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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Pressure
Chapter 2 - Pressure Measurement
Chapter 3 - Vapor Pressure
Chapter 4 - Partial Pressure
Chapter 5 - Pressure Sensor and Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 6 - Sound Pressure and Vacuum
Chapter 7 - Pressure Vessel
Chapter 8 - Center of Pressure
A Comprehensive Introduction to Pressure (Fundamental Physics Concept)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Special Relativity
Chapter 2 - Mass-Energy Equivalence
Chapter 3 - Mass in Special Relativity
Chapter 4 - Consequences of Special Relativity & Important Concepts of Special Relativity
Chapter 5 - Lorentz Transformation
Chapter 6 - Velocity-Addition Formula
A Comprehensive Introduction to Special Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Ultraviolet Radiation
Chapter 2 - Health-related Effects of UV Radiation
Chapter 3 - Astronomical Ultraviolet Source
Chapter 4 - Dye-sensitized Solar Cell and Extreme Ultraviolet
Chapter 5 - Sunburn
Chapter 6 - Ultraviolet Index
A Comprehensive Introduction to Ultraviolet Radiation
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Acoustics
Chapter 2 - Ocean Acoustic Tomography and Wave Equation
Chapter 3 - Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 4 - Acoustic Metamaterials
Chapter 5 - Musical Acoustic
Acoustics & its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Acoustics
Chapter 2 - Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 3 - Ocean Acoustic Tomography
Chapter 4 - Acoustic Wave Equation
Chapter 5 - Acoustic Impedance & Acoustic Emission
Chapter 6 - Acoustic Tag & Acoustic Streaming
Chapter 7 - Structural Acoustics
Chapter 8 - Acoustic Location
Chapter 9 - Reflection Seismology
Chapter 10 - Acoustic Resonance
Chapter 11 - Acoustic Theory
Acoustics Engineering & Oceanography
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Acoustics
Chapter 2 - Acoustic Wave Equation
Chapter 3 - Acoustic Impedance & Acoustic Emission
Chapter 4 - Acoustic Tag & Acoustic Streaming
Chapter 5 - Structural Acoustics
Chapter 6 - Acoustic Location
Chapter 7 - Reflection Seismology
Chapter 8 - Acoustic Resonance
Chapter 9 - Acoustic Theory
Chapter 10 - Introduction to Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 11 - Applications of Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 12 - Ocean Acoustic Tomography
Chapter 13 - SOFAR Channel and Echo Sounding
Acoustics Engineering, Oceanography & Underwater Acoustics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Experimental Physics
Chapter 2 - Experimental Techniques
Chapter 3 - Bell Test Experiments
Chapter 4 - Double-slit Experiment
Chapter 5 - Gravity Probe A and B
Chapter 6 - Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Chapter 7 - Prominent Experimental Physics Projects
Advanced Experimental Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Fundamental Interaction
Chapter 2 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 3 - Weak and Strong Interactions
Chapter 4 - Electroweak Interaction
Chapter 5 - Gravitation
Advanced Fundamental Interactions in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - History of Gravitational Theory
Chapter 2 - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Chapter 3 - General Relativity
Chapter 4 - Alternatives to General Relativity
Chapter 5 - Graviton and Quantum Gravity
Chapter 6 - Gravity of Earth
Chapter 7 - Gravitation Wave
Advanced Gravitational Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Mechanics
Chapter 2 - History of Classical and Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 3 - Classical Mechanics
Chapter 4 - Hamiltonian Mechanics
Chapter 5 - Lagrangian Mechanics
Chapter 6 - Orbital Mechanics
Chapter 7 - Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 8 - Rigid Body and Moment of Inertia
Chapter 9 - Kinematics
Advanced Mechanics (Important Branch of Physics)
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Semi-empirical Mass Formula and Nuclear Shell Model
Chapter 2 - Radioactive Decay
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Fusion
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Fission
Chapter 5 - Nucleon
Chapter 6 - Isotope
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Power
Advanced Nuclear Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Statistical Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 - Thermodynamic System and Equilibrium
Chapter 5 - Thermodynamic Process
Chapter 6 - Thermal Conductivity
Chapter 7 - Thermoelectric Effect
Advanced Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Power
Chapter 2 - Nuclear Reactor Technology
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Fuel
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Chain Reaction
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Reprocessing
Chapter 6 - Radioactive Waste
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Proliferation
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Energy Policy
Chapter 9 - Nuclear Power Debate
Advances in Nuclear Power
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Acoustics 1• Acoustics 1• MechanicalWave 9
Chapter 2 Branches of Acoustics 19• Aeroacoustics 19• ArchitecturalAcoustics 22• MusicalAcoustics 24• NonlinearAcoustics 28• Bioacoustics 32• UnderwaterAcoustics 35• FisheriesAcoustics 44• Archaeoacoustics 47• PhysicalAcoustics 50
Chapter3 Fundamental Concepts of Acoustics 52• AcousticWaveEquation 52• Fluid 56• P-Wave 57• AcousticHolography 60• Diffraction 60• Reflection(Physics) 73
Chapter4 Essential Aspects of Acoustics 80• Vibration 80• Sound 94• Ultrasound 102• Infrasound 113
Chapter5 Transduction in Acoustics 119• Transducer 119• Loudspeaker 120• Microphone 145• Hydrophone 167
Chapter6 Principles and Applications of Transduction 170• Electromagnetism 170• Electrostatics 177• Piezoelectricity 185• SoundReinforcementSystem 200
An Introduction to Acoustics
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Chapter7 Wave Propagation: Pressure Levels
219
• SoundPressure 219 • AbsoluteThresholdofHearing 224 • Interference(WavePropagation) 231
Permissions
Index
An Introduction to Acoustics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 3 - Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 4 - Fluid Power and Capillary Surface
Chapter 5 - Viscosity
Chapter 6 - Compressible Flow
Chapter 7 - Incompressible Flow
Chapter 8 - Rayleigh Number
Chapter 9 - Shell Balance and Simple Shear
An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Accelerator Physics & Agrophysics
Chapter 2 - Biophysics & Medical Physics
Chapter 3 - Geophysics
Chapter 4 - Optical Fiber
Chapter 5 - Metrology
Chapter 6 - Plasma (Physics)
Chapter 7 - Microfluidics
Chapter 8 - Petrophysics
Chapter 9 - Astrophysics
Applied Physics & Areas of Research
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atmospheric Tide
Chapter 2 - Brunt–Väisälä Frequency, Baroclinity and Buys Ballot's Law
Chapter 3 - Clear–air Turbulence
Chapter 4 - Coriolis Effect
Chapter 5 - Cyclogenesis
Chapter 6 - Jet Stream
Chapter 7 - Kelvin Wave and Gravity Wave
Chapter 8 - Low–pressure Area
Chapter 9 - Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 - Adiabatic Process
Chapter 11 - Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 12 - Convective Available Potential Energy
Chapter 13 - Lapse Rate and Heat Index
Chapter 14 - Relative Humidity
Chapter 15 - Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure
Chapter 16 - Psychrometrics
Chapter 17 - Carnot Cycle
Chapter 18 - Pressure
Chapter 19 - Density of Air and Atmospheric Convection
Atmospheric Dynamics and Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atmospheric Tide
Chapter 2 - Brunt–Väisälä Frequency, Baroclinity and Buys Ballot's Law
Chapter 3 - Clear-air Turbulence
Chapter 4 - Coriolis Effect
Chapter 5 - Cyclogenesis
Chapter 6 - Jet Stream
Chapter 7 - Kelvin Wave and Gravity Wave
Chapter 8 - Low-pressure Area
Chapter 9 - Madden–Julian Oscillation
Chapter 10 - Outflow Boundary
Chapter 11 - Vorticity
Atmospheric Dynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atmospheric Physics & Remote Sensing
Chapter 2 - Cloud Physics
Chapter 3 - Atmospheric Electricity
Chapter 4 - Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 5 - Adiabatic Process
Chapter 6 - Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 7 - Convective Available Potential Energy
Chapter 8 - Lapse Rate and Heat Index
Chapter 9 - Relative Humidity
Chapter 10 - Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure
Chapter 11 - Psychrometrics
Chapter 12 - Carnot Cycle
Chapter 13 - Pressure
Atmospheric Physics & Thermodynamics (Concepts and
Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - Adiabatic Process
Chapter 3 - Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 4 - Convective Available Potential Energy
Chapter 5 - Lapse Rate and Heat Index
Chapter 6 - Relative Humidity
Chapter 7 - Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure
Chapter 8 - Psychrometrics
Chapter 9 - Carnot Cycle
Chapter 10 - Pressure
Chapter 11 - Density of Air and Atmospheric Convection
Chapter 12 - Dew Point
Chapter 13 - Clausius–Clapeyron Relation and Lifted Condensation Level
Chapter 14 - Wind Chill and Radiosonde
Atmospheric Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atom
Chapter 2 - Atomic Theory
Chapter 3 - Single Atoms
Chapter 4 - Bohr Model
Chapter 5 - Atomic Orbital
Chapter 6 - Free Electron Model
Chapter 7 - Electronic Band Structure
Chapter 8 - Density Functional Theory
Chapter 9 - Nearly-free Electron Model and Drude Model
Chapter 10 - Noble Gas
Atomic Models
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Atomic Physics 1
Chapter 2 Atom: An Integrated Study 4i. Atom 4ii. Atomic Number 25iii. Subatomic Particle 29iv. Atomic Orbital 32v. Atomic Mass 52vi. Atomic Radius 59
Chapter 3 Atomic Theory and Models 65i. Atomic Theory 65ii. Atomism 72iii. Plum Pudding Model 84iv. Geiger–Marsden Experiment 87v. Rutherford Model 99vi. Bohr Model 103
Chapter 4 Atomic Nucleus and its Structure 118i. Atomic Nucleus 118ii. Nuclear Structure 125iii. Semi-empirical Mass Formula 134iv. Nuclear Shell Model 142v. Nuclear Force 149vi. Nuclear Magnetic Moment 157
Chapter 5 Spectral Line: A Comprehensive Study 159i. Spectral Line 159ii. Emission Spectrum 164iii. Selection Rule 169iv. Forbidden Mechanism 173v.
