`!blblj!Tboj[f agvistos omi iyo Tavdajerebuli da ...dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/118022/1/Ilori_2014_N297.pdf · _ 2008 wlis 7 agvistos me Tbil - isidan gavemgzavre baTumSi,raTa

#297 (356) 16-23 dekemberi 2014 saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“ organo 30 TeTri

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warsulis gaxseneba

warsulSi CarCenas ar niSnavs

gamoqveynda 2013 w. aprilSi,

`kavkazskaia politika~-Si

_ ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia,ruseTis maSindeli prezidentis, dim-itri medvedevis mier afxazeTisa dasamxreT oseTis aRiarebamde, Tqven ram-denimejer presis meSveobiT mimarTeTmixeil saakaSvils TxovniT, rom igiSexvedroda ruseTis prezidents imsaSinelebis Tavidan asacileblad,romelic SemdgomSi moxda kidec. ro-gor fiqrobT, ratom ar iRo yuradsaakaSvilma Tqveni Txovna da rogorafasebT saqarTvelos prezidentis saq-ciels?

_ 2008 wlis 7 agvistos me Tbil-isidan gavemgzavre baTumSi, raTa ram-denime dRe zRvispiras gametarebina.gzaSi Semxvda tankebis, javSantrans-portiorebis kolonebi, manqanebijariskacebiT, romlebic miemarTebodnencxinvalisken. suraTi TiTqos naTeliiyo, magram mainc ar mjeroda, romsaakaSvili Caidenda am sigiJes. vime-dovnebdi, rom es iyo raRac `daSinebisaqciis~ magvari, `nacmoZraobis~ morigipiaraqcia.

meore dRes yvelam gaigo omze.TbilisSi dabrunebis SesaZleblobaukve ar mqonda, amitom presiT mivmarTeprezidents da movuwode, Seewyvita essamarcxvino TviTmkvleluri avantiura.me pirdapir ganvacxade, rom am samxedromoqmedebebs mohyveboda aramarto Cvenisastiki damarcxeba da asobiT adamianissikvdili, aramed afxazeTisa da samxreToseTis damoukideblobis aRiarebaruseTis mxridan.

paralelurad Sevecade, davkavSire-bodi nacnobebs saakaSvilis garemocvi-dan. pirveli ori dRe isini mpasuxobd-nen, rom cxinvali ukve aRebulia dasul male osebi Sewyalebas gvTxoveno,xolo mTeli msoflio miesalmeba ter-itoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenisken mi-marTul Cvens operaciaso.

Semdgom, rodesac Cveni jariskacebisgvamebi ixrwneboda Takara mzis qveS,`nacionalebi~ zeimobdnen “istoriulgamarjvebas” _ mRerodnen da cekvavdnenrusTavelis gamzirze. mere Tbilisiskenmomavali rusuli tankebis SiSiT par-alizebulebs xma CauvardaT, magram,rodesac mixvdnen, rom piradad maTaraferi emuqrebodaT, gons moegen dauwindeli aplombiT Tavdajerebuladacxadebdnen, rom msoflio Tanamegob-roba maT mxareze iyo, xolo ruseTiver gabedavda afxazeTisa da samxreToseTis damoukideblobis aRiarebas.

piradad me specsamsaxurebis Tanam-SromelTa alyaSi aRmovCndi. isini da-ufaravad uTvalTvalebdnen yovel Cemsnabijs. am dros interviuebi miveciramdenime gamocemas, romlebSic aramxolod saakaSvilsa da «nac-moZraobas», aramed politikur partiebs,inteligencias, sazogadoebas movu-wodebdi gonierebisken, magram amaod.bolo interviuSi vurCie saakaSvils,rogorc samarcxvinod damarcxebulmTavarsardals, Tavi moekla; aRsaniS-

navia, rom gazeTma es masala miawodamkiTxvels saTauriT «WaWia emuqrebasaakaSvils mkvlelobiT!». agvistosbolos baTumidan gadavfrindi stam-bolSi.

_ batono aleqsandre, dRevandeligadasaxedidan rogor afasebT 2008wlis agvistos movlenebs? SesaZlebeliiyo maTi Tavidan acileba?

_ me maSinac da axlac vTvli, romagvistos omi iyo Tavdajerebuli dadausjelobiT gaTavxedebuli aramzade-bis sisxliani avantiura! is faqti, romam marionetebs aqezebdnen sisxlianisanaxaobebis okeangaRmeli moyvarulebiim mizniT, rom moesinjaT ruseTisSesaZlebloba adekvaturi qmedebebisken,`nacionalebs~ ver Camorecxavs imaseulobiT adamianis sisxls, romlebicmsxverplad Seewirnen am verag aqcias!

amasTan erTad, darwmunebuli var, romes omi iyo kanonzomieri rgolisaqarTvelos marionetuli xelis-flebisa da misi patronebis mizanmi-marTuli politikisa, romelic iTval-iswinebda saqarTvelos avtonomiebisgangaTavisuflebas, vinaidan avtonomiebisarseboba xels uSlida saqarTvelosteritoriaze natos an misi wevriqveynebis samxedro bazebis ganTavsebas.

_ am movlenebis Semdeg Tqven agikrZa-les saqarTveloSi Camosvla. dRes esakrZalva ZalaSia?

_ oficialurad CemTvis aravisaukrZalavs saqarTveloSi Camosvla,Tumca magrZnobinebdnen, rom CemiCamosvla da sazogadoebrivi aqtiurobaarasasurvelia, magram me arc mqoniaamis mcdeloba. saqme isaa, rom mTeliCemi sazogadoebriv-politikuri saqmi-anoba ganpirobebuli iyo qarTul-afx-azuri da qarTul-osuri konfliqtebispozitiuri gadawyvetis imediT. poli-tikisgan meti araferi mWirdeboda.2008 wlis agvistoSi es imedi damem-sxvra da amitom davtove saqarTvelo.

ama wlis 14 marts me CamovfrindiTbilisSi da sasiamovnod gamikvirda,rom mesazRvrisTvis wardgenili pas-porti erTi wuTis Semdeg damibrunes.ukanaskneli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi esprocedura, rogorc wesi, grZeldeboda20-30 wuTs, xandaxan ki erTi saaTiTacWianurdeboda, Tu ver ukavSirdebodnenim pirs, romelsac hqonda ufleba CemiSemoSvebis an gasvlis nebarTva gaeca.es iyo Zalze damamcirebeli. me,saqarTvelos moqalaqes, mWirdebodaviRacis nebarTva sakuTar qveyanaSiSemosasvlelad! madloba RmerTs, esfaSisturi wesebi, romlebic moqmedebdaCemTan dakavSirebiT jer kidev Se-vardnaZis droidan, gauqmebulia!

_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad sworiais pirveli nabijebi, romlebic ganax-orciela premierma ivaniSvilma ruseT-Tan dakavSirebiT?

_ am nabijebis efeqturobaze la-paraki naadrevia, isini ufro simbolurixasiaTisaa, magram ukve kargia, romCvenma mmarTvelma wreebma uari Tqvesbriyvul, agresiul da Seuracxmyofelritorikaze, miaRwies garkveulekonomikur SeTanxmebas, ase Tu isegamococxlda kulturuli urTierTo-bebic.

ra Tqma unda, axali xelisuflebiswarmomadgenlebi agrZeleben uazrodemagogias `natoSi male Sesvlis~Taobaze, èvrokavSirSi integraciaze~

da sxva politikur atributikaze,romelic damaxasiaTebelia dasavleTisTanamedrove koloniebisTvis, magramruseTis mxare amas saTanado gagebiTunda miudges. saqarTveloSi xomdamkvidrda raRac maxinji orxelisu-flebianoba, romelsac amerikelebiTavgamodebiT icaven. biZina ivaniSvils,Zalianac rom undodes (me amaze jerver vimsjeleb), ar SeuZlia gaakeTosmkveTri moZraobebi: parlamentSia `nac-moZraobis~ soliduri warmomadgenlo-ba, aranakleb soliduria `nacionaleb-Tan~ suliT monaTesave partiebis dep-utaciac, romelic jerjerobiTivaniSvilis koaliciaSi imyofeba, ma-gram, `nacionalebis~ msgavsad, mTlianadkontrolirebadia amerikelebis mxri-dan.

ivaniSvilis politikuri baza Zalzemwiria. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebis umravlesobas, sasamarTlosistemas, rig wamyvan masobrivi infor-maciis saSualebas Zveleburad akon-trolebs saakaSvilis jgufi. da amyvelafris ukan aSS-is elCis fxizeliTvalia. ivaniSvili kargad romc ac-nobierebdes (da me minda, amismjerodes), rom Cveni mTavari, sasic-ocxlo problemebi _ konfliqtebisdaregulireba da erovnuli ekonomikisSeqmna _ pirdapiraa damokidebuliruseTTan mWidro urTierTobaze, ismainc iZulebulia, gaiTvaliswinossaqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli ZalTaTanafardoba.

_ batono aleqsandre, TqvenmSvenivrad iciT, rom arc erTiqarTveli ar Seurigdeba teritori-uli mTlianobis dakargvas. SeuZliaTu ara saqarTvelos, arc Tu iseSoreul momavalSi gadawyvitos essakiTxi ruseTis ignorirebiTa daaSS-is, evropisa da natos imedzeyofniT?

_ Cven SegviZlia ar SevurigdeTteritoriuli mTlianobis rRvevas, ma-gram amiT is ver gamTliandeba. ocwelze metia, gamovxatavT `Seurige-blobas~ natos, aSS-s, evrokavSiris mi-Tiuri daxmarebisa Tu abstraqtulimsoflio Tanamegobrobis mxardaWerisada sxva absurduli iluziebis imediT.sazogadoeba wamoego xelisuflebisam ankesze, im xelisuflebis, romelicamgvari frazeologiiT faravda kon-

fliqtis daregulirebis survilisuqonlobas da uunarobas.

Cven vxedavdiT, rom wlebis gan-mavlobaSi am konfliqtebis mogvarebisproblemebiT dakavebulni iyvnen adami-anebi, romlebsac aravin icnobda arcmoskovSi, arc soxumSi, arc cxinvalSi,TbilisSic ki maT mxolod Tana-partielTa viwro wre Tu icnoboda!ra Sedegi unda moetana maT moR-vaweobas?! samwuxarod, mdgomareoba amTvalsazrisiT jer ar Secvlila.

axali xelisufleba deklarirebsTavis swrafvas dialogisken, magramefeqturi dialogi, konkretuliwinadadebebi, moqmedebis realuri pro-gramebi jer ar Cans. miaqcieT yu-radReba: politikis dasavluri veq-toriT dakavebulni arian premier-min-istri, parlamentis Tavmjdomare, mTelirigi saparlamento komitetebi, spe-cialurad Seqmnili miTiuri`Crdiloatlantikuri da evropuli in-tegraciis~ saministroebi, asobiT gu-luxvad dafinansebuli arasamTavroboorganizacia, xolo afxazebTan da os-ebTan urTierTobebisTvis arsebobs mx-olod reintegraciis saministro, rom-lis marto dasaxelebac ki gamoricxavsdialogs!

araa gasakviri, rom am struqturis`daZabuli moRvaweobis~ produqti gax-da ministris mier gamocxadebuli re-cepti: Cven avaSenebT iseT ganviTarebuldemokratiul saxelmwifos, rom afx-azebi da osebi Tavad gvTxoven Se-mosvlas saqarTvelos Semadgenloba-Sio. bunebrivia, aseTi midgomiT pro-gresis miRweva SeuZlebelia.

axlaxan qarTul presaSi gamovediwinadadebiT, rom afxazeTTan, samxreToseTTan, ruseTTan, maT SorisCrdilokavkasiur respublikebTanurTierTobebi realurad aviyvanoTsaxelmwifo politikis umaRles rangSi.me vTvli, rom am uaRresad saWirosaqmisTvis aucilebelia gamoviyenoTprezidentis posti, romelic male gamo-Tavisufldeba. axal prezidents undadaevalos politikis am mimarTulebiTarsebuli problemebis gadawyveta.

TavisTavad, es ukve aRar iqneba iskomfortuli Tanamdeboba, romelicevropul dedaqalaqebSi uazro xe-tialisa da brtyel-brtyeli laparakissaSualebas iZleoda. axal prezidentsmouwevs Casvla soxumSi, gudauTaSi,cxinvalSi; aucileblad _vladikavkazSi, maikopSi, groznoSi, nal-CikSi, maxaCkalaSi da, ra Tqma unda,moskovSi.

Tu es iqneba misaRebi adamiani mim-Rebi mxarisTvis, maSin is, rogorc maR-ali saxelmwifo statusis mqone dakvalificiuri gundis myoli piri, pre-mier-ministrTan mWidro TanamSromlo-biT SeZlebs am sasicocxlodmniSvnelovani mimarTulebiT garRvevas.garRvevad mimaCnia sazRvrebis gaxsna,saerTo ekonomikuri da humanitarulisivrcis Seqmna muSaxelisa da saqonlisTavisufali gadaadgilebiT, kerZosakuTrebis uflebis sayovelTao aRi-arebiT.

esaubra fridon doCia

“tjsdywjmj!jt!lj!bs!bsjt-!spn!nfhsvmbe!mbqbsblpcfo-!bsbnfe!jtbb-!spn!ebobsDfonb!rbsUwfmfcnb!bs!wjdjU!nfhsvmj!fob” `!blblj!Tboj[f

agvistos omi iyo Tavdajerebuli da dausjelobiT gaTavxedebuli aramzadebis sisxliani avantiura!

ilori2 16-23 dekemberi 2014

qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi moix-senieba sofeli caiSis da Caisis for-miT. T. beraZis msjelobiT, adgilisTavdapirveli saxelwodeba ,,caiSi“ me-grulSi unda Secvliliyo rogorcCaisi. am ukanasknels ki xalxur mety-velebaSi gavrcelebul formad miiCnevs(beraZe sigk, IV, 1971: 59). magram saqmeisaa, rom xalxur metyvelebasa da si-tyvierebaSi soflis saxelwodeba ,,Cai-sis“ formiT ar dasturdeba. oikonimisadgilobrivi araoficialuri variantiace(i)Si. kaxaTis TemSi Semaval sofelscaiSurkaxaTi//ceiSurkaxaTi erqva (sof.oqtombris uwindeli saxelwodeba). p.cxadaias WiTawyaris TemSi, caiSissazRvarTan mdebare vake-maRlobissaxelwodebad Cawerili aqvs toponimicaiSe(n)weri//ceiS(iS)enweri (cxadaia II,2007: 372). sofeli ,,caiSis“ formiTmoixsenieba Sua saukuneebis istoriulwyaroebsa da XIX saukunis saarqivodokumentebSic. 1271-1289 wlebs SorisSedgenil e. w. ,,sapatiJos dawerilSi“moixsenieba caiSis RvTismSobeli dacaiSeli episkoposi.

vaxuStis cnoba caiSis adgilmdeba-reobis Sesaxeb arasworia. caiSi, mar-Talia, ,,xofis“ CrdiloeTiT mdeba-reobs, magram ara Waniswylis xeobaSi,aramed Waniswyal-enguris Suamdina-reTSi, ufro zustad – CxouSiis marc-xena Senakadis – jumis orive napirze(CxouSia Tavis mxriv enguris marcxenaSenakadia). zugdids daSorebulia 10km-iT, mis samxreT-dasavleTiT, da z. d.50 m-ze mdebareobs. sofelSi mdgariqarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis unikaluriZegli – sataZro kompleqsi aerTianebssamsarTulian cokolze mdgar RvTism-Soblis gumbaTovan taZars, orsarTu-lian samreklosa da episkoposTaTvisgankuTvnil rezidencia-palats. caiSistaZari marTlac ,,keTilSenia“ da ,,Sem-kuli“. misi aSenebis TariRze sxvadasxvamosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. caiSis taZrisvrceli mecnieruli aRweriloba mo-cemulia eqvTime TayaiSvilis naSromSi.misi aRweriT, saSualo zomisa daTlili qviT agebuli taZris kedlebsada gumbaTs etyoba mravaljer gadake-Teba, ris gamoc CuqurTmiani qvebi erT-maneTSia areuli. es sakvirvelic araa,vinaidan cnobilia, rom miwisZvriT ram-denjerme dangreuli eklesia kvlavaRudgeniaT, magram aRmosavleTi mxarisqvemo nawils, gansakuTrebiT sakurT-xevels, uZvelesi droidan SeuryevladmouRwevia da gadakeTeba ar ganucdia.eklesiis kedlebis uZvelesi naSTebi,sakurTxeveli, TaRebi da fanjrebisCuqurTmebi did mecniers afiqrebinebda,rom Tavdapirveli eklesia am adgilasara ugvianes XI–XII ss-Si unda aSene-buliyo (TayaiSvili 1913-1914: 163-164).

parmen zaqaraias mosazrebiT, axlan-del taZarSi CarTuli adrefeodalurixanis bazilikis naSTi adasturebs, romcaiSis saepiskoposo iTvleboda egris-lazeTis pirvel saepiskoposoTa rigSida, igi, cxadia, VII s-ze adre daarsebu-lad unda miviCnioT. mravaljer gada-keTebul taZars, aRniSnavs p. zaqaraia,Cvenamde metad saxecvlilad mouRwevia,Tavdapirveli bazilika ki aRmdgenelostats XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijnis gum-baTovan taZarSi CaurTavs (zaqaraia№2, 2003: 7-9). Tamar xundaZem caiSissamreklos filaze gamosaxuli arqi-teqturuli detalebisa da eklesiisgamosaxulebis formis gaanalizebiTZegli X s. II naxevriTa da XI s. dasa-wyisiT daaTariRa. mkvlevaris Sexedu-lebiT aRniSnuli detali CarTuliunda yofiliyo Sverilafsidiani ekle-siis fasadze. es eklesia idga axlan-deli RvTismSoblis taZris adgilasda misi naSTebi amJamad mTavari taZrisaRmosavleT mxareSia moqceuli (xun-daZe №4, 1988: 24, 29).

IV. 6. 2. zugdidi. vaxuStis cnobazugdidis did velze mdebareobis Se-saxeb sinamdviles Seefereba. zugdidigaSenebulia CxouSiis orive mxares,odiSis dablobze, da caiSs 10 km-iTaris daSorebuli. dadianTa ,,didSenida palatebiani, zRude-godliani“ sa-saxlis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdisagreTve saxelovani mecnieris wina-morbedi italieli misioneri arqan-

jelo lamberti (lamberti 2011: 55). mi-sioner kristoforo kastelis CanaxatismixedviT, romelic 1634 wlidan moRva-weobda samegreloSi, gveZleva SesaZ-lebloba, rom warmodgena viqonioTzugdidis dadianiseuli sasaxlis ga-regnul iersaxeze (kasteli 1976: 172,sur. 445). irkveva, rom zugdidi sarezi-dencio punqtad gadaqceula XVII sau-kuneSi, kerZod, levan II dadianis mTa-vrobis periodSi. amis Sesaxeb gvauwyebslambertis Tanamedrove judiCe mila-neli, Tavis relaciaSi: ,,samegrelosqalaqi ar gaaCnia. aqaa mxolod erTisasaxle, romelic dRevandeli mTavrislevan dadianis mieraa aSenebuli“ (mi-laneli 1964: 84-85). judiCe aq sworedzugdidis sasaxles gulisxmobs.

dadianis rezidenciaze cnobebi da-culia mogviano xanis (XIX s.) wya-roebSic. frangi mogzaurisa da vaWris– Jak fransua gambas mogzaurobis Ca-nawerebSi (XIX s. 20-iani wlebi) vkiTxu-lobT: ,,mTavari dadiani zugdidSi imsasaxleSi cxovrobs, sadac Sardenianamyofi“ (gamba, 1987: 114). cnobil ger-manel mecnier-mogzaurs moric vagnersmounaxulebia dadianis rezidenciazugdidSi. igi gvauwyebs, rom zugdidi,,esaa qveynis Zveli dedaqalaqi Cexnias(Tschechnia?) napiras mdebare, romelicjunisTan SeerTebis Semdeg engurSiCaedineba. zugdidi ZvelTaganve iyosamegrelos mflobelTa mTavari re-zidencia“ (iqve: 140-141, 142-143). ,,Cexnia“CxouSias damaxinjebuli formaa, xolo,,juni“ igive md. jumia.

zugdidis Sesaxeb cnobebis marTe-bulobis miuxedavad vaxuSti arafersambobs macxovris saxelobis gumbaTiantaZarze, rac dgas mancxvarkaris ubanSi.eqvTime TayaiSvili taZars Tavisi sti-liT, CuqurTmebiTa da momrgvalebulisakurTxevliT XIII-XIV ss-iT aTari-Rebda (TayaiSvili 1913-1914: 193). d. baq-raZe da T. beraZe aRniSnul taZars XVs-Si agebulad miiCnevdnen (Бакрадзе I,1875: 73; beraZe).

TviT zugdidi gviani Sua saukuneebisaraerT istoriul wyaroSi gvxvdeba.pirveli qarTuli werilobiTi doku-menti, sadac es punqti moixsenieba, aris1621 wels Sedgenili ,,afxazeTis saka-Talikozo gamosavali mosakreblobisdavTari“, sadac vkiTxulobT: ,,ariszugdids ivanaia, marTebs...“ (qsZ III, 1970:419). zugdidi aRniSnulia 1654 welsSedgenil laTinurenovan rukaze, kris-toforo kastelis rukasa da Canaxa-tebze da timoTe gabaSvilis mier 1737wels Sedgenil lixT-imereTis rukaze(,,zubdidi“). saxelwodeba orjergvxvdeba imereTis mefis – solomon I-is 1778-1779 wlebis dokumentebSi. zub-diTis formiT moixsenieba ruxis brZo-laSi nadavli zarbaznis lulaze Ses-rulebul warweraze (1780 w.). XVI s.odiSis ambebis aRwerisas zugdids ax-senebs vaxtang VI-is mier Seqmnili,,mecnier kacTa“ komisia, romelmac beriegnataSvilis meTaurobiT XIV-XVIIIsaukuneebis saqarTvelos istoria Sead-gina. mematianis TqmiT, qarTlis mefesimonTan ofSkviTSi gamarTuli brZo-lis dros odiSis mTavar dadiansdarCa zarbazani da ,,ars zugdids, daudides zarbazani erTi ars ruxs dRe-saca“ (,,q. cx.“ II, 1959: 361, 503, 533).odiSis mTavari levan II dadiani 1611da 1636 wlebis ambebis daxasiaTebisasorjer moixseniebs zugdids iloriswm. giorgis xatis warweraSi, rac 1651welsaa Sesrulebuli (javaxiSvili IV,1967: 376, 380; paWkoria 1974: 50).

toponim ,,zugdidis“ paralelurad,XVIII saukunidan, werilobiT wyaroebSimkvidrdeba ,,zubdidi“ forma, rac XIXs-is I naxevris Semdeg aRar ixsenieba(paWkoria 1974: 49, 51). germaneli mog-zauri giuldenStedti, odiSis sofle-bis CamonaTvalSi asaxelebs zubdids(giuldenStedti 1962: 324). ufro adre,rusi elCebi – Tedore elCini dapavle zaxarevi odiSSi mogzaurobisaRwerilobaSi (1639-1640 ww.) monastrissaxelwodebad miuTiTeben ,,zubdidsa“da ,,zukdits“: ,,Мая въ18 де нас ЛевонтейЧарь Шуаскова(Хомского-) манастыря взял взубдиди к себе-334 ст (Посольство 1888:334).

toponimis adgilobrivi araoficia-luri variantia zugidi, rac miRebuliaori erTnairi bgeridan (d-d) erT-erTis dakargvis gziT (cxadaia II, 2007:14). aRniSnuli forma dasturdeba me-gruli xalxuri sityvierebis masaleb-Sic (samuSia 1971: 18, 74, 83, 100, 120; misive1990: 115; canava 1990: 248).

