Cell Organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Parts

• Cells – the basic unit of life

• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.

Analogy – City of Rocklin

1) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

Analogy – Gowanda village limits

Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. Allows material to pass through pores (holes).

Cell membrane

2) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)

Analogy – ground, rock wall

1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.

2. Structure:rigid and stiff

Cell Wall

3) Chloroplasts (Plants only)

Analogy – Solar Panels

1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sunlight and carbondioxide into sugar).

2. Structure: contains green chlorophyll

Chloroplasts

4) Cytoplasm

1. Function: Fills the cell and cushions the organelles that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Gel-like

Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Gowanda, except City Hall

Cytoplasm

5) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

1. Function: Transportation route for proteins.

a. Rough ER: has ribosomes

b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes

2. Structure: tubes and channels

Rough ER

Smooth ER

6) Golgi Apparatus

Analogy – Post Office

1. Function: Processes, Packages, labels and ships proteins.

-near ER

Golgi Apparatus

7) Lysosomes

Analogy – Recycling center

1. Function: packets of digestive enzymes that break down materials in a cell.

- In animal cells

Lysosomes

8) Mitochondria

Analogy – electric plant

1. Function: Produce energy for the cell using oxygen and “food”– site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”

-in all cells

Mitochondria

9) Nucleus

1. Function: “Control Center.” Holds genetic material.

2. Structure: has a membrane and strands of DNA-chromatin, and nucleolus

Analogy – City Hall

Nucleus

9a) Nuclear Membrane

Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.

Nuclear Envelope

9b) Nucleolus

Analogy – The Mayor

1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.

2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA

Nucleolus

9c) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

Analogy – The Laws or City Code

1. Function: information on how to make proteins. a. Chromatin – strands of DNA (normal state)

b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division)

DNA (chromatin)

10) Ribosomes

Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

1. Function: Makes proteins.

2. Structure: small circular organelles

Ribosomes

Free Ribosomes

11) Vacuoles & Vesicles

Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.

Vesicles

YOU WILL LEARN THESE LATER…..

Centrioles (Animals Only)

1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.

Centrioles

Cilia & Flagella

Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

1. Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell.

2. Structure:

a. Flagella – 1 long fiber

b. Cilia – many short fibers

FlagellaFlagella Cilia

Cell Parts Analogy• Create an analogy (besides the city

analogy) for the cell and its parts

• Possible ideas:– Stadium– School– Country– Restaurant– House– Mall– Waterpark

Stadium Example:

• Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates

• Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium.

• Nucleus: the control room for the stadium.

• Etc…