Zeeman Effect 179vi.Stark Effect 187vii.Hydrogen Spectral Series 192
Chapter 6 Understanding Angular Momentum Coupling 198i. Angular momentum coupling 198ii. Spin (Physics) 203iii. Spin Quantum Number 218iv. Electron Magnetic Moment 223
Doppler Broadening 177
viii.
Atomic physics
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v. Spin–orbit Interaction 229vi. J-coupling 236vii. Fine Structure 238viii. Hyperfine Structure 244
Chapter 7 Scattering: An Overview 252i. Scattering 252ii. Raman Scattering 256iii. Rayleigh Scattering 262iv. Rutherford Scattering 267v. Compton Scattering 270vi. Small-angle Scattering 277vii. Scattering Theory 280
Permissions
Index
Atomic physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Atom
Chapter 2 - Ion
Chapter 3 - Electron
Chapter 4 - Proton
Chapter 5 - Neutron
Chapter 6 - Atomic Orbital
Chapter 7 - Molecular Orbital
Chapter 8 - Chemical Element
Chapter 9 - Atomic Theory
Chapter 10 - Single Atoms
Chapter 11 - Bohr Model
Chapter 12 - Free Electron Model
Chapter 13 - Electronic Band Structure
Chapter 14 - Density Functional Theory
Chapter 15 - Nearly–free Electron Model and Drude Model
Atomic Structures and Models
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Structure of Matter
Chapter 2 - Phase (matter) and Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Other Important Types of Matter
Chapter 4 - Matter Wave and Hadron
Chapter 5 - Condensed Matter Physics
Chapter 6 - Crystal Structure
Chapter 7 - Non–Crystalline Solids
Chapter 8 - Soft Matter
Basic and Condensed Matter Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to General Relativity
Chapter 2 - History of General Relativity
Chapter 3 - Einstein’s Field Equations and Mathematics of General Relativity
Chapter 4 - Two–Body Problem in General Relativity
Chapter 5 - Geodetic Precession and Frame–Dragging
Chapter 6 - Special Relativity
Chapter 7 - Consequences of Special Relativity
Chapter 8 - Equivalence Principle
Chapter 9 - World Line
Chapter 10 - Gravitational Wave
Chapter 11 - Geodetic Effect
Basic Concepts, Elements and Applications of General Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Mechanics and Electromagnetism
Chapter 2 - Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Quantum Mechanics and Theory of Relativity
Chapter 4 - Optics
Basic Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics
Chapter 2 - Fermi–Dirac Statistics
Chapter 3 - Pauli Exclusion Principle
Chapter 4 - Uncertainty Principle
Chapter 5 - Spin (Physics)
Chapter 6 - Bose–Einstein statistics
Chapter 7 - Spin Network
Chapter 8 - Spin–Statistics Theorem
Chapter 9 - Introduction to Particle Physics
Chapter 10 - Subatomic Particle and Standard Model
Chapter 11 - Elementary Particle and Strong Interaction
Chapter 12 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 13 - Meson and Boson
Basic Properties and Concepts of Particle Physics
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Chapter 1 - Electric Displacement Field
Chapter 2 - Magnetic Field
Chapter 3 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 4 - Vacuum Permittivity
Chapter 5 - Electric Field
Chapter 6 - Displacement Current
Chapter 7 - Electric Potential
Chapter 8 - Magnetic Potential
Chapter 9 - Permittivity
Chapter 10 - Permeability (Electromagnetism)
Chapter 11 - Scalar Potential
Chapter 12 - Speed of Light
Basic Quantities and Constants in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Electric Displacement Field
Chapter 2 - Magnetic Field
Chapter 3 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 4 - Vacuum Permittivity
Chapter 5 - Electric Field
Chapter 6 - Displacement Current
Chapter 7 - Electric Potential
Chapter 8 - Magnetic Potential
Chapter 9 - Permittivity
Chapter 10 - Introduction to Fundamental Interaction
Chapter 11 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 12 - Weak and Strong Interactions
Chapter 13 - Electroweak Interaction
Basic Quantities, Constants and Fundamental Interactions in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Bending
Chapter 2 - Euler–Bernoulli Beam Equation
Chapter 3 - Stress (Mechanics)
Chapter 4 - Shear Stress
Chapter 5 - Timoshenko Beam Theory
Chapter 6 - Plasticity (Physics)
Chapter 7 - Plastic Deformation in Solids
Chapter 8 - Tsai–Wu Failure Criterion
Chapter 9 - Fracture
Chapter 10 - Viscoplasticity
Chapter 11 - Mohr–Coulomb Theory
Chapter 12 - Drucker Prager Yield Criterion
Bending Mechanics & Plasticity Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Equilibrium Thermodynamics & Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 5 - Thermal fluids
Chapter 6 - Second Law of Thermodynamics
Branches of Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Reactive Centrifugal Force
Chapter 2 - Centrifugal Force (Rotating reference frame)
Chapter 3 - Absolute Rotation
Chapter 4 - History of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces
Chapter 5 - Frame of Reference
Centrifugal Force and Important Concepts of Fictitious Forces
(Introductory Physics Concepts)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
Chapter 2 - Molecular Dynamics
Chapter 3 - Quantum Chemistry
Chapter 4 - Solid-state Physics
Chapter 5 - Intermolecular Force
Chemical Physics & Physical Chemistry
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Kinematics
Chapter 3 - Velocity and Speed
Chapter 4 - Acceleration
Chapter 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 6 - Potential Energy
Chapter 7 - Hamiltonian Mechanics
Chapter 8 - Lagrangian Mechanics
Chapter 9 - Continuum Mechanics
Chapter 10 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 11 - Stress (Mechanics)
Chapter 12 - Deformation (Mechanics)
Chapter 13 - Finite Strain Theory
Chapter 14 - Peridynamics
Classical and Continuum Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Kinematics
Chapter 3 - Velocity and Speed
Chapter 4 - Acceleration
Chapter 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 6 - Potential Energy
Chapter 7 - Hamiltonian Mechanics
Chapter 8 - Lagrangian Mechanics
Chapter 9 - Continuum Mechanics
Chapter 10 - Kinetic Energy
Classical Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 3 - Classical Mechanics
Chapter 4 - Solid Mechanics
Chapter 5 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 6 - Acoustics
Chapter 7 - Optics
Classical Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Cow Magnet, Dipole Magnet and Molecule–Based Magnets
Chapter 2 - Magnet
Chapter 3 - Neodymium Magnet
Chapter 4 - Plastic Magnet, Programmable Magnet and Quadrupole Magnet
Chapter 5 - Rare–Earth Magnet
Chapter 6 - Refrigerator Magnet
Chapter 7 - Samarium–Cobalt Magnet
Chapter 8 - Single–Molecule Magnet
Chapter 9 - Superconducting Magnet
Chapter 10 - Magnetic Circuit
Chapter 11 - Electromagnet
Chapter 12 - Magnetic Core
Chapter 13 - Electric Motor
Chapter 14 - Magnetic Refrigeration
Classification, Components & Concepts of Electromagnetism and Magnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Elastic and Inelastic Collision
Chapter 2 - Kinetic and Internal Energy
Chapter 3 - Collision Detection
Chapter 4 - Diffraction
Collision and Introductory Physics Concepts
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Combustion
Chapter 2 - Heat of Combustion
Chapter 3 - Flue Gas Stack
Chapter 4 - Flashover and Flash Point
Chapter 5 - Flammability Limit
Chapter 6 - Dynamic Combustion Chamber, Flammability Diagram, Limiting Oxygen Concentration
Chapter 7 - Flame and Smoulder
Combustion Process and its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Magnetic Flux
Chapter 2 - Faraday's Law of Induction
Chapter 3 - Gauss's Law for Magnetism
Chapter 4 - Magnetic Field
Chapter 5 - Magnetic Moment
Chapter 6 - Force Between Magnetic
Chapter 7 - Electromagnet
Components, Laws and Concepts of Electromagnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Photon
Chapter 2 - Bose Gas and Bose–Einstein Statistics
Chapter 3 - Stimulated Emission
Chapter 4 - Quantum Field Theory
Chapter 5 - Gauge Theory
Chapter 6 - Photon Polarization
Concepts and Elements of Photons, Particle Statistics and Quantum Field Theory
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Vibration
Chapter 2 - Molecular Vibration
Chapter 3 - Damping
Chapter 4 - Bushing (Isolator) and Balancing of Rotating Masses
Chapter 5 - Effective Mass (Spring-Mass System) and Statistical Energy Analysis
Chapter 6 - Mechanical Resonance
Chapter 7 - Noise, Vibration, and Harshness
Chapter 8 - Torsional Vibration and Vibrating String
Chapter 9 - Vibration Isolation
Chapter 10 - Pendulum
Chapter 11 - Gridiron Pendulum and Kater's Pendulum
Chapter 12 - Ballistic Pendulum
Chapter 13 - Conical Pendulum and Doubochinski's Pendulum
Chapter 14 - Foucault Pendulum
Chapter 15 - Foucault Pendulum Vector Diagrams
Concepts of Mechanical Vibrations and Pendulum in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Optical Aberration
Chapter 2 - Dispersion
Chapter 3 - Important Concepts in Optics
Chapter 4 - Focal Length and Cardinal Point
Chapter 5 - Hyperfocal Distance
Chapter 6 - Refractive Index
Chapter 7 - Reflecting Telescope and Refracting Telescope
Concepts, Elements and Devices in Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Condensed Matter Physics
Chapter 2 - Crystal Structure
Chapter 3 - Non-Crystalline Solids
Chapter 4 - Soft Matter
Chapter 5 - Nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics & its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Conservation of Energy
Chapter 2 - Conservation of Mass
Chapter 3 - Charge Conservation
Chapter 4 - Mass–Energy Equivalence
Chapter 5 - Momentum
Chapter 6 - Parity (Physics)
Chapter 7 - Angular Momentum
Chapter 8 - Probability Current
Chapter 9 - Noether’s Theorem
Conservation Laws in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Continuum Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 3 - Stress (Mechanics)
Chapter 4 - Deformation (Mechanics)
Chapter 5 - Finite Strain Theory