,,zugdidis“ etimologiiT sxvadasxvadros araerTi mkvlevari dainterese-bula (diubua de monpere, niko mari,karl hani, mari brose, pl. ioseliani,d. baqraZe, l. cxakaia, c. qiria, m. paWko-ria, S. mesxia, a. tuRuSi, p. cxadaia, g.bedoSvili, q. lomTaTiZe, z. WumburiZe,S. gogatiSvili, r. erisTavi...). umrav-lesoba miiCnevs, rom saxelwodeba war-moqmnilia “zurg” sityvisagan, xolodidi sazRvruli zedsarTavia (Sdr.zendidi, Wyondidi, Raldidi, skurdidi.)toponimis warmoSobis istorias pir-velad Seexo frangi mogzauri da mec-nieri diubua de monpere. man toponimisamosaval sityvad zubi miiCnia. amasTa-nave, Tavisi mosazrebis gasamyarebladZvel dokumentebSi saxelwodebis zub-didis saxiT moxsenieba daasaxela daiqve dasZina, rom adgilobrivi mosax-leobac mas zufus (<–zubus) uwodeb-dao. ,,...namdvilad ucnaur saxels zufus(Zouphou).. ueWvelad kavSiri aqvs zub-didTan da zugdidTan (Zoubdidi et Zoug-didi), didi zubu, zubi (begrandezoubou,Zoup), samegrelos dadianebisrezidenciasTan“ (Dubois 1839: 248). esmosazreba mogvianebiT gaiziara dadamatebiTi masaliT ganavrco prof.SoTa mesxiam (mesxia III, 1986: 263-270).

niko mari toponim ,,zugdidSi“skuT//skviT eTnonimisagan momdinaresatomo saxelis – sgus saxesxvaobas –sug-s varaudobda, saidanac unda mig-veRo sug-da, sugu-da formebi. da- ele-ments mravlobiTi ricxvis aRmniSvne-lad miiCnevda. fuZeSi s- Tanxmovnisz- Tanxmovnad gamJRerebisa da megrulienisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Cveulebrividisimilaciis (u-u-s gadasvla u-i-Si)Sedegad suguda formidan saboloodunda migveRo zugid(a)i ––> zugidi//zug-didi (Марр V, 1935: 31, SeniSvna 2).

mkvlevarTa Soris pirvelma maribrosem qalaqis pirvandeli mdgoma-reobisa da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom,,mancxvarkaris“ teritoria marTlacdidi borcvis STabeWdilebas tovebs,toponim ,,zugdidis“ pirveli nawilis,,zug“-is amosaval formad ,,dazvinulimiwis“, ,,didi borcvis“ aRmniSvneli,,zurgi“ miiCnia (Brosset 1849, I: 20;Sdr. mesxia III, 1986: 264). broses aRniS-nuli mosazreba gaiziara platon io-selianmac. misi msjelobiTac ,,saxel-wodeba zugdidi wminda qarTulia. isSedgeba sityvebisagan ,,zurgi“ da,,didi“, rac niSnavs did maRlobs, andaabsoluturad maRal zurgs. aseTiveafaqtiurad adgilmdebareoba ,,zugdidi“.zugdidis adgilmdebareoba aris yve-laze maRali da aRmosavleTiT misierTi uZvelesi kvartali ekvris macxo-vris kars... rogorc kedels, romelicswrafad maRldeba qalaqis erTi nawi-lidan (ssm xelnawerTa fondi, №3070,311; citireba l. cxakaias naSromidan:ix. cxakaia ,,mebrZoli“, №117, 1958: 4).

,,zugdidis“ ,,zurg-didisagan“ war-momavlobis Tvalsazrisi gaiziara di-mitri baqraZemac da aRniSna, rom sityvazurgdidis anu zugdidis warmoqmnismizezia axali zugdidis maxloblad,vake adgilas aRmarTuli didi gora.broses azriT, ,,zugdidi“ (zurg-didi)igivea, rac ,,didi ferdobi, anu sxvagva-rad ,,didi gora“ (Бакрадзе 1875: 56).

k. hanis varaudiT zug arabuladigive ,,bazaria“. aqedan gamomdinare,zugdidi unda gaviazroT, rogorc,,didi bazario“ (СМОМПК 40, 1909: 63).mkvlevari iZleva gansxvavebul varaud-sac. kerZod, zugdidi igivea, rac zurg-didi (большая спина, большой хребет) damniSvnelobiT meore cnobil toponims– ozurgeTs ukavSirebs (iqve: 63).

q. lomTaTiZis mosazrebiT, zubdid-zugdidis formebis amosavali zugv-didi toponimis tradiciul gagebas –,,borcv-dids“, ,,zugv-dids“ miesadageba(lomTaTiZe 1984: 9, SeniSvna 12). es mo-sazreba mogvianebiT gaiziara guram

bedoSvilmac da aRniSna, rom toponimisamosavalia qarTveluri zug-//zugv- si-tyva, rac ,,borcvs“, ,,goraks“, ,,SemaRle-bul adgils“ niSnavs. ,,rogorc vxedavT,– daaskvnis mkvlevari, – sakmao safuZ-veli arsebobs imisaTvis, rom zug-didi gaviazroT rogorc ,,borcvdidi“,,,adgili, sadac sxva borcvTagan gansx-vavebuli maRali zugi (borcvi idga)“(an dgas)“ (bedoSvili I, 2001: 164).

m. paWkoriam angariSgasawevad miiCniatoponimis dakavSireba simagris aRm-niSvnel sityvasTan – ,,zugi“, agreTve,,zugia-didis“ varianti. misi azriT,wyaroebi ar adasturebs zugdidis mi-damoebSi didi simagris arsebobas, ma-gram SesaZlebelia saxelwodeba dau-kavSirdes aq macxovris eklesiis daar-sebis istorias. sulxan-saba ,,zugias“ganmartavs rogorc ,,sakmevels“. sa-fiqrebelia, daaskvnis l. cxakaias mo-sazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT mkvlevari,am adgilze eklesiis agebamde mowyo-bili yofiliyo maxlobel samlocve-loebs Soris sididiT gamorCeulisamlocvelo, e. i. zugia didi (paWkoria,1974: 51-52; Sdr. cxakaia ,,mebrZoli“,№117, 1958: 4).).

toponim ,,zugdidis“ Sesaxeb gamoTq-muli mosazrebebis mimoxilvas isaxavsmiznad ab. tuRuSis werili, sadac war-modgenilia damatebiTi masala im Tval-sazrisis gasamyareblad, rom ,,zugdi-dis“ amosavalia ,,borcvis“ aRmniSvnelizug-//zurg- sityva (tuRuSi I, 1987: 158-164).

zuga, zugu, zurga megrulSi aRniSnavs,,borcvs, goraks, qeds, miwazvinuls, Se-maRlebul adgils“. a. qobalias ,,me-gruli leqsikonis“ mixedviT zurgale,zurgule igivea, rac ,,borcvaki“; amas-Tanave, zurgas erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa,,cixe-simagre SemaRlebaze“. imave leq-sikonSi mocemulia Semdegi ganmarte-bebi: ,,zubi borcvi, goraki; mTis uRranitye“; ,,zugi sakmeveli“ da ,,zugia sa-sakmevle“ (qobalia 2010: 311).

Cven im azrisa varT, rom toponim,,zugdidis“ amosavali unda iyos borc-vis, SemaRlebuli adgilis, miwazvinulisaRmniSvneli sityva zuga, rac xSiradfigurirebs samegrelos toponimiaSi.zugdidi ,,didi borcvi“ im seris uwin-deli saxelwodeba unda yofiliyo,rac qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi mde-bareobs da dRes ,,mancxvarkarad“ iwo-deba, masze agebuli macxovris eklesiisgamo. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba,rom ,,Zveli zugdidi momaRlo adgilze,gorakzed iyo gaSenebuli, axali kidablobzea“ (TayaiSvili 1913-1914: 193).

mikrotoponimiaSi dasturdeba oriveforma – ,,zugdidi“, ,,zugidi“: zugdi-diSara – gza ingiridan zugdidisaken;zugidurkaxaTi // didkaxaTi – sof.kaxaTis uwindeli saxelwodeba; zug-didi // zugidi – borcvi inCxurSi(martvilis municip.).

IV. 7. Waniswylis xeobaIV. 7. 1. hidronimi ,,Waniswyali“.

xeTis aRweris Semdeg vaxuSti aRniS-navs, rom mis CrdiloeTiT ,,dis Waniswyali, wodebuli Welenjixis gamo. ga-mosdis masve kavkassa da dis aRmosav-lidam dasavleTad, da mierTvis zRuasxofs. am mdinaris CdiloT kerZoT,zRvs kidezed ars xofi. aqa arseklesia gumbaTiani, keTilSeni da Sem-kuli. aq eklesiasa Sina msuenarebs pe-rangi yovlad wmidis RvTismSoblisa,saswaulTmoqmedi. am wyalzed, Cdiloskidesa zeda da xofs zeiT, ars eklesiaCaiss, didi, gunbaTiani, keTilSeni, daSemkuli. zis episkopozi, mwyemsi am wy-lis samxreTis kerZosi unagiramde dariona-zRuamde. amav mdinaris CdiloTkerZod dids velsa zeda ars zugdidi,sasaxle dadianTa, didSeni da palate-biani, zRude-godliani. am zugdidisaRmosavliT, mTis Zirzed, ars Welen-jixi, eklesia gumbaTiani, didSenoba,Suenieri, keTils adgils. zis episko-pozi, mwyemsi Wanis mdinarisa da dadismdinaris Sorisis adgilTa, kavkasidamzRuamde“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973: 778).

igor kekelia,(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

samegrelosa (odiSis) da afxazeTis istoriuli geografiavaxuSti bagrationis naazrevSi da Tanamedrove istoriografia

ilori 316-23 dekemberi 2014

ese ambavi emzar kvicianisa da nacprokuraturis xelisbiW biWiasiroca anzor kvicianis saqmes vecnobi,

erTi Zveli anekdoti maxsendeba. sammamegobarma iuridiuli fakulteti daam-Tavres _ erTi maTgani prokurori gaxda,meore _ mosamarTle, mesame ki advokati.moxda ise, rom samivem erT proceszemoiyara Tavi, sadac osi erovnebis moq-alaqes asamarTlebdnen. prokurormabraldebulisaTvis moiTxova 15 weli,advokatma misi gamarTlebis moTxovnadaayena, mosamarTlem ki rva weli miusa-ja. ekiTxeba mosamarTle oss: bolo si-tyvas xom ar ityvio.

_ rogor ar vityvi! _ aRSfoTda osi,_ Tqven, kaco, erTi wigniT ara swavlob-diT, aseTi rame rom dammarTeTo!

emzar kvicianis saqmis prokurorsTengiz xarebavas da mosamarTle SoTabiWias ara mgonia saerTod hqondeTwigni wakiTxuli, razedac aSkarad me-tyvelebs emzar kvicianisaTvis maT miermoTxovnil-misjili ganaCeni _ 12 weli.

me ara var iuristi da amitom vsaub-rob saqmis moralur da zneobriv aspeq-tebze, romlis Taobaze, rogorc Cans,mosamarTle biWias elementaruli war-modgenac ki ar gaaCnia.

jer kidev nacionalebis dros emzarkvicians prokuratura saxelmwifos wi-naaRmdeg amboxebasa da SeiaraRebulidajgufebis SeqmnaSi adanaSaulebda.

waeTren nacionalebi da gagvixarda,rom maTi mZime memkvidreoba warsulsCabarda, magram, Turme zugdidSi sulsxvagvarad yofila saqme da prokura-tura da sasamarTlo, romelic rolandaxalaias xelsaxocs warmoadgendnen,dResac ganabulebi arian nacebis dab-runebis molodinSi da yvelafers ake-Teben saimisod, rom sazogadoeba daab-nion da daaSinon _ aqaoda, male dagvib-rundebian saakaSvil-axalaiebi da ramear SegeSaloTo!

diax, swored ase fiqrobs zugdidisraionis mosamarTle SoTa biWia, romelmacaSkarad sadisturi principuloba gamo-avlina da kvicians 12 wliT patimrobamiusaja. (diax, sadisturi, amxanago biWiada me xSirad vixmar Tqveni misamarTiTimgvar epiTetebs, rom gaiZuloT sasa-marTloSi Civili, sadac iolad davamt-kiceb, rom qarTul sasamarTlo sistemaSiTqveni adgili ar aris!)

diax, rogorc evraziis institutisdireqtorma gulbaT WavWavaZem aRniSna,Tqvens mier gamotanili sadisturi sas-jeli gaocebas ar unda iwvevdes, mera-biSvili-axalaiasadmi gamotanili sasa-cilo vadebis fonze da miT umetesmaSin, roca iseTi zogadsakacobrio da-naSaulisaTvis, rogoricaa adamianebiswameba, sadist da sulian-xorcianad ga-dagvarebul megis qardavas samweliwad-naxevars usjian Tqveni kolegebi.

Tqven latenturi nacionalic araxarT _ Tqven xarT adamianis saxeda-karguli nacionali, aseve adamianis sa-xedakarguli roland axalaiasa daklinikuri giJis mixeil saakiancis yur-moWrili mona, uprincipo goSia, romelickudis qiciniT cdilobs Tavisi bato-nebis keTilganwyobis mopovebas! Tqvenaxlac Tavis nebaze gatarebT mkvlelTaojaxis mama _ roland axalaia, magrammale dadgeba 2013 wlis Tebervali daCveni Tvalsawieridan gadaiTesleba sa-qarTvelos istoriaSi politikuradyvelaze angaJirebuli da yvelaze ma-xinji mosamarTle kote kublaSvilida, eWvi ar mepareba, rom Tqvennairiunebisyofo da monuri suliskveTebismqone mosamarTleebic mas gahyvebianTan, rogorc simyralis gamonabolqviSavi Sleifi.

kidev erTxel gimeorebT _ sasamarT-lo sistemaSi Tqveni adgili ar aris!

me ukve aRaraferi mikvirs, miT umetesim qveyanaSi, sadac erTsulovnad arCeuliprezidentis nacvlad latenturi na-cionali SegrCeba xelSi. aba, aseT sa-zogadoebaSi araadeqvaturi da angaJi-rebuli mosamarTliT vin gaocdeba?

aravin!ar vici qarTulad rogor vTqva,

magram rusebs aqvT sityva “предвзятость”,rac niSnavs im mosamarTlis pozicias,romelsac ganaCeni ukve gamotanili aqvsda yasidad atarebs sasamarTlo sxdo-mas.

swored amas magonebs Tqveni saqcieli,amxanago biWia!

amxanago biWia, Sen saakaSvil-adeiSvi-lis mier Seqmnili maxinj sasamarTlo

sistemis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelixar, romelic monur morCilebaSi imyo-feboda prokuraturis winaSe da, marTa-lia, axalma xelisuflebam moganiWa Ta-visufleba, magram imdenad damaxinjebuligaqvs mentaliteti, rom am Tavisuflebasboroti saqmeebisaTvis iyeneb da dasruliad usamarTlo gadawyvetilebebiTcdilob sazogadoebis nihilizmi gaaRr-mavo arsebuli xelisuflebis mimarT!

magram, garwmuneb, araferi gamogivaT,radgan Tqvens maxinj sistemas qarTvelmaxalxma saboloo ganaCeni gamoutana daTqvennairebis saqarTvelos xelisufle-baSi meored mosvla iseTive utopiuria,rogorc ori wlis micvalebulis ga-cocxleba!

rac Seexeba emzar kvicianTan dakav-Sirebul saqmes, igi moralurad aSkaradamazrzenia _ asamarTleb da Tan 12 we-liwads usji saakaSvilis reJimTan mebr-Zol qarTvel kacs, adamians, romelicsakuTari sicocxlis riskis fasad Tor-meti weli inaxavda dalis ulamazesxeobas. Tqvens mier gamotanili sasje-lic umniSvnelovanes politikur dat-virTvas atarebs. gasagebia, rom dasav-leTis zewolis qveS biZina ivaniSvilmaxelSeuxeblad datova miSisturi sasa-marTlo, Tavis kublaSvilianad. asevearaferi uRonia RaribaSvils, am mimar-TulebiT. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlos mxri-dan emzar kvicianisaTvis gamamtyunebeliganaCenis gamotana da sadisturi sasje-li gaocebas ar unda iwvevdes, merabiS-vili-axalaiasadmi gamotanili sasacilosapatimro vadebis fonze.

magram iusticiis saministros daqvem-debarebuli prokuratura ratom ar iSu-rebs Zalas imisaTvis, rom kviciani gam-tyundes da yvelaze mZime braldebebidaudasturdes? sasamarTlosgan gansx-vavebiT, prokuraturaSi xom gatardamniSvnelovani sakadro cvlilebebi? gananebismieri prokurorisTvis kvicianisudanaSauloba cxadi ar aris? amitom,prokuratura (kerZos, saqmis prokurori,afxazeTis respublikis prokuraturisprokurori Tengiz xarebava) arRvevs ro-gorc iuridiul normebs, ise premier-mi-nistris politikuri interesebis wi-naaRmdeg midis. xom cxadia, rom kvicianisdasja, miT umetes, aseTi mkacri dasja,RaribaSvilis reitings gaanadgurebs. eski xdeba im fonze, rodesac RaribaSvilismTavrobas Riad daupirispirda iraklialasanias klani, nacur „SantrapasTan“erTad, romelTac, rogorc cnobilia,zurgs dasavleTis gavleniani politi-kosebi da specsamsaxurebi umagreben.Cven calke werils mivuZRvniT kvicianissaqmeze prokuraturis da konkretuladTengiz xarebavas uaryofiT rols damzis Suqze gamovitanT yvela im sibinZu-res, rac emzar kvicianis saqmes ukavSir-deba.

Sesabamisad, kvicianis saqme ar arismxolod misi da misi ojaxis problema,es aris didi politikuri problema,romelic Tavad RaribaSvilma unda ga-dawyvitos, radgan prokuraturisa dasasamarTlos warsulis gadmonaSTebmafaqtobrivad, RaribaSvils uTxres: „Senver marTav saqarTvelos!“

baton gulbaaT rcxilaZisa ar iyos,Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, premier-ministrmamZlavrad unda dahkras xeli nacur qve-warmavals da xerxemalSi gadatexosigi. Tqven gaasamarTleT is emzar kvi-ciani, romelsac wlebis ganmavlobaSiwesierad ar uZinia loginSi da tyeebSiaTen-aRamebda, raTa saqarTvelosaTvisdaenarCunebina misi ulamazesi isto-riuli dalis xeoba da amas akeTeb imnacionalTa saameblad, romelTac yve-laferi gaakeTs saimisod, rom qveyni-saTvis samudamod CamoeSorebinaT esistoriulad qarTuli mxare!

amxanago biWia, vidre Sen SennairiavismqmnelTagan madlobebs iReb kvi-cianis esoden dawixvlisaTvis, iliameorem emzar kvicians sakanSi jvari,locvebi da werili Seugzavna. amavedros, uwmindesma sTxova baton emzars,Sewyvitos SimSiloba, radgan fiqrobs,rom brZola samarTlebrivi gzebiT undagaagrZelos. Tavad emzari Tavs sustadgrZnobs, Tumca kontaqturia.

aba, rogor ar mimarTavs erovnul gmi-rad aRiarebuli kaci (ara Tqvennairebi-saTvis, amxanago biWia) ukidures zomas,roca mis mimarT ar arsebobs mtkicebu-lebebi, romelic wayenebul braldebas

daadasturebs da cixeSi gamoketiliamxolod Seni boroti nebiT.

jerjerobiT ki emzar kvicians pro-kuratura saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg am-boxebasa da SeiaraRebuli dajgufebisSeqmnaSi adanaSaulebs, rac sruli ab-surdi gaxlavT, radgan swored emzarkvicianis razmis ganiaraRebis SemdegSesZlo avadsaxsenebelma mixeil saa-kaSvilma, rom kodoris xeoba “langriT”mierTmia mowinaaRmdegisaTvis. ase rom,e.w. “kodoris saqmeze” gasasamarTlebe-lia pirwavardnili daSnaki mixeil saa-kaSvili (saakianci) da misi nacionaluribanda da ara emzar kviciani! axla maincTu xvdebi, vis mxareze dgaxar, Se sawyalobiWia? cxovreba arc dRes dawyebulada arc dRes mTavrdeba da amitom, eWviaravis epareba, rom Seni saqcieli sa-qarTvelos damaqcevarTa Soris migiCens“Rirseul” adgils, emzar kvicianisgangansxvavebiT, romelsac qarTveli eriukve aRiarebs erovnul gmirad.

Sen, biWia, braldebis mxaris arcerTiSuamdgomloba ar dagikmayofilebia.Tavdapirvelad emzar kvicianis advo-katma koba kobaxiZem SuamdgomlobiTmogmarTa saqmis masalebSi Sesuliyovinme petre deviSaZis gamokiTxvis oqmi,sadac is acxadebs, rom emzar kvicianislikvidacia yofili xelisuflebis pe-riodSi aWaris konstituciuri usafrT-xoebis dacvis departamentis maSindelixelmZRvanelis Teimuraz patariZis brZa-nebiT unda moexdina. deviSaZis mier da-weril CvenebaSi naTqvamia, rom brZanebisgacemis Semdeg aWaris kudis ufrosmaganumarta rom „davaleba zemodan, vanomerabiSvilisgan modioda“. likvidaciissanacvlod ki deviSaZe damkveTebisgan100 aTas dolars miiRebda. devisaZeskviciani moskovSi unda moekla. rogorcbraldebulis advokatebi yvebian devi-SaZe maT Tavad daukavSirda da mzadaiyo sasamarTlos gamokiTxvis oqmSi da-werili piradad moexsenebina.

am masalis saqmeSi Setanis uflebaadvokatebs ar mieci da ganacxade, romSuamdgomlobis wardgena procedurebisdarRveviT moxda. amis Semdeg advokatebmada braldebulma Seni acilebis Suamd-gomloba daayenes da ganacxades, romprokuraturis zemoqmedebis qveSa imyo-febiT da obieqtur WeSmaritebas verdaadgenT. Sen ki, biWia, sakuTari Tavisacilebis Suamdgomloba ar daakmayofi-le.

