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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 main contents

Building design7

Penryn College utilises energy saving features throughout.

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Building design77.1 Construction site management7.2 Re-using existing buildings and materials7.3 Built form and character7.4 Buildings in their plots, plot layout7.5 Integrating non residential and multi-occupancy buildings7.6 Materials7.7 Roofs, chimneys, dormers and roof lights7.8 Facades and elevations7.9 Walls7.10 Outbuildings, curtilage structures and storage7.11 Property boundaries and entrances7.12 Waste, recycling and collection7.13 Building maintenance and management

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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 section contents

ore than a quarter of the UKs carbon emissions

omes from the energy we use every day to heat,

ght and run our homes. There are a number of wayswhich you can increase the eciency of homes

nd buildings whilst having a limited aesthetic

mpact. For further information on improving the

ciency it is suggested that you look at

he Energy Saving Trust

nd the

ouncils Sustainable Building Guide

Have you ensured that your construction site

is managed eciently to minimise waste and

maximise recycling of site materials?

Have you taken measures to minimise

disturbing the surrounding environment

when construction is in progress?

Look for guidance on waste minimisation

from the:

Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP).

The benets of incorporatingustainable building measures

7.1 Construction site management

We recommend:

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management plans are required they areproduced before starting site works;

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plans are produced before starting work.

These should include details of noise and

dust control.

. Building design

&DJFOUSFNPWBCMFPGXBTUFNBUFSJBM

&OTVSJOHTJUFTBGFUZBUBMMUJNFT

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Insulating the new school building at Lanlivery.

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ave you made ecient use of existing buildings?

ave you reduced your energy use by re-using

uilding materials?

ave you considered investing in energy saving

chnologies to help reduce energy demand for

ew buildings, extensions and existing buildings?

.2 Re-using existing buildings and& materials

We recommend:

t $POTJEFSJOHDPOWFSUJOHFYJTUJOHCVJMEJOrather than demolishing and rebuilding

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energy or materials that can be

recycled;

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wherever possible;

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so that they can be used in dierent ways

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longer used for their original purpose th

conversion should respect retain

the essential character of the original

building;

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Councils Conservation Ocer

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has also produced a

Framework of Conservation Principles and

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Ocer regarding whether the building

capable of conversion and how to meet

the requirements of Building Regulation

. Building design

3FVTJOHFYJTUJOHCVJMEJOHNBUFSJBMJOUIF4U1PMEF-FPOSFTJEFOUJBMIPVTJOHQSPKFDUOFBS1FO[BODF

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your building form simple and drawn from

cal building traditions?

ave you adhered to simple traditional forms

nd used local materials?

ill your scheme create a harmonious

reetscape and protect the distinctive character

the countryside?

ave you built in exibility to the building to

ow for future conversion of roof space or use

your building for another purpose?

here possible designs should follow the

inciples described in:

eeting Part M & designing Lifetime homes seph Rowntree Foundation

nd:

he Case for Space The Size of Englandsew Homes , RIBA.

.3 Built form and character

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upon the traditional rectangular form with a

simple pitched roof spanning the narrower

EJNFOTJPODSFBUJOHBIPSJ[POUBMAMPOHBOEMPX

emphasis;

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through groupings of the basic forms to make

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or a deeper plan by adding a parallel range

behind with a M-shaped roof and central

valley avoiding square or big boxy plan

. Building design

forms which may produce uncharacteristic

pyramid-shaped roofs;

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smaller houses (2 bedroomed to smaller)

to allow for adaptation to meet future

requirements;

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to allow for future conversion of roof voids;

and

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We recommend you avoid

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create a discordant building line and

do not reect the wider frontage local

characteristic, join up smaller houses in

terraces to create an overall rectangula

form; and

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other than porches and bays where

appropriate house plans should norm

be at fronted.

We recommend: &YUFOTJPOUP#BSO)PVTFBU,FXVUJMJTJOHSFDMBJNFENBUFSJBMT

Atelier3Architects

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.4 Buildings in their plots, plot layout

We recommend:

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improve natural surveillance by placingbuildings at the front of the plot and

continue any existing consistent building

lines;

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buildings should be from the street to

encourage activity, social interaction and

safe access to properties;

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plot, ensure that they turn the corner

with windows or doors on both outer

elevations to avoid blank gables;

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face each other across the street and that

private rear gardens of properties are

positioned against each other; and

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by orientating blocks within 30 degrees

of the east-west axis.

. Building design

he way in which a new building sits within its plot,

site, is a critical factor in terms of how well it ts

with its neighbours and contributes to the overallharacter of the street.

Clever juxtaposition of houses helps create a pleasant community environment.

Fluent landscaping adds beauty to utility.

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ave you considered how the external form of the

uilding relates to other buildings in the locality

ther than reecting the internal arrangement?

oes your building create an ac tive frontage?

Sustainable natural resources

Is your use of material based on an

understanding of the signicance of the historic

environment?

Have you considered the palette of colours of

buildings materials used in the area that you are

developing to reect traditional materials and

colourings?

.5 Integrating non residential and multi-occupancy buildings 7.6 Materials

We recommend: We recommend:

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residential buildings with several verticalcirculation and service cores rather than

one large single core;

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into a series of smaller modules; and

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oor units with a dedicated front entrance

and a separate entrance for the upper oors

are encouraged, these should be regularly

spaced and repeated to achieve an active

frontage to the street.

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considered as an integral part of theconceptual design process and not left

the detailed design stage. To assist Cor

Council has produced:

The Cornish Building Stone& Slate Guide and

Cornwall and Scilly Urban Survey $464

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appropriate for small scale buildings;

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materials found on site, either as a resu

demolition or excavation; and

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including renders based on natural lime

wash nish or coloured earth based

pigments.