Chapter 6 - Peridynamics
Chapter 7 - Viscoelasticity
Chapter 8 - Plasticity
Chapter 9 - Fracture Mechanics
Chapter 10 - Bending
Chapter 11 - Failure Theory (Material)
Chapter 12 - Hooke's Law
Continuum and Solid Mechanics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Convection
Chapter 2 - Natural Convection
Chapter 3 - Fin (extended surface)
Chapter 4 - Grashof Number
Chapter 5 - Heat Transfer Coefficient
Chapter 6 - Nusselt Number
Chapter 7 - Solar Chimney
Chapter 8 - Rayleigh-Bénard Convection and Marangoni Effect
Chapter 9 - Mantle Convection and Rayleigh Number
Chapter 10 - Atmospheric Circulation
Chapter 11 - Thermosiphon and Advection
Chapter 12 - Stack Effect and Convection Cell
Chapter 13 - Thermohaline Circulation and Churchill–Bernstein Equation
Convection Movement in Fluid Dynamics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Convection
Chapter 2 - Natural Convection
Chapter 3 - Fin (extended surface)
Chapter 4 - Grashof Number
Chapter 5 - Heat Transfer Coefficient
Chapter 6 - Nusselt Number
Chapter 7 - Solar Chimney
Chapter 8 - Rayleigh-Bénard Convection and Marangoni Effect
Chapter 9 - Mantle Convection and Rayleigh Number
Chapter 10 - Atmospheric Circulation
Chapter 11 - Bernoulli's Principle
Chapter 12 - Benedict–Webb–Rubin Equation
Chapter 13 - Continuity Equation
Chapter 14 - Camassa–Holm Equation
Chapter 15 - Darcy Friction Factor Formulae
Chapter 16 - Euler Equations (Fluid Dynamics)
Chapter 17 - Derivation of the Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 18 - Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 19 - Orr–Sommerfeld Equation
Convection Movement, Equations and Applications of Fluid Dynamics
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Chapter 20 - Mild–Slope Equation
Chapter 21 - Morison Equation
Convection Movement, Equations and Applications of Fluid Dynamics
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to Density
Chapter 2 - Density Functional Theory
Chapter 3 - Density Matrix
Chapter 4 - Density of States
Chapter 5 - Energy Density
Chapter 6 - Spectral Density
Chapter 7 - Relative Density
Density Physics
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Chapter 1 - Dielectric
Chapter 2 - Permittivity
Chapter 3 - Basic Concepts in Optics
Chapter 4 - Applications of Dielectrics
Chapter 5 - High-k Dielectric and Low-k Dielectric
Chapter 6 - Ellipsometry and Dielectric Gas
Dielectrics and Basic Concepts in Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Diffraction Formalism
Chapter 3 - Airy Disk
Chapter 4 - Neutron Diffraction and Electron Diffraction
Chapter 5 - Coherence
Chapter 6 - Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction
Chapter 7 - Powder Diffraction
Diffraction (Fundamental Physics Concept)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Diffraction Formalism
Chapter 3 - Airy Disk
Chapter 4 - Neutron Diffraction and Electron Diffraction
Chapter 5 - Coherence
Chapter 6 - Polarization (Waves)
Chapter 7 - Photon Polarization
Chapter 8 - Circular Polarization
Diffraction and Polarization Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Diffraction Formalism
Chapter 3 - Airy Disk
Chapter 4 - Neutron Diffraction and Electron Diffraction
Chapter 5 - Coherence
Chapter 6 - Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction
Chapter 7 - Doppler Effect
Chapter 8 - Wave Power
Chapter 9 - Double–Slit Experiment
Chapter 10 - Group Velocity
Chapter 11 - Lamb Waves
Chapter 12 - Longitudinal Wave
Chapter 13 - Phase (Waves)
Chapter 14 - Wave Packet
Chapter 15 - Wave Vector
Chapter 16 - Wave Propagation & Wave Impedance
Diffraction Physics & Wave Mechanics (Concepts & Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Potential Energy
Chapter 2 - Elastic Energy
Chapter 3 - Kinetic Energy
Chapter 4 - Thermal Energy
Chapter 5 - Geothermal Energy
Chapter 6 - Electric Potential Energy
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Power
Chapter 8 - Surface Energy
Chapter 9 - Dark Energy
Chapter 10 - Solar Energy
Diverse Forms of Energy
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Gravitational Lens
Chapter 2 - Dynamical Friction and Einstein Ring
Chapter 3 - Frame–Dragging
Chapter 4 - Gravitational Induction and Gravitational Lensing Formalism
Chapter 5 - Gravitational Microlensing
Chapter 6 - Gravitational Time Dilation
Chapter 7 - Gravitational Wave
Chapter 8 - Gravity Assist
Chapter 9 - Lunar Theory
Chapter 10 - Shapiro Delay and Tidal Force
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Quantum Gravity
Chapter 12 - Applied Quantum Gravity in Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
Chapter 13 - String Theory
Chapter 14 - Loop Quantum Gravity
Effects of Gravitation & Basics of Quantum Gravity (Concepts & Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Gravitational Lens
Chapter 2 - Dynamical Friction and Einstein Ring
Chapter 3 - Frame-Dragging
Chapter 4 - Gravitational Induction and Gravitational Lensing Formalism
Chapter 5 - Gravitational Microlensing
Chapter 6 - Gravitational Time Dilation
Chapter 7 - Gravitational Wave
Chapter 8 - Gravity Assist
Chapter 9 - Lunar Theory
Chapter 10 - Shapiro Delay and Tidal Force
Chapter 11 - Speed of Gravity
Chapter 12 - Gravitational Redshift
Chapter 13 - Gravitomagnetism
Effects of Gravitation
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Electromigration
Chapter 2 - Electron Cyclotron Resonance and Electrospray
Chapter 3 - Electron Mobility
Chapter 4 - Fermi Surface and Ferrimagnetism
Chapter 5 - Ferromagnetism
Chapter 6 - Hall Effect
Chapter 7 - Magnetic Circuit
Chapter 8 - Magnetic Moment
Chapter 9 - Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy
Chapter 10 - Paramagnetism
Chapter 11 - Photomagnetism and Polarizability
Chapter 12 - Spin Glass and Spin Wave
Chapter 13 - Stoner-Wohlfarth Model
Electric and Magnetic Fields in Matter Physics
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Chapter 1 - Electric Current
Chapter 2 - Electric Shock
Chapter 3 - Electroluminescence
Chapter 4 - Ferroelectricity
Chapter 5 - Photoelectric Effect
Chapter 6 - Piezoelectricity
Chapter 7 - Static Electricity
Chapter 8 - Direct Current & Telluric Current
Chapter 9 - Pyroelectricity
Chapter 10 - Triboelectric Effect & Electric Spark
Chapter 11 - Piezoresistive Effect & Electrosphere
Chapter 12 - Classical and Quantum Conductivity
Electrical Phenomena
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical Electromagnetism
Chapter 2 - Lorentz Force
Chapter 3 - Lepton
Chapter 4 - Antiparticle
Chapter 5 - Electromotive Force
Chapter 6 - Positronium
Chapter 7 - Quantum Electrodynamics
Chapter 8 - Waveguide (Electromagnetism)
Chapter 9 - Electric Current
Chapter 10 - Electric Shock
Chapter 11 - Electroluminescence
Chapter 12 - Ferroelectricity
Chapter 13 - Photoelectric Effect
Chapter 14 - Piezoelectricity
Chapter 15 - Static Electricity
Chapter 16 - Direct Current & Telluric Current
Chapter 17 - Pyroelectricity
Electrodynamics & Electrical Phenomena
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical Electromagnetism
Chapter 2 - Lorentz Force
Chapter 3 - Lepton
Chapter 4 - Antiparticle
Chapter 5 - Electromotive Force
Chapter 6 - Positronium
Chapter 7 - Quantum Electrodynamics
Chapter 8 - Waveguide (Electromagnetism)
Chapter 9 - Lienard–Wiechert Potential
Chapter 10 - Eddy Current
Chapter 11 - Electromagnetic Field
Electrodynamics (branch of physics which deals with rapidly changing
electric and magnetic fields)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - History of Electromagnetic Theory
Chapter 2 - Electromagnetic Field
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 4 - Classical Electrodynamics
Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chapter 7 - Electromagnetic Brake and Quantum Electrodynamics
Chapter 8 - Computational Electromagnetics
Chapter 9 - Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Electromagnetism (Elements, Theory, Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Electron
Chapter 2 - Virtual Particle
Chapter 3 - Atom
Chapter 4 - Electron Diffraction
Chapter 5 - Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction
Chapter 6 - Valence Electron
Chapter 7 - Free Electron Model
Electron (Fundamental Concept of Physics)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electrostatics
Chapter 2 - Fundamental Concepts in Electrostatics
Chapter 3 - Poisson's Equation and Laplace's Equation
Chapter 4 - Electrostatic Generator and Induction
Chapter 5 - Static Electricity
Chapter 6 - Electrostatic Discharge
Chapter 7 - Classical Electromagnetism
Chapter 8 - Lorentz Force
Chapter 9 - Lepton
Chapter 10 - Antiparticle
Chapter 11 - Electromotive Force
Chapter 12 - Positronium
Chapter 13 - Quantum Electrodynamics
Chapter 14 - Waveguide (Electromagnetism)
Electrostatics & Electrodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Electric Charge and Electric Current
Chapter 2 - Electric Field and Electric Potential
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 4 - Electrical Network
Electrostatics and Classical Electromagnetism (Prominent Elements,
Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Fundamental Concepts in Electrostatics
Chapter 2 - Poisson's Equation and Laplace's Equation
Chapter 3 - Electrostatic Generator and Induction
Chapter 4 - Static Electricity
Chapter 5 - Electrostatic Discharge
Chapter 6 - Electric Charge
Chapter 7 - Electrostatic Potential
Electrostatics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Standard Model
Chapter 2 - Fermion and Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Quark
Chapter 4 - Fundamental Bosons
Chapter 5 - Grand Unification Theory and Supersymmetry
Chapter 6 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 7 - Axion
Chapter 8 - Goldstone Boson
Chapter 9 - Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 10 - Supermanifold
Chapter 11 - Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
Chapter 12 - Tachyon
