Cell History, Types of Cells, Surface Area Notes 2011

8/4/2019 Cell History, Types of Cells, Surface Area Notes 2011

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Characteristics of Life

All living things have these 7 characteristics1. Made of Cells – building block of life

2. Metabolism – break down and build molecules

3. Genetic Code – DNA (heredity)4. Homeostasis – maintain stable internal state

5. Response to Stimulus – act or react

6. Ability to Reproduce – make babies7. Evolve – change over time



• are factors resulting from theactivities of a living thing or anyliving component in anenvironment, such as the actionsof an organism affecting the lifeof another organism.

Biotic

• are non-living chemical or physicalfactor in the environment, such assoil, pH, forest fire, etc.

• climate factors - include sunlight,humidity, temperature,atmosphere, etc.

• geologic factors - include the

nature and type of the soil,geology of the land, etc.

• social factors – how people useland, or water resources, etc.

Abiotic

•Mold

•Predators

•# of prey

•Pests killing crops

•Any factor caused by

a living thing

•Weather

•Drought

•Heat wave

•Volcano

•Earthquake

•Wasting water

•Polluting land

EXAMPLES:Factors that affect LIFE



BIOTIC ABIOTIC

Which words arecharacteristics of life?

Cells

EvolveRespond to Stimuli

Genetic Code

Homeostasis

Reproduce

Metabolism

Atoms

Energy

Biomolecules



The KINGDOMSof all living things

Kingdom Animalia (animals)

Kingdom Plantae (plants)

Kingdom Fungi (fungus)

Kingdom Protista (protists)

Kingdom Eubacteria (true bacteria) Kingdom Archebacteria (extreme bacteria)



History of CELLS

History of CYTOLOGY (history of cells)

–first seen in 1665 byRobert Hooke

–First to namethem “cells ”



...I could exceedingly plainly

perceive it to be all

perforated and porous, much

like a Honey-comb, but that

the pores of it were not regular. . . . these pores, or

cells, . . . were indeed the

first microscopical pores I

ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not

met with any Writer or

Person, that had made any

mention of them before this.. . Robert Hooke -- “Observation XVIII"

of the Micrographia



10 years Later…….

Antony van Leeuwenhoek 1675

– Looked at lake water

saw living “animalcules”

– ( Really unicellular organisms in Kingdom

Protista )





150 years later……. 1838- 1839

Technology improved !

– Germany

Botanist - Matthias Schlieden =

“Cells make up all parts of plants - stems, roots, leaves

Zoologist - Theodor Schwann = “ Cells make up all parts of animal tissue ”



1858

German Physician

Rudolph Virchow =

– “cells only come from pre-existing cells ”



Cell TheoryAll living things are composed of cells

The cell is the basic functional and

structural unit of all living matter

Cells come from pre-existing cells



memorize the “Cell Theory”



Different Types of Cells







Characteristics of ProkaryoticCells

Size 0.1 - 10 micrometers (mm)

No nucleus

No membrane-bound organelles

Ribosomes are present Cell Wall in all cells

All bacteria

Single circular chromosome of DNA

Divides by binary fission (splitting intwo)

Simple





Eukaryotic

10 mm-100 mm

Membrane bound organelles

Nucleus present

DNA is completely contained in a

nucleus Cells walls present in plant, protist and

fungal cells (not in animal cells)

Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungus

Multiple linear chromosomes of DNA

Divides with mitosis (nuclear division)

Complex



A Eukaryotic

cell

Documents

Cell History, Types of Cells, Surface Area Notes 2011