Cell Structures and Functions

Animal Cell

Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Cell Membrane

� Function: allows certain materials in and out of the cell.

� Nickname: “The Gate”

� Structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell

Animal Cell

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

2. Cytoplasm

� Function: to hold all organelles in place to allow them to carry out the life processes of the cell.

� Structure: gel-like material that is found inside the cell membrane and the outside of the nucleus.

Section 7-2

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

3. Nucleus

� Nickname: “The Control Center”

� Function: holds the DNA

� Parts:

1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

2. Nucleus Membrane: is a double membrane that surrounds to nucleus

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. Ribosomes

� Function: makes proteins

� Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Smooth

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

� Nickname: “Roads”, “Conveyer belt”

� Function: To move materials from one part of the cell to another

� The ER extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

� 2 Types:

1. Rough ER:

� Rough appearance because it has ribosomes

� Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes

2. Smooth ER:

� NO ribosomes

� Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. Golgi Apparatus

� Nickname: “The shippers” or “FedEx”

� Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

� Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

� Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”

� Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

7. Mitochondria

� Nickname: “The Powerhouse”

� Structure: Bean shape and has two membranes

� Function: Energy formation

� Breaks down food to make ATP

� ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes

Centrioles

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

8. Centrioles

� Function: During animal cell division, the centrosome divides and the centrioles replicate (make new copies).

� Not in plant cells.

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Centrioles

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Bodies

Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Cytoplasm

Vacuoles

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

9. Vacuoles

� Function: Temporary storage of water, foods, pigments, waste or other materials.

� In plants:

� Bigger in plant cells than animal cells.

� This is what makes lettuce crisp

� When there is no water, the plant wilts

� Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

10. Chloroplasts

� Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell

� Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

11. Cell Wall

� Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane

� Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

Plant Animal