Chapter 13 - Higgs Boson
Chapter 14 - W' and Z' Bosons & X and Y Bosons
Elementary and Hypothetical Particle Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Standard Model
Chapter 2 - Fermion and Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Quark
Chapter 4 - Fundamental Bosons
Chapter 5 - Grand Unification Theory and Supersymmetry
Chapter 6 - String Theory
Chapter 7 - Technicolor
Elementary Particle Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Radioactive Decay
Chapter 2 - Ionizing Radiation
Chapter 3 - Decay Chain
Chapter 4 - Radiation Poisoning and Radioactive Contamination
Chapter 5 - Radioactive Waste and Radioactive Scrap Metal
Chapter 6 - Spent Nuclear Fuel and Beta Decay
Elements & Components of Radioactivity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Special Relativity
Chapter 2 - Consequences of Special Relativity
Chapter 3 - Equivalence Principle
Chapter 4 - World Line
Chapter 5 - Gravitational Wave
Chapter 6 - Two-Body Problem in General Relativity
Chapter 7 - Frame-Dragging
Chapter 8 - Geodetic Effect
Chapter 9 - Einstein Field Equations
Chapter 10 - Linearized Gravity
Chapter 11 - Doubly-Special Relativity
Elements of General Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Energy
Chapter 2 - Work (Physics)
Chapter 3 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 - Potential Energy
Chapter 5 - Elastic Energy
Chapter 6 - Kinetic Energy
Chapter 7 - Internal Energy
Chapter 8 - Energy Transformation
Chapter 9 - Electricity
Chapter 10 - Electromagnetism
Energy Physics & its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Energy
Chapter 2 - Work (Physics)
Chapter 3 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 - Potential Energy
Chapter 5 - Elastic Energy
Chapter 6 - Kinetic Energy
Chapter 7 - Internal Energy
Chapter 8 - Thermodynamic Free Energy
Chapter 9 - Exergy
Chapter 10 - Flory–Huggins Solution Theory
Chapter 11 - Helmholtz Free Energy
Chapter 12 - Standard Gibbs Function of Formation
Chapter 13 - Entropy
Chapter 14 - Maximum Entropy Thermodynamics
Chapter 15 - Entropy (arrow of time)
Energy Physics & Thermodynamic Entropy (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Cryogenics
Chapter 2 - Cryogenic Grinding & Cryogenic Processor
Chapter 3 - Joule–Thomson Effect
Chapter 4 - Pulse Tube Refrigerator
Chapter 5 - Boiler
Chapter 6 - Condensing Boiler
Chapter 7 - Fire-Tube Boiler
Chapter 8 - Flued Boiler
Chapter 9 - Vacuum Flask & Stoddard Engine
Chapter 10 - Stirling Boiler
Chapter 11 - Superheater
Chapter 12 - Water Heating
Chapter 13 - Water-Tube Boiler
Engineering Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Introduction to Entropy
Chapter 1 - Entropy in Statistical and Classical Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - History of Entropy
Chapter 3 - Entropy (Arrow of time) and Entropy Applications
Chapter 4 - Order and Disorder
Chapter 5 - Cosmological Applications
Chapter 6 - Applications and Concepts of Entropy in Information Theory
Entropy Physics and its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Bernoulli's Principle
Chapter 2 - Benedict–Webb–Rubin Equation
Chapter 3 - Continuity Equation
Chapter 4 - Camassa–Holm Equation
Chapter 5 - Darcy Friction Factor Formulae
Chapter 6 - Euler Equations (Fluid Dynamics)
Chapter 7 - Derivation of the Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 8 - Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 9 - Orr–Sommerfeld Equation
Chapter 10 - Mild-Slope Equation
Chapter 11 - Morison Equation
Chapter 12 - Taylor–Goldstein Equation & Pressure-Correction Method
Chapter 13 - Stokes Flow
Chapter 14 - Vorticity Equation
Chapter 15 - Rankine–Hugoniot Conditions
Equations of Fluid Dynamics
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Chapter 1 - Astronomical Filter
Chapter 2 - Curved Mirror
Chapter 3 - Eyepiece
Chapter 4 - Liquid Mirror
Chapter 5 - Optical Coating
Chapter 6 - Parabolic Reflector
Chapter 7 - Telescope Mount
Chapter 8 - Charge-Coupled Device
Chapter 9 - Other Equipments of Telescope
Equipments of Telescope
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - History of Electromagnetic Theory
Chapter 2 - Electromagnetic Field
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 4 - Classical Electrodynamics
Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chapter 7 - Maxwell's Equations
Chapter 8 - Ampère's Circuital Law
Chapter 9 - Gauss's Law
Chapter 10 - Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Chapter 11 - Telegrapher's Equations
Chapter 12 - Gauss's Law for Magnetism
Chapter 13 - Faraday's Law of Induction
Essence of Electromagnetism
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Explanation of Ferromagnetism
Chapter 2 - Ising Model
Chapter 3 - Ferromagnetic Materials
Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Materials
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 3 - Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 4 - Fluid Power and Capillary Surface
Chapter 5 - Viscosity
Chapter 6 - Compressible Flow
Chapter 7 - Incompressible Flow
Chapter 8 - Viscoelasticity
Chapter 9 - Plasticity
Chapter 10 - Fracture Mechanics
Chapter 11 - Bending
Chapter 12 - Failure Theory (Material)
Chapter 13 - Hooke's Law
Fluid and Solid Mechanics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 2 - Aerodynamics
Chapter 3 - Boundary Layer
Chapter 4 - Computational Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 5 - Convection
Chapter 6 - Flow Measurement
Chapter 7 - Magnetohydrodynamics
Chapter 8 - Turbulence
Chapter 9 - Wind Wave
Chapter 10 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 11 - Navier–Stokes Equations
Chapter 12 - Fluid Power and Capillary Surface
Chapter 13 - Viscosity
Chapter 14 - Compressible Flow
Chapter 15 - Incompressible Flow
Fluid Dynamics and Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Maxwell's Equations
Chapter 2 - Ampère's Circuital Law
Chapter 3 - Gauss's Law
Chapter 4 - Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Chapter 5 - Telegrapher's Equations
Chapter 6 - Gauss's Law for Magnetism
Chapter 7 - Faraday's Law of Induction
Chapter 8 - Lorentz Force
Chapter 9 - Biot–Savart Law
Foundations of Classical Electromagnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Friction
Chapter 2 - Viscosity
Chapter 3 - Plastic Deformation in Solids
Chapter 4 - Types of Friction
Chapter 5 - Friction Stir Welding
Friction Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Space
Chapter 2 - Force
Chapter 3 - Matter
Chapter 4 - Energy
Chapter 5 - Acoustics and Astrophysics
Chapter 6 - Atomic Physics and Optics
Chapter 7 - Computational Physics and Condensed Matter Physics
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics
Fundamental Concepts and Specific Fields of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - History of Gravitational Theory
Chapter 2 - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Chapter 3 - General Relativity
Chapter 4 - Alternatives to General Relativity
Chapter 5 - Graviton and Quantum Gravity
Chapter 6 - Bimetric Theory and Brans–Dicke Theory
Chapter 7 - Conformal Gravity and Cosmological Constant
Chapter 8 - Einstein Aether Theory and Einstein–Cartan Theory
Chapter 9 - Entropic Gravity and Gravitational Field
Chapter 10 - Kaluza–Klein Theory
Chapter 11 - Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation
Chapter 12 - Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Fundamental Concepts and Theories of Gravitational Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fourier Optics
Chapter 2 - Radio Waves
Chapter 3 - Fundamental Physics Concepts
Chapter 4 - Ionosphere
Fundamental Concepts of Physics and Electromagnetic Radiation
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Space
Chapter 2 - Force
Chapter 3 - Matter
Chapter 4 - Energy
Chapter 5 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 6 - Gravitation
Chapter 7 - Entropy
Fundamental Concepts of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Poynting's Theorem
Chapter 2 - Runge–Gross Theorem
Chapter 3 - No–Communication Theorem
Chapter 4 - Shell Theorem
Chapter 5 - Wick's Theorem
Chapter 6 - Noether's Theorem
Chapter 7 - Liouville's Theorem (Hamiltonian)
Chapter 8 - Mermin–Wagner Theorem
Chapter 9 - Leggett–Garg Inequality & Kutta–Joukowski Theorem
Chapter 10 - Laws and Theories of Optics and Acoustics
Chapter 11 - Laws of Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 - Laws and Theories of Electricity, Quantum Mechanics and Particle Physics
Fundamental Theorems, Laws and Theories of Physics
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Chapter 1 - Mechanics and Electromagnetism
Chapter 2 - Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Quantum Mechanics and Theory of Relativity
Chapter 4 - Optics
Chapter 5 - Particle Physics
Chapter 6 - Magnetic Field
Fundamentals of Physics 1
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physics 1
Chapter 2 Branches of Physics 21a. Particle Physics 21b. Astrophysics 25c. Condensed Matter Physics 30d. Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39e. Electromagnetism 48f. Quantum Mechanics 58
g. Fluid Mechanics 77h. Theoretical Physics 81
Chapter 3 Physics: Theories, Principles and Laws 89a. Classical Physics 89b. Hamiltonian Mechanics 91c. Archimedes’ Principle 100d. Bernoulli’s Principle 102e. Physical Law 116f. Conservation Law 119
g. Inverse-square Law 124h. Stokes’ Law 129i. Faxén’s Law 133j. Hagen–Poiseuille Equation 134
Chapter 4 Motion: A Comprehensive Study 144a. Motion (Physics) 144b. Velocity 148c. Momentum 154d. Frame of Reference 171e. Newton’s Laws of Motion 181
Chapter 5 Work and Energy: An Integrated Study 192a. Force 192b. Fundamental Interaction 215c. Friction 223d. Impulse (Physics) 235e. Work (Physics) 237f. Power (Physics) 251
g. Energy 256h. Forms of Energy 272i. Conservation of Energy 284
Fundamentals of Physics