Sen sarwmunod miiRe viRac mowmeorenCi mirzoevis Cveneba, romelmac ga-nacxada, rom 2006 wlis kodoris speco-peraciis dros xeobaSi ganviTarebulimovlenebis gamo nerviulobis fonzeorsul meuRles muceli moeSala daCvili daeRupa (Tu muceli moeSala, or-suloba Seuwydeboda da ara Cvili da-eRupeboda. nuTu amgvar SeTxzul bral-debas ar mieci saTanado Sefaseba?). kvi-cianma am braldebas absurduli uwodada mirzoevs urCia ara misTvis aramedam specoperaciis damgegmavebisTvis eCiv-la. mowme marzoevis dakiTxvis drosdarbazSi myofma irakli baTiaSvilmaganacxada rom „mirzoevi kriminalurbandas emsaxureboda, saakaSvils, oqru-aSvils da merabiSvils.“ am wamoZaxilisSemdeg baTiaSvilma Tavdacvis yofilministr daviT TevzaZesTan da ramdenimedamswresTan erTad darbazi datova.mogvianebiT ki, Sen maT sasamarTloprocesidan gaZeveba gauforme.

ai, rogoria Seni WeSmariteba, amxanagobiWia!

ufro metic, mowmis saxiT dakiTxuliSinagan saqmeTa saministros aSkaradmikerZoebuli TanamSromlebi yovelgvaridasabuTebis gareSe acxadeben, rom kvi-cianis SeiaraRebuli dajgufebisgan mo-raluri ziani miadgaT. mowme giorgigafrindaSvilma sasamarTlos ganucxada,rom misTvis yvelaze didi ziani is iyo,rom kodorSi qarTveli qarTvels es-roda. kvicianis interesebis damcveliskiTxvaze ra kavSiri hqonda emzar kvi-cians am yvelaferTan da ra zianimiiRo piradad kvicianisgan gafrindaS-vilma ver upasuxa. mowmem ver gaixsenaramdeni samarTaldamcavi, ramdeni avto-manqaniT avida kodoris specoperaciisCasatareblad, kiTxvebis umetesobazemowme pasuxobda rom faqtebs ver ixse-nebda, razedac emzar kvicianma sasa-marTlos ganucxada, „es adamiani vera-fers ixsenebs, araferi ar axsovs garda

imisa, rom Turme me mivayene moraluriziani, me vfiqrob, rom es pirovneba sa-erTod ar imyofeboda kodorSi”. amisSemdeg mowmem kodoris geografiis mtki-ceba daiwyo da kvicians auxsna, Tusaidan Camoedineba mdinare kodori.

ver yofilxar mTlad gamWriaxi ada-miani, biWia (kargi iuristic rom veraxar, amaze, yvelaze TvalnaTliv, Senivesaqmeebi metyveleben), radgan ramdenimearamzada nacionalisaTvis kmayofilebismosagvrelad mTeli saqarTvelos qilikida apaTia daimsaxure.

me piradad arc Tqven gicnobT, amxa-nago biWia da arc emzar kvicians, magramkargad vicnob cxovrebis moralur dazneobriv aspeqtebs, vici, rodis SeiZlebada rodis ara sakuTari sindisis wi-naaRmdeg kompromisze wasvla da sworedamitom geubnebiT yvelas gasagonad, romSeni saqcieli amovardnilia yovelgvariiuridiuli, moraluri da zneobrivinormebidan da satanis msaxurebas ufromagonebs, vidre kanonisadmi Tundac brmamorCilebas!

amitom, Zmebo da debo zugdidelebo,ubrad auareT gverdi usamarTlo mosa-marTle biWias da prokuror Tengizxarbedias, ar miesalmoT maT, ar Camo-arTvaT xeli, ar dajdeT maTTan erTadsufrasTan, wyevla-krulva miayoleT maTnakvalevs, radgan amgvari suliskveTebismqone adamianebi namdvilad ar imsaxu-reben Tqvens keTilganwyobas!

rac Segexeba Sen, amxanagi biWia Cemiasakis adamians SvilisSvilad Tu ara,albaT Svilad mainc Seeferebi. magramnu gagikvirdeba Cemi gansakuTrebulisimkacre, radgan imgvar siborotes, racTqven CaidineT, sakuTar Svilsac ki arapatiebs normaluri adamiani.

roland jalaRania,gazeT “iloris” mTavari redaqtori,

“fazisi”-s da “aia”-s akademiebiswevri

werili minda gavasrulo cnobiliqarTveli Jurnalistisa da poetis,Rvawlmosili mecnieris baton aleq-sandre Sengelias gamoxmaurebiT:

ficis erTgulebamas, vinc iWerda nora kvicians,vinc cixes usjis emzar kvicians,msjavrs xalxi dasdebs,albaT, ician,rameTu xalxis fici mtkicea.vinc gagviyida dalis xeoba,mters rom msaxurebs,es raki viciT,erTguli aris mosaxleobaxatis winaSe naTqvami ficis!da gaerkveva, SoTa biWiasra principi da risi niWi aqvs,mosamarTle Tu „nacTa“ biWia?

rogorc gazeTi “ilori” jer kidevSarSan ityobineboda, _ saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarispirveli moadgile zaza meiSvili, romel-ic iusticiis sabWoSic TanamdebobiTmeore iyo, saqarTvelos erTiani na-cionaluri moZraobis warmomadgenleb-Tan erTad monawileobda evropis sax-alxo partiis umaRles forumSi.samwuxarod misi Tanamdebrobrivi sta-tusisaTvis am Seuferebel saqcielsiusticiis sabWosa da uzenaes sasamarT-loSi saTanado Sefaseba ar mohyolia.sulmnaTi vaJa-fSavelas Tqmisa ar iyos,„vai, egeTas samarTals!“

iseT pirobebSi, rodesac uSualoduzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaridan,baton kote kublaSvilidan dawyebuli,damTavrebuli mosamarTle SoTa biWiaTi,TiTqmis uklebliv yvela erTiani na-cionaluri partiis wevri an am partiiserTgulebaze ficdadebuli kadria, Sei-Zleba imis Tundac erTi fioris toliimedi gvqondes, rom daculi iqneba wmidamefis – daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi,rom „msajuli marTlada sjides?“

es SeuZlebelia da ukve dadasturdaim farsiT, romelic nacional samar-TaldamcvelTa „duetma“ – prokurormada mosamarTlem graalis Tasis erTgulimcvelis – emzar kvicianis procesze“samarTali” cinikurad gaiTamaSes da12 weliwadi miusajes WeSmaritaderovnul gmirs, radgan saqarTvelos 12weliwads SeunarCuna dalis xeoba!

aleqsandre Sengelia


`georgikis” meore tomis Studire-bisas uneburad wignis boloSi sakuTarsaxelTa saZiebelSi wavawydi topon-imebs: lisiri (nosiri) da losorioni(nosiri) (ix.georgika, 1965, 314).

georgika, bizantieli mwerlebiscnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, tomimeore, teqstebi qarTuli TargmaniTurTgamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simonyauxCiSvilma, meore Sevsebuli gamocema,gamomcemloba `mecniereba”, Tbilisi1965.

Zalian gamixarda Cemi mSobliurisoflis saxelis xseneba am didadmniSvnelovan gamocemaSi. Semdgom, rode-sac Sesabamisi gverdebi wavikiTxe, aR-moCnda, rom baton sim. yauxCiSvilsstatiac ki miuZRvnia CvenTvis sain-tereso toponimisaTvis saTauriT`nosiris berZnuli warwera” (ix. TsuSromebi, t. XVIII, 1941, 141-147).

Cven saqarTvelos parlamentiserovnul biblioTekaSi mivakvlieT amSromebis XVIII toms saidanac moviyvanTamonaridebs:

`prokopi kesarieli Tavis narkvevSiDE aedificiis ixsenebs ̀ losorionis” cix-es, romelic iustiniane mefes (527-565)augia lazeTSi” _ Semdeg moyvaniliaberZnuli teqsti da misi qarTuliTargmani: `lazikis miwa-wyalzec aago[iustinianem] erTi cixe, saxelad loso-rioni, da am qveyanaSi viwrobebic gaam-agra, romelTac Cveulebriv, klisurebseZaxian...”, amis Semdeg yauxCiSvili wers:ìgive punqti unda igulisxmebodesiustinianes XXXI novelaSi, sadac sxvacixe-simagreebs Soris, romlebic 532wels zaviT bizantiam ukan daibrunairanelebisgan, dasaxelebulia agreTve,Λυσίρίs. lazeTSi mdebareobso _ naTq-vamia novelaSi. Semdgom modisberZnuli teqsti da misi yaux-CiSviliseuli Targmani: àrqeopolisida rodopolisi, udidesi da Zvelisimagreebi, aqve Sedis agreTve Cvenmier sparselebisagan ukan CamorTmeulisimagreebi skandisi, sarapanisi,mu[xi]risi da lჳsiri da sxva ramecrac ki lazeTSi SeviZineT”. avtori(s.yauxCiSvili-n.k) saTanadao msjelobisSemdeg aRadgens cixe-simagris formasΛ ο υ σ ί ρ ί s ( l u s i r i | | l o s i r i ;Sdr.muxirisi||moxirisi).

Semdeg s.yauxCiSvili ganagrZnobs:`... iustiniane Tavis novelaSi immniSvnelovan punqtebs, romlebiciranelebs sWeriaT 532 wlis zavamde,CamoTvlis რigrigad moyolebuliiბeriis sazRvrebidan Sida lazeTisken:skande-Sorapani-muxirisi. meoTxe punq-tad amave xazze dasaxelebulia`losiri”, romelic rionis gayolebiTmdebare mniSvnelovan strategiul pun-qtTa ricxvs unda ekuTvnodes, muxirisisdasavleTiT, rogorc es sCans iustini-anes msjelobis mimdinareobidan. ampunqtis Sesaxeb 1934 wels Cven gakvriTvwerdiT: àseTi puqnti sagulisxmebe-lia an skande-sarapanisis sasazRvroxazze an SigniT lazikaSi, iq, sadacsparsel-bizantielTa saomari opera-ciebi xdeboda; am raionSi aris, magal-iTad, nosiri, abaSasa da texurs Sua,romlis maxloblad mdebareoben sao-mari operaciebiT sakmaod cnobilipunqtebi: samxreTiT Νησοs – isuleTi,xolo CrdiloeTiT Αρχαίόπολίs- no-qalaqevi”. 1936 wlis ivlisSi Cven mieradgilobriv, sofel nosirSi Catare-bulma muSaobam SegvZina axalimasalebi.”

Semdgom amisa s.yauxCiSvili ganagr-Zobs: `prof. g.nioraZis mier CvenTvisgadmocemuli cnobiT, sof. nosirSierTs adgilobriv mcxovrebs upoviaberZnuli warweriT aguri. adgilobrivmcxovreb yaraman odiSariasTan CvenmarTlac, vnaxeT aguri, romelSiacamoWrilia qvemoT moyvanili warwera.am warweris povnis istoria Semdegia:nosiris im nawilSi, romelsac saodiS-ario hqvia, odesRac Zveli eklesiayofila. aravis axsovs is eklesia, arcis, Tu vis saxelze iyo is agebuli,axsovT mxolod misi dangreulikedlebi. oTxmociode wlis winaT au-giaT xis eklesia, romlis SenobadResac daculia. 1902 wels adgilobrivmcxovreblebs gadauwyvetiaT Zvelidangreuli eklesiis adgilas aegoT

axali qviTkiris eklesia. am mizniTmaT mousufTavebiaT saWiro moedani,gausworebiaT niadagi, Zveli mTlianiqvebi gamouyenebiaT, xolo natexebiqvisa da agurisa soflis gzaze dauyr-iaT (50 uremi natexi aguri gadauyriaT).am muSaobis dros erT agurze raRacwarwera SeuniSnavs yaraman odiSariasda Seunaxavs es aguri, fragmentuladdaculi. mosufTavebul moedanze mcx-ovreblebs dauwyiaT axali Senobisageba da kidevac amouyvaniaT kedlebierTi metris simaRleze, xolo amasobaSimouswria 1905 wlis revoluciis ambebsda Senobis agebisaTvis Tavi gaunebebiaT(dResac iq dgas erTi metris simaRlisqvis kedlebi).

warwera amoWrilia kvadratul agur-Si (30 cm sigrZe-sigane, 4 cm sisqe),romelic dRes oTx natexad aris Senax-uli (aklia mexuTe natexi qveda mar-cxena kuTxisa), 12 striqonad...

...qarTulad: òdes dajdebi taxtze,macxovaro, da gamoikvlev Cems farulsaqmeebs, damicavi me Seni marjveniT,ukvdao da samebis wmidao, ... gmadlobSen, RmerTo, wmidisa mier Zisa Senisa,iesu qristesi, uflisa Cvenisa, romlisSemweobiT gagvinaTle Cven, SegviwyaleCven da gamogvicxade ...”

da bolos s.yauxCiSvili ase as-rulebs am Sromas: èrTgvar dasayr-dens `nosiris” lokalizaciisaTvisiZleva Semdegi garemoebac. warweranapovnia Zveli eklesiis nangrevebSi,rogorc vTqviT, dRes aravis araxsovs is eklesia, arc is, Tu vissaxelobaze iyo is agebuli, magramis xis eklesia, romelic am oTxmo-ciode wlis winaT augiaT droebiT,dResac atarebs wm.stefanes saxels.wm. stefanes saxelobis taZrebi CvenSiiSviaTia... da aq Cvens yuradRebasipyrobs is cnobebi, romlebic mo-cemulia agaTias istoriaSi. 554 welsonogurisTan momxdari brZolis aR-weris dros agaTia ”onogurisis”saxelis ganmartebas cdilobs daambobs: ès saxeli (e.i. onogurisi)Zveladve Seerqva am adgils Sesa-Zlebelia imis gamo, rom hunnebi,romelTac onogurebi ewodebodaT, amadgilas Sehbmian kolxebs warsulwlebSi da damarcxebulan da amgamarjvebis niSnad da Zeglad adg-ilobriv mcxovreblebs es saxeliSeurqmeviaT am adgilisaTvis. amJamadbevri ase ki aRar uwodebs, aramed,radgan aq dafuZnebulia im wmindastefanes taZari, romelic, rogorcamboben, sakuTari nebiT Seeba mterssaukeTeso qristianTa gulisaTvisda Caqolil iqna mowinaaRmdegeTamier, misi saxeli ewoda am adgils”.

agaTias am cnobidan irkveva, rom imsabrZolo xazze, sadac onogurisi mde-bareobda, yofila wm. stefanes sax-elobis taZari, imdenad mniSvnelovani,rom misi saxeli mTeli im adg-ilisaTvis SeurqmeviaT. rom axlandelisofeli nosiri swored am xazze mde-bareobda es dasturdeba ori gare-moebiT: 1) onogurisi warmoadgens ar-qeopolisis midamoebSi saWiro sasima-gro safars (georgika III, 40,148), xoloarqeopolisidan jaris erT-erTi mar-Sutia, Cveulebriv, arqeopolisi-nosiri-nesosi; 2) sofel nosirSi dResac arisSenaxuli kvali sasimagro kedlebisaswored eklesiis (igulisxmeT wm. ste-fanes saxelobis eklesia) midamoebSi.momavali arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, undavifiqroT, am, VI saukuneSi mniSvnelovan,strategiul punqts saboloodgamoavlens” _ imedovnebs s. yaux-CiSvili.

amiT sruldeba pasaJebis moxmoba s.yauxCSvilis statiidan. pirvel rigSigvinda aRvniSnoT zemoTmoyvanili war-weris Sesaxeb. raRac saocari siTboda mowiweba gamosWvivis teqstis av-toris mier macxovrisadmi miZRvnilsityvebSi; igrZnoba TiTqos, ar SemeSin-deba am sityvebis, is (macxovari) misisisxli da xorcia, misi Tanamemamulea,misi winapari da misi Tu gnebavT sia-mayea. ifiqrebT uflis mikerZoeba mkrex-elobaao, magram me uflisadmi miZRvnilarcerT sxva warwerebSi ar migvrZniaaseTi usazRvro siyvaruli, imedi cod-vebis mitevebisa da rogorc Semdgom

davinaxeT, amas gaaCnda Tavisi obieqturimizezebi.

rac Seexeba toponim “onoguriss”,qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi gan-martebulia, rogorc toponimionogurisi, ise onogurisis brZola 554,romelTac aqve moviyvanT:

“onogurisi-istoriuli cixe-simagredas. saqarTveloSi egrisis samefosmniSvnelovan strategiuli punqti ar-qeopolisis (axlandeli cxakaias(senakis-n.k.) r-nis teritoria)maxloblad. zusti adgilmdebareobadaudgenelia...”

rogorc qarTuli enciklopediidansCans onogurisi arqeopolisismaxlobladaa, xolo s. yauxCiSvilifiqrobs, rom is nosirSi unda iyos.Cvenc igive azris varT TviT toponim“nosiris” etimologiidan gamomdinare.saqme imaSia, rom “sirua” megruladniSnavs “srvas”, “wyvetas”, xolo “nosiri”_ alags, sadac adgili hqonda wyvetasda srvas. es toponim nosiris mxoloderT-erTi etimologiaa (rogorc Semd-gomSi gamoCndeba am toponims sxvaaranakleb mniSvnelovani etimolo-giebic gaaCnia). ase, rom onogurisisbrZola swored nosiris midamoebSimoxda. rasac adasturebs misi siaxlovearqeopolisTan da misi saxelis eti-mologia, aseve aRsaniSnavia nosirismdebareoba, is gaSlil adgils war-moadgens, rac Zalian xelsayrelia br-Zolebis Casatareblad.

axla cotaTi ZiriTad Temas ga-davuxvioT da SevecadoT warmovaCinoTiberiuli tomebis Rvawli bibliuriteqstebis Seqmnis sakiTxSi.

moviyvanoT vrceli amonaridi cno-bili avstrieli poetisa da moazrovnisrainer maria rilkes wignidan “wer-ilebi” (rainer maria rilke, werilebi,germanulidan Targmnes: nana gogi-laSvilma da dali fanjikiZem, gamom-cemloba merani, Tbilisi, 2002, gv.39-41).werilSi Tavadis qali hoenloesadmivkiTxulobT Semdegs: “... yvelaze metadmitacebs fabr d’olives (fabr d’olive(1768-1825) _ frangi poeti da filoso-fosi) kiTxva. Mis ori wigni ... erT-erTi nacnobisaTvis gamoviwere, magramwignebi ratomRac CemTan moxvda; hoda,mec veRar gavuZeli cdunebas, argadameTvalierebina isini; es gadaTva-liereba ki nel-nela mTeli gverdebiskiTxvaSi gadaizarda. saqme exeba sru-liad uCveulo pirovnebas; sakuTariTavis winaSe dasmul amocanas es kaci,ase vTqvaT, axlosac ki ver miudga,misi naSromebi (ramdenadac amis erTiTvalis gadavlebiT vxvdebi), mxolodda mxolod, mosamzadebeli samuSaoa,magram am samuSaosadmi dawerilSesavalSi gamoTqmulia azri, romlisganxorcielebac albaT maSin Tu mox-erxdeboda, adamianis sicocxlis xan-grZlivoba Cveulebrivze xuTjer anaTjer meti rom yofiliyo. es Sesavalibevri ramiTaa gansacvifrebeli da Tuar vcdebi, imdenad bevrs gvpirdeba,rommis mier dasaxuli zogierTi amo-cana SeiZleba momavalSi ganxorcildeskidec. Tavdapirvelad iseTi STabe-Wdilebac ki Seiqmna, TiTqos aq viRaciseTis xeli eria, visac antikuri mis-teriebis, maTi sazrisisa da idumaliarsis wvdomis unari gaaCnda; me mgonia,es calwil misi gumanis wyaloba undaiyos, calwil ki imisa, rom gaTavisebissaocari niWi mas TandaTanobiT aziareb-da yvela enas, romelTac jer kidevSerCeniaT saidumloTa gacxadebisZvelTaZveli unari; es arabuliT dai-wyo da Semdgom amisa am saidumlosnel-nela, erTmaneTze miyolebiT exdebafarda, ise rom adamiani mSobliurgaremoSia moxvedrili da im adamianTaTanamedroved grZnobs Tavs, cnobilgodolamde rom arsebobdnen, romlismniSvnelobac didis areul-dareulo-biT damTavrda. Aamrigad, rakiRa fabrsam wyaroebze xeli miuwvdeboda, ukveSeeZlo dedamiwis istoriis Seqm-nazeefiqra, kvlavac unda mibrunebodamosamzadebel samuSaoebs, radgan man-amde am sferoSi TiTqmis araferigakeTebula da amieridan misi cxovrebamarTlac am SromaSi miedineboda,romelic ara erTgzis Seferxda daSewyda, da ukugdebulic ki iqna; am cx-ovrebis napralebSi mraval Worsa damiTqma-moTqmas daebudebina; amboben, igigulgangmiruli ipovneso im religiis

sakurTxevlis win, romlis mxurvalemesveuradac nel-nela qceuliyo. AaseaTu ise, yvela misi biografi erTxmadaRiarebs, am adamianis pirovnebasaswaulmoqmed Zalebs asxivebdao;Turme martooden misi magnituri ZaliswyalobiT wignebi Taroebidan sawermagidaze gadaadgildebodnen, xolo Tuam wignebis avtorebi cocxlebi aRariyvnen, gamouxmobda maT, aiZulebda pa-suxi gaeca yvela sakiTxze da xangr-Zliv saubrebs marTavda maTTan.

sainteresoa adamianis, rogorc is-toriuli arsebis, Seswavlis miseuligza; igi ambobs, rom yvelaze SoreulsaganTa Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba arsebobdesufro mniSvnelovani wyaro, vidre sx-vadasxva xalxSi SemorCenili wmindawerilebia, da cdilobs gaarkvios, ratommoxda, rom erTi WeSmaritebis mauwyebe-li es fuZemdebluri wignebi erTmaneTsewinaaRmdegebian. Ffabr d’olivessaWirod miaCnia SeviswavloT da erT-maneTs SevujeroT indusebis, Cinelebisada egviptelebis uZvelesi kosmogoniebi;igi nel-nela miuyveboda am gzas, vidrebolos ebraul enas (man safuZvlianadaRadgina es ena da gamosca ebraulienis istoria da gramatika) TiTqmisaraferi aqvs saerTo Sesaqmes cnobilteqstebTan, da moses Zvelebraulad arwarmouTqvams TiTqmis arcerTi im sity-vaTagani, romlebsac mas miawerenberZnulsa da laTinurSi.”

CvenSi fabr d’olives saxeli nakle-bad cnobilia. verc enciklopediebSimivakvlieT mis saxels, magram TuzemoT moyvanili citatiT vimsjelebTrilkes wignidan, sadac d’olivemsjelobs ebrauli enis Sesaxeb(romeli enac mas Rrmad Seuswavlia)da acxadebs, rom am enas araferi aqvssaerTo Sesaqmis cnobil teqstebTan;gamodis, rom biblia ebraelTa Semo-qmedebis nayofi ar yofila. maS romelieris Semoqmedebis nayofia is? sanam amkiTxvaze Cven mosazrebas gamovTqvavdeT,moviyvanoT citata zviad gamsaxurdiaswignidan “saqarTvelos sulieri missia”gv. 8-9: “vilhelm humboldti mismagamokvlevebma baskuri enis sferoSida pirineis naxevrakunZulis uZvelesimosaxleobis vinaobis kvlevis sferoSimiiyvana im daskvnamde, rom samxreTevropis: pirineebis, italiis, xmelTaSuazRvis kunZulebis pirveladi avtoq-tonuri mosaxleoba iyo iberiulimosaxleoba. Aam mosaxleobas uwodebenprotoiberebs, maTgan momdinareobsgviandeli evropuli mosaxleoba. mec-nierebaSi miRebulia agreTve termini-xmelTaSua zRvis rassa, mediteranulirassa, anu mediteranuli modgma. im-modgmis aRsaniSnavad, romelic iden-turia terminisa kavkasiuri rassa, uZve-lesi mediteranuli rassa, rac urTier-Tis identuria. saubaria immosaxleobaze, im modgmaze, romelicsaxlobda pirineebis naxevarkunZulidanxmelTaSuazRvis auzSi, egeosis auzSi,balkanebze, Tanamedrove saberZneTSi,kavkasiaSi da indoeTis Tanamedroveteritoriaze, agreTve, mcire aziaSi dapalestinaSi. es aris gavrcelebis are-ali im protoiberiuli modgmisa,romelsac vilhelm humboldtisgamokvlevebis mixedviT hqonda mravaliganStoeba. Eena am modgmisa, am rassisaiyo erTi ZiriTadi, romelsac hqondamravali dialeqturi ganStoeba da Tues enakavebi Rebulobdnen calke enebisxasiaTs, isini iyvnen monaTesaveni daviTardebodnen rogorc urTierT-monaTesave enebi.”

rogorc cnobilia iberebSi pirvelrigSi moiazrebian megrelebi. amisSesaxeb saubroben rogorc ucxoeli,aseve cnobili qarTveli mecnierebi.meores mxriv am bolo xanebSi dadgindaisic, rom kacobriobis istoria iwyebaSavsa da kaspiis zRvebs Soris arsebu-li teritoriidan, anu igive iberiidn.igive kolxeTidan. (am sakiTxs ramod-enime wigni miuZRvna cnobilma is-torikosma, profesorma klimentiSeliam). Semdgom periodSi moxda amteritoriidan xalxTa gadinebamsoflios yvela mimarTulebiT da maTSoris im teritoriebze, romelicCamoTvlilia citataSi zviad gamsax-urdias wignidan.

nugzar kvaSilava“fazisi”-s akademiis namdvili

wevri

njtujvsj!optjsj


poeziis kuTxercami req do sqan oraniiSen gurcჷ miare,sqan anagi vaTirele,wanef qore miare.note, miSi Suri rjoxo,sqan gur miSi Tia re,TaS xvalaxe, zoxo-zoxo,rina gegnidiare.