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local materials unless it would prove

unacceptable on environmental groun

source enough material locally;

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signicant damage to the character of

Cornwall; and

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. Building design

7% of UK carbon emissions come from

construction materials, so when it comes to

their use, Mies van der Rohes Less is More

is the right approach use the minimum

amount of material required, and always look

for recycled and re-usable materials where

possible. For timber, from joists to kitchen

cupboards, look for the PEFC or FSC labels.

The mixed use Heartlands regeneration development at Redruth.

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Cornish style chimneys and traditional slate roof tiles.

4LZMJHIUTNVTUUJOTUZMFXJUIUZQFPGQFSJPESPPOH

he predominant roof form in Cornwall is a simple

tch with gable ends with a, long, relatively low

tch demonstrating uncomplicated ridgelines ondividual buildings.

ave you considered locally distinctive forms of

ong including pitch and materials?

ave you considered appropriate roof struc tures

at allow for the use of renewables?

.7 Roofs, chimneys, dormers and roof lights buildings

We recommend:

Roofs

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is an appropriate local source, such as

Delabole slate;

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roong where real slate in unavailable;

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methods of laying. The strong prevailing

south westerly winds in the area have

generated eaves and gable details which

are tight against the building and are

preferably constructed with no or minimal

exposed timber work;

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building form rather than obscure it;

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the design of the roof and facades of the

building to minimise impact of pipes on the

overall design;

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pitch or lean-to roofs can be used to

accommodate buildings with a deeper plan;

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simple which suit the form and style of the

building as well as its location; and

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uninterrupted eaves lines.

. Building design

Chimneys

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proportionate to the scale of the building an

in a suitable material.

Dormers

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above eaves level and below the ridgeline,

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with blind cheeks;

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the main faade to create symmetry.

Roof lights

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roof plain on rear elevations;

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lights should be used with a vertical band an

thin external surround;

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appropriate for the building and the location


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the same rooine;

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projecting fascia and bargeboards unless

already in the existing feature.

rooight installed at an angle and orientation

milar to solar renewables will capture the same

nergy from the sun, but instead of generating

ower it is likely to cause localised overheating

the internal space. Consider relocating the

indow, sun-pipes, dormer windows or some

orm of external shading.

CTD/imijstudio

CTD/imijstudio

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ave you used traditional proportions of mass

nd void?

ave you created a symmetrical arrangement of

penings?

o windows and doors enhance and compliment

e building and are they appropriate to the rural

urban setting?

.8 Facades and elevations

We recommend:

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windows and door openings should not exceed

one third of the total wall area with an even lower

ratio on gable ends/north facing walls;

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openings on ground and rst oor levels rather

than pairs;

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CPUIIPSJ[POUBMMZBOEWFSUJDBMMZBMJHOFEJFXJOEPXT

in any given storey are in a row, while upper

. Building design

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BOETJ[FPGUIPTFEJTUJODUJWFUPUIFMPDBM

and utilise the same roong material as

found on the main building.


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but not quite, symmetrical;

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landscape areas unless to match existing

extensions;

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not a local tradition;

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picture windows and patio doors;

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top hung, or self adhesive lead lattice.t %PPSTXJUIMBSHFHMBTTQBOFMTBTUIFZNB

unbalance the faade of the building;

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UPBWPJEBMVNJOJVNV17$BOEUSPQJDBM

hardwood windows and doors;

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Also see following page

nless designing specically with solar

modelling, its likely that more than 25% of

southern faade will cause more heat gain

roblems than it generates in benets.

A good example of maintaining original proportions and using indigenous materials.

CTD/imijstudio

windows tend to line up above lower ones;

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window designs and patterns where

possible, to preserve the character of the

building;

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windows and doors on the main building

when designing an extension;

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that suit the character of the building;

t &OTVSJOHUIBUUJNCFSXJOEPXBOEEPPSGSBNFT

are from renewable sources and of good,

durable quality;

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doors and windows, and match these to the

use and character of the building; including

slate or stone for window sills in preference to

timber where possible;

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windows and doors; and

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.8 Facades and elevations (continued)

We recommend:

Meter Boxes

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conveniently for external access but be

located so as not to have a detrimental

visual impact on principal building

faades;

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keeping with the materials used in the

buildings and position dishes away from

principal faades.

Balconies

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not adversely aect the privacy of

neighbouring properties;

t 4IPVMECFEFTJHOFEUPDPNQMFNFOUproportion and character of the property

and should line with and follow the detail

of windows on the original house; and

t (VBSEJOHUPCBMDPOJFTTIPVMECF

unclimbable.

. Building design

orches that are heated as part of the houseave a high surface area compared to their

olume and as such reduce the eciency

f the house. Where possible, use porches

s draught-lobbies only set outside of the

sulated envelope of the building.

Balconies cantilevered from building

make avoiding thermal bridges

challenging. Consider whether balco

can be independently supported

or formed on the insulated roof of a

building element beneath.

When specifying glass, considerusing diering glazing for diering

orientations: On southern sides,

poorer U-Values (levels of insulation)

may be acceptable as a trade o for

better G Values (better resistance to

solar gain), whereas on northern side

the reverse is likely to be true.

CTD/imijstudio

Balconies should be outside the thermal bridge.

A sympathetic extension.

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ave you considered the inuence of local

eology on walling materials for your scheme?

he use of Cornish stone, such as slate andanite, promote local industries and are the most

ppropriate response to the locality.

ave you used local or reclaimed materials

herever possible?

