Career Development in & out of Nursing Profession

Presenter:Mahmood Ahmed Assistant Nursing Instructor

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ObjectivesBy the end of the session the learner will be able to

• Define career.

• Discuss the career decision-making process.

• Define career development and discuss the factors influencing it.

• List the Behaviors motivating for career development.

• Explore the four stages of Career development

• Know the advantages of career development

• Identify basics for entrance into Nursing profession.

• Know the various Programs in Nursing profession

• Understand the nursing career ladder in Pakistan and in other countries.

• Discuss some career options with advanced education in & out of Nursing profession

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As a human being o We all are created unique. (Eg. Fingerprint,).o We are born only once.o We spend almost 40 years on our work.o A total over 80,000 hours , we work.o Now ask yourself how you will spend these

80,000 hours before your death ??????

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Career• Every person selects a way to spend life to earn,

support with or without his /her own choice, devotion to work /job that also gives a recognition to the person if someone has mastery of it.

What is career? Def. (Oxford English Dictionary)• A person’s course or progress through life. • It also pertains to his occupation or profession

that usually involves special training or formal education and is considered to be a person’s lifework.

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Career

• Collin (1998) explains that the term career arises from the interaction of individuals with organizations and society.

• The term “career” can be defined as the sequence of interaction of individuals with society, education and organizations throughout their lifespan. (Beukes, 2009; Herr et al., 2004).

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How do we decide?

Abilities/Aptitude Interest+ Personality/Motivation/ opportunities

= Career Choice

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7

Self

Education

Vision Career Life SystemCareer Life System

Family

Society

A path that leads to Advancement & Promotion in Life

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THE CAREER DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

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STEP 1 Discovering Yourself• What are my interests? Values? Skills?

Personality preferences? Strengths?• What are three careers that interest me?• What are three college majors that I want to

explore?

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STEP 2

Exploring Options • What information or individuals can help me to

explore my career options?• What classes or activities can help me to develop

my strengths?• How can I learn more about informational

interviews, job shadowing, exploratory internships, service learning, civic honors, or student organizations to gain firsthand experience?

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STEP 3

Making a Decision • How much time and energy am I willing to

invest to make a career decision?• Who is part of my support system to help me

evaluate the pros and cons?• What are my top priorities to consider for this

decision?

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STEP 4

Taking Action • How can I strengthen my readiness for success

in a career?• What is one goal that I have? How can I reach

it? What action can I take now?• Which one of my talents can I develop

through classes or outside activities?

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STEP 5

Evaluating the Decision• Is my decision a realistic option?• Is there anything preventing me from

achieving this goal? What would it mean if I didn’t have any barriers?

• Who in my support system can assist me with achieving this goal?

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Factors • Individual•Social•Chance •Environmental

•Educational and training experiences• Employee employability• Career embeddedness and mobility•Experiences of career well-being• Job and career satisfaction•Career agency, •Early work history•Occupational choice •Organizational/job choice

After organizational entry •Career movements•Work/family issues• Career plateaus •Retirement planning.

Origin and measurement of•Individual aptitudes •personality•Interests and career orientations•Motives and values

Career path in life

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CAREER DEVELOPMENT

• Career development is an ongoing process of gaining knowledge and improving skills that will help an individual to establish a career plan.

• Career Development is the lifelong process of managing learning, work, leisure, and transitions in order to move toward a personally determined and evolving preferred future.

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Factors Influencing Career Development• Personal Characteristics: – Personality type– Interests–Work load values

• Socio-Economic Factors: may be a barrier– Financial situation– Limited financial resources–Namely student loans– Financial aid and scholarships.

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Factors Influencing Career Development

• Physical and Mental Abilities: – physical and mental abilities and limitations to

find an occupation that makes the best use possible of your abilities.

• Chance Factors: – life events with little or no control– influence careers progress /decline • E.g. need to support a family financially • keeping you from pursuing an advanced

education.

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Career Counseling Four elements of career counseling of youth :(a) Helping individuals to gain greater self-awareness: interests, values, abilities, and personality style.

(b) Connecting individuals to resources: knowledge about jobs and occupations.

(c) Engaging individuals in the decision-making process well suited to their own interests, values, abilities and personality

style.

(d) Assisting individuals to be active managers of their career paths: managing career transitions and balancing various life roles) and a

lifelong learner for professional development

(The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESC, 2002)

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Career stages

• Schreuder and Coetzee (2006) explain that a career consists of four stages confronted with different issues during each of these stages.

