Ch. 10 Sec. 4

America Divided

What events led the South to secede from the Union?

Republicans choose Abraham Lincoln Platform:

1. Non-Extension of slavery 2. Protective tariff for Northern

manufacturers. 3. Immigrants rights – Irish vote 4. Northern route for transcontinental

railroad All of Lincoln’s support comes from Northern states.

Democrats are deeply divided. Northern dems nominate Stephen Douglass. Creator of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Doesn’t have much support in the North

or South Southern dems nominate John Breckenridge. Current VP and supporter of the Dred

Scott decision. Constitutional Union Party- Nominate John Bell No chance.

Outcome: 1. Lincoln – 180 Electoral Votes - 1.8 Million Votes 2. Douglas – 12 Electoral Votes – 1.3 Million Votes 3. Breckenridge- 72 Electoral Votes – 800,000 Votes 4. Bell – 39 Electoral Votes – 600,000 Votes

Meaning of outcome:1. Political parties have become completely sectionalized.

2. South Carolina had threatened to secede if Lincoln won.

Could a united Democratic party win?

Dec. 20 1860. - 1st state to secede from the Union – South Carolina

Jan. 10 – Georgia, Alabama, Florida

Feb. 1- Louisiana and Texas

Feb. 8- Confederate States of America formed in Montgomery, AL. NOTE THAT ALL THIS TAKES PLACE BEFORE LINCOLN TAKES OFFICE.

1. Wanted slavery, dislike of Free-Soil politics.

2. Tired of abolitionist nagging.

3. Tired of Northern interference – Fugitive Slave Act, John Brown

4. Sectional Isolation – Cultural, economical, geographical, intellectual

5. Moral emotionalism associated with slavery.

6. Misread Northern resolve– Assumed they would be able to go in peace.

Slavery would be protected in the Confederate States.

States’ Rights Create a new system where the states had more power than the federal gov’t.

MS Senator Jefferson Davis would be President.

The North did aggressively attempt peace to preserve the Union. Crittenden Proposal

1. Extension of slavery to the territories – no messing with slavery in the South.

2. Constitutional amendment guaranteeing the protection of slavery. 3. Compensation for unrecovered fugitive slaves.

Lincoln did not agree with expanding slavery, thus the proposal dies.

Lincoln’s Inaugural Address – “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow

countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors. You have not oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend’ it.” Maintains the Union is indispensible. Attempts to place the fault of the conflict on the

South.

Confederate Army had control of all major military forts in the South except Ft. Sumter. Lincoln needed to keep it, so he sent a ship to

resupply the fort.

Confederate troops order Major Robert Anderson to surrender. Agrees to surrender in two days. Delay is refused, Confederate forces fire on Ft.

Sumter April 12, 1861. 33 hours later Anderson surrenders. No deaths.

Ft. Sumter

Lincoln views the attack as treason. Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to strengthen the 15,000-strong army.

Border states secede – April 1861 Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas will all join the CSA.

Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri – Border States Maryland- holds nations capital, will remain slave but neutral. Kentucky and Missouri same.

Union successfully detaches West Virginia from Virginia.

Let’s see how we got to this point. Get with a partner. Take a sheet of white copy paper. Use your notes to make a timeline with these dates:

1831, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861 Word Bank:

South Carolina Secedes Confederation Established Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Kansas-Nebraska Act Uncle Tom’s Cabin Missouri Compromise Lincoln Elected President Harper’s Ferry Compromise of 1850