Cells & Organelles

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cells• Smallest unit of life

• Made up of ORGANELLES

• separate part of the cell with a unique function

• Two types

Essential Functions•Cells have 5 Essential Functions•Structure•Transportation•Information Storage & Command•Production•Energy

•All organelles fall into ONE OR MORE of these categories

•Function

•Manages cell organelles

•Contains the cell’s genetic information

•Features:

•Nucleolus

• makes ribosomes

• Found inside the nucleus

Nucleus

•Features cont.:

•Nuclear membrane

•Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Nucleus

•Functions:

•Allows chemical reactions

•Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)

•Features:

• Jelly-like

•70-90% water

Cytoplasm

• *a network of protein fibers

• Functions:

• Gives strength, support & shape to the cell

• Provides movement for objects inside cell

• Features:

• Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell

• Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”

Cytoskeleton

•Function:

• the center of cell respiration/energy processing

• Converts glucose (sugar) from food to useable form of energy called ATP. ATP is used by cells to do work.

•Features:

• double membranes

• own DNA

Mitochondria

•Function:

• Controls what enters/exits the cell

•Features:

• found around outside of cell

• Selectively permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.

Cell Membrane

•Feature cont.:

•made of a phospholipid bilayer

•Swap a phosphate for one fatty acid in a triglyceride

•Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water

•Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water

Cell Membrane

•Some organelles are part of a system of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (to put together)

•Assembly

•Transport

•Storage

Organelles

•Function:

•Specializes in making proteins and transporting them

•Features:

•Long membrane “channels”

•Attached to nuclear membrane.

•Does have ribosomes attached

Rough ER

•Function:

• make proteins for the cell to use

•Features:

• Some floating free in the cytoplasm

• Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

•Function:

• transport and communication

• Synthesis of fats & carbohydrates

•Features:

• No ribosomes attached

• has tubes and canals.

Smooth ER

•Function:

• Makes membranes

• creates some products for secretion

• packages proteins for storage and/or shipment

•Features:

• Looks like stacks of pancakes

• Many layers of membranes

Golgi Apparatus

•Function:

•Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell.

•Feature:

•Membranes formed from Golgi or Cell Membrane

Vesicles

•Function:

•Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles

•Destroy bacteria

•Remove toxic wastes

•Features:

•Contain digestive enzymes

•About 40 types

Lysosome

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w10R9lv7eQ&feature=endscreen&NR=1

•Function:

•Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells

•Features:

•Found outside the cell membrane

•Made mostly of carbohydrates

Cell Wall

•Function:

•convert light energy into food (sugars and starches)

•Features:

•Contain pigments (like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy

•Have own DNA

Chloroplast

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Practice

•What are the 5 essential functions of a cell?

•List 2 organelles that could fall into each category.