Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Tokyo December 4th-5th, 2013

REDD+ Safeguard; Fundamental, Not an add on

An Opportunity and Challenges for REDD+ Implementation in the

Upper Mahakam

1

Upper Mahakam Overview

Size: 31.628,70 km2

Administratif: 2 districts, 21 sub districts and 223 villages.

Population: 167.700

WWF Indonesia Upper Mahakam Program

Kutai Barat District

VISION “Natural resources are conserved and sustainably managed as a key part of a Green Economy where governments, business and communities value key ecosystem services, stop conversion of natural forests, reduce GHG emissions, and generate equitable livelihoods”

2

Non Forested 868,465.76 Ha

Forest Cover

Forested Area 2,427,716.67 Ha

Source: Landsat 2009

The Nature Reserve 5,855.04 Ha

The Protected Forest 859,941.75 Ha

Spatial Planning

The Production Forest 1,325,608.47 Ha Development Area/ other

utilization area 1,082,602.39 Ha

Source: Bappeda Kutai Barat

6

The District Emission, sector based

Source: Analysis by Mc Kinsey Tim

Tarakan

Tana Tidung

Samarinda

Pasir

Panajam Paser Utara

Nunukan

Malinau

Kutai Timur

Kutai Barat

Bulungan

Bontang

Berau

Balikpapan

0-1 Mt CO2e

1-2 Mt CO2e

2-5 Mt CO2e

5-10 Mt CO2e

10+ Mt CO2e

1 Palm oil mill effluent

Total

5.9

21.8

18.5

18.2

44.9

Kutai Kertanegara 57.6

43.6

6.9

40.2

8.3

12.3

3.5

2.3

0.3

284.3 East Kalimantan

MtCO2e, 2010

0.0

Palm Oil

Deforest ation

Peat decay Fire POME1

Agriculture

Deforest ation Fire

Agricul Ture proses

Peat Decay

Forestry

Degrada tion

Deforest ation

Peat Decay Fire

Oil and Gas

Exploitation process

Coal Mining

6.3 3.1 0.8 2.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.6 1.7 0.7 0.3 4.7 3.9 0.5 1.3 - 0.2 1.5 1.0 0.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4

2.0 1.5 1.5 0.2 2.5 2.4 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 2.5 0.6

7.8 4.1 1.9 0.4 8.7 4.0 1.7 3.9 - 0.2 1.9 3.1 0.8

5.6 6.0 4.6 0.7 1.8 2.7 4.2 2.8 5.9 0.8 0.9 7.7 2.0

4.5 3.9 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.7 0.5

0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 4.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.4 0.9 7.1 0.3 1.5 2.8 6.8 0.7 - 0.4 0.9 12.1 3.1

0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 2.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 - 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

1.6 2.1 0.3 0.3 1.2 2.4 0.3 0.8 - 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2

0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

26.0 22.4 16.9 3.2 33.8 23.9 16.8 13.0

Refining process & LNG

Gas Flaring

3.3 -

- -

15.1 -

- 0.1

- -

- 1.4

- 0.2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0.0

18.4 1.7

Others

2.5

0.4

0.7

0.5

0.6

2.8

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.6

2.1

0.5

0.2

11.8 6.2

Deforest ation

Mining Process

Metan Release

- - -

0.4 0.8 1.5

- - -

0.1 0.1 0.8

0.5 0.9 4.4

0.8 1.5 5.4

4.3 8.1 3.7

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.3 1.4

0.8 1.4 0.7

0.1 0.1 0.4

0.1 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

- - -

7.2 13.5 18.4 3.2 9.4 31.0 8.0

Others

Total

14746

117

20211141010281420

Bulungan Berau Kutai Timur

Nunukan Kutai Barat

Kutai Kar-tanagara

Bontang

519

Paser Balik-papan

Panajam Paser Utara

Malinau Tarakan Tana Tidung

Sama-rinda

7

Kutai Barat is the biggest second emitter of CO2e in Kalimantan Timur

3 6 6

0,3 2 7 8

12 18

21

31

40 45

52

Sources: Kaltim Green; Wetlands International; East Kalimantan Statistics 2009; Team Mc Kinsey analysis

Sharing total emission by district (%)

20.5 18.2 16.4 12.9 8.5 7.3 4.8 3.2 2.8 2.6 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.1

Oil palm

Agriculture

Forestry

Oil & Gas

Mining

Other sectors

Gross emission occured in each districts within East Kalimantan contributed by five production sectors MtCO2e

Emission per ha MtCO2/ha

Analysed by Mc Kinsey Date 14th May 2010 3

Economy & Emissions of

Upper Mahakam

Palm Oil Contribute to 4% of Upper Mahakam economic

Coal Mining Is very important part of Upper Mahakam economy

27Mt CO2e Emitted from deforestation and degradation activities

62% of economy sources: Depend on primary production such as: Coal, plantation (Palm oil & Rubber), agriculture, and timber)

