

e1iSi S+kSS

cc esYY\€flhl cS{’

6y +=

oip[4ude.’

ersus +e LhhD1 J £he iiumbe N

o

6

Cçjd -J:iue)

Ic fo&jue -i CUYhE ho;2a( a?€ c ‘i

6ft

1

¶,Civ)

Page 10: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

Cc4eyjd 6 + 4

evrnec(?bet1o*/nokksi oiid

3 4;nat -Falvie Qc1:v/ej dI on Le. the aLVOII cicj

— sfitk5 -1oJ

5-iV ove

6

ça b31

a;t&t

f&i S4eyth : tk s&s at whck fàe tii 4àv ne

3F’e(ific yivmb& of cdes

1Cr3\t kfe ‘: -[lie /wmkY ?f cde 1;o Ctfl1tC :1cliAe cti

-ess leveL 5ii

Tk’ee sp (d -{y

I) cpct(tc sIoce cwJaie ep,der

2) CDc1 f7avky5

a c1a( Se

Page 11: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

C3 Aec

j> /&rji S{es mf

I>

Faue kk

41es QMV(:4uc(Q. r

Op Se etkt

w4We 1ecç

jlievirt( fàju cIuCE a+ e e*iie

LII1(?W1 çkecs. Ter,,iL szc 1k (U4cmt DJ tkt4 pa’So,

/f E u’rI *ftktukf a’ye 47

6diEAT

1;Je

9AIQ_ IC&

e,1gn(s 4yie (fe

Page 12: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

Cl/eep

;1(Deer g &4ydnaIh7l iAPf O(CUnW(We W)h Vn’e.

Oauv, i)1(f1eo1s 0t efetecl ct1is wIii {hej ove.

c”ptsd + k.ic eckrail S’4e.

* riieia( T )T Ee T) (S F21e1y Itft1(th’Ie

C’iieep bekoviw

A jpct c.ep 4eS± 1?1&S+S )f sujer c jcine,, a

• IL v w)L a’vrk1’1j ike. 3èYc ‘e s-fcvi 1

O€k 1Ct?l I 04j piq4 c’

etc pSeG( i#e

_* if the @i1wo( (, i1g pe1c( i’-1oiiirifij of

e

—+er {:es pvrc( o bev ML

c prep

Page 13: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ree CuyvQ

ce1€ ct*

o,11S54S of Thfre

k4 0 P 1iztSleM cveep 0 cc J..

e ((he sbpcL 4 (Jt€ luyVe) ci flLI5I%j CIeC)Ft&.5

i n c1rep iesice 01r

/ne i4(1c CI1#?CU1 c 1AQ 1Q”’1 jL S )‘&nr(

ii ccc(ci CYcep o sfttcy S(a1e ckeep

Me Cve /‘i1y

LI

Jk cnpe tij pk ces O3 +vo;tz

(h piCE

&1)6 (U &j j?fr’efl(e

berwnLe

4a

&b

fte Q1i(

Sb

C.reer cuve

1.

çJS

Page 14: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

I11 iicy Geep

CI’rep Ictte ace e ia{ , (ecI:sij 1 ie . rk creep

fQhwe ,s kPtI kV1frtuke•

A fleck P1€j rn at ,ne pont . 4ri yc ./,

ciecYeaz ?n Ihe 4fec4pe &r4,irw( otea otri ,kce

;, s/’ Ya4.

9* *e ejierA

kv oi’ lmyiae,

4ie i” q/zeo SfIo”n t urn s41’e& ccnIcII

dfo

I> he ScJ 4e creep

1j )up4uke IIfrtrne d€aseS

Page 15: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

IIL

I’

cIj)

)

\

Lc—

K

q)0IIC

-

%cj)

‘ci

-U

-1-

cc

44’)

a.)

Ics

QQJ

)LJ

w

Page 16: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

‘I-

rC

T

1l

ii

\.4

Page 17: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ii’U

I

CD I-

ii SbJ C

)1 LV

0 (D a S 11 9t

>

-1 6

LJ

99

c;) ‘1—

(rb’

‘, : L

&?

I

1L

ttJ

Ip

0’)

L)

a

Page 18: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

(T S

(

(Th

cm

V

(

C,

r I

&

r\z

a. IL

Page 19: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

fl-i

U’

-rcY

TE;

>&::

(-

rp

(J%

(—N

,

;,

(-Ic

.4-,

o-—

,r

1.r

C,

.‘2

I1D

A(%

3CD

ct

-,

‘I

I(,

A

c)

1”

1

ti1

>

Lz

- —

LI ‘HI

V

3.

(4—

V

F

Page 20: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

c-i F

(7,

(Th

0 V C,

V

c5 (1

C,

çr C (A

cJTh

ii c)

¶3

0 00

I CD

L

0

jl

w

Page 21: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

the 1io b/h Va v)i ik. ciryt SUC ot(

OUtt O’ -tO 1, S +1e. Ih’4W1i i4

We.. ci(so esiitce +IeeUc( 1f7?I S44L

Page 22: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

N0e oil

Ue-fpwq

iA) S. le\Je(. / ol tafri ce ptrwcIl t1 etrck

4ie

cEE.

Tivs ? kiuwi 03 f-iooke5 (oW, asic’ IE (he mocltlkLc øf ebs4icj

1* modulus

ik€ oduks •Thau c mc{cYs’aL!s YescskinCe -> eksUc Je[t,iivtic,,.

j) OO— pYe. eqwI;4’uin

A

f (cjLic A1oduIu

Sk:

Page 23: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ff 0

ii

V

0 4

ii

x 0

>

I’

0

w Ci ‘I

F lb I (1 z 0 :3

4Oof

l00

a

oo 0 CD

><

‘oO

V

0 v1 0

0 r) z. Ca)

Page 24: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

AoflUafo)fQltQU?S5aO)A’)fr2

3\fH4)3Q35lY‘7°1!a)o1t’

Sl.2!})42

;?5bqpj9j)

/3/4QfJ

pfQsaf

‘pat!Q!1nc!UIAO

feaG/5Ut3LI°0‘)t9D01(l

•ii*clc2q

I4f11A0J’J

i°‘°i(j

DIt

Page 25: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ow( O s Ioawi 1ie me4-6

x

F ti li\ \ \ IF1—

-

S1eov 544ecS , (i <i de

I:f d /hf5 Ln$efey accs 4Ae I: i)IcthE •tA /k.

dowe o( , 4 (4fliM4S b o 1k h( pa(m4e 0.

If fliOtS U dt& c , tk “3 & —fkltIkJl 1’X/A) 4 L,

i1 g d3 koiIciiS moVe, /Ae *t1 d’pk(e

D

Sb 41 (ItXCCopic pfrs1’ L1f scL;,) : ç9’L\

D h,q

d —I—I

stress

I I I

h ‘T/T

r ——

4(a) stress

LI (b)

Cork s’ c{e GA c4a(.. voloie A (€; &r14&&Y’3 €c3e d1iis, A Pi”j

Page 26: be /Dt U C1p11eJi ‘S Sice, 4 s · ono7Wz [yPe of Atcterc 1c1u.Ve 4ue a ckce ui 4he phsat. th oV skQe of be /Dt ctcye Cuc 4c &e een ft C(?npDI)e11 )S k7O Co*s 1ie. kcs q: 7tt{e1rct(

ru

1

-vLi

Uz1

UT

h

0’

(0

1)

IL

t