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Chapter 6 Fundamental States of Matter 294 a. Matter 294 b. State of Matter 308 c. Phase (Matter) 318 d. Solid 322 e. Liquid 336 f. Gas 343 g. Plasma (Physics) 356
Permissions
Index
Fundamentals of Physics
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to General Relativity 1
Chapter 2 Gravity: A Comprehensive Study 23a. Gravity 23b. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 33c. Introduction to General Relativity 43d. Gravity of Earth 58e. Gravitational Wave 68f. Alternatives to General Relativity 90
g. History of Gravitational Theory 117
Chapter 3 Key Concepts of General Relativity 123a. Spacetime 123b. Galilean Invariance 131c. Lorentz Covariance 134d. Cosmological Constant 138e. BKL Singularity 143f. Relativistic Angular Momentum 173
g. Wormhole 186
Chapter 4 Mathematical Tools of General Relativity 195a. Introduction to the Mathematics of General Relativity 195b. Tensor 203c. Riemann Curvature Tensor 215d. Stress–energy Tensor 221e. Covariant Derivative 227f. Parallel Transport 236
g. Geodesics in General Relativity 240h. Einstein Field Equations 246i. Solutions of the Einstein Field Equations 253j. Schwarzschild Metric 255
Chapter 5 Special Relativity: An Overview 263a. Special Relativity 263b. Lorentz Transformation 282c. Ladder Paradox 307d. Time Dilation 315
Fundamentals of Relativity
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e. Length Contraction 329 f. Mass–energy Equivalence 339 g. Minkowski Space 360 h. Tests of Special Relativity 374 i. Classical Electromagnetism and Special Relativity 383
Permissions
Index
Fundamentals of Relativity
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Boyle's Law
Chapter 2 - Charles's Law
Chapter 3 - Combined Gas Law
Chapter 4 - Compressibility Factor
Chapter 5 - Equation of State
Chapter 6 - Gas
Chapter 7 - Ideal Gas Law
Chapter 8 - Henry's Law
Chapter 9 - Gay-Lussac's Law & Graham's Law
Chapter 10 - Van Der Waals Equation
Chapter 11 - Amagat's Law & Avogadro's Law
Gas Laws in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Gas
Chapter 2 - Macroscopic Models, Theories and Concepts in Gas Physics
Chapter 3 - Kinetic Theory
Chapter 4 - Simplified Models
Chapter 5 - Prominent Gas Laws
Chapter 6 - Compressibility Factor and Boundary Layer
Gas Physics: Concepts, Models and Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Geometrical Optics
Chapter 2 - Astigmatism
Chapter 3 - Brewster's Angle and Chromatic Aberration
Chapter 4 - Circle of Confusion
Chapter 5 - Defocus Aberration and Depth of Focus
Chapter 6 - Fermat's Principle and Focal Length
Chapter 7 - Focus (Optics) and Fresnel Equations
Chapter 8 - Optical Aberration
Chapter 9 - Ray Transfer Matrix Analysis
Chapter 10 - Snell's Law
Chapter 11 - Cardinal Point
Chapter 12 - Reflection
Geometrical Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Glass
Chapter 2 - Calculation of Glass Properties
Chapter 3 - Fracture Mechanics
Chapter 4 - Light Scattering and Abbe Number
Chapter 5 - Dispersion (Optics)
Chapter 6 - Refractive Index
Chapter 7 - Total Internal Reflection and Opacity (optics)
Chapter 8 - Supercooling, Spontaneous Glass Breakage and Tempering
Chapter 9 - Glass Transition
Chapter 10 - Surface Tension
Glass Physics 1
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Table of Contents
Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Glass 1
Chapter 2 Physical Properties of Glass 17• Viscosity 17• LowEmissivity 36• HeatableGlass 38• Corrosion 42• GlassTransition 58• ThermalExpansion 66• Density 78• RefractiveIndex 87• Dispersion(Optics) 105• Liquidus 115• HeatCapacity 116• FusedQuartz 156• BorosilicateGlass 161• Soda-limeGlass 169• FloatGlass 171• StainedGlass 174• CrownGlass(Window) 196• ChemicallyStrengthenedGlass 197
Chapter3 Architectural Glass: An Integrated Study 199• ArchitecturalGlass 199• GlassBrick 207• Annealing(Glass) 209• LaminatedGlass 210• ToughenedGlass 214• Self-cleaningGlass 218• InsulatedGlazing 221• FlatGlass 228
Chapter4 Natural Occurence of Glass 230• LibyanDesertGlass 230• DarwinGlass 231• Tektite 232• VolcanicGlass 239• Tachylite 240• Obsidian 242• Perlite 248• Pele’sTears 251• Palagonite 252• Pumice 253
Glass Physics
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• Diamond 255 • Hyalite 275 • SlocumStone 276 • Opal 277
Chapter5 Production of Glass 287 • GlassProduction 287 • Glassblowing 294 • CylinderBlownSheetGlass 301 • MachineDrawnCylinderSheetGlass 302 • SiliconDioxide 302 • PolishedPlateGlass 313 • FourcaultProcess 313 • BroadSheetGlass 316 • BlownPlateGlass 317 • Glazier 317 • GlassColoringandColorMarking 320
Chapter6 Applications of Glass 325 • GlassTile 325 • Glass-bottomBoat 326 • Fiberglass 328 • Windshield 338 • StormGlass 343 • PhotochromicLens 345 • PictureFramingGlass 346
Chapter7 Recycling of Glass 353 • GlassRecycling 353 • RecycledGlassCountertops 356 • GlassWool 357
Permissions
Index
Glass Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical Mechanics
Chapter 2 - Kinematics
Chapter 3 - Velocity and Speed
Chapter 4 - Acceleration
Chapter 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 6 - Potential Energy
Chapter 7 - Hamiltonian Mechanics
Chapter 8 - Lagrangian Mechanics
Chapter 9 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 11 - Solid Mechanics
Chapter 12 - Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 13 - Acoustics
Handbook of Classical Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Experimental Physics
Chapter 2 - Experimental Techniques
Chapter 3 - Bell Test Experiments
Chapter 4 - Double–slit Experiment
Chapter 5 - Gravity Probe A and B
Chapter 6 - Fizeau Experiment & Hafele–Keating Experiment
Chapter 7 - Michelson–Morley Experiment
Chapter 8 - Oil Drop Experiment
Chapter 9 - Trouton–Rankine Experiment & Trouton–Noble Experiment
Chapter 10 - Cavendish Experiment
Chapter 11 - Schiehallion Experiment
Chapter 12 - Pound–Rebka Experiment
Chapter 13 - Bedford Level Experiment
Chapter 14 - Molten–Salt Reactor Experiment
Chapter 15 - Cowan–Reines Neutrino Experiment & Pitch Drop Experiment
Chapter 16 - Geiger–Marsden Experiment & Homestake Experiment
Chapter 17 - Afshar Experiment
Chapter 18 - Stern–Gerlach Experiment
Handbook of Experimental Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Geometrical Optics
Chapter 2 - Astigmatism
Chapter 3 - Brewster's Angle and Chromatic Aberration
Chapter 4 - Circle of Confusion
Chapter 5 - Defocus Aberration and Depth of Focus
Chapter 6 - Fermat's Principle and Focal Length
Chapter 7 - Focus (Optics) and Fresnel Equations
Chapter 8 - Optical Aberration
Chapter 9 - Ray Transfer Matrix Analysis
Chapter 10 - Nonlinear Optics
Chapter 11 - 3D Optical Data Storage
Chapter 12 - Acousto–Optics
Chapter 13 - Cross–Polarized Wave Generation & Electro–Optic Modulator
Chapter 14 - GRENOUILLE
Chapter 15 - Kerr Effect
Chapter 16 - Kerr–Lens Modelocking
Chapter 17 - Quasi-Phase-Matching
Chapter 18 - Optical Parametric Oscillator & Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference Phase Scan
Handbook of Geometrical and Nonlinear Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Conduction (Heat)
Chapter 2 - Heat Equation
Chapter 3 - Thermal Grease
Chapter 4 - Heat Pipe
Chapter 5 - Thermal Conductivity
Chapter 6 - Thermal Contact Conductance
Chapter 7 - Heat Transfer Coefficient
Chapter 8 - Heat Engine
Chapter 9 - Rankine Cycle
Chapter 10 - Gas Only Cycles
Chapter 11 - Stirling Engine
Chapter 12 - Steam Engine
Handbook of Heat Conduction and Heat Engine Systems
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - History of Electromagnetic Theory
Chapter 2 - Types of Magnetism
Chapter 3 - Magnetic Field
Chapter 4 - Magnetic Dipole and Monopole
Handbook of Magnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Technology
Chapter 2 - Nuclear Reactor Physics
Chapter 3 - Control Rod
Chapter 4 - Generation IV Reactor
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Fusion
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Safety
Chapter 8 - Natural Nuclear Fission Reactor
Handbook of Nuclear Reactor Technology
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Glass
Chapter 2 - Phosphor
Chapter 3 - Scintillator
Chapter 4 - Transparency and Translucency
Chapter 5 - Sapphire
Chapter 6 - Negative Index Metamaterials
Chapter 7 - Light-emitting Diode
Handbook of Optical Materials
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Optical Phenomenon
Chapter 2 - Iridescence
Chapter 3 - Shadow
Chapter 4 - Zodiacal Light
Chapter 5 - Entoptic Phenomenon
Chapter 6 - Diffraction
Chapter 7 - Dispersion
Chapter 8 - Birefringence
Chapter 9 - Double–slit Experiment
Chapter 10 - Optical Illusion
Chapter 11 - Autostereogram
Chapter 12 - Filling–in
Chapter 13 - Wagon–wheel Effect
Chapter 14 - Lilac Chaser and Blivet
Chapter 15 - Liquid Crystal Shutter Glasses
Chapter 16 - McCollough Effect and Barberpole Illusion
Chapter 17 - Moon Illusion and Missing Square Puzzle
Handbook of Optical Phenomenons and Illusions
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Aharonov–Bohm Effect
Chapter 2 - Butterfly Effect
Chapter 3 - Biefeld–Brown Effect
Chapter 4 - Coanda Effect
Chapter 5 - Charge Separation
Chapter 6 - Coriolis Effect
Chapter 7 - Doppler Broadening & Mossbauer Effect
Chapter 8 - Stark Effect
Chapter 9 - Thermoelectric Effect
Chapter 10 - Physical Constant
Chapter 11 - Gravitational Constant
Chapter 12 - Planck Constant
Chapter 13 - Vacuum Permittivity
Chapter 14 - Elementary Charge
Chapter 15 - Oort Constants
Chapter 16 - Fine–structure Constant
Chapter 17 - Avogadro Constant
Chapter 18 - Natural Units
Handbook of Physics Phenomenons & Constants
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermodynamic Potential
Chapter 2 - Enthalpy
Chapter 3 - Internal Energy
Chapter 4 - Gibbs Free Energy
Chapter 5 - Free Entropy and Thermodynamic Free Energy
Chapter 6 - Exergy
Chapter 7 - Flory–Huggins Solution Theory
Chapter 8 - Helmholtz Free Energy
Chapter 9 - Standard Gibbs Function of Formation
