BIO 101 Lab Skills Test 2

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Cellular Respiration Ex 8 Cellular respiration = glycolysis + citric acid cycle + oxidative phosphorylation

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O

Reagents Soda lime is a reagent that absorbs CO2 Bromthymol blue dye is an indicator dye, turns yellow in presence of CO2

Experiments

- Exhaled air vs. room air - Crickets vs. seedlings - Plant in light versus dark - Respirometer to measure ml O2 consumed/hr/g in crickets vs. seeds

Know the independent variable and dependent variable for each experiment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Photosynthesis Ex. 7 Plants are autotrophs Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll Photosynthesis light Carbon dioxide + water oxygen + starch (glucose)

6 CO2 + 6 H2O 6 O2 C6H12O6 Experiments

- Plant grown in dark versus light and starch production o Independent and dependent variables

- Plant with variegated leaves (green/white), starch and sugar production

Techniques (review these) - Alcohol + boiling to extract chlorophyll from leaf - Iodine test for starch - Benedicts test for sugar - Chromatography– pigment separation

o Rf value – how to determine -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prokaryotes and Protists Ex. 10 Taxonomy – science of classifying organisms

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Scientific name = Genus and species Homo sapiens

Domain Archaea - Rare prokaryotes, extreme environments Domain Bacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic Most heterotrophs and saprotrophs Binary fission is mode of reproduction

BIO 101 Lab Skills Test 2

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Identify: Slides:

Bacillus, Coccus, Spirillum shapes Identify photosynthetic bacteria, autotrophs, chlorophyll

Agar plate antibiotics and bacteria

Questions

1. What are the 2 domains containing prokaryotes? 2. Which domain do protists and humans belong to? 3. What is the scientific name of humans? Identify the Genus and species. 4. Fill in: Domain ___ Phylum ____ Order Family ___ ____ 5. What are the 3 shapes of bacteria? 6. What is the photosynthetic pigment in cyanobacteria? 7. What is the method by which bacteria reproduce? 8. What is the effect of antibiotics?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Nucleus Organelles Specimen/slides

Trypanosoma - African sleeping sickness. Flagella Trichonympha -symbiont digests cellulose in wood for termite. Flagella Amoeba – pseudopods Paramecium –cilia, contractile vacuole Plasmodium in red blood cells, malaria Euglena - chlorophyll, flagellum Diatoms – silica cell wall

Slime molds Questions

1. What is the function of pseudopodia in amoeboid protozoa? 2. Identify the photosynthetic pigment in the plant-like Protista, Euglena. 3. What is the function of a flagellum in unicellular eukaryotes? 4. What is the function of cilia in the protist, Paramecium? 5. Which type of protist is known as slime mold? 6. Which two protists viewed cause disease in humans?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Algae Ex. 11 Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Photosynthetic autotrophs Green Algae Ancestral to higher plants Chloroplasts with chlorophyll Unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas Colonial green algae Volvox Spirogyra

Multicellular green algae Ulva

BIO 101 Lab Skills Test 2

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Brown Algae Multicellular, marine, seaweed Identify: Blade, stipe, airbladder, holdfast Kelp

Red Algae Questions

1. What is the main photosynthetic pigment in green algae? 2. Examine brown algae. What are the names of the following

a. Root like structure b. Leaf like structure c. Stem like structure

3. What structure of brown algae is most important in photosynthesis? 4. What is the function of the air-filled sacs in kelp?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fungi Ex. 12 Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Asexual and sexual reproduction Heterotrophs Saprotrophs or parasites Mycelium = non-reproductive body Hyphae = filaments of mycelium Sporangia and spores Cell walls of chitin

Phylum Zygomycota Specimen: Black bread mold (Rhizopus) Image: hyphae, sporangia Specimen: identify Slide: identify sporangia Phylum Ascomycota = Sac Fungi Specimen: identify sac fungi Slide: identify asci and spores (Peziza) Slide: wet mount yeast: identify budding yeast cells Penicillum Slide: identify conidiospores Phylum Basidiomycota = Club fungi (Mushrooms, birds nest fungus, corn smut, shelf fungus) Specimen: identify club fungi Slide: mushroom (Coprinus) gills and spores Lichen Fungus + algae symbiotic mutualistic relationship Specimen: Identify lichen Slide: Algal and fungal cells and function of each in lichen

BIO 101 Lab Skills Test 2

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Terrestrial Plants Ex. 13 Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Multicellular photoautotrophs Sexual reproduction/alternation of generations Chlorophylls Phylum Bryophyta = mosses Non-vascular Seedless No true roots Dependent on water for fertilization and growth Slides: Antheridia and archegonia produce gametes (sperm and egg) Specimen: Gametophyte (1n) = dominant form and sporophyte (2n, produces spores) Phylum Pterophyta = ferns Vascular True roots, stems, leaves Need water for fertilization Specimen: Leaves with sori Specimen: Sporophyte (2n) is dominant generation Slide: identify fern gametophyte (prothallium) (1n) Phylum Coniferophyta = cone bearing gymnosperms Vascular Root and shoot system Seeds Water not necessary for fertilization Sporophyte dominant generation Pollination by wind Identify: ovulate cones and staminate cones Identify: pollen grain Phylum Anthophyta = angiosperms = flowering plants Vascular Water not necessary for fertilization Seeds in fruit Sporophyte is dominant generation Pollination by wind, animals Identify on flower model: Stamen = anther, filament Pistil = stigma, style, ovary Petal, Sepal ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Flowering Plants Ex. 31 Monocots vs. Eudicots

Root hairs and root tip model Leaf epidermis slide

Identify: stomata Identify: guard cells

Plant specimen Identify: monocot parallel veins Identify: eudicot netlike veins Stems slides: monocot and eudicot vascular tissue arrangement