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Cellular Respiration. Organic + Oxygen Carbon + Water + Energy. Compounds. Dioxide. Cellular respiration : A catabolic energy yielding pathway in which oxygen and organic fuels are consumed and ATP is produced An aerobic process—it requires oxygen. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cellular RespirationCellular respiration: A catabolic energy yielding pathway in which oxygen and organic fuels are consumed and ATP is produced
• An aerobic process—it requires oxygen
Organic + Oxygen Carbon + Water + EnergyCompounds
Dioxide
Summary equations:
Energy ConversionFuel rich inchemicalenergy
Energy conversionWaste productspoor in chemical
energy
Gasoline
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
WaterEnergy conversion in a car
Energy for cellular work
Energy conversion in a cell
Heatenergy
Heatenergy
Carbon dioxide
Water
Food
Oxygen
Combustion
Cellularrespiration
Kinetic energy
of movement
ATP
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 CO2O2 H2O
Glucose Oxygen Carbondioxide
Water
6 66
Reduction
Oxidation
Oxygen gains electrons (and hydrogens)
Glucose loses electrons(and hydrogens)
•By oxidizing glucose, energy is taken out of “storage” and made available for ATP synthesis
Metabolic Disequilibrium
*Multistep open hydroelectric system
3 metabolic stages:
*glycolysis *Krebs cycle
*electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
*Substrate-level phosphorylation
*Oxidative phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarriedby NADH
High-energyelectrons carriedmainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
GlycolysisGlucose
2Pyruvic
acid
ATP ATP ATP
Figure 6.6
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarried
by NADH
High-energyelectrons carried
mainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
Glycolysis
ATP ATP ATP2 2 ~34~38 ATP
per glucose
Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
Cellular Respiration
1) Glucose is phosphorylated
2) G-6-P is rearranged
3) Addition of another phosphate group
5) Conversion b/w the 2 3-carbon sugars
4) Cleavage into 2 3-carbon sugars
Cellular Respiration
6) Two components: *electron transfer *Phosphate group addition
Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase
7) ATP production
8) Rearrangement of phosphate group
9) Loss of water
10) ATP production
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
aerobicanaerobic
The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
The junction b/w glycolysis and the Krebs cycle:
Multienzyme complex:
1) Removal of CO2 2) Electron transfer *pyruvate dehydrogenase 3) Addition of CoA
Cellular Respiration
The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
1) Addition of 2 Carbons Citrate synthase
2) Isomerization Aconitase
3) *Loss of CO2 *electron transfer
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
4) *Loss of CO2 *electron transfer a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
5) substrate-level phosphorylation Succinyl CoA-synthetase
6) electron transfer Succinate
dehydrogenase
7) Rearrangement of bonds
Fumarase
8) electron transfer Malate dehydrogenase
Cellular Respiration
Electron transport and ATP synthesis
*Multi-step open system
Cellular Respiration
Generation and maintenance of an H+ gradient*Exergonic flow of e-, pumps H+ across the membrane
*chemiosmosis
high energy electrons
Cellular Respiration
*How does the mitochondrion couple electron transport and ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase
Cellular Respiration
Versatility of Cellular Respiration
Food
Polysaccharides Fats Proteins
Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids
Amino acids
Glycolysis AcetylCoA
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
ATP
– In addition to glucose, cellular respiration can “burn”:• Diverse types of carbohydrates• Fats• Proteins
