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Ch 9: Energy in a Cell ATP, Photosynthesis and ATP, Photosynthesis and
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
I. EnergyA. Energy is essential for life. All
living organisms must be able to obtain energy from the environment they live in.
B. Plants are able to trap the light energy in sunlight and store it to use when necessary. (Autotrophs)
C. Animals obtain energy from plants or other animals that eat plants. (Heterotrophs)
D. Energy is stored in chemical bonds of ATP = adenosine triphosphate.
ATP made of:made of:
1. 1. adenosine moleculeadenosine molecule2. 2. ribose sugarribose sugar3. 3. three phosphatesthree phosphates
held together by chemical bondsheld together by chemical bonds
ATP Cycle When a phosphate is broken off of ATP, When a phosphate is broken off of ATP,
energy is energy is releasedreleased and ADP is formed. and ADP is formed. When a phosphate is added to ADP, When a phosphate is added to ADP,
energy is energy is storedstored and ATP is formed. and ATP is formed.
**So the way energy is stored and **So the way energy is stored and released with ATP is released with ATP is to add or remove a to add or remove a phosphatephosphate..
Formation and breakdown of ATP creates a source of energy
adenosine
adenosine PP P
P
P P
P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
energy
energy
III. ATP EquationIII. ATP Equation
This formula is a true reversible This formula is a true reversible reaction and is shown with a double-reaction and is shown with a double-headed arrow. The molecules can be headed arrow. The molecules can be used over and over again. It can be used over and over again. It can be written with ATP on the left or on the written with ATP on the left or on the right.right.ADP + P + energy ATPADP + P + energy ATP
ORORATP ADP + P + energyATP ADP + P + energy
Uses of Cell Energy A. Provide energy for muscle cells
(muscle contraction)
B. Cell division and cell repair
C. Maintain homeostasis
D. Transport molecules and proteins through the cell membrane.
E. Making molecules
Photosynthesis
VocabularyA.A. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis – process by – process by
which autotrophs turn sunlight which autotrophs turn sunlight into chemical energy; make into chemical energy; make foodfood
B.B. PigmentsPigments – compounds that – compounds that absorb/reflect wavelengths of absorb/reflect wavelengths of light light
Vocabulary
C.C. ChlorophyllChlorophyll – green pigment – green pigment found in plant chloroplastsfound in plant chloroplasts
D.D. ChloroplastChloroplast – cell organelle – cell organelle where photosynthesis occurswhere photosynthesis occurs
What is the ultimate source of all energy?
How does the energy get from the sun into the foods we eat?
energy
energy
What process captures the light energy and uses it to make food?
OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLANTS TAKE INCO2 AND H2O
PLANTS MAKE GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN
SUNLIGHT PROVIDES THE ENERGY
FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis What is photosynthesis?What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process Photosynthesis is the process
by which:by which:
water
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
TAKE IN AND USING MAKE
PLANTS(producers)
light
chlorophyll
Photosynthesis Formula How would this be written as a
chemical equation? What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products)
H2O Light Reaction Dark ReactionC
O 2C6H12O6
O 2
chlorophyll
H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2
Photosynthesis Formula What’s wrong with this equation? The number of atoms is not equal on
both sides of the equation.
Balance the equation so that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2
one carbon atom reactant
6 carbon atoms product
6 6 6(1)
Now balance it as if TWO glucose molecules were being produced.
Photosynthesis Review What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products)
H2O Light Reaction Dark Reaction
CO 2
C6H12O6
O 2
chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6
light
chlorophyll
How do cells make energy?
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
I. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration – the process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy
• Series of chemical reactions which produce ATP.
• There are 2 forms of cellular respiration.
• Mitochondria is the cell organelle where respiration occurs.
A. 2 Forms of Cellular Respiration:
1. Aerobic Respiration – requires oxygen & produces 36 ATP molecules
2. Anaerobic Respiration – does NOT require oxygen & produces 2 ATP molecules
Cellular Respiration What is cellular respiration?What is cellular respiration? Cellular respiration is the process Cellular respiration is the process
by which:by which:
water
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
TAKE IN MAKE
mitochondria
ATP
Cellular Respiration FormulaHow would this be written as a chemical
equation?What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products)
H2O CO2C6H12O6O2
Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
mitochondriamitochondria
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
food synthesizedfood synthesized food broken down food broken down
energy from sun stored in energy from sun stored in glucoseglucose
energy of glucose released energy of glucose released
carbon dioxide taken incarbon dioxide taken in carbon dioxide given off carbon dioxide given off
oxygen given offoxygen given off oxygen taken in oxygen taken in
produces sugars produces sugars produces carbon dioxide and produces carbon dioxide and water water
requires lightrequires light does not require light does not require light
occurs only in presence of occurs only in presence of chlorophyllchlorophyll
occurs in all living cells occurs in all living cells