Chapter 10 - Entropy
Chapter 11 - Maximum Entropy Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 - Entropy (arrow of time)
Chapter 13 - Entropy and Life
Chapter 14 - Geometrical Frustration
Handbook of Thermodynamic Potential, Free Energy and Entropy
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermodynamic Potential
Chapter 2 - Enthalpy
Chapter 3 - Internal Energy
Chapter 4 - Helmholtz Free Energy
Chapter 5 - Gibbs Free Energy
Chapter 6 - Free Entropy and Thermodynamic Free Energy
Handbook of Thermodynamic Potential
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Activity (Chemistry)
Chapter 2 - Chemical Potential
Chapter 3 - Enthalpy of Fusion
Chapter 4 - Fugacity
Chapter 5 - Heat of Combustion
Chapter 6 - Vapor Pressure, Vapour Pressure of Water & Volumetric Heat Capacity
Chapter 7 - Enthalpy of vaporization
Chapter 8 - Temperature
Chapter 9 - Adiabatic Process
Chapter 10 - Gas
Chapter 11 - Thermodynamic Process
Chapter 12 - Isentropic Process
Chapter 13 - Isobaric Process
Chapter 14 - Isochoric Process & Isothermal Process
Chapter 15 - Cryogenic Nitrogen Plant
Chapter 16 - Supercooling & Superheating
Chapter 17 - Polytropic Process
Chapter 18 - Quasistatic Process & Reversible Process (Thermodynamics)
Chapter 19 - Thermodynamic Cycle
Handbook of Thermodynamic Properties and Processes
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Transparency and Translucency
Chapter 2 - Properties of Water
Chapter 3 - Sol–gel
Chapter 4 - Transparent Ceramics
Chapter 5 - Polyethylene Terephthalate
Chapter 6 - Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Chapter 7 - Polycarbonate
Chapter 8 - Glass
Chapter 9 - Phosphor
Chapter 10 - Scintillator
Chapter 11 - Sapphire
Chapter 12 - Negative Index Metamaterials
Handbook of Transparent and Optical Materials
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Wave Equation
Chapter 2 - Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
Chapter 3 - Plane Waves and Standing Waves
Chapter 4 - Dispersion (optics)
Chapter 5 - Seismic Wave
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 7 - Classical Field Theory
Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Field
Chapter 9 - Quantum Field Theory
Handbook of Wave and Field Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Conduction (Heat)
Chapter 2 - Heat Equation
Chapter 3 - Thermal Grease
Chapter 4 - Heat Pipe
Chapter 5 - Thermal Conductivity
Chapter 6 - Thermal Contact Conductance
Chapter 7 - Heat Transfer Coefficient
Chapter 8 - Lumped Capacitance Model
Chapter 9 - Relativistic Heat Conduction
Chapter 10 - Heat Kernel & Thermal Diffusivity
Chapter 11 - Heat Transfer
Chapter 12 - Enthalpy of Fusion
Heat Conduction Handbook
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Heat Engine
Chapter 2 - Rankine Cycle
Chapter 3 - Gas Only Cycles
Chapter 4 - Stirling Engine
Chapter 5 - Steam Engine
Chapter 6 - Steam Turbine
Heat Engine System and Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to History of Physics
Chapter 2 - History of Astronomy
Chapter 3 - History of General Relativity & History of Special Relativity
Chapter 4 - History of Thermodynamics
Chapter 5 - Aristotelian Physics and Theory of Impetus
History of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Ideal Gas
Chapter 2 - Equation of State
Chapter 3 - Heat Capacity
Chapter 4 - Thermodynamic System and Equilibrium
Chapter 5 - Compressibility Factor
Chapter 6 - Adiabatic Process
Ideal Gas, Material Properties and System of Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Crystallization
Chapter 2 - Supercooling and Enthalpy of Fusion
Chapter 3 - Glass Transition and Boiling
Chapter 4 - Melting Point and Boiling Point
Chapter 5 - Distillation
Chapter 6 - Evaporation and Leidenfrost Effect
Chapter 7 - Boiling-Point Elevation and Boiling Water Reactor
Important Concepts and Applications of Phase Changes
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Heat Capacity
Chapter 2 - Density
Chapter 3 - Diffraction
Chapter 4 - Kinetic Energy and Internal Energy
Important Concepts and Components of Introductory Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Permeability (electromagnetism)
Chapter 2 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 3 - Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
Chapter 4 - Electric Field
Chapter 5 - Permittivity
Chapter 6 - Vacuum and Relative Permittivity
Chapter 7 - Dielectric Spectroscopy
Important Concepts and Elements of Electromagnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Ionizing Radiation
Chapter 2 - Alpha Decay and Beta Decay
Chapter 3 - Gamma Ray
Chapter 4 - X-ray
Chapter 5 - Non-Ionizing Radiation
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 7 - Background and Cherenkov Radiation
Important Concepts and Elements of Radiations and Radioactivity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Magnetic Circuit
Chapter 2 - Electromagnet
Chapter 3 - Magnetic Core
Chapter 4 - Electric Motor
Chapter 5 - Magnetic Refrigeration
Chapter 6 - Gauss's Law for Magnetism
Important Electromagnetic Components & Concepts of Magnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fizeau Experiment & Hafele–Keating Experiment
Chapter 2 - Michelson–Morley Experiment
Chapter 3 - Oil Drop Experiment
Chapter 4 - Trouton–Rankine Experiment & Trouton–Noble Experiment
Chapter 5 - Cavendish Experiment
Chapter 6 - Schiehallion Experiment
Chapter 7 - Pound–Rebka Experiment
Chapter 8 - Bedford Level Experiment
Chapter 9 - Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment
Chapter 10 - Cowan–Reines Neutrino Experiment & Pitch Drop Experiment
Chapter 11 - Geiger–Marsden Experiment & Homestake Experiment
Chapter 12 - Afshar Experiment
Chapter 13 - Stern–Gerlach Experiment
Chapter 14 - Quantum Eraser Experiment
Chapter 15 - Franck–Hertz Experiment & Davisson–Germer Experiment
Chapter 16 - Eotvos Experiment
Important Experiments in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Bell's Theorem
Chapter 2 - Buckingham π Theorem
Chapter 3 - Adiabatic Theorem
Chapter 4 - Earnshaw's Theorem
Chapter 5 - Equipartition Theorem
Chapter 6 - Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
Chapter 7 - Hellmann–Feynman Theorem
Chapter 8 - No-Cloning Theorem
Chapter 9 - Virial Theorem
Important Physics Theorems
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Infrared
Chapter 2 - Thermal Radiation
Chapter 3 - Thermography and Infrared Homing
Chapter 4 - Infrared Heater and Infrared Spectroscopy
Chapter 5 - Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Chapter 6 - Black Body
Infrared and Electromagnetic Radiation (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Baroclinity and Convective Available Potential Energy
Chapter 2 - Rayleigh–Taylor Instability
Chapter 3 - Plasma Stability
Chapter 4 - Jeans Instability and Firehose Instability
Chapter 5 - Electrothermal Instability and Taylor–Couette Flow
Chapter 6 - Pinch (plasma physics)
Instability and Key Concepts of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - International System of Units
Chapter 2 - SI Base Unit
Chapter 3 - Metre
Chapter 4 - Kilogram
Chapter 5 - Second
Chapter 6 - Ampere
Chapter 7 - Kelvin
Chapter 8 - Mole (Unit)
Chapter 9 - Candela
Chapter 10 - SI Derived Unit
Chapter 11 - Non-SI Units Mentioned in the SI
Chapter 12 - Units of Measurement
Chapter 13 - Systems of Measurement
Chapter 14 - Metre Convention & General Conference on Weights and Measures
Chapter 15 - International Bureau and Committee of Weights and Measures
International System of Units
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Dipole
Chapter 2 - Dipole Moment
Chapter 3 - Electric Dipole Moment
Chapter 4 - Dipole Antenna
Introduction to Dipoles (Fundamental Physics Concepts)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Kinetic Energy
Chapter 2 - Potential Energy
Chapter 3 - Conservation of Energy
Chapter 4 - Mechanical Work
Chapter 5 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 6 - Mass–Energy Equivalence
Chapter 7 - Binding Energy
Introduction to Energy Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 2 - Aerodynamics
Chapter 3 - Boundary Layer
Chapter 4 - Computational Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 5 - Convection
Chapter 6 - Flow Measurement
Chapter 7 - Magnetohydrodynamics
Chapter 8 - Turbulence
Chapter 9 - Wind Wave
Chapter 10 - Centrifugal Pump
Chapter 11 - Choked Flow
Chapter 12 - Compressibility
Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 2 - Descriptions and Applications of Different Forces in Physics
Chapter 3 - Fundamental Models of Force
Chapter 4 - Non-Fundamental Forces
Introduction to Force & its Applications in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to General Relativity
Chapter 2 - History of General Relativity
Chapter 3 - Einstein’s Field Equations and Mathematics of General Relativity
Chapter 4 - Two-Body Problem in General Relativity
Chapter 5 - Geodetic Precession and Frame-Dragging
Chapter 6 - Gravitational Waves
Introduction to General Relativity
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VII
1
18
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to Heat Transfer
Chapter 2 Heat: An Overview
Chapter 3 Modes of Heat Transfer 36a. Thermal Conduction 36b. Convective Heat Transfer 47c. Radiation 50
Chapter 4 Essential Concepts of Heat Transfer 65a. Thermal Expansion 65b. Thermal Conductivity 77c. Thermal Insulation 90d. Thermal Equilibrium 95e. Interfacial Thermal Resistance 99f. Waste Heat 104
g. Heat Flux 109h. Heat Transfer Coefficient 111
Chapter 5 Fundamental Theories of Heat Transfer 121a. First Law of Thermodynamics 121b. Second Law of Thermodynamics 142c. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 164d. Convective Heat Transfer 169e. NTU Method 172
Chapter 6 Techniques and Tools of Heat Transfer 175a. Heat Exchanger 175b. Heat Spreader 196c. Heat Sink 198d. Heat pipe 217e. Loop Heat Pipef.