.9 Walls

We recommend:

t 6TJOHMPDBMNBUFSJBMTJODMVEJOHMPDBMMZ

sourced aggregates in renders or

coatings;

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stone for the predominant use of the

characteristic coursed killas stone for

walls with granite for lintels, quoins and

openings;

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and coursing as closely as possible;

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a traditional building material, where

appropriate.

Render

t 6TJOHSFOEFSBTBOBMUFSOBUJWFUPTUPOF

t $POTJEFSJOHUSBEJUJPOBMCVJMEJOHTXIJDI

may warrant traditional methods of

render such as limewash or hand appliedmortar;

Slate hanging

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repair existing slate hanging with local or

second-hand slate; and

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keep the fabric of the building ventilated

and dry- avoid coatings, painting or

mortaring existing slate hanging.

. Building design


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for traditional detailing;

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generally use lime mortar in preference to hard

cement mortar;

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t $PMEHSFZDPMPVSFEDFNFOUSFOEFSBOE

t &YQBOTJPOKPJOUTPSJGVOBWPJEBCMFTIJFMEXJUI

down pipes.

8FMMDPOTJEFSFEMPDBMNBUFSJBMTVTFEBU/PSUI1PJOU1BETUPX

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ave you considered the provision of sucient

orage for bins, cycles and other equipment?

re outbuildings sited to avoid dominating the

operty or neighbouring dwellings?

o property boundaries reect the local

haracter?

.10 Outbuildings, curtilage structures & storage

We recommend:

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larger outbuildings in a way which links

them visually to the main building and one

another;

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or set back to the side of the main building

where they are less visible;

t &OTVSJOHUIBUHBSBHFTBSFTJNQMFGVODUJPOBM

CVJMEJOHTPGNPEFSBUFTJ[FBOETDBMFBOE

should not compete with the main building

in terms of footprint or height. They should

generally be single storey, simple in design,

. Building design

avoiding the use of domestic features;

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the main building keep it simple and t for

purpose;

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two single doors, vertical boarded timber doors

are generally suitable in traditional context or

styles to match the parent building;

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with Council requirements for general waste,

composting and recycling;

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side or rear of plots. Residents should n

have to access them through a building;

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ideally incorporated within each dwellin

Large space bicycle storage buildings

that do not benet from good natural

surveillance should be avoided; and

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be provided in workplaces, outside

community facilities, shops, schools,

colleges and stations.

Using common materials and building styles to achieve a harmonious whole.

ARCO2Architecture

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.11 Property boundaries and entrances

We recommend: t &OTVSJOHUIFQSPQPTBMSFFDUTUIFMPDBMcharacter and does not urbanise rural areas;

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and not be ornamental in rural areas;

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outside the property which in rural areas

. Building design

needs to remain natural, avoid the unnecessary

use of mounding, kerbing bollards and close

cut grass; and

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that are typical to your locality, the method

of laying and the colour of local stones varies

throughout Cornwall.


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odd angles to the main building line or

boundary features;

... using methods and materials that complement thAlways aim to preserve or enhance the local character of of your surroundings ...

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e participation in the Councils:

aste and recycling

ollections schemes and the impact they have on

e environment.

BSMZEJBMPHVFXJUIUIF$PVODJMT8BTUF

BOBHFNFOU4FSWJDFJTFTTFOUJBMXIFOQMBOOJOH

ew facilities and developments to ensure

at waste collection services are adequately

ccounted for in any new development or

teration to existing properties.

.12 Waste, recycling and collection

We recommend:

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volume for recycling, composting bins and

refuse containers both outside and in thekitchen;

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for waste from the side or rear of the

property should be designed at the

planning stage;

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possible;

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or communal storage must always be

maintained and managed by the site

. Building design

owners, should have a minimum impact on

the street scene and be easily accessible to

householders and collection crews;t &OTVSJOHUIFDPOTJEFSBUJPOPGUIFBDDFTT

ventilation, oor covering and ability to

manoeuvre containers should be made;

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with the Councils agreement;

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dramatically reduce or eliminate the need

to reverse a collection vehicle (this being

identied as a high risk operational issue);

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not be required to pass under archways

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enable waste collection vehicles to turn

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impede the waste collections vehicles

access or eld of vision; and

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assessment of the impact on access for t

collection vehicles should be made at a

times of day.


t $PNNVOBMDPMMFDUJPOQPJOUT

CTD/imijstudio

Integrated waste storage conveniently close to pickup poin

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BWFZPVQSPWJEFEB)PNF1SPQFSUZ6TFS(VJEF

r each property to include simple instructions

r occupiers on how the energy performancethe building is designed to work and how the

nergy wand water systems work?

ave you made provision for the maintenance

nd management of developments via adequate

anagement and maintenance schemes to their

ng-term success and eectiveness?

.13 Building maintenance and management

We recommend:

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building, prepare a simple and non-

UFDIOJDBM6TFS(VJEFUIBUDPWFST

information relevant to the occupants

about operation, environmental

performance and maintenance of

the home. The information should be

available in alternative formats and

ideally it should also include tips for

sustainable living;

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can be extended and modied to

increase its lifespan and reduce the

risk of demolition, follow guidance for

Lifetime Homes;

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maintenance buildings and landscape

areas to reduce energy, resources and

time in upkeep and repair;

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Considerate Constructors Scheme procedures;

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Secured by Design New Homes principles.

. Building design

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that utilise good quality, robust materials

that are locally distinct, will withstand local

climatic conditions over time and used in

construction in a way that will facilitate ease

of maintenance;

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which is both, easy to manage and maintain

within economical budgets;

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maintenance from the inception of the

scheme; and

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BRE Trust

Energy Saving Trust and

Cornwall Sustainable Buildings Trust

Maintenance is due on central heating boiler

for the central heating system on 15 June

Innovative and convenient solutions for the scheduling of maintenance and ease of implementation.