• These four stages not necessarily take place only once in an individual’s life, but could take place on numerous occasions through career changes, such as changing jobs. (Flexer et al., 2008).

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EXPLORATORY STAGE

• Ensure the availability of accurate information about the various occupations existing in the organization to the new employee

• Create opportunities to enable new employees to get information with the organizational careers through job rotation, internship, visit different units, seminars, etc.

• Sponsor educational and training programmes for ensuring supply of potential talent in future.

ESTABLISHMENT STAGE• Identification of the best possible talent for the

organization• Communicating the correct and positive of the

organization to the employee• Maximum learning and favorable attitudes of the

employees towards the organization• Assigning challenging jobs to employees to

enable them test their abilities and skills• Designing of development plan ,identification of

development needs, deciding career steps, etc

MAINTANANCE STAGE

• Strategies motivate employees, so that they can be productivity utilized even without promotion

• Adequate opportunities for transition from specialist cadres to generalist position at higher levels of the organization

• Help employees to adjust to their changing roles , their career shifts from active position to advisory position

• Help employees to prepare for retirement

DECLINE STAGE

• Manage retirement without destroying the employee’s sense of self-worth

• Invent new creative part-time roles for which can use their knowledge, experience and wisdom

Each career has a lifecycle which has four discrete stages

CAREER STAGES

Stevens (1990) and Flexer, Baer, Luft and Simmons (2008)

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Post Modern Approach to Career Development04/19/23 25

Behaviors motivating for career development

• A career has a major bearing on individuals’ lifestyle determining earnings, job security, friends, and acquaintances, the amount of leisure time and residence.

• These all behaviors motivate a person to pursue a particular job, to increase or decrease involvement in work, or to change occupational fields. (Greenhaus 2003)

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Determinants prompt to make a career change or career path re-alignment

•Nature of schooling •Family socio- economic background •Influence of family members •Close friends•Own expectations

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Career maturity

Career maturity is the readiness and competency of an individual to make critical career decisions based on attitudes, on self-knowledge, knowledge of the world of educational opportunities and of the job market, and sufficient knowledge of career decision making processes. Pieterse (2005)

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Career counseling

• Career counselors in organizations can find ways to assist youth in developing their career maturity through the process of self reflection and career related information.

• Academic progression is critical to the growth of profession and each individual.

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ADVANTAGES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT

• It reduces employee turnover by providing promotional avenues

• It improves morale and motivation• It enables organizations to create promotional

vacancies internally• It ensures better utilization of employee’s

skills and provides increased work satisfaction to employees

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ADVANTAGES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT• It makes employees adaptable to the changing

requirement of the organization• It reduces institutional disputes related to

promotional matters and thereby provides opportunity to the organization to maintain hard industrial relations

• Career development programs ensure equitable promotional decisions for every human in an organization

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Journal of Career Development

The Journal of Career Development (JCD) provides professionals in

• Counseling, psychology, education, student personnel, human resources, and business management with

• The most up-to-date concepts, ideas, and methodology in career development theory, research, and practice.

• Topics covered are career education, adult career development, career development of special needs populations, career development and the family, and career and leisure.

www.sagepub.com/journals/Journal201758

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Nursing

• In Nursing profession there are a lot of choices for different positions according to education, experiences , managerial and teaching competencies.

• There are also lot of chances to move over, promotions, change positions and getting next grade or rank on the basis of educational background and experiences.

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Entry requirement

• Academic requirements : The applicant must meet the following academic

levels :– F.Sc 50% minimum For four years Generic BSc Nursing Degree Program

– Matric with Science 55% minimumFor three years General Nursing diploma

– Age: the age of the applicants must be between 15 to 30 years

– both single and married students are eligible for admission– Allowed admissions for both genders

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Education in Nursing• The aim of education is to prepare nurses for future careers

as faculty members, researchers, advanced practice registered nurses, policy experts, healthcare administrators and other roles in nursing leadership.

• LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) ( started in 1892 in USA) (can not administer medication)• Three Years General Nursing diploma (1870 in USA )

- Role as RN• Four years Generic BScN (Baccalaureate / Bachelor of Science

in Nursing) Nursing Degree Program(1900)– Role as RN

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Education in Nursing( conti..)• Specialization program one year after Three Years General

Nursing or Generic BScN– Role as professional /specialist RN• Post RN BSN – Role as RN , Nurse Manager ,

• Master of Science in Nursing ( started in 1900)– Role as Educator ,Manager , Administrator, Clinical

Specialist , Advanced Nurse Practitioner• PhD Nursing ( started in late 1924) – role as academicians, administrators, advanced clinical

scientists, researchers , consultants.