231
g.Thermosiphon 233Thermal reservoir 237
Permissions
Index
Introduction to Heat Transfer
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Mass
Chapter 2 - Mass–energy Equivalence
Chapter 3 - Weight
Chapter 4 - Center of Mass
Chapter 5 - Mass in Special Relativity and Mass in General Relativity
Chapter 6 - Effective Mass and Invariant Mass
Introduction to Mass in Physics
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Optics in Engineering 1
Chapter 2 Evolution of Optics 31
Chapter 3 Branches of Optics 41a. Geometrical Optics 41b. Physical Optics 47c. Quantum Optics 48d. Nonimaging Optics 50e. Nonlinear Optics 64f. Crystal Optics 76
g. Near-field Optics 78h. Lens (Optics) 79
Chapter 4 Significant Topics of Optics 94a. Optical Instrument 94b. Optical Engineering 95
Chapter 5 Concepts of Optics 97a. Photometry (Optics) 97b. Exposure (Photography) 105c. Atmospheric Optics 118d. Wave–particle Duality 129e. Optical Vortex 141f. Focus (Optics) 144
g. Dispersion (Optics) 146h. Opacity (Optics) 152i. Fourier optics 154j. Fermat’s Principle 172
Chapter 6 Applications of Optics 177a. Fiber-optic Communication 177b. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency 190c. Superlens 193d. Optical Fiber 211e. Spectrometer 234
Introduction to Optics
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f. Light-emitting diode 236 g. Photonic Integrated Circuit 268 h. Optical Computing 269
Permissions
Index
Introduction to Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Structure of Matter
Chapter 2 - Phase (matter) and Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Other Important Types of Matter
Chapter 4 - Matter Wave and Hadron
Chapter 5 - Ion
Introductory Matter Physics & its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Theory of Relativity
Chapter 2 - Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetism
Chapter 4 - Optics
Chapter 5 - Particle Physics
Chapter 6 - Magnetic Field
Introductory Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Sound
Chapter 2 - Speed of Sound
Chapter 3 - Acoustics and Noise
Chapter 4 - Sound Wave Properties and Characteristics
Chapter 5 - Sound Pressure
Chapter 6 - Absolute Threshold of Hearing
Introductory Sound Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Invisibility
Chapter 2 - Metamaterial Cloaking
Chapter 3 - Vacuum
Chapter 4 - Outer Space
Chapter 5 - Vacuum Pump
Chapter 6 - Vacuum State
Invisibility and Vacuum (Fundamental Physics Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Newton's Reflector and Newtonian Telescope
Chapter 2 - Rotating Spheres
Chapter 3 - Newton's Theorem of Revolving Orbits
Chapter 4 - Newton's Cannonball and Newton Disc
Chapter 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 6 - Newton's Method
Chapter 7 - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Chapter 8 - Calculus
Chapter 9 - Bucket Argument
Isaac Newton’s Inventions, Laws and Theorems
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 2 - Differential Geometry and Spectral Theory
Chapter 3 - Atomic Spectral Line and Linear Algebra
Chapter 4 - Group Theory
Chapter 5 - Statistical Mechanics and Ergodic Theory
Chapter 6 - Ordinary Differential Equation and Representation Theory
Chapter 7 - String Theory
Key Concepts in Physics and Mathematics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 2 - Grand Unified Theory and String Theory
Chapter 3 - Quantum Field Theory
Laws and Theories of Classical Mechanics and Particle Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Coulomb's Law and Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Chapter 2 - Ohm's Law
Chapter 3 - Theory of Relativity
Chapter 4 - Special Relativity
Laws and Theories of Electricity and Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Laws and Theories of Optics and Acoustics
Chapter 2 - Laws of Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Laws and Theories of Electricity, Quantum Mechanics and Particle Physics
Chapter 4 - Theories of Relativity
Laws and Theories of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Avogadro, Joule, Boyle and Dalton Law
Chapter 2 - Charles's Law, First Law, Second Law and Third Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Entropy in Thermodynamics and Information Theory & Fluctuation Theorem
Laws and Theories of Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Electron
Chapter 2 - Virtual Particle
Chapter 3 - Atom
Chapter 4 - Electron Diffraction
Chapter 5 - Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction
Chapter 6 - Magnetic Flux
Chapter 7 - Faraday's Law of Induction
Chapter 8 - Gauss's Law for Magnetism
Chapter 9 - Magnetic Field
Chapter 10 - Magnetic Moment
Laws, Concepts and Applications of Electron and Electromagnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Boyle's Law
Chapter 2 - Charles's Law
Chapter 3 - Combined Gas Law
Chapter 4 - Compressibility Factor
Chapter 5 - Equation of State
Chapter 6 - Gas
Chapter 7 - Ideal Gas Law
Chapter 8 - Henry's Law
Chapter 9 - Macroscopic Models, Theories and Concepts in Gas Physics
Chapter 10 - Kinetic Theory
Chapter 11 - Simplified Models
Chapter 12 - Prominent Gas Laws
Laws, Concepts, Elements and Applications of Gas Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Avogadro, Joule, Boyle and Dalton Law
Chapter 2 - Charles's Law, First Law, Second Law and Third Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapter 4 - Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 5 - Equilibrium Thermodynamics & Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Chapter 6 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 7 - Thermal fluids
Laws, Theories and Branches of Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Light
Chapter 2 - Speed of Light
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetic Spectrum and Refraction
Chapter 4 - Optics and Photometry
Chapter 5 - Light Sources
Chapter 6 - Radiation Pressure
Chapter 7 - Special Theory of Relativity
Light & its Applications in Physics
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Chapter 1 - Liquid
Chapter 2 - Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity
Chapter 3 - Liquid-liquid Extraction and Ionic Liquid
Chapter 4 - Vapor-liquid Equilibrium and Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle
Liquid Physics and Liquid Chemistry (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 2 - Coilgun
Chapter 3 - Electromagnetic Suspension
Chapter 4 - Helmholtz Coil
Chapter 5 - Magnetic Developer and Magnetic Shark Repellent
Chapter 6 - Magnetic Storage
Chapter 7 - Magnetic Stripe Card
Chapter 8 - Magnetic Tape
Chapter 9 - Magnetic Tape Data Storage
Chapter 10 - Magnetometer
Chapter 11 - Maxwell Coil and Preservation of Magnetic Audiotape
Chapter 12 - Proton Magnetometer and Tape Drive
Chapter 13 - Tape Head and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Chapter 14 - Mass Driver
Chapter 15 - Electromagnetic Propulsion
Magnetic Devices and Magnetism
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Mass
Chapter 2 - Mass–energy Equivalence
Chapter 3 - Weight
Chapter 4 - Center of Mass
Chapter 5 - Introduction to Density
Chapter 6 - Density Functional Theory
Chapter 7 - Density Matrix
Chapter 8 - Density of States
Chapter 9 - Energy Density
Mass and Density Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Mass–energy Equivalence
Chapter 2 - Binding Energy and Kinetic Energy
Chapter 3 - Mass in Special Relativity
Chapter 4 - Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Energy
Chapter 5 - Internal Energy and Invariant Mass
Chapter 6 - Beta Decay
Mass-Energy Equivalence & Important Concepts of Special Relativity and
Energy Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Measurement
Chapter 2 - History of Measurement
Chapter 3 - Units and Systems of Measurement
Chapter 4 - Imperial Units
Chapter 5 - Metric System
Chapter 6 - Weighing Scale
Chapter 7 - Levels of Measurement
Chapter 8 - Measuring Instrument
Measurement Handbook
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Special Relativity and General Relativity
Chapter 2 - Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 3 - Quantum Field Theory
Chapter 4 - Quantum Gravity
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics
Chapter 6 - Atomic Physics and Plasma
Modern Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Momentum
Chapter 2 - Coefficient of Restitution and Transport Phenomena
Chapter 3 - Stress-energy Tensor and Einstein Field Equations
Chapter 4 - Angular Momentum
Chapter 5 - General Relativity
Chapter 6 - Force
Chapter 7 - Fermi Energy
Momentum & Fundamental Physics Concepts
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Momentum
Chapter 2 - Coefficient of Restitution and Transport Phenomena
Chapter 3 - Stress–energy Tensor and Einstein Field Equations
Chapter 4 - Angular Momentum
Chapter 5 - General Relativity
Chapter 6 - Introduction to Invisibility
Chapter 7 - Metamaterial Cloaking
Chapter 8 - Vacuum
Chapter 9 - Outer Space
Chapter 10 - Vacuum Pump
Momentum, Invisibility, Vacuum & Fundamental Physics Concepts
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Neutron
Chapter 2 - Neutron Moderator
Chapter 3 - Neutron Detection
Chapter 4 - Neutron Temperature
Chapter 5 - Neutron Radiation
Chapter 6 - Neutron Generator