CTD/imijstudio

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The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right8

The restored Anchor Wharf warehouse complex in Penryn with its quays and connecting walkw

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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 main contents ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2012

Emphasis should be as much

about the spaces between buildings,

the public realm, as the buildings

themselves. To create successful

neighbourhoods, good quality

housing needs successful streets

and public spaces.

$"#&

Have you considered incorporating

public art as part of your scheme as a way

of tying existing communities together?

Have you involved the local community

with your proposal and identiedopportunities for public art?

The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right8

8.1 Public art8.2 Street furniture8.3 Signs8.4 Street lighting8.5 Surfacing materials8.6 Boundaries & edges

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.1 Public art

We recommend:

t $PNNJTTJPOJOHQVCMJDBSUXPSLTFBSMZJOUIFdesign process;

t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPGMJHIUJOHXBUFS

detailing and materials. This can be powerful

BTBGPSNPGQVCMJDBSU4JNJMBSMZBSUXPSLT

which interact with people, can engage people

for example the

Exchange Penzance

changes colour with movement.

t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPG"SUJTUTBTQBSUPGUIF

design team from the design concept phase

to help to interpret the place, its history

and peoples memories within the local

community;

t 4FFJOHUIFQVCMJDSFBMNBTBTQBDFGPSUIF

community to hold temporary exhibitions,

installations, performances, local choirs and

bands to perform;

t 1SPWJEJOHTNBMMBNPVOUTPGBSUJTUTXPSLTQBDF

within your development can provide a

base for artists and a creative vibe to your

development;

t 1VCMJDSFBMNCVJMEJOHTBOEIPNFTXJUI

elements of artist designs, and/or use of colour

could provide a key selling point for your

. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right

development making your development stand

out from the crowd; and

t 8IFODPNNJTTJPOJOHBOBSUJTUBSUXPSLEFUFSNJOF

the scope, structure and project budget at this

outset. The commissioning process should take

into account the full lifetime of the work/scheme

including its cost, durability, quality, maintenance

and management over time.

5IFEFMJHIUGVMDPQQFSATICBOJTUFSBU8FMM-BOFJO'BMNPVUI

A5IFESVNNFSPO-FNPO2VBZJO5SVSP

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.2 Street furniture 8.3 Signs



t 3FUBJOJOHBOENBJOUBJOJOHFYJTUJOH

traditional street signage as far as possib

t 6TJOHXBMMNPVOUFETJHOBHFPOCVJMEJO

and boundary walls wherever possible;

avoid stand-alone signage as it adds to

street clutter, and in particular plastic

signage as it is poor quality visually; and

t 3FEVDJOHIJHIXBZTJHOBHFUPBMMUIBUJT

necessary in collaboration with informat

and safely designed trac schemes to

respect the character of the particular ar

t $POTJEFSJOHTUSFFUGVSOJUVSFTJHOBHF

and lighting which should be kept toa minimum to create a harmonious

streetscape;

t 6TJOHVOPCUSVTJWFIJHIRVBMJUZUGPS

purpose, coordinated materials and colour

which are low in maintenance and reect

local details in the design to reinforce

character;

t -PDBUJOHTUSFFUGVSOJUVSFBMPOHEFTJSFMJOFT

and avoid obstruction to openings and

footways.

Using regional natural material helps to give signage authenticity and long levity.Period replica benches t well into this historic location.

A lovely touch that will last many years.

CornwallCouncil

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.4 Street lighting

We recommend:

t &OTVSJOHUIBUBMMOFXEFWFMPQNFOUis adequately lit unless the location

prohibits its use;

t &OTVSJOHTUSFFUMJHIUJOHJTDPOTJEFSFEBT

part of the overall design;

t 5IBUUIFEFTJHOPGMJHIUJOHBOEQMBOUJOH

schemes should be integrated to

avoid the potential for conict or

compromise;

t 5IBUUIFDIBSBDUFSPGUIFBSFBXJMM

be reected in the scale and colour

of lighting. In general the height of

lighting columns should not be greater

than the predominant eaves height of

buildings dening the street;

t 8IFSFQPTTJCMFVTFCVJMEJOHXBMM

mounted lighting to help keep the

public realm simple;

t -JHIUJOHQSPWJTJPOTIPVMESFFDU

the streets function and ac tivity. For

example, street lighting in the centre of

a town may be more intense than that

in rural villages;

t -JHIUJOHTDIFNFTTIPVMETFFLUP

design out crime and be located to

prevent dark areas; and

t -JHIUJOHJTEFTJHOFEUPNJOJNJTF

disturbance to bats.



t -JHIUJOHTDIFNFTUIBUJOUFSGFSFXJUIUIFLFZ

views, features and landmarks;

t *ODPSQPSBUJOH$$57VOMFTTTVDITVSWFJMMBODFJT

necessary.

Lighting should be in keeping with its surroundings and provide adequate luminance for safety reasons.

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ave you considered how your

hoice of surface materials integrates

ew development into the existingwnscape, and reinforces the

haracter and locally distinct features

a particular area by the use of local

aterials and methods?

oes your choice of surface

aterial allow for ease of access and

aintenance, and replacement for like-

r-like materials to minimise the visual

vidence of repair?

your paving and other hard surfaces

esigned to suit the character of the

cality and is it made from high quality,

atural materials wherever possible,

last longer, look more attractive and

n be recycled?

ave you, in historic townscape areas,

ken into account retention of granite

tts and paviours and other historicrfacing that adds patination

nd historic distinction to areas.

