Ch 7 Respiration Student

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN

CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION Multiple Choice Question Instruction : For Question 1 to Question 10, each question is followed by four options. A, B, C and D. Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your answer sheet. 7.1: The Respiratory Process in Energy Production

1. Which of the following are true about anaerobic respiration in animal ?A B C D C6H12 O6 C6H 12O6 6CO2 C6H 12O6 + 6H20 + 2C3H603 2C2H5OH + 6O2 + + energy 2CO2 + energy + 6CO2 + energy

energy

C6H 12 O6 6CO2

+ 6H20

2.

The equation above is glucose fermentation by yeasts zimase Glucose What is R and S? A B C D Ethanol Ethanol and Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Lactic acid and Oxygen Lactic acid and Carbon dioxide R + S + energy

3.

What are the end products of aerobic respiration in green plants? I II III IV A B C D Oxygen Ethanol Carbon dioxide Water I and II I and III II and III III and IV

7-1

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK


4.

Which statement about ATP is not true? A B C D It has low energy It is a fast source of energy It is formed in the mitochondria It is energy that is produced from the break-down of glucose

5.

Which of the following statement about respiration is true? A B C D Respiration occurs only in the day time Only plants carry out respiration Internal respiration involves the oxidation of food Respiration occurs only at night

6.

Which of the following are true about aerobic and anaerobic respiration in yeasts? I II III IV A B C D Breakdown of glucose Formation of ATP molecules Catalysed by enzymes Production of carbondioxide I and II only I, II and IV only I , III and IV only I, II, III and IV

7.

Which is not true about ATP? A B C D Has a low energy A fast source of energy Formed in the mitochondria Energy that is produced from the breakdown of glucose

8.

Which of the following is true about respiration? A B C D Only plants carry out respiration Respiration occurs only in the day time In plants, respiration occurs only at night Cell respiration involves the oxidation of food

7-2



7.2 : The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanism in Humans and Animals. 9. Diagram 7.1 shows an organism with a different respiratory system than human.

DIAGRAM 7.1 Which of the following statements about the organism is true ? A B C D 10. The breathing system is made up of trachea Blood flows in the blood vessels Blood is pumped into the tracheal system Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix in the haemocoele

Which of the following statements on the intercostal muscles is not true ? A B C D They lie in between the ribs They help to enlarge the thoracic cavity They assist in breathing They cause the rib to expand

11.

Which of the following paths does a molecule of carbon dioxide take as it leaves the body? A B C D Alveolus Alveolus Trachea Bronchiole bronchiole bronchus bronchus bronchus bronchus bronchiole bronchiole alveolus trachea trachea alveolus trachea

12.

Diagram 7.2 shows a simple wooden parallelogram model to illustrate the breathing mechanism in human.

7-3



DIAGRAM 7.2 What processes occur to change from position P to Q ? I II III IV A B C D 13. External intercostal muscles contracts In ternal intercostal muscles relax Ribcage is pushed downwards and inwards Exhalation occurs I and II only III and IV only I , II and III only I , II , III and IV

Diagram 7.3 shows the longitudinal section of a thorax viewed from the side.

DIAGRAM 7.3 During the breathing process, which of the following occurs when the diaphragm is arch shaped? External intercostal muscles A B C D Relax Relax Contract Contract Ribcage Movement of air

Moves downwards and Air forced out of the inwards lungs Moves upwards outwards and Air forced out of the lungs

Moves downwards and Air sucked into the lungs inwards Moves upwards outwards and Air sucked into the lungs

7-4



7.3 : Gaseous Exchange across the Surfaces and Transport of Gaseous in Humans 14. Diagram 7.4 shows the structure for gaseous exchange.

Diagram 7.4 Which of the following are its characteristics ? I II III IV A B C D 15. I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only III and IV only Always moist Thin and permeable Has a large surface area Complete with main blood vessel

Which of the following statement is true ? A B C D Partial pressure of O2 is higher air than in the pulmonary artery Partial pressure of O2 is higher in muscle cells than in surrounding capillaries Partial pressure of CO2 is higher in the pulmonary vein than in the pulmonary artery Partial CO2 is higher in alveolar air than in the pulmonary artery

16.

Diagram 7.5 shows exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs and at body cells.

7-5



DIAGRAM 7.5 Which of the following is true? In the alveolus Partial pressure of O2 A B C D High Low High Low Partial pressure of CO2 Low High Low High In the body cells Partial pressure of O2 High Low Low High Partial pressure of CO2 Low High High Low

17.

A student exhaled air several times onto a piece of dry cobalt chloride paper. He noticed that the paper changed from blue to pink. Another piece of dry cobalt chloride paper that have been placed in an open Petri dish remained blue for the duration of the experiment (1 minute). What is the conclusion of the experiment? A B C D Exhaled air contains more oxygen than inhaled air Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide than inhaled air Exhaled air contains more water vapour than inhaled air Exhaled air contains more heat energy than inhaled air

18.

Diagram 7.6 shows the arrangement of equipment required to measure the gaseous content of air.