* * *mu Seuleb Te jarbis doTe Cxurus do ჸinuas,ifionaS kuWuxaSebJaSi gჷTorwkinuas.

CxoriaSi laჸafis doToliS WvemaT wyoruas,ჸurumia seriS mangoagoTanaS goruas.

* * *hei, si Wara, aka munerჲ rina

moWare,gekomTxozine uCa borji _ ჸala

do Seri,sqan Sqasers muWo gaTanuans

Cqimi oWmare,ordo ifaC do ordo xomu Cqimi

feSeri.

xolo breliSa mokaTafa gilamxanguri,

brelჲ maboSia donTxafe doekorCinele,

mi rdჷ qianas ჸaTe Cqimi guriSmanguri,

so miTaqvirsi, mu xani re vemko-rCqinele.

oSSa naWkira, uჸvaiWareq arTSagobzimi

do jveS orCxeSe eSaRalirჲbgudi yamasჷ,

Cqim Cxanaias munafaTჷ ekaTx-ozini,

TiS ukulჲ voreq gorwafiliekonTxafasჷ.

xvalaxe muSenჲ mikomite, muSenჲmeguri,

lersiS lawkarefჲ sqan ocqva-furs almorkiana,

si Cqim Wyelჲ rinaS uCurcxalioreq ebguri

do sqan umuSo Rura xolovamWar qianas.

* * *murman lebaniZis cnobilma cil-

ismwameblurma leqsma, romelicgasuli saukunis miwuruls daiw-era megruli enis winaaRmdeg, sazo-gadoebis didi guliswyroma gamoi-wvia. lebaniZes bevrma upasuxa,leqsiTac da statiiTac, maT Sorisapolon adoniam, SesaniSnavi pub-licisturi weriliT. axla kigTavazobT didi poetis,sulkurTxeul laSa gaxarias sapa-suxo leqss.

odas, Svidi Zmis fiqriT moy-avrulsgamoacalo Wyondidi _ sveti,mermed... ZmaTagan ufro moy-

varuls,vis sisxlSi sxvisi ar misxlobs

WveTi,moRorebuls da beWebisrians, _afsuaTaTvis mirTmeul bWeTi,pirvel mwignobars, pirvelqris-

tians,pirvelCagrulsac _ uaxles sveTi,mafSaliaze tkbilad momRerals, gulis Zmarvas rom Seatkbobs neTi,flid evripides kalmiT uZagoena, medea da aieti...primitiuli glexi uZraxo,amouxapo Wraqidan zeTi,marCenal Celas Cala uyaro,kuda xarebi axaro bzeTi,uZuZurebi asxlito dedas,rZeSic urio uriis kveTi,,,vefxistyaosnis” moferebisTvisauyayano mTeli qajeTi,bolos esec ki aRar akmaro, _kombalze mwared ro druzo keti!..dedamdinared... mtkvari urCio, _Tan rom mohymuis mola-meCeTi,Woroxs da texurs wyali uZraxo,rions talRebi umRvrio... leTiT!rasa Cmaxavo! ras iZraxavo!dedozarebi arisxo mcxeTiT,aRarc graneli, arc didostatiaRar irwmuno TavkerZam zneTi,dasaRvrel sisxlis macned imisnoufliscixesTan yayaCos wveTi.

giorgi xulorda

`magram mamulo, Cemi tanjva mxolod isaris,

is aris mxolod savalalo dasamwuxaro,

rom Sens miwazed, amden xalxSi kaciar aris,

rom fiqri vando, grZnoba Cemigavuziaro!..~

_ gulistkiviliT werda mecxrametesaukuneSi didi ilia WavWavaZe.

ilia am sityvebs werda im dros,roca mas mxarSi edgnen iakobi, akaki,vaJa... TergdaleulTa mTeli pleada, mw-erlebi, poetebi, samRvdeloeba...

ilia amas werda im dros, rodesacsaqarTvelos, qarTvel ers gadagvarebis,gadajiSebis, gaqrobis safrTxe ar emuqre-boda; piriqiT _ eri mravldeboda,ganaTlebas iRebda, qarTuli mwerlobada Teatri Zvel didebas ibrunebda.qarTveli kaci uzarmazar imperiaSisamecniero, samxedro Tu xelovnebis as-parezze tols aravis udebda da TavisiniWiT mSobliur ers saxels hmatebda.

gamoCndnen qarTveli mewarmeni,erovnuli burJuaziis pirveli mer-cxlebi, romlebic konkurencias uwevdnenucxoel (ZiriTadad, somex) vaWrebs,mewarmeebs da mogebis udides nawilssamSoblos keTildReobas axmardnen.

ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba yoveliqarTvelisTvis RvTiuri, wmidaTawmida,saficari xati iyo...

qarTveli eri sulierad emzadebodaerovnuli damoukideblobisTvis, dakar-guli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisTvis!

aseT viTarebaSi ilias TiTqos sasayve-duro aravisTan unda hqonoda, magramman kargad icoda, rom arsebobdnen mtre-bis mier mosyiduli, marioneti,antierovnuli, gadagvarebis mosurneqarTvelebic, romlebic ucxoTa waqezebi-Ta da finansuri mxardaWeriT saqarTve-los gadamwyvet momentSi laxvarsCascemdnen!

es grZeldeba dResac, oRond jer-jerobiT usisxlod!

madloba RmerTs, arian adamianebi, rom-lebic obieqturad, realurad aRiqvamensaqarTvelos da qarTveli xalxissavalalo yofas, yofil xelisufalTamoRalatur, antierovnul politikas, ar-sebuli xelisuflebis srulususurobasa da arakompetenturobas.

am analitikosTa Soris gamoirCevapolitologi, politikur mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesori aleqsandre WaWia.

misi saubari `saqarTvelo da msof-liosTan~ (#36 (271) mimaCnia politikurianalizis qrestomaTiur nimuSad.

batoni aleqsandre svams kiTxvas _òri weli gavida. sad aris progresi?~

progresi da winsvla ar aris. arciqneba, vidre òcneba~ kvlav nirvanaSia,sxvaTa (evro-amerikelTa) xelisSemyureiqneba da maT dakrulze Salaxosicekvebs.

dRes ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebiwveTi wyaliviT hgavs 1990-ian wlebSisaqarTveloSi momxdar saxelmwifo ga-datrialebas. kanonieri xelisuflebisdamxoba, msxverpli, ekonomikis gapartaxe-ba, umuSevroba, ucxoeTSi mosaxleobisgadaxvewa lukmapuris saSovnelad,erovnuli faseulobebis gabiabrueba,garyvnilebis agitacia-propaganda-wax-aliseba, marTlmadideblobis diskred-itacia, religiuri seqtebis mfarveloba,teritoriebis dakargva _ ai, arasruliCamonaTvali imisa, rac ̀ diqtator~ zviadgamsaxurdiasa da ukrainis kanonierixelisuflebis damxobam moutana erTdros mdidar, erovnul faseulobebzeorientirebul respublikebs.

vin Caigdo xelSi ZalauflebaukrainaSi?

Tavi davaneboT imas, rom prezidenti,premier-ministri, vice-premieri, regionisgubernatorebi eTnikuri ebraelebi arian,romlebic nacionaluri ritorikiT yelye-laoben, yvela maTgani kosmopoliti, glob-alisti da marTlmadideblobis moZulea.amasTanave, fsiqikuri da fizikurigadaxrebic aqvT. maT Soris pedarastebida pedofilebic gvxvdebian.

batonma elizbar javeliZem TavisSesaniSnav naSromSi àvahme, Cemo mamulo!..~

(Tb., 2007 w. gv. 42) mTeli Tavi miuZRvnakadrebis SerCevis princips.

Zlierni ama qveynisani, romelTa Zal-isxmeviTac amxoben xalxis mier arCeulerovnul xelisuflebas, kadrebis SerCe-visas, ZiriTadad, xelmZRvaneloben degen-eraciis xarisxis principiT. maT mierdaniSnuli prezidentebi, premierebi, min-istrebi, politikuri liderebi unda iyvnen:1. garyvnilebi; 2. fsiqikurad avadmyofebi;3. Tandayolili defeqtebiT. mglispira,kurdRlistuCa, elami, Tvalebis uazrodmotriale, ybaCua, enablu... aseTi poli-tikosebi qarTvelebisTvis araxalia. arcseqsualuri mania, gandidebisa da devnismania, sadizmi, akviatebuli warmosaxvebiaris ucxo nacebis liderebisTvis.

batoni elizbari am movlenebs Semdeg-nairad xsnis: msgavsi pirovnebebi advilisamarTavebi arian da mama-marCenalTanebismier brZanebas usityvod asruleben.

kargad icis fsiqologia mamaZaRlmasorosma da misma kantoram!

batoni aleqsandre WaWia cdilobs,axal xelisuflebas daanaxvos daSvebu-li Secdomebi ara niSnis mogebiT,boroti sixaruliT, aramed `moyvarespirSi uZraxes~ moraliT: `xalxi eZebdamxsnels da ipova igi ivaniSvilis saxiT,xmac, Sesabamisad, mxolod mas misca.ivaniSvilma ki Tan moiyvana adamianebinulovani reitingiT, Semdeg ki xelisu-flebidan wavida da mosaxleobasbutaforuli prezidenti da `nacional-respublikelebis~ partia Seatova~.

batoni biZina ivaniSvili xelisu-flebidan wavida, magram amboben, rom,faqtobrivad, igi marTavs rogorcsakanonmdeblo, aseve aRmasrulebelxelisuflebas.

RmerTma kargad gvimyofos batonibiZina, romelmac `nacmoZraoba~ _ es`vardisferi Wiri~, mogvaSora, magramdavuSvaT, raRac daemarTa _ saxelmwifosmarTva veRar SeZlo, amis gamo qveyanaxom ar unda daiqces? xom unda iyvnenxelisuflebaSi iseTi adamianebi, rom-lebic Tavs datexil ubedurebas va-Jkacurad gadaitanen, lideris gareSedarCenilebi Tavs gaarTmeven problemebsda rogorc saSinao, aseve sagareo poli-tikas qveynis interesebis SesabamisadwarmarTaven?!

amgvari xalxi arc parlamentSi daarc mTavrobaSi ar meguleba. oci weli-wadia, natosa da evrokavSirs gaviZaxiT,magram axlos ar gvikareben, Cven ki gax-elebuli mijnuriviT sasikvdilosafrTxes ver vxedavT.

sasikvdilo safrTxe ki namdviladarsebobs.

ukve alaparakdnen mesame omis gar-dauvalobaze. im SemTxvevaSi, TusaqarTvelo natos wevri gaxdeba, omisSemTxvevaSi, merwmuneT, erT atomur bombsCvenTvis aravin dainanebs. es sakmarisiiqneba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis amo-sawyvetad.

metyvian, mesame msoflio omi ar iqneba,natosa da evrokavSirSi gawevreba kigagvamdidrebs, sikeTes mogvitanso.

baton aleqsandre WaWias mohyavs imqveynebis statistikuri monacemebi, rom-lebic, didi xania, natosa da evrokavSiriswevrebi arian. magaliTad, rumineTSiumuSevroba 40%-s aWarbebs, am qveynissagareo vali 50 miliardi dolaria;savalalo mdgomareobaa bulgareTSic,sadac duxWiri cxovrebis gamo mTavrobaweliwadSi orjer mainc icvleba.

im qveynebma, romlebmac evropisken mi-mavali gza airCies, natoSi gawevrianebasurT, saqarTvelos msgavsad, dakargesteritoriebi, axrCobT miliardobiT vali,gaCanagda maTi ekonomika, umuSevrobismizeziT mosaxleobis migracia katas-troful zRvars uaxlovdeba. èrT drosayvavebuli moldova milionze metma mo-qalaqem datova, maTgan 700 aTasi ruseTSimuSaobs; isini samSobloSi yovelwliu-rad 2 miliardamde dolars gzavnian,~ _aRniSnavs batoni aleqsandre.

Cvens politikosebs ukvirT, _ ratomaris ruseTi aseTi agresiuli saqarTve-los mimarTo.

Tqve kai dedmamiSvilebo, nuTu verxvdebiT, rom ruseTis saxelmwifos in-teresebSi ar Sedis natos gafarToeba

da kavkasiaSi gabatoneba?! es putinisaxireba ki ar aris, aramed ruseTis sa-xelmwifo interesebidan gamomdinarepolitikaa!

metyvian, ra mniSvneloba aqvs natosmokavSire iqnebi Tu ruseTis, didi omisSemTxvevaSi mainc dagvartyameno.

zogierT yofil mokavSire respubli-kas, romlebmac damoukidebloba moipoves,naklebi safrTxe emuqreba imitom, romarc natos jarebi undaT TavianT teri-toriaze da arc ruseTis. am yofil mo-kavSire respublikebs arc teritoriebidaukargavT, arc gausaZlisi umuSevrobada siduxWire awuxebT da arc zneobrivigadagvareba da erovnuli TviTmyofa-dobis dakargva emuqrebaT.

amgvar qveynebs gadarCenis meti SansiaqvT, vidre maT, natos waqezebiTa daimediT ruseTs muStebs rom uRereben!

bevri politikosi da maT fexis xmasayolili amomrCeveli axlo momavalSiruseTis daSlas elis. ocneboben, ro-gorc ki ruseTi daiSleba, dakargulteritoriebs davibrunebTo!

jer erTi, axlo momavalSi ruseTiar daiSleba da meorec, RmerTma nu qnasmarTlmadidebeli ruseTis daSla!

muslimani Crdilokavkasielebi dag-vibruneben afxazeTsa da Sida qarTls?iqneb, arabuli samyaro, vahabistebi TuaTasi juris teroristebi izrunebensaqarTveloze? an iqneb TurqeTma, Cvenmaistoriulma `megobarma~, gamogviwodosdaxmarebis xeli?

ruseTis daSla-dasustebis SemTxvevaSisaqarTvelo muslimanTa saTareSo arenadiqceva; vinc ar gamahmadiandeba da erov-nebas ar dakargavs moklaven, ukeTesSemTxvevaSi _ gayidian (axalgazrda go-gonebsa da lamaz qalebs gadarCenismeti Sansi aqvT, SeiZleba xalifatisromelime gavleniani teroristis pirvelcolobasac ki gamohkran xeli)!

qarTvelebs erTi kargi andaza gvaqvs:`nu dakargav Zvelsa gzasa, nurca Zvelsamegobarsa!~

nu dagvaviwydeba is, rom muslimanuriagresiuli saxelmwifoebis mier alyaSimoqceuli saqarTvelo marTlmadide-belma ruseTma gadaarCina fizikur dasulier ganadgurebas!

arian adamianebi, romlebic erovnul-gamaTavisuflebel moZraobas, saqarTve-los damoukideblobis aRdgenas didSecdomad miiCneven, umadurobad rusixalxis mimarT.

erovnuli xelisufleba, prezidentizviad gamsaxurdia rus xalxs, rusulkulturas pativs scemda, ruseTi mtradar miaCnda da masTan keTilmezobluriurTierToba surda.

putCistebi zviad gamsaxurdias izo-lacionizmSi sdebdnen brals, mizezadki imas asaxeleben, rom gamsaxurdias arsurda natoSi gawevreba.

diax, zviad gamsaxurdias ara surdasaqarTvelos teritoriaze araTu natos,aramed ruseTis jarebis dislokacia.

kanonieri xelisuflebis damxobis-Tanave putCistebma morTes yvirili:`nato gviSvelis!~, es dRemde grZeldeba.

2012 wels xelisuflebis SecvladiplomatebisTvis kargi sababi iyoruseTTan urTierTobis normalizebisada nato-evrokavSirTan mgznebareltolvis dacxromisTvis...

ucxoeTidan dafinansebuli arasam-Tavroboebisgan qarTveli eri sikeTesar unda elodos.

arc sorosis ZuZunawovi `naxlebnike-bisgan~, romlebic xelisuflebaSi bevriarian da zogierTi maTgani òcnebaSic~Taviseburad ocnebobs.

saWiroa axali politikuri Zala,romelic ruseTTan urTierTobis mog-varebas Seecdeba, arCevnebSi miiRebs mon-awileobas da gaimarjvebs. am winapirobe-bis gareSe afxazeTisa da samaCablosdabruneba ganuxorcielebeli ocnebaa.

vfiqrob, aseTia baton aleqsandreWaWias saubris morali. saRi azri amasgvkarnaxobs.

kargia, roca moyvares mware saTqmelspirSi eubnebi, magram... vai, Tu kedelscercvs vayriT.

Tengiz kublaSvili,

uzenaesi sabWos deputati

moyvares pirSi uZraxe...


esec Seni “megobari”

TurqeTiadreul epoqaSi, roca sparselebi

an osmalebi qarTul cixe-simagresalyas Semoartyamdnen, cdilobdnenalyaSemortymulTaTvis wyali daewri-taT, raTa isini wyurvils Seewuxebinada moalyeebs danebebuliyvnen. rogorcCans, Cvens “megobar” Turqebs warsulises gamocdileba mkvidrad aqvT CamjdariZval-rbilSi, radgan dResac sworedam meTodiT cdiloben saqarTvelosdapyrobas!

socqselebSi gavrcelda informaciaimis Taobaze, rom aspinZaSi saqarTve-los dedamdinaris _ mtkvris _kalapotSi gubeebiRaaa darCenili, risgamoc saqarTvelos garemos dacvisministrma TurqeTSi saswrafo weriligagzavna

“azerbaijanelebi imaze wuxdnen, mtk-vari kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba da esCvens ekologiaze katastrofulad imo-qmedebso! Tu es ambavi azerbaijanisekologiaze katastrofulad imo-qmedebs, maSin Cven raRa mogviva?! _mTeli Tbilisis kanalizaciuri qselimtkvriT iwmindeba. iqamde ki naxevarisaqarTvelo sarwyavad iyenebs.”

“msgavsi jojoxeTis SegrZneba sic-ocxleSi ar mqonia, damSrali mtkvarirom davinaxe”.

aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi, sauku-nidan saukunemde da albaT dasabami-danac, mtkvari saqarTvelos deda-md-inared miiCneoda, Sesabamisad, saukunidansaukunamde qarTveli eri fiqradacver gaivlebda, rom dadgeboda dro damtkvars dakargavda. Cvens droSic ki,roca yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes, amazefiqri boroti fantaziiis nayofs ufrohgavda, vidre realobas, arada, rogorcCans, es SeiZleba marTlac moxdes, Tuukve ar moxda... Tveze metia, aspinZaSi,

TurqeTis sazRvarTan mtkvari gaqra!mtkvris daSrobaze aspinZis sasoflosakonsultacio centris agronommanugzar kaveliZem gangaSi maSin atexa,roca TurqeTi sazRvarze, nasoflarolodaSi, _ sadac qarTvelimesazRvreebis dislokaciis adgilia,Tvali jer kidev 2 kviris winandelulamazes xeobas Seavlo da iq jo-joxeTi daxvda.

_ msgavsi jojoxeTis SegrZneba sic-ocxleSi ar mqonia, damSrali mtkvarirom davinaxe, iseTi saSineleba iyo, jerdajerebac ar mindoda, “Tavis dasacavad”isic ki gavifiqre, iqneb es sizmaria-meTqi? Tumca sizmari rom yofiliyo,

bednieri viqnebodi, _ TurqeTis sazRvri-dan, vidre Cveni mdinareeebi SeurTde-bodnen, mtkvari aRar modis, aRar arse-bobs! mis adgilze mxolod gubeebiadarCenili. im teritoriidan ki. sadacmtkvars marcxnidan patara mdinareebi:dumelia da buzmareTi uerTdebian.xolo marjvnidan _ xaveTi da okamimtkvris kalapotSi ukve wyali midis,magram es mtkvari aRar aris, _ mar-jvnidan da marcxnidan 2-2 metriT davi-wroebuli da daTxelebulia. Tanac, esaxla, roca wvims, Torem, gvalvebisasroca Cveni patara mdinareebi daSreba,gamodis, mtkvris kalapotSi wyali saer-Tod aRar iqneba! amas isic emateba, romdamSral klapotSi uwylobisagn dax-ocili Tevzic yria...…

_ roca es informacia SevityveT,Cven aspinZis gamgeobasac davu-kavSirdiT, sadac gviTxres, rom Tevzirom ar daxociliyo, damSralikalapotidan, saswrafod, mtkvris mcire

mdinareebis SesarTavTan gadaiyvanes.…_ ki, rogor, ara. rao, ra Tqves,

idgnen mdinaris kalapotSi, iWerdnenTevzs da saTiTaod gadahyavdaT Camd-inare wyalSi?! – es xom mtknarisicruea! magram axla amis dro araris, _ me imis SiSi maqvs, rom mtkvarirealurad ar davkargoT. jer kidev 2wlis win vecnobodi gangaSs azerbai-janul presaSi, _ TurqeTi saqarTvelossazRvrebTan hess akeTebs, risTvisacmtkvars kalapots ucvliso! azerbai-janelebi imaze wuxdnen, mtkvari kaspiiszRvaSi Caedineba da es Cvens ekolo-giaze katastrofulad imoqmedebso! Tues ambavi azerbaijanis ekologiaze

katastrofulad imoqmedebs, maSin CvenraRa mogviva?! _ mTeli Tbilisiskanalizaciuri qseli mtkvriT iwmin-deba. iqamde ki naxevari saqarTvelosarwyavad iyenebs. garda amisa, mesxeTSimtkvris ulamazes xeobas vkargavT. esis mdgomareobaa, risi Sedegebis aRweraadamianur fantazias aRemateba.

_ garemos dcvis saministro im ver-siasac ganixilavs, rom mezobeli sax-elmwifo mtkvris wyliT axal hessavsebs. ris Semdegac mtkvari ukanvedagvibrundeba. amave dros ganixilavenim versias, rom mewyeri Camowva da mtk-vari daaguba...