OHMJTI)FSJUBHFIBTQSPEVDFE

etailed advice on:

treet design & good practice

.5 Surfacing materials

We recommend:

t 6TJOHIJHIRVBMJUZOBUVSBMNBUFSJBMTGPSpaving and hard surfaces;

t 6TJOHSPCVTUNBUFSJBMTUIBUSFFDUUIF

tradition of the location, e.g. tarmac for

access roads of a grey aggregate top

type in rural areas or hard core (hoggin)

for country lanes and paths. Use greys

and avoiding brown or red which is not

locally distinct; wherever possible create

permeable surfaces to reduce run o;

t 6TJOHNBUFSJBMTJODPOTUSVDUJPOBOE

maintenance that are resilient to the

impacts of climate change, and provide

access and ease of maintenance in terms

of services and utilities;

t 6TJOHSFDZDMFEXBTUFQSPEVDUTHFOFSBUFE

from transport maintenance and

improvement schemes, taking into

account the best use of that material;

t 1SPUFDUJOHBOENBJOUBJOFYJTUJOHIJTUPSJD

or unique surface materials. Where

works are necessary seek guidance

GSPNUIF$PVODJMT)JTUPSJD&OWJSPONFOU

4FSWJDFQSJPSUPDPNNFODFNFOUBOE

liaise with the local community to assess

their requirements. The damage or loss

of historic or unique fabric can cause

negative impacts on the character and


quality of heritage assets that form paof the public realm;

t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPGQPSPVTBOE

natural materials in areas, which warra

a light touch due to the character of

the particular location, or for areas

of infrequent use i.e. grasscrete in

conjunction with sustainable urban

drainage systems;

t -JNJUJOHTVSGBDJOHNBUFSJBMTUPBQBMFU

of 3 materials; do not create large

expanses of a single material; and

t 6TJOHEJFSFOUNBUFSJBMTUPCSFBLVQ

and dene areas; keep paving pattern

simple stretcher bond pattern for

paving rather than elaborate patterns

CornwallCouncil

Bespoke paving that mirrors the period building and uses local materials.

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ave properties got a dened boundary, which

gregates private and public space?

oes the type of boundary proposed t in with

e character of the location and any distinctive

cal traditions?

ave you incorporated planted boundaries to

nsure biodiversity and biodiversity corridors and

tained locally distinct features?

.6 Boundaries and edges

We recommend:

t %FOJOHCPVOEBSJFTDMFBSMZBOE

consistently to create harmony and a

strong unied identity and sense of place

tie new and old developments together;

t $IPPTJOHBQQSPQSJBUFUZQFTPGCPVOEBSZ

such as:

Cornish hedgerows & hedge banks

to delineate eld boundaries and form part

of domestic boundaries where they border

the open countryside;

t %FTJHOJOHCPVOEBSJFTUPSFFDUUIPTFJO

the immediate vicinity to the site and the

location of the site;

t &OTVSJOHGSPOUCPVOEBSZUZQFEPFTOPU

unduly compromise surveillance particularly

to footpaths and cycle routes; and

t /FJHICPVSJOHCPVOEBSZUSFBUNFOUT

around the building must provideadequate security and be overlooked

wherever possible, e.g. corners, gable ends.

Stone walls

t 6TJOHMPDBMHSBOJUF,JMMBTPSPUIFSMPDBM

stone for walls with granite posts at

entrances being typical;

t .BUDIJOHFYJTUJOHMPDBMTUPOFTJ[FDPMPVS

and coursing as closely as possible;


The Dry Stone Walling Association

has produced detailed information on the

construction and maintenance of walls, banks

and hedges. Cornish hedges are historically

stone-clad hedges with an earth core.

Fences & railings

t 6TJOHTJNQMFUJNCFSGFODFTPGBQQSPQSJBUF

height and colour nish where necessary and

appropriate;

t 3BJMJOHTNBZCFBQQSPQSJBUFBEWJDFTIPVME

be sought from Cornwall Council or the Parish

Council in the use of railings, in particular

style and nish.

Gates & entrances

t &OUSBODFHBUFTTIPVMECFTJNQMFBOETI

match the style of adjacent boundaries,

the character, scale of the property and t

street scene;

t *OHFOFSBMUJNCFSHBUFTBSFNPSFBUUSBDU

and conducive to rural character areas th

metal often taking the form of eld ga

t .FUBMHBUFTHJWFEJTUJODUJWFFOUSBODFT

to many older/traditional buildings and

spaces, e.g. schools, parks, cemeteries.

Yards at the rivers edge utilise native stone & brick at Truro water front.

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Energy conservation9

A wholistic approach to energy conservation using a mix of insulation, thermal mass passive heating and wood stove at this rural dwelling near Constantine.

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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 main contents ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2012

9.1 Insulation9.2 Thermal mass9.3 Passive & active solar design9.4 Solar photovoltaics & solar thermal water heating9.5 Wind turbines9.6 Ground & air source heat pumps9.7 Choose appliances & systems to minimise

energy & resource demand

9.8 Water conservation9.9 Pollution

In order to improve the environmental

sustainability of homes in the UK, the

Code for Sustainable homes

was created to provide a national standard to

reduce the impact in running them.

For oce and industrial development a

dierent system of assessment is used k nown

BTUIF#3&&".SBUJOH

The design philosophy should be consistent

with an Integrated Energy Designcreated for the project.

GovernmentEnglish Heritage

Cornwall Council

have also each produced detailed

guidance to inform an energy strategy.

Energy conservation9

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uge energy savings can be made through the

etrotting of insulation in older properties

nd the incorporation of high levels of insulation

new buildings. A variety of insulating materials

e available with dierent levels of insulation

ciency.

Have materials with a high thermal mass such as

stone, brick terracotta and concrete been used to

ensure a steady temperature throughout the dayand the night?