DIAGRAM 7.6 Length of exhaled air column Length of ehhaled air column after treatment with potassium hydroxide = = 10.0 cm 9.6 cm 8.5` cm

Length of ehhaled air column after treatment with potassium pyrogallate =

7-6



What is the percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air? A B C D 19. 4.2 % 8.5 % 11.0 % 21.0 %

Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of respiration in man? A. B. Exercise Food

C. High attitudes D. Fear 7.4 : The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration 20. Which of the following graphs show the changes in concentration of lactic acid in muscles during and 10 minutes after vigorous activities?

21.

What are the changes in skeletal muscles when an athlete is running a 400 metre race? Glycogen A B C Decreased Decreased Increased ATP Increased Decreased Increased Lactic acid Decreased Increased Decreased

7-7



D 22.

Increased

Decreased

Increased

When a person lives at high altitudes for a long time, he becomes acclimatized to the low partial pressure of oxygen by increasing the I II III IV A B C D total number of red blood cells total haemoglobin content ventilation rate rate of heart beat III and IV I,II and III I,II and IV I,II,III and I

23.

Which of the following statements are true when a person run 400 metres race? I II III IV A B C D The rate of heart beat increase Anaerobic respiration occurs in the skeletal muscles Lactic acid accumulates in the lungs There is an oxygen debt

I,II and III only I,II and IV only II,III and IV only I,II,III and IV only

24. The graph below shows the changes in lung air pressure during inhalation and exhalation. . Air pressure inthe lungs (mm Hg)

765 P Q

760 R S

7-8



755Time/sec

Which part represents the time when the rib bone starts moving upwards? A P B Q C R D S 25. Which factor is most effective increasing the rate of breathing in human? A B C D 7.5 26. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood which results in more carbonic acid and decreased in blood pH Increased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood Decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System What are the harmful effects of smoking? I II III IV A B C D Higher risk of having a child who suffers from down syndrome Causes emphysema Increases the risk of heart attacks and stroke Higher risk of getting lung cancer

I and II only I,III and IV only II,III and IV I,II, III and IV

27.

Which of the following substances is a respiratory poison? A B C D Magnesium Chloride Cyanide Calcium

7-9



7.6 28.

Respiration in Plants Diagram 7.7 shows three tubes contained an equal volume of hydrogen carbonate indicator solution which had been created

. DIAGRAM 7.7 What will be the color of the indicator solution after two hours ? M A B C D Yellow Red Red Purplish red 29. Yellow Yellow Red Red N Red Purplish red Yellow Yellow O

Which of the following information is true for both photosynthesis and respiration? Photosynthesis A B C D Cell that carries out the Cell with chloroplast process Condition at which Presence of light process takes place substrate Products Water dioxide and Aerobic respiration All type of living cells Absence of light

carbon Glucose

Glucose, oxygen and Carbon dioxide, ethanol

7-10



water 30.

and energy

Which of the following is not true of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration that occur in a green plant? Photosynthesis A B Occurs only in photosynthesis cell Aerobic respiration Occurs in all living cells

Water and carbon dioxide are Glucose and oxygen are requared requared Glucose and oxygen are produced Carbon dioxide, water and energy are released Occurs during the night

C

D 31.

Occurs during the day

How do plants carry out gaseous exchange between their living cell sand the surrounding? I II III IV A. B. C. D. Through the stomata pores Through the lenticels Through the cork layer of the stem Through the cells wall of young root tips

I,II and III only I, II and IV only II,III and IV only I, II, III and IV only

32.

Which of the following strategy is meant to increase the efficiency of gas exchange in plants? A B C D Having a large number of leaves More stomata in the upper epidermis Having the intercellular spaces filled with fluid Dropping the old leaves

7-11



Structured Items7.1: 1. The Respiratory Process in Energy Production Cell respiration occurs in both plants and animals. This process can generally be represented by the following equation :

C6 H1 2 O+ 6 O 2 6 C O 2 + 6 H 2 O + E n e 6 G lu co se + O x yg en C arb o n D io x id + + n e e EW(a) The above equation shows that oxygen is used for cell respiration. So, when an animal is actively running, its rate of inhalation and exhalation increases. Explain why does the rate of heart beat also increases? [1 mark] (b) (i) What is the form of energy temporarily stored during tissue respiration before it is used by muscles? [1 mark]

(ii) Besides energy, what are the end products of anaerobic plants and animals? respiration in

[2 marks]

(c) Why does an animal continue to have a high rate of respiration even at the end of a vigorous exercise? [3 marks]

7-12



... (d) State 3 characteristics of the alveoli which ensure efficient gaseous exchange. [3 marks]

(e)

The trachea and bronchii in mammals have rings of cartilage in their walls. Why are these cartilage rings necessary? [2 marks]

7-13



7.2 : 2.

The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanism in Humans and Animals. Diagram 7.8 shows the arrangement of some organs in the thoracic region of human.

Diagram 7.8 (a) (i) Name the part labelled P and state its function. (1 marks)

.. .. (ii) Name the tissue Q found in the trachea and state its function. (2 marks) .. .. (iii) Name the part labelled R and state its function. (2 marks)

.. .. (b) (i) Name the process by which the exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli. (1 mark)

...