_ mewyeris Camowolis versia srulisisulelea, _ 2 kvira dagubebuli mtk-vari TurqeTsac datboravda da Cvenc.Cemi azriT, arc hesis avsebas undasWirdebodes 2 kvira!

am sagangaSo SemTxvevis Taobazegaremos dacvis erovnuli saagentosdavukavSirdiT, saidanac mogvweres:

“Turqul mxaresTan komunikaciis sa-fuZvelze dadginda, rom Turqulimxaris mier xdeba arsebuli wyal-sacavebis Sevseba zamTrisTvis.Sesabamisad, mdinare mtkvarSi wylisdonis kleba ganpirobebulia am faqtiTda aranairad ar aris kavSirSi hesisproeqtTan. aqve unda aRiniSnos, romTurqeTTan TanamSromlobis Sedegadmzaddeba memorandumi, romelic gamor-icxavs am sakiTxze calmxrivigadawyvetilebebis miRebas. imisTvis,rom dadasturdes araformaluriarxebiT miRebuli informacia, saqarTve-los garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis ministrma saqarTvelos sagareosaqmeTa saministros meSveobiTsaswrafo werili gaugzavna TurqeTissatyeo da wylis resursebis ministrs,baton eroRlus. werilze pasuxs momde-vno ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSivelodebiT. mdinare mtkvarisaqarTveloSi imatebs imaze met wylisresurs vidre TurqeTidan Semodis,Sesabamisad, dRevandeli mdgomareobiTdroebiTi Semcireba ar warmoSobsmniSvnelovan riskebs.”

faqti ki saxezea da aspinZaSi dRessisxlsavse mdinare mtkvris nacvladmxolod wvrili nakaduli mowanwkarebs!

e. eraZe

nulwbsj!hbrsfcb@"

raa mizezi qarTveli eris gonebis masobrivi dabindvis, Rirsebis gaqrobisa da raime Zalisadmi brma morCilebisa?cnobili WeSmaritebaa, rom umizezod

araferi xdeba. yovel Sedegs, pozitiursTu negatiurs, ueWvelad, garkveulimizezi udevs safuZvlad. magram, ammizezis garkvevaa Zneli da, xSirad,SeuZlebelic. amasTan, Zalze Zneliamisi aRiareba, radgan, Zalze xSirad,yoveli negatiuri Sedegis uSualomizezi Cveni umecrebaa.

roca adamiani piradad araa uSualomonawile negatiuri Sedegis gamomwvevimizezisa, misTvis, brZenic rom iyos, esmizezi gamocanaa.

qarTveli eris dRevandeli savala-lo mdgomareoba nawilobriv CvensTaobasac gvawevs kiserze, magram mx-olod nawilobriv, radgan SedegmaCvens dabadebamde karga xniT adreiCina Tavi, xolo mizezi ki saukuneebiswin gaCnda. kerZod, Cveni danaSauliswored isaa, rom mZime warsulisgamocdilebiT ver vigakveTileT, vermoviZieT mizezi da, isev tradiciulad,mxolod Sedegs vebrZviT. amitomaagamocana sayovelTaod cnobili poli-tologisaTvis _ b-n aleqsandre WaW-iasTvisac raa mizezi qarTveli erisgonebis masobrivi dabindvisa, Rirsebisgaqrobisa da raime Zalisadmi brmamorCilebisa.

adamiani egoizmiT savse arsebaa, ma-gram mainc adamiania da, SeiZleba, Tavisi,Tu winaparTa mier daSvebuli Secdomasircxvilis gamo damalos, magram, ro-gorc vxedavT, Secdoma Tavs ver malavsda sjobia vaRiaroT Secdoma Cveni, TuwinaparTa, rameTu Secdomis gamoswore-bis erTaderTi gza misi aRiareba dagulwrfeli monaniebaa.

bevr qarTvel mamuliSvils awuxebdaerT dros dedamiwis, TiTqmis, mTelnaxevar sferoze gabatonebuli eris _iberebis ase damcrobisa da dakninebismizezi. magram, nawilobriv mainc, CveniazriT, geronti qiqoZemde veravin miagnoqarTveli eris gonebis masobrividabindvis, Rirsebis gaqrobisa da raimeZalisadmi brma morCilebis mizezs (ix.geronti qiqoZe, ena da erovnuli energia,J-li istoriuli memkvidreoba, 2014, #8).

ramdenadac Sexeba maqvs enaTmec-nierebasTan am problemas mivuZRvenigamokvlevebi da werilebi `qarTuliasomTavruli anbanis Zvelkolxurifesvebi~, `kacobriobis pirveli anbani,asomTavruli Tu mxedruli?~ (es ori

naSromi 2004 wels gamoqveynda wignad),`ra enaze metyvelebdnen iberebi?~, `raenaze daiwera dedanSi bibliuridabadeba?~, è.w. megruli (iberiuli)ena _ qarTuli enis dialeqti, Tuglotogoniuri fenomeni?~, ìberiuliena da sazogadoebis srulyofis prob-lema~, èna da metyveleba~, `megruli(iberiuli) ena (monacemebi damniSvneloba)~, `bgerebis warmoSoba damaTgan mniSvnelobebis miRebis Sesaxeb~,`yofna-aryofnis zRvarze~, `megruli(iberiuli) ena _ axalwarmoSobiliena, Tu glotogoniuri fenomeni?~, `rammigviyvana yofna-aryofnis zRvramde?~,`romeli sjobia?~ da mravali sxva,romelic, Tumca, xSirad, beWdviTixarvezebiT, magram periodulad ibeWde-boda da ibeWdeba g-TSi “ilori” da J-lebSi “aia” da “cotneideli”.

RmerTma (bunebam) mzamzareulad gvi-boZa sametyvelo bgerebi da maTi har-moniuli kompleqsebi, xolo orfexavelur cxovels mohmadla maTi smeniTaRqmisa da eniT xmabaZvis unari. asedaiwyo metyveleba mTels dedamiwaze(amitomaa bgerebi yvela enisaTvis daerisaTvis saerTo) da es iyo erTenaze metyveleba. am faqtis utyuarimatianea, erTaderTi dedamiwaze, e.w.megruli (iberiuli) ena. am enaze, gan-sxvavebiT yvela sxva enisagan, Tanxmovanisametyvelo bgerebi sruli sityvismniSvnelobis matarebelni arian da ammniSvnelobebSi asaxulia yvela dadeb-iTi da uaryofiTi Tviseba, romlebmacveluri cxoveli adamianad aqcia. amTvisebebSi devs adamianis ganRmrTobispotencia, xolo am TvisebaTa uSecdomo,racionaluri marTva-gamoyeneba aRas-rulebs RvTis Canafiqrs: `RmerTma Se-qmna kaci xatad Tvisad~.

amdenad, Sromam ki ara (es ufrogviandeli procesia), metyvelebam, enam,igive RmerTma Seqmna adamiani (ix. sax.ioanesi 1:1-5) da misi uaryofa, anuRmerTis (bunebis) winaaRmdeg brZolagardauvali, sabediswero SedegiTdamTavrdeba!

yvela qarTveli mamuliSvili qveynissavalalo mdgomareobas, anu arsebulSedegs ebrZoda mudam da ara savalalomdgomareobis gamomwvev mizezs. amitommTavrdeboda yvela maTi brZola uSede-god. amitom dakninda da daeca erTdros mTels msoflioSi gabatonebuli

iberiuli civilizacia. eris cxovre-baSi iyo gamobrwyinebebic, magram isdroebiTi iyo, radgan negatiuri Sedegisgamomwvevi, myarad fesvgadgmuli mizeziaxal problemebs warmoSobda mudam.xolo yvela am problemaTa warmoSobismizezi da safuZveli RvTiuri saCuqarisdaviwyeba da uaryofa iyo da iqnebamudam.

Zv.w.aR. me-6 saukunidan iberiaSi mcx-ovrebma ebraelma brZenebma Seicnesiberiul enaze sametyvelo bgerebismniSvnelobebSi asaxuli adamianuriTvisebebi da mis safuZvelze SeqmnilipirobiTi niSnebiT Seqmnes TavianTiasoniSnebi. amis safuZvelze maT Ta-vianTi damwerloba da asoniSnebi uSu-alod RvTis Seqmnilad warmoudginesmsoflio sazogadoebas da `wminda~uwodes, TavianT sametyvelo enas ki`wminda ena~. magram es Tavis motyuebaada meti araferi, radgan damwerlobebida bgeraTa aRmniSvneli asoniSnebi,marTalia, RvTis nebiT, magram yvelaadamianTa Seqmnilia da 250-ze metia,xolo sametyvelo bgerebi, uSualodRvTiT, bunebiTaa nakarnaxevi, erTia dasaerToa yvela enisa da erisaTvis. e.i.erT dros yvelasaTvis saerTo same-tyvelo bgerebs da maT mniSvnelobebs,dReisaTvis ukve daviwyebuls, magramgenetikur mexsierebaSi Cakirulsgaixseneben da aRidgenen erebi TavianTenaSi, SeiZleba, miaRwion kidec mizans.

dafiqrdi kacobriobav, ramdenadace.w. megruli (iberiuli) ena warmoadgensRvTisa da RvTiuri (igive bunebisa dabunebrivi) Zalebis Secnobis unikalursaSualebas, xom ar aris e.w. megruli(iberiuli) ena RvTiuri energiisa dacnobierebis momcemi, anu sazogadoebissrulyofis sawindari?

kargia ucxo enaTa codna. bevri sx-vadasxva enis Seswavla, cxadia, bevrsibrZnes SesZens adamians, magramerovnul energias vera. erovnul ener-gias aZlierebs mSobliuri erovnulienis siRrmiseuli codna. erovnulienis siRrmiseuli codna Sobs erovnulideologsac, romelic eris cxovrebasswori mimarTulebiT warmarTavs.samwuxarod, qarTveli sazogadoebisudidesma nawilma ar icis mSobliurierovnuli ena siRrmiseulad. megruli(iberiuli) enis safuZvlianad arcmodneqarTvel kacs, amis gagoneba Sokis

momgvrelia, magram, saerTod, ara aqvsmSobliuri ena. rac mSobliuri hgonia,is ena warmoadgens sparsulis, elin-uris, armenulis, laTinuris, arabulis,Turqulis da, genetikurad mSobliuri,magram dReisaTvis, ukve misTvis, ucxomegruli enis konglomerats da uZve-lesobaze gafiqrebac ki zedmetia.

e.w. megruli (iberiuli) enaSedarebiT siRrmiseulad SeiZlebaicodes ramdenime pirovnebam. yveladanarCenma wevrma, e.w. qarTveli sazo-gadoebisa, daiviwya da uaryo qarTulienisa da qarTveli eris erovnulobisganmsazRvreli, erovnuli energiis mom-cemi iberiuli ena.

Tavidanve aRvniSneT, rom umizezodaraferi xdeba. yvelaferi RvTiuri(bunebrivi) kanonzomierebebis fargleb-Si swarmoebs. gonebis masobrivi dabind-va, Rirsebis gaqroba da raime Zalisadmibrma morCileba erovnuli energiisgamoclis, kerZod, sakuTar monapovarTaupativcemloba-daviwyebisa da ucxourisgandidebis Sedegia.

gasakviri da samwuxaro, swored isaa,rom profesorebma, akademikosebma (t.futkaraZem, T. gvancelaZem, m. lorTqi-faniZem da r. metrevelma) ar ician,rom RvTiuris winaaRmdeg brZolasikeTis momtani ver iqneba da Tavgan-wiruli ebrZvian adamJamindel (adami-anis Semqmnel) iberiul enas. Tumca,esec e.w. qarTveli eris Wkuis saswavle-blad aris RvTisgan (bunebisgan) daSve-buli. da Tu ver Seigno da verSeigrZno mxarTeZoze wamowolilma dasaRaTis Zils micemulma e.w. qarTvelmaerma dasasrulis moaxloeba, SeiZleba,raRac nawili fizikurad gadarCes, ma-gram monobas verasodes daaRwevs Tavs,rameTu `gonebis masobrivi dabindva,Rirsebis gaqroba da raime Zalisadmibrma morCileba~ wminda wylis monaTaTvisebaa. mona ki eniT auwereli saz-izRrobaa, samyaroSi arsebul yvelasazizRrobebs Soris.

maS, dafiqrdiT qarTvelno, WeSmarite-bisaTvis brZolis gzas davadgeT, Tumonobas SevurigdeT!

kukuri fifia,`fazisisa~ da àias~ saero-samec-niero akademiebis wevri, kolxuri

kulturuli memkvidreobisSeswavlisa da dacvis asociaciis

vice-prezidenti


marTalia, bakurisadmi gagzavnillibaniosis werilSi «RmerTebzec»aris saubari, magram es xom warmarTisofistis sityvebia da ara TviTbakurisa?!

gasaocari is iqneboda, rom po-liTeist libanioss aRniSnuli sityvamxoloobiT ricxvSi moeca. libaniosisazrebs ki, sanam bakuris werili xelTar gveqneba, am ukanasknels verasgziTver mivawerT. cnobilia, rom adrebizan-tiuri sazogadoebis aristokratiulifenebisaTvis sakmaod damaxasiaTebeliiyo antikuri filosofiiTa daklasikuri ritorikiT gataceba. maga-liTad, a.bogveraZe kidevac gulisxmobdaanalogiuri viTarebis arsebobasbakuris SemTxvevaSi (13:67-69). uadgiloar unda iyos imis gaxsenebac, rom an-tikuri sofistikiT dainteresebasavlendnen wm. basili didi, wm. ioaneoqropiri, wm. grigol nazianzeli dasxva cnobili saeklesio moRvaweebic.dasaxelebuli pirebi Tavis drozexsenebuli libaniosis mowafeebic iyv-nen (88:92). IV saukunisaTvis qris-tianobis elinizacia faqtiurad das-rulda; saqme iqamde mivida, rom qris-tianoba TviT qristianebma gamoacxades«sibrZnis moyvarebad», «filosofiad»;daiwyo ZvelberZen filosofosTa dapoetTa Txzulebebis Seswavla. basildidma specialuri traqtatic ki mi-uZRvna imas, Tu rogor unda ekiTxaTda ra unda ekiTxaT qristian axal-gazrdebs antikuri xanis poeziidanda filosofiidan. berZnulfilosofias qristianebi daewafnen araTavisTavad, aramed saeklesio-Teologiuri azrovnebisaTvisgamoyenebis mizniT, raTa ekamaTaT«gareSe» filosofosebTan maTTvisgasageb enaze (51:157-158).

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT niSan-doblivad gveCveneba rufinusis iscnobac, rom ierusalimSi binad myofibakuri aramxolod morwmuneobazezrunavda, aramed «WeSmaritebazec». sag-ulisxmoa, rom am cnobas sasulieropiri da saeklesio mwerali gvawvdis.SegviZlia, vifiqroT, rom bakurma rufi-nusis yuradReba miiqcia misi araor-dinaluri azrovnebiTa da mecnieruliZiebebiT, Tanac qristianul morwmu-neobasTan kavSirSi da ara misganganyenebulad.

niSandoblivad gveCveneba is faqtic,rom gelasi kesarieli 390 wlisaTvisbakurs «iberTa Soris saxelovan»pirovnebad moixseniebs; igrZnoba, romam saTariRo niSnulamde bakurs raRaciseTi mniSvnelovani qmedeba hqonda«Cadenili», romelsac erovnuli Tval-sazrisiT didi mniSvneloba eniWebodada romlis gamoc bakurs berZen-romaelsaeklesio mweralTa TvalSi iberielTa(qarTvelTa) Soris gamorCeuli, sax-elganTqmuli adamianis imiji Sehqmnia.

didi bakuris qristianul mrwamszeiribad metyvelebs is faqtic, rom manmxari dauWira imperator Teodosidids evgenios tiranTan omSi. rogorccnobilia, am ukanasknelma, romelicqristianobis moamage Teodosi didis-agan gansxvavebiT warmarTobis mfarve-lad gamodioda, 392 wels, mas Semdegrac sardal arbogastis mxardaWeriTTavi imperiis dasavleTi nawilis im-peratorad gamoacxada, brZana romissenatSi warmarTuli RvTaebis _ viq-toriis samsxverplos bomonis xelaxlaaRdgena, romelic manamde Teodosi I-is brZanebiT gamotanili iqna senati-dan.

zosimes sityviT, 394 wels, rodesacTeodosi evgeniossTan gadamwyveti br-ZolisaTvis emzadeboda, «am samzadisisumTavresi nawili is iyo, rom moexdinakargi arCevani sardlebisa» (31:269);SerCeul sardlebs (timasiosi, vandalistelixoni, goTi gaina, alani saulida sxv.) Soris iricxeboda bakuric.cxadia, es ukanaskneli rom warmarTobismotrfiale yofiliyo, imperatori TavisarCevans masze ar SeaCerebda. Teodosididisa da evgenios tiranisdapirispirebas ZalauflebisaTvis br-Zolis garda religiuri sarCulicgaaCnda da qristianuli eklesiis Tavg-amodebuli qomagi imperatori uTuodiTvaliswinebda aRniSnul faqtors.

werilobiT wyaroebSi jerjerobiTver vidasturebT imas gelasi ke-sarielisa da rufinus akvilelis gar-da hqonda Tu ara did bakurs piradinacnoboba kidev romelime sxva gamoCe-nil saeklesio moRvawesTan. magramzogierTi obieqturi monacemis gaT-valiswinebiT sruliad dasaSvebadgvesaxeba is SesaZlebloba, rom bakurspiradad scnoboda wm. ioane oqropiri(347-407 ww.), romelic 392 welsiberieli mefiswulis libaniosTanstumrobisas iqve, antioqiaSi imyofebodada Tavisi SesaniSnavi qadagebebiTTanamoqalaqeTa Soris uzarmazari av-toritetiT sargeblobda.

did bakurs, rogorc maqsime da evge-nios tiranTa winaaRmdeg Teodosi Ididis mier warmoebuli omebis monaw-iles, Cveni azriT, aseve piradad undascnoboda wm. ambrosi mediolanisepiskoposic (374-397 ww.). cnobilia,rom 394 wlis Semodgomaze amukanasknelma sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyoevgenios tiranze gadamwyveti gamar-jvebis mopovebis Semdeg qalaq medi-olanSi (axl. milanSi) misul keTilm-saxur imperatorsa da mis laSqars,romlis rigebSi, rogorc iTqva, ir-icxeboda sardali bakur iberielic.wm. ambrosis saxeli im droisaTvisSors iyo gavardnili, masTan Sesaxve-drad italiaSi specialurad Cadiodnensxvadasxva qveynis Svilebi (mag. masmediolanSi erTxel sparseTidanac kiewvia Turme ori brZenkaci). Zneladwarmosadgenia, rom WeSmaritebasa damorwmuneobaze zrunviT Sepyrobiliberiel mefiswuls saqveynod cnobiliRmrTismetyvelis axlos gacnobissurvili ar gasCenoda misi italiaSiyofnis Jams.

palestinis sazRvrebis sardladmyof da qalaq ierusalimSi binadade-bul qarTvel mefiswuls, romelicqarTlis moqcevis istorias mouTxrob-da «wminda miwaze» moRvawe ucxoelsaeklesio mwerlebs _ gelasi ke-sarielsa da turanius rufinuss, uTuodpiradad unda scnoboda im periodSiierusalimis eklesiis mRvdelTmoZR-vari, mTavarepiskoposi wm. kirile (350-387 ww.), visi STagonebiTac Seudga, sx-vaTa Soris, «saeklesio istoriis»weras misi diswuli gelasi.

did bakurs unda scnoboda, agreTve,akvileli turanius rufinusis siyrmismegobari da 385 wlidan wminda miwaze,beTlemSi damkvidrebuli laTinuri«vulgatas» (e.i. saRmrTo weriliskanonikuri laTinuri redaqciis) Se-moqmedi netari ieronime (340/42-419/20ww.) da albaT, im drois kidev bevrisxva gamoCenili Tu metnaklebad cno-bili saeklesio moRvawec. dasaxelebulpirebTan bakuris urTierTobebis am-saxveli konkretuli masalis dRemdeaRmouCenlobis faqti zemoaRniSnulivaraudis rezonulobis xelSemSlelpirobad mainc ar unda CaiTvalos.Cven xom jerjerobiT Zlier mwir in-formacias vflobT didi bakuris cx-ovreba-moRvaweobis srul suraTze?!

zemoT aRniSnulis fonze, TavisTavadcxadia, didi bakuris mxriv qristianulisarwmunoebis mimdevrobis faqti ar-aviTar eWvsa da kamaTs ar SeiZlebarom iwvevdes.

Tavi IIIqarTlis samefos politikuri

viTareba 378-394 wlebis periodSi didibakuris samSobloSi dabruneba rom395 wels iguleba, amis Sesaxeb zemoTukve gvqonda saubari. ra viTarebaSimoxda misi samefo taxtze aRzeveba,Zneli saTqmelia. leonti mrovelisTxzulebaSi didi bakuris Sesaxebpraqtikulad araferi weria im ubralomizeziT, rom mematianes is, erTaderTiqristianobis epoqis qarTlis mefee-bidan, gamotovebuli hyavs. arada, saeWvoar aris is, rom leonti icnobda dasargeblobda «moqcevai qarTlisais»qronikiT, sadac CvenTvis sainteresopiri moxseniebulia, bakur TrdatisZis saxeliT: «da mefobda bakur ZeTrdatisi da mTavarepiskoposi iyoelia. da aman aRaSena eklesiai bolnissda imier ganvida da ganaaxlna armaznisparsTa SiSisaTvis» (65:92). leontimrovelTan aRniSnuli mefis saxeli

ki aris gamotovebuli, magram «moqce-vaiSi» masTan dakavSirebiT moyvanilicnobebi iq gamoyenebuli Cans, miweriliawinamorbed da momdevno mefeebisadmi.es ucnauri faqti, erTis mxriv, inter-essac hbadebs da meores mxriv, saTanadoaxsnasac moiTxovs. wyaroTmcodne g.araxamia aRniSnul faqts imiT xsnis,rom «mefeTa cxovrebaSi» «moqcevais-Tan» SedarebiT erTi zedmeti mefe(mirdati) aRmoaCndaT da am SemTxvevaSimematianem TiTqosda «moqcevais» ma-tianeSi warmodgenili qristiani mefee-bis da erismTavrebis raodenobis TavisTxzulebaSi SenarCunebis surviliTixelmZRvanela (8:64-65). es azri romcdagveSva, mainc mogviwevda pasuxis gace-ma SekiTxvaze: ra mizeziT miawerabakurTan dakavSirebuli ambebi mema-tianem, vTqvaT, farsman mefes, romlisSesaxebac «moqcevai qarTlisai»praqtikulad arafers sagulisxmos ariuwyeba? garda amisa, mematianis mxriv«moqcevai qarTlisais» qronikaSi dasax-elebuli mefeebisa da erismTavrebisricxobrivi raodenobis SenarCunebissurvils ratom maincdamainc bakurTrdatis Zis gamotoveba mohyva wyaroSida ara, Tundac «mcired-Jam» mefed my-ofi farsmanisa an sxva romelimexelisuflisa, am kiTxvaze pasuxs vervpoulobT zemoxsenebuli mkvlevriswerilSi. piradad CvenSi eWvs ar iwvevsis faqti, rom didi bakuris saxelileonti mrovelis TxzulebaSi gamo-tovebulia Segnebulad.