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Other than Nursing Education Maters Programs• MA ( Master of Arts)• MPH(master of Public Health• MEd (master of education)• MSBE( master of Science in Biostatistics and Epidemiology)• MBA (Master of Business Administration)• Master of Psychology

PhD Programs – EdD (Doctor of Philosophy of education)– PhD (Doctor of Philosophy )

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MERITORIOUS PROFESSOR (BPS-22)

• Professors who have served at least for 02 (two) years in BPS- 21 in the university with Ph.D. degree/equivalent terminal degree as determined by HEC

• 5 research publications in the past 5 years with at least three (3) research publications in the past 2 years

• Must have produced two Ph.Ds. or one Ph.D. and five (5) M.Phil. in the last 5 years

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www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions

Faculty Profile Proposed by PNC• Dean/Director of nursing education/ Principal BPS: 20-21

– PhD in Nursing with 5 year of experience • Professor BPS: 20-21

– PhD with 3 year of experience• Associate Professor BPS: 19-20 Preferably PhD with 5 year of clinical/teaching experience or MSN with 10 year relevant field of teaching and clinical experience• Assistant Professor BPS: 18-19 MSN with 2 year clinical/ teaching experience or Post RN BSN with 5 year post degree teaching experience • Senior Instructor BPS: 18

– Post RN BSN with 3 year clinical/ teaching experience or – BSN with 10 year of clinical/teaching experience

• Instructor BPS: 17– Post RN with 2 year of clinical/ teaching or– BSN with 5 year clinical experience

Pakistan Nursing Council, Islamabad.

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Nursing Career Path in Research

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Careers in Nursing

Registered Nurse• RNs are professionals licensed by the state in

which they work.• RNs function as active members of the health

care team.• RNs provide and manage care for individuals

who are ill and their families.

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Some Career Options with Advanced Education in Nursing

After master’s or doctoral degree, a number of career options are:

• Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: provide primary, preventative, and specialty care in a

variety of roles in acute and ambulatory care settings. • Career as an APRN: One of four recognized roles: Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Certified

Registered Nurse, Anesthetist and Certified Nurse-Midwife.

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Career Options ……• Nurse Researchers are scientists who investigate

ways to improve healthcare services and patient outcomes.

• Nurse Educators combine clinical expertise with a passion for teaching.

• Clinical Nurse Leaders (CNLs) are prepared in master’s degree programs to oversee the care coordination for patients, assess risks, develop quality improvement strategies, facilitate team communication, and implement evidence-based solutions at the unit level.

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Career Options ……• Nurse Administrators serve in a variety of managerial and

leadership capacities in all practice environments.• Public Health Nurses focus on preserving the health and

well-being of the public.• Nurse Informaticists seek to improve information

management and communications in nursing to maximize efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the quality of patient care.

• Public Policy: Nurses in this arena work to shape public policy at the Federal, State, And Local levels.

• In Pakistan the post of Nursing Adviser demolished by previous Govt: and now PNC discusses the nurses matters with the Federal and Provincial Governments.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

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References:• Grace ,L.Deloughery (1991) Issues and Trends in Nursing, Missouri .USA Mosby Year

Book.• Career development concepts and their application .

www.saqa.org.za/docs/guide/.../fet-basic-career-guide-v2.0-23022013.p• Career Growth & Development, Cleveland Clinic (2014) . 9500 Euclid Avenue,

Cleveland, Ohio 44195 • Retrieved on 02-01-2015 from http://www.counseling.org/publications/counseling -

journals#sthash.M07fQEZ3.dpuf• Retrieved on 05-01-2015 from DG Nursing Punjab Rules & regulations• Retrieved on 05-01-2015 from www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/.../Meritorious

%20Professor.pdf• Nursing Educational Institutions For Degree Program, page 19-20, Pakistan Nursing

Council, Islamabad. • Retrieved on 06-01-2015 from www.cna-aiic.ca/en/becoming-an-rn/education• Retrieved on 06-01-2015 from Guidelines on Planning Human Resources for

Nursing, International Council Of Nurses (2014), Geneva Switzerland.• Guidelines on the Nurse Intrapreneur Providing ,Nursing Service, INTERNATIONAL

COUNCIL OF NURSES (2014) Geneva, Switzerland.

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