7-14



(c) State two ways in which smoking can decrease the efficiency of therespiratory system. (2 marks)

human

3.

Diagram 7.9 shows the respiratory organ A and B.

Organ A Figure 3

Organ B

ORGAN A DIAGRAM 7.9

ORGAN B

(a)

Name organ A and organ B.

(2 marks)

Organ A: Organ B :

(b)

Draw and label the respiratory surfaces of X and Y.

(4 marks)

7-15



(c)

Explain four characteristics of the respiratory structure X and structure Y that enable gaseous exchange to be carried out efficiently in the respiratory organs. (4 marks)

(d)

Explain how microorganism carry out respiration without specialized respiratory structure. ( 2 marks)

..

7-16



7.3 : 4.

Gaseous Exchange across the Surfaces and Transport of Gaseous in Humans Diagram 7.10 shows gaseous exchange in the lungs and tissues in humans.

Red blood cell

Blood capillary Body cells Diagram 7.10 (a) (i) Name Y which is found in the lungs. [1 mark]

(ii) Name two characteristics of Y which makes it efficient for gaseous exchange. [2 marks]

(b) (i) Name the substance in red blood cells that help in the transport of oxygen. [1 mark]

(ii)

Name the mineral found in the substance in (b)(i).

[1 mark]

.

(c)

In what form is carbon dioxide transported in the blood plasma to the [1 mark]

lungs?

..................................................................................................................

7-17



(d)

M and N are physical processes that occur during gaseous exchange. Name M and N. [2 marks]

.. .. (e) What happens to carbon monoxide when it is absorbed into the blood? [1 mark]

..

(f)

When there is lack of oxygen, what is produced from cellular respiration in human body cells? [1 mark]

(g)

Smoking can damage lungs. Name two substances which can be found in cigarette smoke. [2 marks]

7-18



7.4 : The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration 5. Diagram 7.11 shows the changes of the lactic acid concentration in a mans blood during and after vigorous exercise.

Lactic acid concentration in blood ( mg/ 100 cm3 blood )

X

Y

DIAGRAM 7.11 (a) Explain the changes that occur during stage X. [3 marks] Time (minute) 8 minutes of vigorous activity

(b)

(i)

Based on Diagram 7.7, when will the lactic acid concentration level return [1 mark]

to normal level during stage Y?

(ii) Explain what happen to the excess lactic acid? [2 marks]

. .

7-19



(c)

Write the chemical equation of respiration which produces lactic acid. [1 mark] .. (d) Diagram 7.12 shows a regulating mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body.

DIAGRAM 7.12 Based on Diagram 5.2, explain how the heart beat and breathing rates increase after vigorous exercise. [4 marks] .. .. . . .. . . .. ..

7.5

The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System

7-20



6.

Diagram 7.13 shows the apparatus used to investigate the effects of smoking

on

white cotton wool and bicarbonate indicator solution.

Diagram 7.13

a)

What does the glass U-tube represent?

[1 mark]

. (b) What would be the thermometer reading after cigarette has been completely burnt? [1 mark] . (c) State the effect of the cigarette smoke on (i) (ii) the white cotton wool in the U-tube, .. the bicarbonate indicator solution .. (d) (i) Name two carcinogenic substances contain in the cigarette. [2 marks] ... [2 marks]

7-21



(ii)

Explain how these substances can cause cancer.

[3 marks]

.... . .... ....

(e)

State three harmful effects of smoking.

[3 marks]

.... . ... .............

Essay Items

7-22



1

(a) (b)

Explain how energy is released during respiration. Yeast is capable of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

[4

marks] State the comparison between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in yeast. [6 marks] (c) Diagram 7.15 shows an athlete is running in track. Diagram 7.16 shows oxygen debt graph

DIAGRAM 7.15

DIAGRAM 7.16

Based on the above diagram and graph, explain the production of energy by the body of the athlete. [10 marks]

2

(a)

The mechanism of inspiration in the human body is an active process and expiration is a passive process. Describe how inspiration and expiration occur in human body. [10 marks]

(b)

Explain how an oxygen debt is built up when an athlete is running a 400 metres race and how it is repair after the race.

7-23



[10 marks] 3. (a) Describe gaseous exchange in (i) Insects Flowering plants [ 10 marks ]

(ii)(b) (c)

Compare the respiratory surface of an insect with that of a flowering plant. [ 6 marks ] Describe the path of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere to the heart. [ 4 marks ]

4

(a)

Diagram 7.17 shows the longitudinal section through the thorax of a man.

DIAGRAM 7.17 Describe briefly the mechanism of breathing in man. In your answer, describe the parts played by the (i) (ii) (iii) diaphragm intercostals muscles and ribs, and alveoli [ 10 marks ] (b) Explain, with the help of a labelled diagram, how gaseous exchanges between human alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs occur. How is the respiratory surface adapted for this process?

7-24



[ 10 marks ]

7-25


Documents

Ch 7 Respiration Student