Cell Structure and Function

Parts of a Cell: Organelles

I. Types of Cells

A. Prokaryotic Cells1.Pro = “Before”, Karyo = “Nucleus”2. No organized nucleus & simple structure3. Examples: Bacteria, Cyano-bacteria

B. Eukaryotic Cells1.Eu = “Good”, Karyo = “Nucleus”2.Membrane bound nucleus & structures called

organelles 3. Plant and Animal cells

II. Organelles

A. Nucleus 1. Control center of the

cell

2. Starts cell division and contains DNA and RNA 3. Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

OrganellesB. Cell Membrane

1. A cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from the outside2.They are not-rigid, but fluid and semi-permeable3.They control which molecules come in and out of the cell

Organelles

C. Mitochondria 1.“Power House” of the

cell2. Carry out respiration

a. Breaks down the glucose and converts it into ENERGY and CO2

Organelles

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum 1.Network of folded

membranes in a cell

2. Manufacture and transport chemicals throughout the cell 3. Two types: Smooth ER and Rough ER

Organelles

E. Golgi Bodies 1. System of flattened membranes2. Responsible for packaging and processing proteins3. Works with the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelles

F. Ribosomes 1. Ribosomes are where all proteins are made2. Can be found in the cells nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, or free floating

Organelles

G. Lysosomes 1. Digest molecules; old organelles, and foreign substances

OrganellesH. Cytoplasm

1.Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell

I. Cytoskeleton1.Internal structure or skeleton of a cell2.Gives strength to cell3. Anchors organelles in place

III. Organelles: Plant Cells

A. Plant cells have a few additional Organelles

Organelles:Plant Cell

B. Cell Wall 1. Rigid layer around a plant cell2. Gives structure and form to plant cells3. Made of Cellulose

Organelles: Plant Cell C. Chloroplast

1.“Power house” for a plant cells2.Converts sunlight into usable energy for the plant 3.Contains a large amount of green pigment; responsible for the plant color

Organelles: Plant Cell

D. Vacuole 1.Store enzymes2. Remove and store metabolic waste from the cell

3. Holds water

8. 9.

10. 11.