There are 164.005,17 Ha Of Non Forested Area located in the Production Forest

Forest Cover & Spatial

Planning

There are 433.763,73 Ha Of Forested Area located in the Development Area

Source: - Landsat 2009 - Bappeda Kutai Barat

There are 12.469 Ha Of Non-forested Area located in the protected forest

Overlapped Concession By licenses, all concessions established occupied an area of 2,718,795.02 ha, but in fact only 2,233,135.92 ha existed in the field. There are overlapped area among some concessions as large as 485, 659.10 ha. By forest cover: • Forested area (1,556,680.90 ha) • Non-Forested area (676,455.02

ha)

Overlapped areas between Timber, Palm Oil & Coal Mining Concessions

Source: - Landsat 2009 - Bappeda Kutai Barat

Concession Area (Ha) Forest Concession 1,443,139.00 Timber Plant. 175,557.76 Plantation 560,012.02 Mining 540,086.24 Grand Total 2,718,795.02 Overlap 485,659.10 Area with Concession 2,233,135.92

Forest Concessions There are 42 timber concessions occupied 1,443,139.00 Ha of natural forest. These areas are home to very few endemic faunas such as rhino and orangutan and provides services for hundred thousands people living in and surrounding those areas.

Forest Cover, Forest Concessions &

Biodiversity

Source: - Landsat 2009 - Bappeda Kutai Barat

Company Area (Ha) BAGUN JAYA 10,502.46 CV PARI JAYA MAKMUR 13,574.97 DANUM PAROY (IUHKM) 8,273.96 Ex. PT. GUNUNG JATI RIMBA 10,170.65 KEDAQ SAYAAG 10,921.34 KOP. BATUAN JAYA 30,592.86 KOP. LUVANG KRIMAN (IUHKM) 6,469.71 KOPERASI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUSSALAM 22,007.97 KSU MAYANG PUTRI PRIMA 15,213.11 KUD MAHAKAM JAYA 5,915.31 LG BAGUN ILIR (IUHKM) 4,092.33 LONG GELAWANG (IUHKM) 15,058.03 NAHARIQ URIP (IUHKM) 15,816.54 NEDAU APAU (IUHKM) 9,114.34 PT. AGRO CITY KALTIM 13,096.69 PT. BALIKPAPAN FOREST INDUSTRIES 97,501.41 PT. BARITO NUSANTARA INDAH 42,289.40 PT. BELAYAN RIVER TIMBER 15,098.08 PT. DUTA RENDRA MULIA SEJAHTERA 6,954.27 PT. HARAPAN KALTIM LESTARI 44,412.06 PT. HITAYAQ ALAN MEDANG 55,585.39 PT. INDOWANA ARGA TIMBER 25,402.50 PT. ITCI 85,381.10 PT. JAYA TIMBER TRADING 18,000.01 PT. KARYA WIJAYA SUKSES 17,334.23 PT. KEMAKMURAN BERKAH TIMBER 67,745.24 PT. LIMBANG GANECA 6,155.55 PT. MARIMUN TIMBER INDUSTRIES 59,460.68 PT. RANGGAKESUMA (S. BOH) 1,029.51 PT. RATAH TIMBER COMPANY 99,582.20 PT. RIMBA KARYA RAYATAMA 41,624.45 PT. RIMBA SEMPURNA MAKMUR 31,274.11 PT. RODAMAS TIMBER KALIMANTAN 101,893.22 PT. SENDAWAR MAJU SEJAHTERA 26,615.92 PT. SEROJA UNIVERSUM NARWASTU 40,035.87 PT. SUMALINDO LESTARI JAYA (UNIT II) 130,038.93 PT. SUMALINDO LESTARI JAYA V 62,746.91 PT. TIMBER DANA 45,337.02 PT. TRIWIRA ASTA BHARATA 61,799.74 PT. WANGSA LESTARI JAYA 16,202.49 WANGSA LESTARI JAYA 40,381.90 YOSEBA (IUHKM) 12,436.55

Grand Total 1,443,139.

00

Forest Managers

Forest

Actors: Government; Private Sector; Community groups

Sustainable forest

management

Economic, social, culture and identity

“Managed ecosystem, well function and

usefull for biodiversity and community”

Implementation approaches & Tools: • Certification

scheme • HCVF • RIL • FPIC • Benefit

Sharing Mechanism

Target • Capacity improvement at forest managers

• Strengthening government and civil society in supervision and monitoring

Biodiversity Safeguard Design for REDD+ Implementation in the upper Mahakam

Community-Private Partnership to Safeguard Environmental Service

Methodselectio

n Training

Measurement

Data compilation

analysis Monitoring

Set up Plot

• REDD+ discourse should be landed to the Earth

Next Challenges

• Good communication skill in explaining REDD+ is very important • Need expertise support to translate the REDD+ more operational that

could solved economic challenge at the field level • Biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by nature are not deemed

sufficiently profitable for related private sector compared to the its maintenance cost.

THANK YOU

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