377 wels, rogorc ukve aRiniSna,qarTlis samefos or nawilad gayofasparselebma moSales (13:59,73). asfaguri(varaz-bakuri) qveynis erTpirovnulixelmwife Seiqna, xolo gandevnilmasaurmagma (Trdat revis Zem), unda vi-fiqroT, rom bizantiaSi an missazRvrebTan axlos, klarjeTSi daidobina. sparseTsa da bizantias SorismiRweuli SeTanxmebiT somxeTis didnawilze damyarda sparselTa xelisu-fleba, xolo 387 wels dadebulizaviT moxda somxeTis gayofa am orimperias Soris. qarTlis samefokvlavindeburad mTlianad sparselTagavlenis sferoSi rCeboda. somexTamefe xosrov IV (383-388 da 390/91 ww.)Seecada 387 wlis zavis somxeTisaTvismZime pirobebis gadasinjvas, rac qveynismTlianobis aRdgenis surviliT iyonakarnaxebi, da am mizniT keisars mi-marTa TxovniT _ «miendo misTvisberZenTa wili somxeTi, romelsacZvelebur baraqas SeunarCunebda dauklebliv gadaixdida yovelives, rasackeisari Tavisi moxeleebis meSveobiTiRebda», razedac keisari daTanxmebula(67:218).

aRniSnulis gamo xosrov IV-sa dasparseTis Sahs Soris urTierTobaZlier daiZaba. mosalodneli safrTxisTavidan asacileblad somexTa mefembizantielebs pirdapir mosTxovasparselebTan dadebuli zavis darRvevada jaris misTvis miSveleba, rissanacvlod igi mTeli Tavisi qveyniskeisrisaTvis gadacemis pirobas iZleo-da (64:219). ganrisxebulma Sabur III-m(383-388 ww.) somxeTSi didi damsjelijari miavlina. leonti mrovelis cno-biT, «gamogzavna sparsTa mefeman eris-Tavi spiTa didiTa somexTa daqarTvelTa zeda xarkisa dadebad», rissapasuxod «somexTa mogzavnis varaz-baqarissa mociquli da rques, raTaSekrben da moirTon Zali berZenTaganda ganaxunen karni kavkasianTani dagamoiyvanneT ovsni da lekni dawinaaRudgnen sparsTa, da warCinebul-nica Tvisnica etyodes winaadgomasasparsTasa», magram qarTlis mefem «araismina arca somexTa, arca warCinebulTaTvisTa, ...ukujda igi xevsa kaxeTisasa,da aRaSena cixe xidars da ganamagracixe-qalaqni, da ubrZana yovelTadamalen juarni. da movides sparsnipirvelad somxiTs, da moaoxres somxi-Ti» (57:135). «moqcevai qarTlisais» ma-tianec gvidasturebs aRniSnuls: varaz-bakuris zeobisas «sparsTa mefisamarzapanni Semovides sivnieTa da igixidard ukujda... da maSin movida qramxuar borzad sparsTa mefisa pitiaxSitfilisad, kalad cixed, da qarTli

missa xarksa Sedga da somxiTi dasivnieTi da guaspuragani» (68:91-92).movses xorenacis cnobiTac, keisarma«mxari ar dauWira xosrovs da arcsxva romelime ucxo naTesavi daexmaramas», amitom somexTa mefe Tavisi fexiTeaxla sparselTa jaris winamZRolsda misgan datyvevebuli sparseTSi iqnawayvanili (67:219).

leonti mrovelis cnobiT ukeTesmdgomareobaSi arc qarTlis mefeasfaguri aRmoCenila; is Turme «ezraxaSevrdomiT da iTxova mSvidoba»sparselTa erisTavisgan, «xolo eris-Tavman sparsTaman rqua mas: ...gaqundesukue qarTli da xarksa miscemdeTmefeTa xuasrovanTa» da asfagurma«verRara pasuxi miugo SiSisagandidisa, misca rani da movakani, daganukueTa xarki» (57:136). Cvens wyaroeb-Si ar Cans is, Tu ra mizeziT daitexaTavs asfagurma misi Zveli mfarvelis_ sparseTis xelisuflebis risxva.unda vifiqroT, rom es mfarvelobamisTvis sakmaod mZime pirobebs moicav-da. Cans, rom qarTlis mefe xosrov IV-s TanaugrZnobda da etyoba, maT SorisraRac molaparakebasac hqonda adgilisomexTa mefis sparselTagan gandgo-mamde. SesaZloa, sparseTis xelisu-flebam 387 wlis zavis pirobebiTraRacnairad kidev ufro SeuzRudaZalaufleba asfagurs da amiTgaRizianebulma qarTlis mefemsparseTisgan gandgoma ganizraxa. Tum-ca, rogorc ukve vixileT, praqtikuladsomxeT-qarTlis politikuri aliansiar Sedga.

sainteresoa, rom qarTul wyaroebsada movses xorenacis TxzulebaSi aRw-erili zemoxsenebuli movlenebi zustdaTariRebas eqvemdebareba. somexi av-toris cnobiT, sparselTa somxeTSigamolaSqrebis Semdgom maleve gar-dacvlila Sahi Sabur III (383-388 ww.).amdenad sparselTa jaris somxeTSimosvla 388 wlis dasawyisiT undadaTariRdes. qarTlis dalaSqvraze iqaraferia naTqvami, magram aRniSnuliais, rom sparselTa jaris winamZRolma«datova somxeTSi didi razmi» (67:219).aqedan Cans, rom sparselTa samxedroaqcia im dros mxolod droebiT iqnaSewyvetili; safiqrebelia, rom SaburIII-is sikvdilis mizeziT. rom Cven arvcdebiT, amaSi gvarwmunebs «moqcevaiqarTlisais» cnoba «qram xuar borzad(sinur xelnawerSia: «qarzam xuar barzadur» _ ix. 5) sparsTa mefisa pitiax-Sis» mier qarTlis daxarkvis Sesaxeb.aRniSnuli piri, rogorc es Cvens mieriqna gamorkveuli (ix. 102:87-88), realu-rad sparsel pitiaxSs (erisTavs) kiar Seesatyviseba, aramed sparseTis mefebahram IV-s (388-399 ww, romelsac movsesxorenacis sityviT, Turme «krmanic»(Sdr. «qram»-s) hrqmevia saxelad (67:221).maSasadame, qarTli sparselTa moxarkegamxdara 388 wels, bahram IV-is zeobisdasawyisSi. amis Semdeg, rogorc leontimrovelis cnobebiT irkveva, asfagurs(varaz-bakurs) didxans aRar ucocxlia.zogierTi masalebis safuZvelze Segvi-Zlia vivaraudoT, rom is saerTodacaRar (an veRar) dabrunebula sataxtoqalaq mcxeTaSi. sinas mTis monastriserT qarTul xelnawerSi (Sin-50) mo-cemulia sayuradRebo cnoba varaz-bakurisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis (co-lis, ori Zisa da sami asulis) neStebis,rogorc z.aleqsiZe miiCnevs, xidaridan(JinvalTan, md. aragvis marcxena napirze)zedaznis eklesiaSi gadasvenebisSesaxeb. ucnobi avtoris cnobiT, zedaz-nis eklesiaSi arsebuli «erTi igiluskumai varaz-bakur mefisa xidareli-sai ars. da orni Zeni misni _ varaz,varaz-haran da samni asulni da dedaimaTi simenavri gu(a)spuragneli mTavar-Ta Svili» (ix. 5). sainteresoa, rom aR-niSnul cnobaSi ar ixseniebian fars-mani, mirdati da Trdati, romelTacvaraz-baqaris Zeebad asaxelebs leontimroveli, agreTve, sparselebTan 369wels mZevlad myofi ultra asfagurisZe, romlis Sesaxebac amiane marcelinegvamcnobs.

besik xurcilava

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

ejej!cblvsj!rbsUvmj!btpnUbwsvmj!ebnxfsmpcjt!gv[fnefcfmj


amas ganapirobebs ) bgerisgansakuTrebuli unari _ swrafvaxmovani bgerebisaken, ris safuZvelzecxdeba misi ganviTareba (gasrulxmovneba)ama Tu im xmovan bgerad. am safuZvelzemiiReba a, e, i, o, u xmovani bgerebi, ro-gorc ) bgeris fonetikuri variantebi.amis dasturia paraleluri, formo-brivad gansxvavebuli magrammniSvnelobagaudiferenciebeli forme-bi, rogoricaa, magaliTad: Cq)||Cqi `Cven~,g)||gu(||gun) `gavs~, Cq)Cq)||CqiCqi||CqiCqu`bavSvi, Cvili~, l)g)||l)ge||lige||lugeùgemuri~, l)y)||l)ye||laye||liye||luye`myaye~, k)R)||koRo(||koRona) `koRo~ dasxva. amaTTan warmodgenili xmovnebiSinaarsobrivad gaudiferencirebeliaerTmaneTisagan da ) bgerisagan, vinaidanwarmoadgenen ) bgeris semantikuradgaudiferencirebel fonetikur vari-antebs.

magram, es yovelTvis ase rodia.Tanxmovnur formebTan warmodgenili)-bgeriseuli warmomavlobis a, e, i, o, uxmovnebi, Cveulebriv, morfologizird-ebian (iqcevian morfologiur ode-nobad), masTanave, semantizirdebian dagvevlinebian cal-calke fonemebissaxiT, saTanado mniSvnelobaganmasx-vavebeli (distinqciuri) unariT. ase,magaliTad, Ziriseuli TanxmovnuriCx)rCx) formisagan (romelic warmo-mavlobs wylis CuxCuxis gamomxatvelixmabaZviTi CxrrrCrrr bgeraTkomple-qsisgan), miRebulia sxvadasxvamniSvnelobis formebi, rogoricaa, ma-galiTad: CxarCx-ali, CxarCx-afa, Cxer-Cx-eli, CxirCx-ini, CxorCx-olia, Cxur-Cx-uli, mo-CxarCx-alanac), ginmo-Cxar-Cx-alanc), o-CxirCx-inanc), go-CxirCx-in-afili, do-CxorCx-ili da sxva (sul sityva paraleluri, iSviaTad xmarebadida potenciurad SesaZlebeliformebiTurT).

amrigad, Cx)rCx) Ziriseuli Tanx-movnuri formisagan miRebulia CxarCx,CxerCx, CxirCx, CxorCx, CxurCx xmovnuriZirebi, sadac )-bgeriseuli warmomavlo-bis a, e, i, o, u xmovnebi erTmaneTisaganSinaarsobrivadac gadiferencirebuliada gvevlinebian Siga fleqsiis (tipuri

ablautis) saxiT. am safuZvelze isinicvlian fuZis mniSvnelobas.

msgavsadve viTardeba sxvadsxvaxmovan bgerad Cx)rCx) Ziris bolokidu-ra ) bgerac da miiReba CxarCx-a... Cxar-Cx-e... CxarCx-i... CxorCx-o... CxurCx-u...formebi, magram procesi aq ar Cerdeba.saqme is aris, rom ) bgeras, rogorcnaxevradxmovan bgeras, axasiaTebsswrafva ara mxolod xmovani bgere-bisken, aramed Tanxmovnebiskenac,gansakuTrebiT sonorebisken. misi esTviseba Tan gasdevs )-bgeriseuli war-momavlobis a, e, i, o, u xmovan bgerebsac,rac, praqtikulad, marcvlis daxurvismoTxovnasa da realizaciaSi vlindeba.saamisod, mocemuli xmovani bgera vi-wrovdeba da iviTarebs ama Tu imsonor bgeras (rasac gansazRvravsZiriseuli forma). am safuZvelze mi-iReba xmovan-Tanxmovani segmentebi (al,af, el, in, ol, ul da sxva), sufiqsebissaxiT. eseni, Tavis mxriv, morfolo-gizirdebian, semantizirdebian da gvev-linebian garkveuli mniSvnelobis (fun-qciis) mqone sagramatiko saSualebebad.amasTan, zmnur formebSi sufiqsaciisprocesi SeiZleba gagrZeldes moqmede-baSi monawile subieqtur da obieqturpirTa (igive, aqtantaTa) ricxvis mixed-viT. amgvar safuZvelze, formaTa miReba,sqematurad ase gamoisaxeba: Cx)rCx)®Cx-erCx-e®CxerCx-el)®CxerCx-el-a®CxerCx-el-af)®CxerCxel-af-a®CxerCx-el-af-af)®CxerCx-el-af-af-a da sxva.

emfatikuri ) bgera SeiZleba war-moCndes formis dasawyisSic. (amgvariformebi dRemde gvaqvs, magaliTad, sva-nurSi: )rmi (irmi) ìkavebs, iWers~, )rxi(arxi) àmoqnis, amolesavs~, adiReurSi:)-$EaR||)-$Ea-R `man Tqva is~ da sxva eneb-Si). winakidura )-sganaa ganviTarebulixmovani prefiqsebi, magaliTad, qarTulisformebSi: a-$un) (wahyva), e-$un) (a-i-yvana), i-$un) (wa-i-yvana), o-$unuu (ga-a-yola), u-$un) (wa-u-yvana) da sxva.

) bgerisgan SeiZleba ganviTardescalkeuli Tanxmovani bgerebic, rogorcpirdapiri gziT (e. i. uSualod. mag.,)®m, )®v...), aseve arapirdapiri gziT (e. i.risime meSveobiT. mag., )®u®m, )®u®v...). am

safuZvelze, magaliTad, qarTvelurienebis v subieqturi pirveli piris dam obieqturi pirveli piris niSnebi,erTi da imave odenobis () bgeris) orisxvadasxva fonetikuri variantia, da a.S.

)-bgeriseuli warmomavlobis Tanx-movani bgerebi boloSi kvlav iaxlebenra ) bgeras, misgan SiZleba ganviTardesesa Tu is xmovani bgera da miRebuliq-nas Tanxmovan-xmovani segmenti, prefiqsisan zmniswinis saxiT. amave gziT Sei-Zleba maTi rTuli formebis miRebac.

amrigad, fonetikuri transkrifciaenaSi didad ganviTarebuli movlenaa.mis safuZvelzea miRebuli, praqtiku-lad, afiqsebi (sufiqsebi, infiqsebi, pre-fiqsebi), agreTve zmniswinebi, saerTod,sagramatiko saSualebebi dametyvelebis iseTi nawilebic (yovelSemTxvevaSi, maTi udidesi nawili), ro-goricaa: nacvalsaxelebi, zmnizedebi,Tandebulebi, nawilakebi, kavSirebi,Sorisdebulebi (igi detaluradnaCvenebia naSromSi. ix. Svidtomeuli,t. I., gv. 101_148).

zemoaRniSnulis mixedviT, sxvadasxvawarmomavlobisaa, magaliTad, `sis-in-eb-s~ formis Ziriseuli s s bgerebi(miRebuli, _ xmabaZviTi sss Sorisde-bulisgan) da wer-s sityvis s bgera, daa. S. cxadia: i, in, eb, s da sxva sagra-matiko saSualebebi, praqtikulad,fonetikuri transkrifciis gziTaamiRebuli, da genezisurad, warmoadgenen) bgeris fonetikur variantebs, ufrozustad, semantizirebul da saTanadokonkretuli funqciebiT aRWurvilfonetikur variantebs.

amrigad, Tanamedrove ena, praqtiku-lad, warmoadgens pirvelyofilixmabaZviTi Tanxmovnuri formebisa da) bgeris fonetikuri variantebisagan(istoriuli, genetikuri TvalsazrisiT)Sedgenil pirobiT niSanTa sistemas.

zemoaRniSnulTa safuZvelze gamom-dinareobs Semdegi ZiriTadi daskvnebic:pirvelyofili metyveleba iyo xmabaZvi-Ti Ziriseuli Tanxmovnuri metyvelebaerT enaze _ bunebis enaze, rom-lisTvisac imTaviTve iyo damaxasiaTe-

beli dialeqturi metyvelebani, TviTerTi da imave sagnis mier gaRebulibgerebis sxvadasxva adamianis mxriv(sasmeni organoebis aRqmadobis gansx-vavebulobis Sedegad) sxvadasxvagvaradaRqma-gamoxatvis gamo. ase, magaliTad,is bgera, romelic Cven, qarTul-qarTveluri modgmis adamianebsdasabamidan dRemde gvesmoda da gvesmisW-Ti, erovnebiT rusebs, slavebs esmodaTda esmiT rogorc C. amitomac, bunebaSimocemuli bgerebisadmi mravalaTaswlovani xmabaZviTobis SedegadgangviviTarda Sesabamisi sawarmoTqmoCveva anu saartikulacio bazisi. amit-omac gvaqvs gansxvavebuli formebi:Wurxuli (megr.), WikWiki (qarT.), daCirikanie (rus.). amitomac ver war-moTqvams, dResac, rusulenovani adamianisaxels WiWiko da mis nacvlad ambobsCiCiko.

cxadia, aRniSnuli faqti gaxda erT-erTi ZiriTadi safuZveli, SemdgomSi,sxvadasxva enebis warmoSobisa (Sdr.:megrul-qarTul-inglisur-germanuliSesatyvisobani, rogoricaa, magaliTad:guguli _ guguli _ kukuSka _ ququ _kukuk; yayali _ yiyini _ kvakvanie _qrouqing _ qvaqen; z)rzini _ zuzuni _JuJJanie _ buz _ zauzen; x)rxini _xixini _ xrepet _ qreviTeiSn _ Srauxen;Wurxuli _ WikWiki _ Cirikanie _Cifing _ cviSCen da sxva.). misi meoreZiriTadi safuZveli gaxda saganTaerTi nawilis saxeldeba araxmabaZviTsafuZvelze, anu `wminda wylis~ piro-biTi niSnebiT, risTvisac adamianma,uTuod, gamoiyena ukve mis gankargule-baSi arsebuli bgerebi, maTgan Sedge-nili formebi, rac meoreuli (gvian-deli) movlenaa enaSi.

maSasadame, enobrivi erTeuli, _ sity-va, da am safuZvelze, _ ena, mTlianobaSi,Sedgeba racionaluri da ira-cionaluri, bunebiTi da arabunebiTi(pirobiTi) sawyisebisagan.

mamanti ZaZamia,profesori, akademikosi

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

aucileblobiT ganpirobebuli komentarebi kukuri fifias da sxvaTa sagazeTo publikaciebze

saqarTvelos eqsprezidentmasaakaSvilma da amJamindelma _margvelaSvilma ukve meored ga-monaxes konfidencialuriSexvedris saSualeba. orjerve esmoxda qveynebSi, sadac ruseTi-sadmi „gansakuTrebul simpaTiebsar ganicdian“: Tavdapirvelad _ukrainaSi, sadac oriveporoSenkos inauguraciaze mii-wvies, gasul kviras ki _ poloneT-Si, sadac margvelaSvili ofi-cialuri vizitiT imyofeboda,xolo varSavaSi „kazimir pulask-is fondma“ mixeil saakaSvils„Tavisuflebis raindis“ jildomianiWa. „general pulaskis fondi„Tavisuflebis raindis“ am jil-dos yovelwliurad gadascems:Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisada demokratiisTvis brZolaSigansakuTrebuli RvawlisaTviscnobil politikosebs. „Tavisu-flebis raindis“ wodebasa dajildosTan erTad, laureatsgadascemen general pulaskissazeimo xmlis asls _ sworediseTs, rogorsac atarebdapolonelebisa da amerikelebisTavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli, aSS-is damoukideblobisTvis omSikontinenturi armiis generalikazimir pulaski, romelsac„amerikis kavaleriis mamas“uwodeben.

sxvadasxva dros general pu-laskis saxelobis „Tavisuflebisraindis“ jildo gadaecaT:poloneTis prezident leh valen-sas, poloneTis prezident ale-qsandr kvasnevskis, litvis prezi-dent valdas adamkuss, latviisprezident vaira vike-freibergas,agreTve: havier solanas, bernarkuSners, aSS-is senator riCardlugars“, _ wers naxevrad umecarisaakaSvili Facebook-is sakuTargverdze.

da ai, 2014 wlis 6 dekembridan„am Tbil kompanias“ kidev erTisapatio wevri _ samSobloSimravalricxovani sisxlissamarTlis danaSaulisTvis Zeb-nili, samxedro damnaSave, romel-mac 2008 wlis 8 agvistos kaco-briobis winaaRmdeg danaSauliCaidina da Tavisi qveynis mo-qalaqeebis genocidi moawyo,jalaTi, romlis brZanebiTac cix-eSi daxvewilad awamebdnen aTobiTaTas udanaSaulo saqarTvelosmoqalaqes, premier-ministr Jvaniasmkvleli, biznesmenebis reketiori,narkomani da seqsualuri maniakisaqarTvelos mesame prezidentimixeil saakaSvili daemata!

saqinformi

P.S. qarTvelebze kargad vinicis, Tu rogori “guladia” pir-

wavardnili maniaki da daSnakimixeil saakianci. misi saomariSemarTeba gorSi gamoCnda 2008wlis agvistoSi, roca man TviTm-frinavis xmis gagonebisas, Si-Sisagan Tavzardacemulma dac-vas Seatova safrangeTissagareo saqmeTa ministri, asevepolonuri jildos mflobelibernar kuSneri da mdu-Raregadasxmul virTxasaviT axnacxviriT miwa.

mokled, RmerTma nu gamouliosamgvari qveSafsia gmirebi impoloneTsa da polonelebs, rom-lebicze wamogebul “mamalo kam-fetiviT” aRma-daRma daatarebenqarTvelebis mier istoriissanagveze mosrolil saakiancs!ufalma gagvimarTla, eTnikuradqarTveli rom ar aris es arakaci,Torem qarTvelebs namdvilad argveqneboda xalxSi Tavi gamosay-ofi!

amasTan dakavSirebiT saintere-so mosazreba gamoaqveyna feis-buqis sakuTar gverdze saxalxomoZraoba “samegrelos” zugdidisofisis xelmZRvanelma zurabkvaracxeliam: “giJi Tavisufaliaoki gamigia, magram... mas ,,Tavisu-flebis raindis" wodeba mianiWo_ es ukve nametania!!! msoflioSi,rogorc Cans WeSmariti faseu-lobebis devalvireba moxda!..samwuxaroa!!!!

saakaSvils „Tavisuflebisraindis“ wodeba da jildo mi-aniWes.

general pulaskis fondi „Tavi-suflebis raindis“ jildosgadascems: Tavisuflebis, samarT-lianobisa da demokratiisTvisbrZolaSi gamorCeuls...”

damnaSave saakaSvilis dajildoeba ekonomikuri sabWosmdivnis postze romanCxenkels biznesombudsmeni

giorgi gaxariaSecvlis

premier-ministris pressamsaxuris mier gamoqveyneb-ul informaciaSi naTqvamia:

“saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi sakadro cvlilebebigrZeldeba. ramdenime Tvis win samTavrobo gundSi ram-denime ministri Seicvala. dasaxuli miznebis Sesas-ruleblad da saxelmwifo struqturebis ufro efeq-turad muSaobisTvis cvlilebebi qveda rgolebsac Se-exo.

cvlilebebi ganxorcielda usafrTxoebisa dakrizisebis marTvis da ekonomikur sabWoebSi.

ekonomikuri sabWos mdivnis posts Caibarebs bizne-sombudsmeni giorgi gaxaria. is aseve SeinarCunebsbiznesombudsmenis Tanamdebobas.

igi 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi aqtiurad TanamSromlobdabiznes seqtorTan, erkveva mimdinare ekonomikur pro-cesebSi da kargad icis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi,romelic dRes bizness saxelmwifosgan sWirdeba”, _acxadeben premieris pressamsaxurSi.

saqinformi

raindis wodebis miniWebamderaindis wodebis miniWebis

Semdeg


ramdenad marTebulia miwis yidva, gayidva da gasxviseba kerZo sakuTrebaSisaqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis ilia meoris sakviraoqadagebasa da gacxadebaze miwis

yidva-gayidvisa da gasxvisebisSesaxeb xelisuflebis mimarTvaze

gamoxmaurebayovelgvari mikibv-mokibvisa da maR-

alfardovani sityvakazmuli gamoTqme-bis gareSe, aRSfoTebas (gaocebas,gakvirvebas) ver vfarav maSin, rocasaqme exeba miwis (dedamiwis da misibunebrivi resursebis) yidva-gayidvasda gadacemas (gasxvisebas) kerZosakuTrebaSi da miTumetes roca esxdeba ucxo qveynebis moqalaqeebze.

vidre mTavar saTqmels vityodeT,manamde mokled SevexoT terminebissakuTrebis da miwis arsis gagebas(Semecnebas).

zogadi ganmartebiT sakuTreba esaris sagnebis (obieqtebis), materialurida sulieri faseulobebis garkveulipirebis kuTvnileba, aseTi kuTvnilebisiuridiuli ufleba da ekonomikuriurTierTobebi adamianebs SorissakuTrebis obieqtebis kuTvnilebis,gayofis da gadanawilebis sababiT.

sakuTrebis obieqtebs miekuTvnebamaterialuri, finansuri, inteleqtu-aluri produqti, ekonomikuri resurse-bi, romlebic ekuTvnis garkveulpirovnebebs, organizaciebsa da sax-elmwifos.

sakuTreba es aris adamianTa Sorissazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri urTierTo-bis gamomxatveli kategoria da isevecvalebadia, rogorc sazogadoebisekonomikuri struqtura. sakuTrebaaris warmoebis, ganawilebis, gacvlisda moxmarebis procesSi Camoyalibebu-li obieqturi kavSirebis sistema, ma-terialuri dovlaTis miTvisebisgansazRvruli socialur-ekonomikuriforma.

zemoT naTqvamidan Cans, rom sakuTre-bis socialur-ekonomikuri kategoriisarsis ganmartebaSi arsad ar fig-urirebs miwa, rogorc kerZo sakuTrebisobieqti.

miwa aris erTaderTi da sayovelTaosafuZveli sicocxlis arsebobis. mis(miwis) gareSe ar arsebobs sicocxle.miwa (dedamiwa) aris sayovelTao war-moebis saSualeba.

termini miwa (dedamiwa) ekonomikaSigamoiyeneba rogorc bunebrivi resurse-bi, romlis sargebloba SesaZlebeliawarmoebaSi, amitom aRiarebulia war-moebis faqtorad. miwa aris resursi,romelic sasoflo-sameurneo produqci-is warmoebisTvis da qveynis mSeneblo-bisTvis gamoiyeneba. igi aris warmoebissaSualeba.

rogorc am patara mimoxilvidanvxedavT miwas uzarmazari (ganuzomeli)Seufasebeli roli akisria dedamiwazesicocxlis arsebobaSi da ar SeiZlebaSemoifarglos viwro kerZo sakuTrebisuflebiT.