.1 Insulation 9.2 Thermal mass


t &OTVSJOH XJUI UIF IFMQ PG BO BQQSPQSJBUF

professional advisor, a choice of materials

with high thermal mass that suit the

character of the area;

t $POTJEFSJOH WBSJPVT GBDUPST JODMVEJOH UIF

arrangement of the materials, type, numb

and position of doors and windows; other

heat sources, occupation levels and the

external environment;

t 'BDUPSJOH JO UIBU ZPV NBZ OFFE FYUSB

insulation to achieve the desired thermal

capacity; and

t $POTJEFSJOH UIBU TPNF TVSGBDF OJTIFT TV

as carpet can reduce a materials ability to

store and release heat. You should consid

this when deciding on internal nishes.

. Energy conservation

existing buildings, ensure the

sulation used is appropriate to the

etained building construction vapour

ermeable constructions (typical of older

uildings) will need vapour permeable

sulation, whereas vapour impermeable

onstruction can tolerate impermeable

sulation (such as polystyrene and many

ther modern insulants).

4JNPO$POEFS"TTPDJBUFT

Innovative design making full use of south-facing aspect & thermal mass.

t *OTVMBUJPOTIPVMECFJOTUBMMFEJOBMMNBJO

elements of a building: walls, roofs and

oors so that all sections overlap with no

breaks in the thermal envelope, and should

be environmentally friendly;

t *OTVMBUJPOTIPVMECFUUFEDPSSFDUMZUP

avoid thermal bridges (cold spots);

t 8JOEPXTBOEEPPSTTIPVMECFEPVCMFPS

USJQMFHMB[FEBOE

t 'JUUJOHJOTVMBUJOHQSPEVDUTUIBUBSFBT

environmentally friendly as possible for

example locally produced wool batts,

recycled newspaper and hemp.

erma mass ca n e so a r- n e or

internal. Solar-linked uses the mass

o capture the suns heat and retain it,

hereas internal captures internal hea

rom the space. Solar-linked thermal

mass will need active management an

areful solar design, whereas internal

ill need less management and acts a

thermal ywheel to moderate the

xtremes of temperature inside a spac

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ave buildings been positioned and oriented

their plots so they get maximum sunlight in

arden areas and plenty of daylight inside?

ill buildings get passive solar gain in cold

eather and passive solar cooling in hot

eather?

.3 Passive and active solar design

We recommend:

t 1MBDJOHXJOEPXTXIFSFUIFZXJMMHJWFFOPVHI

daylight to every habitable room. Consider

JOTUBMMJOHSPPGMJHIUTBOEATVOQJQFTUPQSPWJEF

daylight to areas without windows;

t 1BJOUJOHSPPNTJOMJHIUDPMPVSTUPIFMQNBLFU

most of natural light;

t 1PTJUJPOJOHMJWJOHSPPNTUPUIFTPVUIPGBCVJ

to get the best natural heat and light. Position

service rooms and circulation areas to the nor

t *ODMVEJOHNBUFSJBMTXJUIIJHIUIFSNBMNBTTX

the building structure to absorb the suns hea

energy; and

t $POTJEFSJOHXIFSFQPTTJCMFVTJOHATVOTQBDFT

conservatories on southern facades to captur

and store heat during the daytime which can

be released into the house at night or be used

BCVFS[POFUPUIFPVUTJEFBJSUFNQFSBUVSF

t 1SPWJEJOHTIBEJOHUPTPVUIGBDJOHXJOEPXTUP

prevent overheating in summer months; and

t $POTJEFSJOHXIFSFBQQSPQSJBUFSFEVDJOHUIF

buildings exposure to the external environme

by setting it into the ground and designing

compact plan designs which also reduce the

external wall surface.


t 1SPKFDUJPOTPOCVJMEJOHTUIBUXPVMEDBVTF

permanent shade on north facades.


1BVM

4NPPUIZ

The spacious interiour of a passive solar gain house.

e optimum theoretical building form

retain heat is a sphere, as this has the

rgest volume within the smallest surface

ea. Conversely, buildings with very large

rface areas proportional to their volume

nd to need to use excessive energy to

aintain comfort conditions internally.

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BWFTPMBSQIPUPWPMUBJDT17CFFOcorporated into the design of the

heme/buildings?

ou can include systems into designs for

omes, oces, factories, public buildings

c. The electricity produced can be used

rectly, fed back into the national grid or

sed to charge batteries.

FUBJMFEQMBOOJOHHVJEBODFGPS17DBO

e found on the

ornwall Council website

.4 Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal water heating

We recommend:

t 1PTJUJPOJOHQBOFMTPOCVJMEJOH

surfaces that face south within 90

degrees. They work best if they

are not overshadowed and ideally

on a pitch of between 30 and 40

degrees;

t .BLJOHTVSFUIBUSPPGTBSFTUSPOH

FOPVHIUPIPMEUIF17TZTUFNBOE

that the design allows for system

maintenance;and

t :PVDBOSFEVDFZPVSUPUBM

CVJMEDPTUCZVTJOH17JOTUFBE

of standard roof tiles where

appropriate (compared to

JOTUBMMJOH17POBMSFBEZUJMFESPPGT


CTD/imijstudio

CTD/imijstudio

4VDDFTTGVMJOUFHSBUJPOPGBQIPUPWPMUBJDJOTUBMMBUJPOPOOFXMZCVJMUWFSOBDVMBSTUZMFIPVTF

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Detailed planning guidance for wind

turbines can be found on the

Cornwall Council website

.5 Wind turbines

We recommend:

t %FUBJMFEMPDBMXJOEEBUBTIPVMECF

collected to nd out the best place to

put the turbine and how well it will work.

