BYZANTINE & MUSLIM EMPIRESChapter 10

The Byzantine Empire OBJECTIVES: Discover how Constantinople became so

powerful Discover the achievements of the age of

Justinian

Byzantine Empire (Constantine) Greek Fire Why Constantinople was located where it

was (trade center) Constantine's capital Good Emperors account for some of the

success Medieval times (period of time following

the fall of the western half of the Roman empire, 476 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.)

Age of Justinian As Rome fell, Constantinople got

stronger In a line of many great rulers, Justinian

was one of the greatest Born poor, it gave him the ability to

listen to all people Justinian’s code

Byzantine Culture Kept copies of all ancient Greek and

Roman works, mixed with Christian ideas it made Constantinople a very knowledge rich area

When the empire declined the documents were taken to Italy and helped start the renaissance

The later Years of the Empire The Great Schism (split) Second Golden age The fall (Attacks from the North

“Russians” the West “Christian Crusaders” and the East “Turks and Muslims”)

Constantinople fell and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Check For Understanding Pg 289 1 A/B 2 A/B 3 A/B

Start of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Messenger to the people Started in the Arabian Peninsula Taught to worship 1 God (Poly or Mono?) After Muhammad’s death the religion

spread

Arabian Peninsula Life Support Bedouins (nomadic desert people) Became guides for Caravans

MECCA Was an important trading post turned

city People travelled from the Mecca to other

places

Muhammad Travelling Merchant trader Went to the mountains to pray alone At age 40 God spoke to him through an

angel Followers of Muhammad became known

as Muslims Muslims religion or a person who

“submits” became known as Islam People go to the Mecca to pray to Kaaba

Hijra Hijra mean “the migration” The city of Yathrib changed to Medina

“city of the prophet” Became year 1 on the Muslin calendar

Muslim Beliefs Muezzin (myoo ez in) Pray 5 times a day to Allah Mosque There is only one God They kneel and face toward the Mecca

The 5 Pillars of Islam

The Quran Islamic Bible Lists Muhammad’s conversations with

God Includes stories, promises, warnings, and

instructions The respect Jews and Christians as

“people of the book”

Role of Women Before Islam Quran Taught:

Women are spiritually equal Women could own or inherit property Women could be educated Women would not be forced to marry Women could divorce

Muslim Split The Muslim leader Uthman was

assassinated and a debate over who would lead ensued

2 new groups Shiites- felt the new leader should be a

direct descendent of Muhammad Sunnis- any truly religious man who

followed Muhammad could be the leader (85% of Muslims are Sunnis)

Check For Understanding 1. A/B 2. A/B/C

Muslim Civilization Within 150 years of Muhammad's death, his new

religion had spread many miles all directions How? Arabic traders Arab armies (failed at attacking Constantinople)

but converted most of the Mediterranean sea coast to Islam.

Their advancement stopped when they reached France and were stopped by the European armies.

Reasons for Success Lack of a powerful empire to stop them Arab peoples began to work together Allowed people to have what ever beliefs

they wanted (though there were rules)

The Golden Age From 800 to 1000 there were great

advances in mathematics, science, architecture, and lasting literature.

Why so much success? Muslim Caliphs- Muslim rulers during this

time period (successors to Muhammad) Muslim Empire capital was Baghdad, easily

accessible by all sorts of routes. This led to a booming trading atmosphere

with a multitude of products

The Golden Age Al Khwarizmi- wrote a book on

arithmetic, and also helped invent algebra

Sufis – Muslims who thought they could draw closer to God through fasting, prayer, and the simple life

Ottoman Empire 1200’s, the last Caliph was killed by the

Mongols(Central Asian People) Mongols conquered the Middle East and

also moved into the Byzantine and took over as well

Sultan (ruler of Ottoman Empire) Southern Europe, The Middle East, North

Africa were all controlled by the Sultan Rose to power using Religious and

Cultural tolerance

Re-Read Chapter 10!!!!