saerTod, kerZo sakuTrebis aRorZine-ba kacobriobis istoriaSi dakavSire-bulia sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebisim safexurTan, roca adamians, individs,saSualeba mieca ewarmoebina zedmetiproduqti _ es aris etapi, roca sazo-gadoebis sawarmoo Zalebis ganviTare-baSi moxda naxtomi, sawarmoo ZalebiSevida axal Tvisebriv fazaSi dagansazRvra ufro maRali safexuri(etapi) adamianTa ekonomikuri urTier-Tobebis ganviTarebaSi.

kerZo sakuTrebis aRmocenebam xeliSeuwyo sazogadoebis sawarmoo ZalebisganviTarebas da dasabami misca axaliekonomikuri sistemis warmoSobas. kerZosakuTrebis warmoqmna imTaviTve erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlenaiyo kacobriobis istoriaSi.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,kerZo sakuTrebaSi SeiZleba arsebobdesmxolod adamianis SromiT Seqmnilimaterialuri dovlaTi (faseuloba),romelsac aqvs Rirebuleba daSesabamisad fasic. maSin is SeiZlebayidva-gayidvis obieqtic gaxdes. arviziarebT sazogadoebaSi farTodgavrcelebul mcdar (cru) Sexedulebasimis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos miwis (dedami-wis bunebrivi resursebiT) _ iyo, arisda SemdgomSic misi yidva-gayidva,gasxviseba dasaSvebia. istoriuladbunebis produqtebiT sargeblobam damiTvisebam TandaTanobiT sakuTrebis

saxe miiRo da damoukidebel formadCamoyalibda, magram es imas ar niSnavs,rom miwa kerZo sakuTrebis obieqtiaris.

adamiani bunebas iyenebs ara rogorccxoveli, aramed masTan urTierTobaSieqceva garkveuli sazogadoebrivi for-miT, romelic ganpirobebulia adamianTasazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mocemulisistemiT.

dedamiwa (samyaro) aris RmerTismier Seqmnili da warmoadgens sic-ocxlis arsebobis sayovelTaosaSualebas. is ar aris adamianisSromiT Seqmnili materialuri(ekonomikuri) resursebi, amitom miwasar aqvs Rirebuleba da Sesabamisadfasic. misi Sefaseba SeuZlebelia daarc yidva-gayidva aris SesaZlebeli.

adamianTa sazogadoebas, Tu swamTRmerTi da aRiareben uflis arsebobas,maSin mis mier Seqmnili samyaroc(dedamiwac) unda irwmunon da miiRonsaCuqrad isev RmerTis mier Seqmniliadamianebis arsebobisaTvis (sic-ocxlisaTvis).

dedamiwa (miwa) aris sicocxlis ar-sebobis sayovelTao safuZveli, dedami-wis gareSe sicocxle ar arsebobs.amitom ar SeiZleba miwa (dedamiwa)kerZo sakuTreba iyos.

kerZo sakuTrebad SeiZleba CaiTva-los mxolod adamianis SromiT Seqm-nili materialuri dovlaTi, romelsacaqvs Rirebuleba, (Rirebuleba arissaqonelSi ganivTebuli sazogadoebriviSroma) saxmari Rirebuleba da fasi.aseTi obieqtebi (nivTebi) miekuTvnebakerZo sakuTrebasac da misi yidva-gayidvac SeiZleba. xolo rac Seexebamiwas (dedamiwas) is arc kerZo sakuTre-baa da arc yidva-gayidvis obieqtia.

miwa soflis meurneobaSi say-ovelTao (mTavari, ZiriTadi) warmoebisfaqtoria da saerTod yovelgvari war-moebis safuZvelTa safuZvelia, radganraodenobrivad igi SezRudulia. miwawarmoebis bunebrivi faqtoria.

miwaze (dedamiwaze) adamianis SromiTSeqmnili materialuri dovlaTi (faseu-loba, resursi Tu sxv.) aris kerZosakuTrebac da yidva-gayidvis obieqtic.

amJamad farTod aRiarebulia(gavrcelebulia) Sexeduleba, rom kerZosakuTrebis sagans (nivTi, obieqti) war-moadgens miwa, rac mizanSewonilad armimaCnia zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomd-inare. amis damadastureblad SeiZlebamoviyvanoT aseTi magaliTi: rogorccnobilia monaTmflobeluriwyobilebis periodSi monis saxiT adami-ani kerZo sakuTrebis obieqts warmoad-genda, magram gana es marTebulia? aseTiqmedeba yovlad gaumarTlebelia.

naTqvamidan gamomdinareobs, rom miwada adamiani RmerTis Seqmnilia damaTi kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebobayovlad SeuZlebelia.

miwa (igulisxmeba dedamiwa mTelimisi bunebrivi resursebiTurT) arissaxelmwifos sargeblobaSi mTeli misikuTvnili arealiT, romelic erissakuTrebaa. miwa saxelmwifos SeuZliagadasces Tavis mosaxleobas (mo-qalaqeebs) mxolod uvado sarge-blobaSi im odenobiT (normiT) racmaTi saWiroebisaTvis aris sakmarisida saTanado movla-patronobas gauwevs(SeZlebs) mas. Tu miwaTmflobeli efe-qtianad ver gamoiyenebs miwas, maSinmas unda CamoerTvas is da gadaeces impirs vinc SeZlebs mis efeqtiangamoyenebas.

amrigad, rac Seexeba miwis gayidva-gasxvisebis problemas, is Seexeba mx-olod miwaze adamianis SromiT Seqmnilmaterialur resursebs.

qarTvel ers RmerTma uboZa RvTism-Soblis wilxvedri qveynis miwa-wyalida misi gayidvis ufleba aravis araaqvs, miT umetes ucxo qveynis mo-qalaqeebze. RmerTi gwamT?

miwa aris eris xelSeuxebeli sasic-ocxlo sakuTreba da ulevi simdidre.miwis gayidva da gasxviseba ucxoeTisqveynis moqalaqeebze da miRebulifuliT saxelmwifo biujetis Sevsebada „SeWma“ yovlad gaumarTlebelia dausastikesi danaSaulia erisa da Rmer-Tis winaSe. bibliaSi aRniSnulia: „miwasamudamod ar unda gaiyidos, radganCemia miwa da Tqven mdgmurebi daxiznebi xarT CemTan“ (biblia, Zveli aR-qma, levianni. Tavi25, muxli 23. Tb. 1989)

amieridan mainc unda moeRos bolosamSoblos moRalateobis saqmianobas,manam sanam jer kidev mcire doziTSegvrCenia sindis-namusis grZnoba (Tana-grZnoba), erisadmi (samSoblosadmi) pa-tiviscema (siyvaruli) da uflisadmirwmena.

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosmarTvis maRalxarisxiani

sakanonmdeblo dokumentebismomzadebis (miRebis) wesebis

Tanmimdevrobis gaumjobesebissakiTxebi

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas,rom saqarTvelos parlamenti kanono-maniiTaa Sepyrobili. gaumarTlebeliayvelaferze kanonebis miReba daCqare-buli wesiT, rac Zalian xSirad iwvevsgauazrebeli Sinaarsis da uxeSi Sec-domebiT savse uxarisxo iuridiulidokumentebis miRebas, romlebicwamdauwum iwveven daSvebuli Secdome-bis Sesworebebs jer kidev manamde,vidre moqmedebaSi Sevidodes (amoqmed-debodes). xSirad kanonis saxes (formas)aZleven iseT normatiul aqts (doku-ments), romelic sul sxva Sinaarsis(debulebis, instruqciis da sxva)matarebelia.

amJamad saqarTveloSi kanonebis dasaxelmwifos maregulirebeli doku-mentebis proeqtebi TiTqmis xelmiuwv-domelia farTo masebisaTvis gasac-nobad saqmiani SeniSvnebis da winadade-bebis gamosaTqmelad, rac maT xarisxsgaaumjobesebs.

axla saqarTvelos parlamentis ofi-cialuri beWdviTi organo, romelSicqveyndeba kanonebi, kodeqsebi da sxvanormatiuli aqtebi (dokumentebi) arisSemdegi gamocemebi: “saqarTvelossakanonmdeblo macne“, saqarTvelosparlamentis uwyebani“ da arsebobs in-ternetSi saqarTvelos parlamentisveb gverdi. magram eseni ar gamodisfarTo fenebisaTvis da am dokumentebisproeqtebis saxalxo ganxilva ar war-moebs, rac iwvevs bevri ramis gauT-valiswineblobasda uxeSi SecdomebisdaSvebas dokumentebis SinaarsSi.

vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos parlamentismier miRebulma iuridiulma doku-mentebma srulyofili forma (saxe),rom miiRos, amisaTvis saWiroa maTiproeqtebi winaswar ramdenime dRiTadre gamoqveyndes masobrivi tiraJiTpresaSi sajarod gansaxilvelad,amisaTvis ki sakmarisi ar arisdReisaTvis (amJamad) arsebuli sain-formacio saSualebebi. amitom saWiroaSeiqmnas saqarTvelos samTavrobo ansaparlamento specialuri gazeTi ma-sobrivi tiraJiT, ufaso an Zalianiafad, rom xelmisawvdomi iyos farTomasebisaTvis, romelic gamoicema peri-odulobiT saWiroebisamebr, romelSicdaibeWdeba samTavrobo da saparlamen-to yvela iuridiuli dokumentis proe-qtic da damtkicebulic. Tu eswinadadeba miuRebeli iqneba, maSin Sei-Zleba sxva beWdviTi akademiuri gamo-cema (mag. gazeTi “saqarTvelos re-spublika) gamoviyenoT, romelSic Se-moviRoT rubrika “sakanonmdeblo aqte-bi“ da masSi daibeWdos saqarTvelossaxelmwifos administraciuli-mmarTvelobiTi yvela maregulirebeliiuridiuli Zalis mqone dokumentebis(normatiuli aqtebis) proeqtebic dasamoqmedod miRebulic (damtkicebu-lic)kerZod: konstitucia (ZiriTadi,mTavari kanoni), kanonebi, kodeqsebi, dad-genilebebi, gankargulebebi, debulebebi,instruqciebi da sxva oficialuridokumentebi, romlebis codnac saWiroasawarmo-organizaciebis administraci-isaTvis (iuridiuli pirebisaTvis) dasxva farTod dainteresebuli fizikuripirebisaTvis. amisaTvis saWiro iqnebagazeTis tiraJis gazrda da biujetisxarjze gaiafeba, rom SeZlos farTosazogadoebam misi yidva (SeZena). amavegazeTSi unda daibeWdos dokumentebisproeqtebis sayovelTao (sajaro) ganx-ilvis periodSi (procesSi) farTo mk-iTxvelis mier werilobiT mowodebulgamoxmaurebaSi gamoTqmuli kritikuliwinadadebebic (dadebiTic da uary-ofiTic). amisaTvis presasTan undaSeiqmnas specialuri komisia (muSajgufi), romelic Jurnal-gazeTebSi(presaSi) gamoqveynebul saqmianwinadadebebs, gonivrul mosazrebebs

daalagebs, Seiswavlis gaanalizebs, daa-jgufebs maT sagnobrivad da gadascemsnaerTs saparlamento komisias gasac-nobad da Semdgomi msvlelobis mis-acemad (dasamuSaveblad). saparlamentokomisia Tavis mxriv Seiswavlis war-modgenil winadadebebs, mosazrebebs,rCevebs da aqedan saukeTeso mosazrebas,rekomendacias miscems parlaments gaiT-valiswinon kanonproeqtis damtkicebisdrossesiaze. aseTi TanmimdevrobiT Se-muSavebuli kanonproeqti da parla-mentis sesiaze damtkicebuli kanoniiqneba xarisxiani da srulyofili, sta-biluri. misi forma da SinaarsiSesabamisobaSi iqneba moyvanili dawamdauwum ar dasWirdeba cvlilebebisSetana. kanoni unda iyos kanoni.

saxelmwifos marTvis (menejmentis)iuridiuli dokumentebis damtkice-bisadmi zemoT aRniSnuli meTodiT(wesiT) midgoma saWiroa imisTvis, rommTavrobisa da parlamentis gareTmyofi(darCenili) mecnierebis, swavlulebis,maRalkvalificiuri specialistebis,sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebis Teo-riuli da praqtikuli codna gamoyeneb-uli iqnas ama Tu im problemis (sak-iTxis) gonivrulad gadasawyvetad kano-nis miRebis dros. kanonproeqtebis say-ovelTao saxalxo ganxilvisadmi aseTiwesiT midgoma gazrdis sazogadoebisrols iuridiuli dokumentebis xarisx-ianobis amarlebaSi.

Cemi azriT (SexedulebiT) kanonmde-blebs ver gauTviTcnobierebiaT kanoniscnebis arsi, rom is unda asaxavdessagnebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebulu r T i e r T d a m o k i d e b u l e b a s ,urTierTkavSirs da kanonzomierebas.kanonebi aris obieqturi da subieqturi.obieqturi kanonis (samyaroSi, bunebaSidamoukideblad arsebuli) sanimuSomagaliTia msoflio mizidulobiskanoni, xolo subieqturi anu iuridi-uli kanoni aris sakanonmdebloxelisuflebis mier dadgenili yve-lasaTvis savaldebulo wesiT Sesas-rulebeli kanoni, romlis magaliTiasaqarTvelos konstitucia (ZiriTadi,mTavari kanoni), saarCevno kodeqsi(kanonTa krebuli) da a.S. amitom yvelanormatiuli dokumenti, romlebic arakmayofileben kanonis cnebis moTx-ovnebs ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos kanonad.amrigad, iuridiuli kanoni or movle-nasSoris kanonzomierebas unda asax-avdes da kanonis cnebis arss akmay-ofilebdes, rom stabiluri xasiaTihqondes. kanoni ablabudisebr ar undaxlarTavdes qselSi msxverpls. gamou-val mdgomareobaSi vardebian individ-ualuri adamianebi (pirebi) da sawarmoorganizaciebis xelmZRvanelebi. vergaugiaT Tavi da bolo aseTikanonebisTvis.

kanonTa sistemidan gansakuTrebuliyuradReba unda mieqces konstituciis(ZiriTadi kanoni) miRebis problemebs,vinaidan ar warmoiSvas ase xSirad(gamudmebiT) cvlilebis SetanissaWiroeba.

politikur-iuridiuli gagebiT kon-stitucia saxelmwifos ZiriTadi kanonia.magram es ar aris mxolod iuridiulitermini. konstitucia laTinuri sityvagamoiyeneba erTi rogis movlenebismniSvnelobiT (aRmniSvnelad) mowyoba,dadgena, damkvidreba, daweseba, agebuleba,mdgomareoba da a.S.

konstitucia imitom aris ZiriTadikanoni, rom igi awesebs, adgens qveynissazogadoebriv-politikuri wyobilebispirovnebis da saxelmwifos urTier-Tobis, saxelmwifos organoTa sistemisada maTi uflebamosilebis ganm-sazRvrel fuZemdeblur normebs.swored sakanonmdeblo wesiT miRebulida damtkicebuli aseTi normebi Sead-genen konstitucias _ sxva kanonebTanSedarebiT umaRles sakanonmdebloaqts. konstitucia aris saxelmwifosyovelmxriv momwesrigebeli mareg-ulirebeli mTavari kanoni, romelicgansazRvravs saxelmwifosa da qveynisadministraciul-teritoriul mowyobas,saarCevno sistemas, saxelmwifosmmarTvelobiTi (menejmentis) organoe-bisa da moqmedebis principebs. kon-stitucias unda axasiaTebdes simyare,mudmivoba, saxelmwifoebrivi rwmena, pa-tiosneba da erTianoba.

WiWiko adeiSvili(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)


amonaridi m. qarTvelis wignebidan

saeklesio qoronikonis Tanaxmad,

macxovari ieso qriste daibada Zveli

welTaRricxvis oTx (4) wels. Tu es

informacia sworia, maSin 1996 wels

Sesrulda ori (2) aTasi weli (ori

dRe) qristeSobidan. 2008 wels elia

winaswarmetyveli da graalis Tasis

saZmos sulieri simwifis done gaus-

worda Tormeti wlis iesos dones.

2012 wlisTvis mcire aziis israeli

da misi megobrebi (aSS da evrokavSiri)

unda daejaxon iransa da islamur-

arabul samyaros. ris Sedegadac mi-

wasTan gaswordeba qristes moZule

mcire aziis israeli da ierusalimi.

rogorc ki es moxdeba, macxovari ieso

mraval wmida mamaTa laSqriT Camova

dedamiwaze da jvris monastris mTidan

gamoecxadeba wmida suveticxovels.

amin! yvelaferi es ase moxdeba Tu

dedamiwieri eklesiis kalendari emTxve-

va mama RmerTis kosmiuri eklesiis

kalendars. SesaZloa cdomileba iyos

ori weli.

rogorc adre giTxariT, farnavaz-

qujis istoriuli misiis Sedegad

iberiuli qarTuli ena gaxda yovelTa

qarTvelTa sasuliero da saxelmwifo

ena. farnavazma saqarTvelos sasuliero

centris niSnad aRmarTa xis suheti,

romelic iyo sicocxlis xis (saxare-

bis) simbolo. amis garda, xaris didi

gamosaxuleba dadga iq, sadac axla

aRmarTulia jvris monasteri. esec

aris sa-xar-ebis simbolo. piramidis

mucelSi moTavsebuli xaric aris qar-

Tuli enisa da saxarebis simbolo.

isev vimeoreb, dasavleT saqarTvelo-

dan (noqalaqevi) aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi (mcxeTa) sasuliero da

politikuri centris gadatana iyo bib-

liuri anderZis aRsruleba, anu

megruli enis (semis) sulieri misiidan

saqarTvelos (kolxeTis) gadayvana

iberiuli enis (iafeTis) sulier misi-

aze. ufro zustad, esaa qarTuli tomisa

da saxelmwifos winaswari Semzadeba,

moses rjulidan (VI eklesia), qristes

religiaze (VII eklesia) gadasasvlelad

– cnobieri xarisxis misaRebad.

amitom gveubneba wmida biblia:

`kurTxeul iyos ufalo, RmerTi semisa!morCilad gauxdes mas qanaani! ganu-farTovos RmerTma iafeTs, semis karveb-Si (megruli enis saxelmwifoSi, kolx-

eTSi) daemkvidros! daemorCilos masqanaani! (dab. 9,26-27).

semi aris megruli ena da moses

Tora (orTa, arTo), xolo semitebi ar-

ian moses marTlmadidebluri Toras

mimdevari xalxebi, maT Soris

mcireazieli iesos mkvleli uria iude-

velebic. sabWoTa kavSiris xalxebi

iyvnen marqsistebi, marqsis utopiuri

moZRvrebis mimdevrebi da ara marqsis

uriuli erovnebisani. ebraeli aris

sulieri xarisxis kategoria da ara

nacia da tomi, analogiuri qristiani.

rogorc ki qarTvelebi Sevidnen

(moinaTlnen) qristes meSvide (VII) ek-

lesiaSi, daiwyes saqarTvelos mTeli

teritoriis morTva jvrebiTa da sam-

locvelo saxlebiT. qarTuli sufra

wmida mamebma gadaaqcies samlocvelo-

liturgiul sistemad. umecari amerika

da evropa qarTvelebis Rvinis dalevis

samlocvelo rituals dascinis, es

igivea, rom hamlet gonaSvils yru-

munjma dascinos da simRera dauwunos.

sityva rom ar gamigrZeldes, mokled

mogaxsenebT: “azuri (qarTuli) sulieri

da xorcieli qalwulobis (ubiwobis)

marTlmadidebluri institutis wmida

wiaRidan warmoiSvan bibliuri wmida

mamebi da patriarqebi: adami, SeTi, enoSi,kainani, maxaeli, iaredi, enoqi, me-

TuSalaxi, lamewi, noe (svanuri enis

sasuliero misiis dasasruli da

megruli enis misiis dasabami) semi, ar-

faqSadi, Salaxi, yeberi, falegi,reRu,

serugi, naxori, Teraxi, abraami, isaki,iakobi, mose, nave, I ezra, neemia, II ezra,

tobiaTi, ivdiTi, esTeri, iobi, daviTi,

solomoni, eklesiste, ziraqi, esaia,ieremia, baruqi, ezekia, danieli, osia,

ioveli, amosi, abdia, iona, miqa, naumi,

abakumi, sofonia, anbia, zaqaria, malaqia,III ezra, quji bagrationi (megruli

enis sasuliero misiis dasasruli da

iberiuli enis iafeTis misiis da-

sawyisi), farnavazi – qarTlosis bagra-

tioni, ieso qriste – muSvan-dadiani-

bagrationi, Tormeti mociquli, maxarob-

lebi, wmida nino – kabadokieli bagra-

tioni, mirian mefe – qarTlosis bagra-

tioni, vaxtang gorgasali – qarTlosis

bagrationi, SuSanik wamebuli, daviT

aRmaSenebeli – sabedianos bagrationi,ioane zosime – wmida kaci, SoTa rus-

Taveli – wmida kaci, cotne dadiani –

erovnuli gmiri, Tamar mefe –geniosi

qali, demetre Tavdadebuli, Tornike

erisTavi, petre iberi, ruseTis mTavrebi

da mefeebi dolgorukebi-mxargrZeli,giorgi brwyinvale-mesxi bagrationi,

sargis Tmogveli, ioane SavTeli, iakob

curtaveli, merCule, grigol xanZTeli,daviT da konstantine, qeTevan wamebuli

– wmidani, wmida mamebi, sulxan-saba,

daviT guramiSvili, erekle II-kaxi bagra-

tioni, nikoloz baraTaSvili, rafiel

erisTavi, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli,

vaJa-fSavela, aleqsandre yazbegi, iakobgogebaSvili, ambrosi xelaia _ wmida

patriarqi, eqvTime TayaiSvili, zviad

gamsaxurdia, merab kostava, eliawinaswarmetyveli da graalis Tasis

saZmo, gamovida qarTuli jiSidan da

jilagidan. amin! urwmuno TomebisTvis

ganvmartav: drois Zalian grZel mon-

akveTSi arsebobda veluri lazuri

(qarTuli) ena, romelmac patriarq

adamamde gamoiara ganviTarebis 280-290

aTaswliani gza. im qarTul enas, rom-

liTac patriarqma adamma dawera

rjulis werili, ewodeba qami (svanuri

qarTuli), romelsac TandaTanobiT

gamoeyo (misgan aRmocenda) sasuliero

lazuri ena semi (megruli qarTuli),

romliTac mosem dawera meore marTl-

madidebluri rjuli. megrul enas Tan-

daTanobiT gamoeyo (misgan aRmocenda)

sasuliero lazuri ena iafeTi (iberi-

uli qarTuli). qristes moRvaweobis

epoqaSi dasavleT da aRmosavleT

saqarTvelo iwodeboda kolxeTad

(iberiad). Cveni welTaRricxvis IX

saukuneSi qarTvelma wmida mamebma da

bagrationebma daadgines saxeldeba

(kodi) qa-rTveli, romelic qristes (qa)

rTvels (venaxi, vazs, yurZens, Rvinos,

marans da wmida salocavebs gulisx-

mobs). qarTveli qristes meSvide ekle-

sias, xolo ebraeli moses meeqvse

marTlmadideblur eklesias gulisx-

mobs.