(FOFSBMMZUVSCJOFTXPSLCFTUPOUPXFSTPS

masts away from excessive turbulence and

obstructions, such as trees and buildings.

However, some types have been specially

designed for urban locations;

t 5VSCJOFTTIPVMECFMPDBUFEUPFOTVSFUIBU

the visual and noise impacts are as little as

possible. Consider the character of the area

and individual buildings; and

t 1BSUJDVMBSDBSFJTUBLFOXIFOJOTUBMMJOH

wind turbines in areas of historic

importance (within conservation areas,

UIF8PSME)FSJUBHF4JUFBOEDMPTFUPMJTU

buildings, ancient monuments and histo

parks and gardens).


Minimise impact on the surrounding area. 5IFWFSUJDBMBYJTXJOEUVSCJOFBU'BMNPVUI4DIPPM

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SPVOEBOEBJSTPVSDFIFBUQVNQTDBOQSPWJEF

eating, hot water or both by transferring heat

ored naturally in the environment (warmthored from the sun) into a building.

.6 Ground and air source heat pumps

t $IFDLJOHUIFTJUFUPTFFJGJU

JTTVJUBCMF(SPVOEMPPQTBSF

either inserted vertically in

boreholes or in straight/spiral

IPSJ[POUBMSVOT5IFTFBSF

cheaper but take up a lot of

land area;

t $POTJEFSJOHPOFYJTUJOH

properties reducing heating

needs by improving insulation

prior to before nding out the

TJ[FPGUIFNPTUFDJFOUIFBU

pump. Heat pumps work best

in reasonably well insulated

and air tight. If a building is not

well insulated then additional

heating systems may be needed

in the coldest months; and

t 'PSHSFBUFSFDJFODJFTJOOFX

buildings, try to combine the

system installation with other

building works.


When installing ground surface nishes,

onsider whether the exible ground pipes

sed for ground coupling or ground source

eat pumps can be included. At a minimal

xtra cost whilst the groundworks are

nderway, the ground pipes can then lay

ormant until needed, saving considerable

osts in installation costs later.

Contemporary ground source heat pump installation.We recommend:

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echanical systems such as heating, hot water

nd lighting systems should be as ecient as

ossible to minimise energy use in buildings.

Have development proposals used sustainable

water sources and design methods for ecient

use of water resources for both internal andexternal water consumption?

Further information and case studies using

practical solutions refer to the

Sustainable Building Guide

and

Cornwall Sustainable BuildingTrust website

.7 Choose appliances and systems tominimise energy and resource demand

9.8 Water conservation


t (FUUJOHUIFSJHIUTJ[FIFBUJOHBQQMJBODFTUP

meet your needs with minimal energy wasted;

t %FTJHOJOHMBSHFSCVJMEJOHTXJUIJOUFHSBM

environmental management systems to

maximise eciency of mechanical installations.

t *OTUBMMJOHXBUFSNFUFSTXBUFS

saving devices, ecient xtures and

appliances such as dual ush / low ush

toilets, aerated spray taps, low ow

showers and low volume baths;

t %FTJHOJOHHBSEFOTUPCFESPVHIU

resistant by using indigenous planting;

t %JWFSUJOHSBJOXBUFSUPBTPBLBXBZ

instead of a sewer and receive a

discount to your water bill;

t *OTUBMMJOHBEWBODFESBJOXBUFS

harvesting systems (unless site

conditions are such that it is not

possible) where rainwater is stored and

used in non-potable applications such

as toilet ushing, laundry, cleaning and

garden use. If installation is within a

historic building, any required storage

tanks and pumps should be sensitively

positioned to avoid damaging theoriginal fabric;

t *OTUBMMJOHHSFZXBUFSSFDZDMJOHTZTUFNT

where basin and shower water is

ltered and treated for use in the toilet

or garden; and

t 3FPQFOJOHBOENBLFVTBCMFIJTUPSJD

wells and village pumps to provide

additional communal water source to

towns and villages.


When specifying water ttings, consider

their use. Kitchen taps will be used to ll

pots and pans, so the actual volume of

water is important, whereas hand-basin

and sink taps are primarily for washing,

where the volume of water is less important

but the sensation of wetness is key; this can

be met by very low ow rate, aerator.

1BVM4NPPUIZ

Dual burn high specication stove at Porthtowan.

designing for real res, look for closed

ombustion, single fuel stoves. These

mit the fuel to wood (therefore avoiding

oal) and draw their air from a dedicated

take directly from outside, sealing the

ove from the room and preventing

raughts and heat loss. If an open re is

navoidable, ensure the chimney can be

osed when its not in use.

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ave you put in place systems that minimise

olluting emissions to water, air and soil during

onstruction and occupation of the building?

.9 Pollution

We recommend:

t .JOJNJTJOHOPJTFEVTUBOEMJHIUOVJTBODFUP

neighbours during construction by working

within daylight hours and clearing any waste

from the site responsibly;

t 5FTUJOHTPJMCFGPSFFYDBWBUJOHJUUPBWPJE

disturbing contaminated material;

t %JTQPTJOHPGBOZBTCFTUPTTBGFMZ

t .JOJNJTJOHBOZFNJTTJPOTGSPNIFBUJOH

DPPMJOHBOEWFOUJMBUJPOTZTUFNT4QFDJGZ

heating plants with low nitrous oxide

emissions and cooling systems which do

OPUVTFP[POFEFQMFUJOHPSHMPCBMXBSNJOH

substances;

t 3FEVDJOHOPJTFQPMMVUJPOEVSJOHPDDVQBUJPO

by installing adequate sound insulation in

walls, oors and plant rooms, especially in

ats and terraced / semi-detached houses;

t 3FEVDJOHOPJTFJNQBDUTGSPNSPBET

railways and industrial sites by using

EPVCMFHMB[JOHPOBMMBTQFDUTFYQPTFE

UPIJHIOPJTFMFWFMT/BUVSBMWFOUJMBUJPO

may not be a practical option on aspects

exposed to high noise levels;

t 3FEVDJOHMJHIUQPMMVUJPOCZVTJOH

directional and appropriate external

lighting;

t 3FEVDJOHJOUFSOBMBJSQPMMVUJPOCZVTJOH

natural nishing products, such as paints

and oor coverings;


t 3FNPWJOHTUBMFBOEQPMMVUJPOBJSBOESFEVDF

damp related to condensation through

natural and mechanical ventilation where

appropriate.

