Bio Presentation 01

7/25/2019 Bio Presentation 01

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio-presentation-01 1/28

Presented By

Deepali P. Chaudhari

Guided By

Nareshkumar D. Harale

(HOD of Comp. Engg. Dept.)

Biometri for !eure "dentity

#erifiation



Biometri

Biometris is the siene and tehnology of measuringand analy$ing %iologial data.

By using %iometris& the authentiation of the person is

related to that person itself rather than person's tokens

or passords.

Biometris are used for identifiation and #erifiation.

"dentifiation is determining ho a person is.

erifiation is determining if a person is ho they say

they are.



Why Biometric?

• !euring personal pri#ay

• pre#ent identity fraud

• *here is no ay to positi#ely link the usage of the system

or ser#ie to the atual user.



•+ni,ue- *he #arious %iometris systems ha#e %een

de#eloped around uni,ue harateristis of indi#iduals.

•Cannot %e shared- Beause a %iometri property is an

intrinsi property of an indi#idual& it is etremely diffiult to

dupliate or share.•Cannot %e opied- Biometri harateristis are nearly

impossi%le to forge or spoof.

•Cannot %e lost- / %iometri property of an indi#idual an %e

lost only in ase of serious aident.

Why are biometrics secure?



Ho Biometri !ystem 0orks

• Enrollment

• erifiation

• "dentifiation



Stages of Biometric system

1. "mage /,uisition2. "mage proessing

3. 4eature Etration

5. "ris "dentifiation



Types of Biometric

Finger Scanning

•4ingerprints are the graphial flo6like ridges present on humanfingers.

•4ingerprints are used in the areas of finanial transations& netork

seurity& and ontrolling the mo#ement of indi#iduals.

•*he main tehnologies used to apture the fingerprint image ithsuffiient detail are optial& silion& and ultrasound.

Issues with fingerprint systems

•*he tip of the finger is a small area from hih to take

measurements& and ridge patterns is ompliated task.

• E#en to take measurements& and ridge patterns here uts 7 dirt is

there is ompliated task.

•People ith no or fe minutia points (surgeons as they often ash

their hands ith strong detergents& %uilders& people ith speial

skin onditions) annot enroll or use the system.



Benefits of fingerprint biometric systems

• 8 Easy to use

• 8 Cheap• 8 !mall si$e

• 8 9o poer

• 8 9arge data%ase already a#aila%le

Applications of fingerprint biometrics•4ingerprint sensors are %est for de#ies suh as ell phones& +!B flash

dri#es& note%ook omputers and other appliations here prie& si$e&

ost and lo poer are key re,uirements.

• 4ingerprint %iometri systems are also used for la enforement& %akground searhes to sreen :o% appliants& healthare and elfare.



Iris Scanning

•*he iris is the elasti& pigmented& onneti#e tissue that ontrols the

pupil.

•Glasses& ontat lenses& and e#en eye surgery does not hange the

harateristis of the iris.

Benefits of iris biometric systems

8 Highly aurate

Weaknesses of iris biometric systems

8 *he user must hold still hile the san is taking plae



Applications of iris biometrics

• "dentity ards and passports

• Border ontrol and other Go#ernment programs

• Data%ase aess and omputer login• Hospital seurity

• !hools seurity

• Controlling aess to restrited areas& %uildings and homes.

Iris recognition system steps

•"mage a,uisition•"mage preproessing

•*eture Etration

•Deision ;aking.



Retina Scanning

*he %lood #essels at the %ak of the eye ha#e a uni,ue pattern& from

eye to eye and person to person.

How oes retina biometrics work

•<etina sans re,uire that the person remo#es their glasses& plae

their eye lose to the sanner& stare at a speifi point& and remain

still& and fous on a speified loation for approimately 1= to 1>

seonds hile the san is ompleted.

•<etina sans use infrared light to sur#ey the uni,ue pattern of

%lood #essels of the retina

Issues with retina systems

•Enrollment and sanning are slo.



Benefits of retina biometric systems

! Highly aurate

Applications of retina biometrics

• Go#ernment

• ;ilitary

• %anking.



Facial Recognition

*he dimensions& proportions and physial attri%utes of a person?s fae

are uni,ue.

How oes face biometrics work

•Biometri faial reognition systems ill measure and analy$e the

o#erall struture& shape and proportions of the fae.

• Distane %eteen the eyes& nose& mouth& and :a edges.• +pper outlines of the eye sokets& the sides of the mouth& the

loation of the nose and eyes& the area surrounding the heek%ones.



Benefits of face biometric systems

8 Can %e done from a distane& e#en ithout the user

%eing aare of it.

Weaknesses of face biometric systems

8 4ae %iometri systems are more suited for authentiation than for

identifiation purposes& as it is easy to hange the proportion of one?s

fae %y earing a mask& a nose etension& et. 8 ;ost people are unomforta%le ith ha#ing their piture taken.