RvTaebrivi biblia gveubneba, noem

kidobanSi Seiyvanao: qami (svanuri

qarTveli), semi (megruli qarTuli) da

iafeTi (iberiuli qarTuli), xolo da-

narCeni enebi rac ki dedamiwaze arse-

bobs, isini kidobnis (RmerTis sjulis

enis) gareT datovao. amrigad, qristes

meored mosvlis Semdeg kacobrioba

ilaparakebs: svanuri qarTuliT,

megruli qarTuliT da iberiuli qar-

Tuli eniTao. es ispoba da qreba

(wyalSi ixrCoba). amitom gvaswavlis

geniosi rusTaveli: àr SeamokoT qar-

Tuli, ara hqmnaT sityva mcirobao~.

sameba qarTuli aris mTliani saRvTo

ena...

isini, vinc megruli enis irgvliv

CaliCoben, ar esmiT ra undaT, ras

eZeben, risi miRweva surT, Tanamedrove

msoflioSi yvelaze didi megreli me

var, megobrebo, megreloba ki araa mag-

ari, aramed magaria am enis kodiuri

Sinaarsi, romelmac Seqmna meore kolx-

uri civilizacia da qristeSobamde

msoflio civilizacia. mosem Tora

(orTa, arTo) RvTis sityva dawera

megruli enis kodiT, romelic Senaxu-

lia da moelis mas dRes meored

mosvlisa uflisasa. dedamiwaze male

mova ieso qriste da uamravi wmida ma-

maTa gundi. isini kacobriobas mcxeTis

suveticxovelSi monaTlaven Taname-

drove qarTul enaze, romelic aris

yovelTa qarTvelTa sasuliero-sax-

elmwifo da saganmanaTleblo ena.

megrelebo, qriste mova mcxeTasa da

ara zugdidSi, qriste daibada xobis

wmida mariam RvTismSoblis ezo-karmi-

damoSi. amitomac xobis RvTismSoblis

eklesia wmida mariamis kvarTis mflo-

belia da mis saxels atarebs. eZebeT

qriste da ipoviT erTmaneTis siy-

varuls, Tqven ki eZebT pirvelobas,

romelic mogitanT Surs, SuRls,

mtrobasa da siZulvils. tyuilad kar-

gavT dros, amitom girCevT, iswavleT

saxareba da gaxdebiT Tavisufali

adamianebi. bednierebi gaxdebiT qristes

saxarebaze, ziarebiT. axla rasac Tqven

akeTebT, mas bibliis enaze ewodeba eS-

makisa da satanis saqmis keTeba...

qriste aRsdga – WeSmaritad!

qriste mova – WeSmaritad! amin!

murman xubulava

RvTiuri misiiT datvirTuli saqarTvelo!

bncfcj!tbnfhsfmpeboaxali saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis manqana xobSi

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da so-cialuri dacvis saministrom samegrelos re-gionSi saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis cen-trebSi gaumarTavi manqanebi axali “Ford”-isa da,,VOLKSWAGEN”-is tipis manqanebiT Caanacvla.saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis manqanebisganaxlebisTvis, saministros biujetidan 11 mlnlari gamoiyo.

xobis saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis centrsamjerad erTi ,,VOLKSWAGEN”-is tipis manqanagadasces, romelic aRWurvilia TanamedroveteqnikiT, akmayofilebs Tanamedrove standartebs,avtomanqanaSi damontaJebulia kardiogramisaparati, defibrilatori, Jangbadi. saswrafosamedicino daxmarebis avtoparki srulad 2014wlis bolomde ganaxldeba da xobis saswrafosamedicino daxmarebis centrs, damatebiT erTiavtomanqana gadaecema. xobis saswrafo samedicinodaxmarebis centSi saswrafo manqanis gadacemisceremonials xobis municipalitetis gamgebeligoCa qajaia daeswro.

sainformaco Sexvedra fermerebsada kooperativis

warmomadgenlebTanSemodgomaze xobis municipalitetis gamgeobis

saaaqto darbazSi arasamTavrobo organizacia„qeas“ warmomadgenlebi, kooperativebis mobi-lizaciis koordinatori eliso cxadaia, mobi-lizatori TinaTin didiSvili da saqarTvelossoflis meurneobis saministros teritoriuliorgano _ xobis sainformacio-sakonsultaciosamsaxuris ufrosi angul miqava fermerebsa da

kooperativebis warmomadgenlebs Sexvdnen. sain-formacio Sexvedraze proeqti „TanamSromlobasaqarTveloSi soflis aRorZinebisaTvis“ far-glebSi gansaxorcielebel sagaranto konkursismeore etapze, biznesiT dainteresebuli fermerTajgufebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo koopertivebisSesaxeb isaubres. damswre sazogadoebas biz-nesideis momzadebis Sesaxeb saaplikacio formada saxelmZRvaneloebi gadasces.

masStaburi investiciis prezentacia senakSi

senakis municipalitetis gamgebeli b-ni goCadgebuaZe CineTis msxvili sainvesticio kompaniiswarmomadgenlebs Sexvda.

biznesmenebTan Sexvedraze saubari Seexo bal-neologiuri kurorti menjis ganviTarebis per-speqtivebs.

Cinelma biznesmenebma senakis municipalitetisgamgeobaSi kurortis ganviTarebis prezentaciagamarTes, romelic aseulobiT milioni aSSdolaris odenobiT investicias iTvaliswinebs.proeqtis Tanaxmad aSendeba Tanamedrove stan-dartebis samkurnalo da dasasvenebeli komple-qsebi, moewyoba infrastruqtura. proeqtis ganx-orcielebaSi aqtiurad aris CarTuli CineTisganviTarebis banki.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mSeneblobis procesSi 800-mde, xolo samuSaoTa dasrulebis Semdeg 2000-mde adgilobrivi dasaqmdeba, rac proeqtiT gaT-valiswinebul dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobis95% Seadgens.

rogorc municipalitetis gamgebelma aRniSna,kompanias agreTve gaaCnia mniSvnelovani sainves-ticio winadadebebi soflis meurneobis gan-viTarebis mimarTulebiT.

hitleris portreti kievSi meriis fasadzedahkides

hitleris portreti warweriT _ „hitleri gamaTavisuflebeli“,kievSi Senobis fasadze dakides. kievi giJdeba _ Senoba,romelzec es saZagloba dakides, kievis saqalaqo administraciaa,pirveli xelSi Cagdebuli Senoba pirdapir kreSCatikze mde-bareobs. mokled, faSizmi faSizmia, nacionaluri iqneba igi Tuukrainuli. imitomac aklavs Tavs saakaSvili ukrainas, radganfaSizmi misi sulieri samyaroa.

saqinformi


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warsuli saukuneebi xan ise axlosmodian, rom geCveneba, TiTqos isiniSens cxovrebaSi SemoiWrnen. kargadTu daakvirdebi, mixvdebi, rom warsul-Tan SedarebiT bevri araferi Secvlilafasadis crudemokratiiT mopirkeTebisda xalxis motyuebis mdidarigamocdilebis cirkis Jonglioris os-tatobiT gamoyenebis garda.

yvela qarTvels unda axsovdes, rommisi upirvelesi da uspetakesi mova-leoba samSoblos keTildReobazezrunvaa. kuWis karnaxiT gazuluqeba,qarTveli eris da qveynis dakninebisxarjze, sakuTari arsebobis uzrunve-lad mowyoba, Ralatia da mavans amcTunebis ayola bolos xalxis saZul-vel muxTalTa sanagveSi amoayofinebsTavs.

Cveni dRevandeli fsevdodamoukide-bloba ratomRac monRolTa batonobisperiods waagavs, saqarTvelos mefe romdautoves da yovelgvari uflebaCamoarTves. evalebodaT monuri mor-Cileba da monRolTa brZanebebisganuxrelad Sesruleba. mefeebi qar-Tuli jariT maT dampyroblur omebSimonawileobdnen; pirveli sisxlicqarTvelebis iRvreboda.

itanjeboda, iZarcveboda da nadgur-deboda xalxi, uamravi medrove maRal-Cinosani samSoblos Ralatis safa-surad ixveWda qonebas. sadun mankab-erdelis, xutlu-buRas msgavsTa sim-ravles ra CamoTvlis, saqarTvelosorganizms mkbenariviT rom daseodnenda akninebdnen.

dimitri Tavdadebulsac mefe erqva,magram monRolTa samsaxurSi myofsfrTebi hqonda Sekvecili. xalxma kiar icoda, ra doneze iyo SeboWiliuamrav moRalate, monRolTa mstovar-daxveuli. SeiZleba misi amqveyniurobaCveulebriv ufero mefobad damTavre-buliyo, bedis brunvas misTvis mkacrigamocda rom ar moewyo. manac xalxsdaanaxa samSoblos da eris siyvaruliTrogori anTebuli gulis patroni iyo,ramac igi ukvdavebis SaravandediT Se-mosa.

mas Semdeg bevrma wyalma Caiara.qarTvelma erma muxTalTa da gamyid-velTa mravali mware dakbena igema, ma-gram erTgul mamuliSvilTa Tavdadeb-iT fizikuri mospobis mcdelobaTamkacri wlebi gadaitana. sisxlisRvrisa da Zalebis ukiduresi daZabviTyofna-aryofnis gzajvaredinze mdgarmapolitikuri gamWriaxobiT, gadarCenisda aRorZinebis swori mimarTulebisarCeviT msoflios uZvelesi kulturismqone xalxTa Soris sapatio adgilidaikava, rac yvela qarTvelisaTvis imx-elaze saamayoa, rom mas ar ekadrebaevropas, an romelime sxvas mietmasnosda maT rigebSi miRebaze yelis gamow-eviT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi CaagdoswinaparTa esoden didi da saswaule-brivi Rvawli yovelive qarTulisa dasaqarTvelos mimarT.

sul axlaxan damoukideblobisaTvisbrZoliT dinebis sawinaaRmdego curvisgamo SevaSfoTeT dasavleTi da Se-mogvasaRes kidec qarTveli erisubedurebad Sobili, muxTlobiT daveragobiT gasatanebuli SevardnaZe.manac damoukideblobisaTvis brZolagviqcia kidec ubedurebad. rodis yofi-la eSmaks keTili angelozebi moem-ravlebinos. axlac ase moxda, iseTisaSineleba gawvrTna “nacionalurmoZraobad” wodebul muxTalTa saxiT,rom warsul dReTa sazareli gaxsenebagaaxuna.

dRevandel msoflioSi ki bobo-

qroben Tanamedrove monRolebi, rom-lisTvis problema ar arisarasasurveli xelisuflebis maidnismeTodiT damxoba, rameTu gausaZliscxovrebaSi ideologiuri diversiiTmowamlul adamianTa gadabireba aruWirT. maidnelebsac urems gamobmulgoSiasaviT egonaT, rom urems isini mi-agorebdnen da gamarjvebis SemdegacagrZelebdnen maidnelobas dasavleTi-dan orcxobilebis da amerikulidolarebis kvlav miRebis surviliT,magram swored ver gaTvales, romsaWironi aRar iyvnen da erTi xelisaqneviT beRurebiviT gaafrTxes yofil-ma mfarvelebma. ukrainaSi ki neofaSistvandalTa ganukiTxaobis parpaSad dau-jdaT antirusiul-antimarTlmadide-bluri fsiqozi. jer kidev aravin icis,ra Zalis bumerangad daubrundebaTmaTi mfarveloba evroatlantikurlgbt demokratebs.

zogs marTla hgonia, romdamoukidebel saqarTveloSi cxovrobsda xelisuflebidan imaze mets elode-ba, rac mas SeuZlia. imas ki ver amCneven,rom monRolTa noiniviT Camomjdariamerikis elCi xelisuflebis samzareu-los yvela qvabSi ubodiSod hyofscxvirs, raTa misi gemovnebis Seufere-beli kerZi ar moamzadon da namdviliqarTuli TviTmyofadobis madliani dagemrieli sikeTiT savse qvabi ar Se-modgan mamapapur Suacecxlze.

es is amerikaa, romlis prezidentiTavis yvelaze did miRwevad erTsqe-sianTa siyvarulis dakanonebas romTvlis. Cven kidev mas strategiulpartniors veZaxiT da Tu xeli Camog-varTva, sixaruliT sakuTar Tavs vax-tebiT.

kaligulam erT senators hkiTxa:Sens dasTan sqesobrivi kavSiri xomgaqvso. iman kidev didad Sewuxebulmaupasuxa, jer arao. hoda, obamasTanxelis CamorTmevis dros, rom Segek-iTxoT, erTsqesianTa qorwinebadaakanoneT Tu arao, sircxvili romar WamoT romaeli senatoriviT lgbtkanonis momxreebi erTsqesianad daqor-windiT erTmaneTze, barem maTi aRlumicmoawyeT, romelsac siamovnebiT daeswre-ba barak obama da yvela evroat-lantikuri pederasti ministri.

bolomde rom gaverkvaT amaTmoralur-zneobriv, sulier da sqesobrivgadajiSebaSi romis papis da misi kar-dinalebis mier homoseqsualebis SesaxebmiRebul uflismaginebel da satanis-madidebeli kanoni gavixsenoT, rac erT-sqesianTa qorwinebis uflebis micemazedaadgines: _ “maT aqvT RvTisagan mini-Webuli gansakuTrebuli madli, romelicmTel qveyanas gamoadgeba”. amis SemdeglesboselTa da pederastTagaryvnilebis ambavs rom movismenT, undavTqvaT, Tqve madlianeboo.

am kanonis miRebiT ramxela SvebasigrZnobda romis papis _ siqst meoTxissuli, sakuTari dalaqis ToTxmetiwlis biWs rom yvarobda; brali ede-boda Tavis vaJTan uzneo kavSirSi;mosasvenebelSi mis momsaxure biWebserTsqesianad rom eRlabuceboda. mi-uxedavad imisa, rom amgvar sibinZureSiromis papoba Rrmad iyo Cafluli,mainc cdilobda sazogadoebisaTvisdaemala Tavisi garyvniloba, rameTuxalxisaTvis es friad miuRebeli, bilwida dasagmobi iyo. axla ki romis papisda misi kardinalebis azriT, es RvTis-gan miniWebuli gansakuTrebuli madliyofila, romelic qveyanas gamoadge-bao.

jer bolomde aravin icis asocirebisxelSekrulebiT Cvengan ras moiTxovenevroatlantikuri “megobrebi”. erTi kicxadia, TviTonac gakvirvebuli iqnebian,iseTi ra dainaxes, rom didi britaneTigasvlas apirebs, egeni kidev kisris-texiT iTxoven Semosvlaso. an magaTvin kiTxavs evrokavSirSi Sesvla-gamosvlas, roca magaT prezidents ri-Card norlandma ise aukrZala soCaSiviziti, rogorc oTaxSi gamoketilbavSvs ukrZalaven ezoSi gasvlas daquCaSi TamaSso. amrigad, amerikelTaelCi Cvens damoukideblad wodebulfafxurze moxetiale cirkis dadg-masaviT erToba. “Tqveni kultura armainteresebso”, gaiZaxis jo baideni.ieRovelebs aviwroebTo, gvajarimeben.marTlmadidebel eklesias avtomo-

biliT rom Seungries kari da mrevlscxvir-piri uJeJes magaTma nebiermanacebma, yuric ar SeubertyiaT.

dRes zogi ver xvdeba, rom marTlma-dideblobis winaaRmdeg pirdapir naTq-vami, Tu demokratiulobis niRbianikbenis mcdeloba qarTvel ers yvelasaamayo tradiciebiT SeduRabebulierTianobis mZlavri saZirkvlis daSlissurvilia, rameTu yovelive wminda daspetaki, rac esoden amSvenebs qarTvelers, marTlmadideblobis fesvebidanmodis.

sazRvargareT TavSefarebulisaakaSvili axla alaparakda marTl-madidebluri eklesiis rolze, romel-mac xelisuflebidan wasvlis boloskidev erTi misi muxTali arsebobisdamaxasiaTebeli Ralati Caidina, yvelareligiur konfesias iuridiuli sta-tusi mianiWa da marTlmadideblobasgauTanabra.

dRevandeli mZime da rTul mdgo-mareobaSi, roca qveyanas mumliviT da-sevia ucxoeTidan daprogramebuli par-tiebi Tu evroatlantikurze moWide-buli arasamTavrobo organizaciebadwodebuli zombirebuli demagogebi,qarTvel ers imedad hyavs sulieriwinamZRoli _ uwmindesi da unetaresi,romelic erovnul siwmindeTa udrekburjad dgas da yvela qarTvelT-moZule araraobas Tavisi sulSiCamwv-domi marTali sityvis sxivTa ZaliTTvalebs ubrmavebs. arc aJivJivebulqarTvel politikosebSi namdvili qvey-nis erTgulis gamorCeva eSleba. amit-omaa, rom esoden ndobas ucxadebsSeubRalavi avtoritetis, Seupovar damarTal, qarTveli eris sakeTildReodTavdauzogavad, SiSveli maxviliviTSemarTul axalgazrda premiers, romel-sac xalxic esoden endoba.

“qarTul ocnebas” ki ramdeni da rasaxis muxTloba RrRnis jer kidevbevri zedapirze ar amotitivebula.“nacionalurma moZraobam” xalxs iseSeaZula Tavi, rom amerikelebic kidarwmundnen: rom maTi xelisuflebaSiSenarCunebiT sabolood CamoexsnaTdemokratiis damcveli niRabi. sam-agierod, kohabitaciiT gaakeTes is, racsurdaT, “qarTul ocnebaSi” ki “Tavis-ufali demokratebis”, “respub-likelebis” da msgavsi nulovani re-itingis mqone maTi laqia partiebidayovnebuli moqmedebis naRmebiviTSealages.

nacistebis siZulvilis mZlavri tal-Ra evroatlantikur mfarvelTa mogo-nili kohabitaciiT Senelda, maTacuxsenebeliviT daiwyes Tavis qnevaarasasurvel pirTa dasakbenad. xelisu-flebis sadaveebs Camoscilda es Wiri,magram maTi mfarvelebis xelSewyobiTseriozulad uSlian xels qveynis nor-malur ganviTarebas. dausjelobisgrZnobiT Sepyrobilebi sul ufroTamamad eCxirebian TvlebSi joxad“qarTuli ocnebis” foranis xalxissasikeTod agorebas.

nel-nela, nabij-nabij mimdinareobsqarTuli axalgazrdobisantierovnuli, crudemokratiulobisda garyvnilobis SxamiT mowavla daamas akeTeben Crdildakarguli da ucx-oeTis orcxobilebze gayiduliqarTvelebi.

nacionalTa mier Cadenil Ralats,qveynis daqceva-daqucmacebis mcdelobasda qarTveli eris gadagvarebisaTvisgaweul Rvawlze aRarafris TqmaasaWiro, rameTu yvelaferi cnobilia.axla maTi borotebis nayof parla-mentSi sxedan da kvlav usircxvilodyrantaleben; xelisuflebis xelSiCagdeba elandebaT qarTveli erissabolood gadasagvareblad.

ukve yovelgvar zRvars gadascdasibinZuris parkuWad qceuli, respub-likelad wodebuli, kusTaviani rep-tilia levan berZeniSvili, Zroxis enarom ver dautevia analur xvreladgamoyenebul pirSi da sazizRarsimyrales afrqvevs. cdilobs dasvarosqarTvelTa yvela da yvelaferi saamayo,rameTu maTi sxivis kaSkaSi bneleTismociqulebs Tvalebs ubnelebs. vinSeiZleba iyos ilias, akakis, vaJas, ladoasaTianis spetaki xsovnis gasvrismsurveli, Tu ara muxTlis Tesli,romelsac tribuna ar mohklebia Se-vardnaZis, saakaSvilis da dRevande-

lobis CaTvliT, raTa Tavisi myraliarseboba gulisrevad Segvaxsenos.

ra meTodiT mietmasna alasania “qar-Tul ocnebas”, an ra Zalam aiZula biZ-ina ivaniSvili saamisod _ misaxvedria.saxezea es evroatlantikuri naRmi,xelisuflebis daSlas rom imedovneb-da, afeTqda, magram alasanias ambiciebisgarda veraferi imsxverpla. pultiTviTon eWiraT da ver mixvdnen, romnaRmze isxdnen, daiwves kidec sajdomebiim doneze, rom misi dasadebi adgilebiiq unda moikiTxon, visi samsaxuriTacesoden Seircxvines Tavi. arada, cru-pentelobiT, metiCrobiT da TavxedobiTagvikles. alasanias prezidentobisimedis gaqarbuqebam gaanawyena.Tavdacvis ministrad Tavi erTpirovnulgamgeblad warmoidgina da energiuladqeqa nacari. SemaRlebuli adgili ardatova Sextomis da sityvis dayivlebisgareSe, mamlis xelisuflebis dau-flebiT daimedebul yvinCilasaviT.saqarTvelos saxeliT ise Tamamad la-parakobda, TiTqos samegreloSiarCevnebSi ar Caflavebuliyo.saqarTvelo mzad aris sirieli meam-boxeebis gasawvrTnelado. amiT Tavisimfarveli amerikelebic ki gaakvirva;saqarTvelos mTavrobas xom aRar ek-iTxeboda. axla baqoSi raRac erTiansamxreTkavkasiur armiis Seqmnaze ibo-diala am aRma-daRma politikosma.

qalbatoni fanjikiZe xom pirdapirmigneba gamodga saqarTvelos sagareopolitikis SercxvenaSi. evroparla-mentSi gaCaRebul “Salaxos” rom TavigavaneboT, jer baltiispireTSi iseTisisulele Tqva, kinaRam mezoblebigadagvkida. mis uTavbolod naTqvamTabuketidan kidev erTiT dagvamSvena:hitleri da stalini erTnairi borote-ba iyoo. vai, Sen, mravaltanjulosaqarTvelo, rodemde unda gtkendnenguls aseTi araraobani?!

albaT, erTaderTi qveyana varTevrointegraciis ministri rom gvyavsda isac gagviwyra, amerikelTa miergapapajorebuli alasania ratom moxsen-iTo da gadadga. mec naxir-naxiro,gadaaxta sakuTar Tavs; neta risimaqnisi iyo es sacodavi?

qarTvel xalxs ki auxdenel ocnebadeqca erTian, gamTlianebulsaqarTveloSi cxovreba, romelicruseTTan normaluri urTierTobisaRdgenis gareSe praqtikulad SeuZle-belia. arada rusebi mavTulxlarTebsrom atareben, eseni ki evropaSi gar-bodnen, gviSveles rame? Svela ki ara,nato-m imas miaRwia ruseTisaken Co-CialiT, rom aRSfoTebuli yalxzeSeayena da gamqrali civi omis ganaxle-ba lamis sinamdviled aqcion.

CvenTvis ki gamTlianebis gzismaCvenebeli unda iyos uwmindesma daunetaresma kaTolikos patriarqma iliameorem “rosiiskaia gazeta”-s Jurnal-ists aleqsandre iaroSCenkos romuTxra: “Cven pirvel rigSi, sulieraderTi xalxi varT, erTi eklesiis wevre-bi... gadaeciT ruseTs Cemi saukeTesosurvilebi da keTilganwyobileba...”diax, lanZRva-ginebiT ki ara, keTilisurvilebiTaa saWiro ruseTis prezi-dentTan saerTo enis gamonaxva.

SevardnaZis prezidentobidan moy-olebuli aleqsandre WaWia brZnulida naTeli azrebiT gviCvenebda saqarTve-los gamTlianebis da aRorZinebis WeS-maritad winaswarmetyvelur gzas, rom-lis ganxorcieleba, saqarTvelos sama-galiTod ayvavebul da ganviTarebulqveynad aqcevda. imis magier, rom misibrZnuli naSromebi da naTeli rCevebicxovrebaSi gamoeyenebinaT da essaqarTvelos bednierebad moazrovnebrwyinvale mamuliSvili gverdiTdaeyenebinaT, mtrad moekidnen. Sedegad,danawilebul-dakninebuli saqarTveloda horizontiviT miuwvdomeligamTlianebis ocneba SemogvrCa.

amitomaa saWiro yvela politikuriambiciebis mousavleTSi mosrialebada erTiani qarTuli interesebiT ale-qsandre WaWias msgavsi samSoblos erT-guli mamuliSvilebis gaerTianeba,romelTa devizi iqneba: saqarTveloupirveles yovlisa!

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asakobrivi nakrebebi absoluturad gan-

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Tuli ragbis momavalze namdvilad ar

vnerviulob!

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turis danarCeni eqvsi Sexvedradekembris uaxloes dReebSi gaimar-Teba.

foTis “kolxeTma”

daTa siWinavasdubliT

cxinvalis“spartaks”mougo

Documents

`!blblj!Tboj[f agvistos omi iyo Tavdajerebuli da ...dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/118022/1/Ilori_2014_N297.pdf · _ 2008 wlis 7 agvistos me Tbil - isidan gavemgzavre baTumSi,raTa