t .JOJNJTJOHFNCPEJFEQPMMVUJPOCZ

specifying local natural materials which are

manufactured without toxic chemicals;

t 'PMMPXJOHQSPDFEVSFTEFTDSJCFEJOUIF

Considerate Constructors Scheme an

t 5SBDSFMBUFEFNJTTJPOTTIPVMECFNJUJHBU

UISPVHIB4VTUBJOBCMF5SBOTQPSU1MBO

Always be careful what may be buried in the site.

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Rural buildings10

Rural idyll within the heart of Cornwall which needs preseving for future generations.

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as the design and siting of the building

ken into account the impact upon existing

ttlements and landscape settings?

as consideration of the proposals from all

ew-points been taken?

as natural landform and topography been

sed to help screen larger buildings?

We recommend:

t 'JUUJOHMBZPVUPGUIFCVJMEJOHTUPUIF

characteristic natural grain of the

landscape in rural locations;

t 3FUBJOJOHFYJTUJOHOBUVSBMGFBUVSFTPOUIF

site and maintaining them, e.g. trees and

Cornish Hedges and use them as the basis

to inform the new landscaping structure to

help to integrate the new building within

its surroundings;

t "MJHOJOHCVJMEJOHTQBSBMMFMXJUIUIF

contours on sloping sites;

t *ONPSFSVSBMTJUVBUJPOTTJUJOHOFX

buildings in folds of the landform to

provide screening and shelter and better

integration within the landscape, retaining

trees and hedges and respecting eld

patterns;

t .BLJOHVTFPGFYJTUJOHZBSETBOE

roads where ever possible rather thanintroducing new features into the

landscape;

t "WPJEJOHQPTJUJPOJOHCVJMEJOHTPOUIFDSFTU

of hillsand reducing visual impact by relating

the colour and materials to the landscape;

t 8IFSFBMBSHFBNPVOUPGBDDPNNPEBUJPO

is required, place smaller units towards the

main views to minimise the visual impact;

t %JHHJOHMBSHFCVJMEJOHTJOUPUIFHSPVOEJO

rural or urban fringe locations on sloping

sites may be appropriate if compatible with

local landscape character, and only after an

archaeological assessment;

t &OTVSJOHDPOTJTUFOUCVJMEJOHMJOFTBOE

set backs create a coherent pattern of

buildings and consider sensitivity in terms

of visibility and impact upon views and

vistas (see section on character areas);

t 6TJOHNPEVMBSCVJMEJOHTBOENVMUJ

span structures rather than single span

TUSVDUVSFTUIFVTFPG-56PS&TIBQFE

building plans can help to break-up the

apparent mass of new, large buildings;

t #SFBLJOHVQMBSHFBSFBTPGSPPGBOEXBMMT

UPFNQIBTJTIPSJ[POUBMPSWFSUJDBMGFBUVSFT

or well-positioned elements such as doors,

0. Rural buildings

downpipes and timber boarding. Make roof

darker than walls;

t .PSFGPSNBMBSFBTPGIBSETUBOEJOHTIPVME

use locally distinct materials slate, hoggin

or granite chippings to dene spaces;

t ,FFQJOHTJHOBHFBOEMJHIUJOHUPBNJOJNVN

while fullling its function;

t &OIBODJOHBOEQSPUFDUJOHFYJTUJOHBOE

opportunities for biodiversity; and

t 6TJOHBQQSPQSJBUFNBUFSJBMTDMBEEJOHDPMPV

and a limited colour palette. Tones of grey,

grey green, dark green, and brown make

the building appear more recessive in the

landscape; colours should get their cue from

the surrounding context.

Farmhouse conversion at Zennor, West Penwith.

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0.1 Agricultural and equestrian

We recommend:

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complex unless they warrant isolation forpractical reasons;

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they should follow traditional farmstead

patterns of development complexes;

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with the use of well positioned downpipes,

doors and timber boarding;

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especially in small f armyard groups;

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around new agricultural buildings to besympathetic to the local context;

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appropriately low key and rural in

character. Keep entrance gates simple

and match with the style of adjacent

boundaries timber gates are preferable;

and

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points and provide adequate, appropriate

screening.

0. Rural buildings

The listed, post medieval small moorland farm in need of sympathetic restorat

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Editors:

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Design, layout & production:

Christian Topf Design (CTD)

www.ctd-studio.co.uk

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Acknowledgements

Cornwall CouncilPlanning & Regeneration

First published in March 2013 (tbc)

All content believed correct at time of public

While Cornwall Council endeavours to ensur

accuraccy of all content it cannot be held respons

for any errors that may be contained within this g

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CTD/imijstudio

The beuatifully restored Anchor Wharehouse complex in Penryn.

Cornwall Design Guide

Publicationst 2VBMJUZ3FWJFXFS

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published by Thomas Telford, 2010.

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Contributors:

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36/36


Cornwall Council

Planning & Regeneration

Circuit House

Truro, Cornwall

53(5

01726 223 461

CORNWALL

Documents

CDG Part 4