Applications of face biometrics

/ess to restrited areas and %uildings& %anks& military sites& airports&

la enforement.



"oice Recognition

Our #oies are uni,ue to eah person (inluding tins)& and annot %e

eatly repliated.

How oes #oice biometrics work

!peeh inludes to omponents

• physiologial omponent (the #oie trat)

• %eha#ioural omponent (the aent)



Benefits of #oice biometric systems

8 /%ility to use eisting telephones

8 Can %e automated& and oupled ith speeh reognition systems

8 9o perei#ed in#asi#eness

Weaknesses of #oice biometric systems

8 High false& non6mathing rates

Applications of #oice biometrics

•*elephony6%ased appliations.

•oie #erifiation is used for go#ernment& healthare& all enters&

eletroni ommere& finanial ser#ies& ustomer authentiation for

ser#ie alls.



$%TH&'S &F BI&$%TRI(S

)abor Filtering

•Ga%or elementary funtions are Gaussians modulated %y sinusoidal

funtions.• / to dimensional (2D) e#en Ga%or filter an %e represented %y the

folloing e,uation in the spatial domain-

• *he entral fre,uenies used are 2& 5& @& 1A& and 32 ylesdegree.

• 4or eah entral fre,ueny f & filtering is performed at ==& 5>=& ==&and 13>=.

• *here are a total of 2= Ga%or filters ith different fre,uenies and

diretions.



4ig. 3.2 (a) Original "mage. (%) Ga%or 4ilter. () Ga%or filtered "mage.



*on Filter+base Techni,ue

On the iris images e applied the preproessing steps of F.Daugman's

algorithm .

*he preproessing step inludes-

1. "ris 9oali$ation- *he slera& pupil and eyelids are segmented (4ig . a).2. "ris Normali$ation- *ransformation of loali$ed iris region from

Cartesian oordinates to Polar oordinates (4ig . %).

3. ;asking- *he region orresponding to eyelids and eyelashes are then

masked (4ig . C).



Wa#elet Transform

*he a#elet transform di#ides the original image into four su%6%ands

and they are denoted %y 99(lo6lo)& 9H(lo6high)& H9(high6lo)and HH(high6high) fre,ueny su%6%ands.

fig. a. Failure case Fig. b. Success case

Figure 5. Localization of the iris pattern result



*eural *etwork

4ig. Outline of 4ae <eognition !ystem %y using Bak6propagation

Neural Netork



A#antage

• *here is no etra learning proess inluded here& only %y sa#ing the

fae information of the person and appending the person's name in the

learned data%ase ompletes the learning proess.

•Etrated features are fed into the input of the multilayer Neural

Netork and the netork is trained to reate a knoledge %ase for

reognition hih is then used for reognition.

T bl A ( i f Bi t i



Table A: Comparison of Biometric Technologies

Biometrics Permanence Performance Uniqueness Acceptability

FingerprintH H H M

Hand GeometryM M M M

Retinal ScanningM H H L

Iris ScanningH H H L

Facial RecognitionM L L H

Dynamic SignatureL L L H

Keystroke DynamicsL L L M

Voice RecognitionL L L H

H= High, M= Meium, != !o"

Table A- (omparison of Biometric

Technologies



S%.%(TI&* (RIT%RIA F&R BI&$%TRI( T/0%S

• Eonomi 4easi%ility or Cost

• <isk /nalysis

• Pereption of +sers

• *ehno !oio 4easi%ility

• !eurity

• +ser friendly and soial aepta%ility

• 9egal 4easi%ility• Pri#ay

A li ti



Applications

•Prison #isitor systems.

•Dri#er's lienses.

•Canteen administration•Benefit payment systems.

•Border ontrol.

•oting systems.



Future Applications+Some common ieas

/*; mahine use

0orkstation and netork aess *ra#el and tourism "nternet transations *elephone transations Pu%li identity ards



A#antages

/uthentiate the user.

+sers annot pass %iometri harateristis to other users as easilyas they do ards or passords.

Biometri o%:ets annot %e stolen.

;ost %iometri tehni,ues are %ased on features that annot %e lostor forgotten.

Biometri authentiation systems re,uires less speed.



'rawbacks of biometrics

*hat the system ill enhane the poer o#er indi#iduals of partiular

organi$ations and the !tate*hat high6integrity identifiation em%odies an in#ersion of the

appropriate relationship %eteen the iti$en and the !tate

*hat soiety is %eoming dri#en %y tehnology6assisted %ureauray&

rather than %y eleted go#ernment

•*hat eemptions and eeptions ill eist for poerful indi#idualsand organi$ations& and that the system ill entrenh fraud and

riminality

• *hat suh identifiation shemes are the mehanism foretold in

religious prophey (e.g. ?the ;ark of the Beast?).

Documents

Bio Presentation 01