Neutron Physics and its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
Chapter 2 - Fluctuation Theorem
Chapter 3 - Fluctuation-dissipation Theorem
Chapter 4 - Maximum Entropy Thermodynamics
Chapter 5 - Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 6 - Extremal Principles in Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
Chapter 7 - Onsager Reciprocal Relations and H-Theorem
Chapter 8 - Autocatalytic Reaction
Chapter 9 - Combustion
Chapter 10 - Thermal Efficiency
Chapter 11 - Equation of State
Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nonlinear Optics
Chapter 2 - 3D Optical Data Storage
Chapter 3 - Acousto-Optics
Chapter 4 - Cross-Polarized Wave Generation & Electro-Optic Modulator
Chapter 5 - GRENOUILLE
Chapter 6 - Kerr Effect
Chapter 7 - Kerr-Lens Modelocking
Chapter 8 - Quasi-Phase-Matching
Chapter 9 - Optical Parametric Oscillator & Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference Phase Scan
Chapter 10 - Second-Harmonic Generation
Chapter 11 - Self-Phase Modulation
Chapter 12 - Soliton (Optics)
Chapter 13 - Two-Photon Absorption
Nonlinear Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Engineering
Chapter 2 - Neutron Moderator
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Criticality Safety and Atomic Battery
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Chapter 5 - Critical Mass
Chapter 6 - Neutron Poison and Neutron Source
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Decommissioning
Chapter 8 - Long-lived Fission Product and Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid
Chapter 9 - Prompt Neutron and Prompt Critical
Chapter 10 - Nuclear Weapon Design
Chapter 11 - Nuclear Reactor Physics
Chapter 12 - Nuclear Submarine
Chapter 13 - Thorium Fuel Cycle
Nuclear Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Fission
Chapter 2 - Fission Reactors & Nuclear Power
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Weapon
Chapter 4 - History of Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fission & its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Fission
Chapter 2 - Fission Reactors & Nuclear Power
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Weapon
Chapter 4 - Introduction to Nuclear Fusion
Chapter 5 - Inertial Confinement Fusion
Chapter 6 - Generally Cold, Locally Hot Fusion
Nuclear Fission and Fusion (Concepts & Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Fusion
Chapter 2 - Inertial Confinement Fusion
Chapter 3 - Generally Cold, Locally Hot Fusion
Chapter 4 - Fusion Power
Nuclear Fusion & its Applications 1
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Semi–empirical Mass Formula and Nuclear Shell Model
Chapter 2 - Radioactive Decay
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Fusion
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Fission
Chapter 5 - Nucleon
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Engineering
Chapter 7 - Neutron Moderator
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Criticality Safety and Atomic Battery
Chapter 9 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Chapter 10 - Critical Mass
Chapter 11 - Neutron Poison and Neutron Source
Chapter 12 - Nuclear Decommissioning
Chapter 13 - Long–lived Fission Product and Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid
Chapter 14 - Prompt Neutron and Prompt Critical
Nuclear Physics and Engineering
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Nuclear Power 1
Chapter 2 Nuclear Power Plant: An Overview 37• NuclearPowerPlant 37• NuclearReactor 46• SteamTurbine 107• NuclearReactorCoolant 127• NuclearReprocessing 128• BaseLoad 138
Chapter3 Nuclear Power Reactor: A Design Classification 142• GenerationIIReactor 142• GenerationIIIReactor 143• GenerationIVReactor 146
Chapter4 Nuclear Reaction: An Integrated Study 183• NuclearReaction 183• NuclearFusion 189• FusionPower 223• NuclearFission 252• RadioactiveDecay 270• NuclearBindingEnergy 290
Chapter5 Nuclear Safety and Decommissioning 303• NuclearSafetyandSecurity 303• NuclearDecommissioning 326• ReactorProtectionSystem 336• PassiveNuclearSafety 337
Permissions
Index
Nuclear Power: An Introduction
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Introduction
Chapter 2 - Nuclear Power in the People's Republic of China
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Power in India
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Power in Japan
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Power in North Korea & South Korea
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Power in Pakistan
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Power in France
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Power in Sweden
Chapter 9 - Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom
Chapter 10 - Nuclear Power in the United States
Chapter 11 - Nuclear Program of Iran
Nuclear Power: World Study
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Reactor Technology
Chapter 2 - Advanced Gas–Cooled Reactor
Chapter 3 - Boiling Water Reactor
Chapter 4 - CANDU Reactor
Chapter 5 - Pressurized Water Reactor
Chapter 6 - RBMK
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Safety
Chapter 8 - Boiling Water Reactor Safety Systems
Chapter 9 - Control Rod
Chapter 10 - International Nuclear Event Scale
Chapter 11 - Nuclear Meltdown
Chapter 12 - Nuclear Safety in the United States
Chapter 13 - Passive Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Reactor Technology & Nuclear Safety
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Nuclear Reactor Technology
Chapter 2 - Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor
Chapter 3 - Boiling Water Reactor
Chapter 4 - CANDU Reactor
Chapter 5 - Pressurized Water Reactor
Chapter 6 - RBMK
Chapter 7 - Fast Breeder Reactor
Chapter 8 - Breeder Reactor
Chapter 9 - Pebble Bed Reactor
Nuclear Reactor Technology
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Safety
Chapter 2 - Boiling Water Reactor Safety Systems
Chapter 3 - Control Rod
Chapter 4 - International Nuclear Event Scale
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Meltdown
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Safety in the United States
Chapter 7 - Passive Nuclear Safety
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Law
Chapter 9 - Containment Building
Chapter 10 - Radioactive Contamination
Nuclear Safety
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Technology
Chapter 2 - Deuterium
Chapter 3 - Neutron
Chapter 4 - Positron Emission Tomography
Chapter 5 - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Chapter 6 - Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
Chapter 7 - Pebble Bed Reactor
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Engineering
Chapter 9 - Neutron Moderator
Chapter 10 - Nuclear Criticality Safety and Atomic Battery
Chapter 11 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Chapter 12 - Critical Mass
Chapter 13 - Neutron Poison and Neutron Source
Chapter 14 - Nuclear Decommissioning
Chapter 15 - Long-lived Fission Product and Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid
Chapter 16 - Prompt Neutron and Prompt Critical
Nuclear Technology and Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Nuclear Technology
Chapter 2 - Deuterium
Chapter 3 - Neutron
Chapter 4 - Positron Emission Tomography
Chapter 5 - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Chapter 6 - Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
Chapter 7 - Pebble Bed Reactor
Chapter 8 - Advanced Boiling Water Reactor
Chapter 9 - VVER
Chapter 10 - Nuclear Weapons Testing
Nuclear Technology
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Binoculars
Chapter 2 - Optical Coatings
Chapter 3 - Optical Microscope
Chapter 4 - Eyepiece
Optical Devices and Materials
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Laser Diode
Chapter 2 - Photodiode
Chapter 3 - Organic Light-Emitting Diode
Chapter 4 - Blue Laser
Chapter 5 - Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
Chapter 6 - Quantum Well Laser and Hybrid Silicon Laser
Chapter 7 - Quantum Cascade Laser
Chapter 8 - Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser
Chapter 9 - Superluminescent Diode
Chapter 10 - Single-Photon Avalanche Diode and Thermal Management of High-Power LEDs
Chapter 11 - PIN Diode
Chapter 12 - Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode, Avalanche Photodiode and Laser Diode Rate Equations
Optical Diodes and Semiconductor Lasers
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Chapter 1 - Optical Lens Design
Chapter 2 - Optical Disc
Chapter 3 - Optics
Chapter 4 - Optical Aberration
Chapter 5 - Dispersion (Optics)
Chapter 6 - Optical Coherence Tomography
Chapter 7 - Opto–Isolator
Chapter 8 - Charge–Coupled Device
Chapter 9 - Blinky (Novelty)
Chapter 10 - Digital Light Processing
Chapter 11 - Laser Diode
Optical Engineering & Optoelectronics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Optical Lens Design
Chapter 2 - Optical Disc
Chapter 3 - Optics
Chapter 4 - Optical Aberration
Chapter 5 - Dispersion (Optics)
Chapter 6 - Optical Coherence Tomography
Chapter 7 - Laser
Chapter 8 - Optical Fiber
Chapter 9 - Holography
Optical Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Optical Illusion
Chapter 2 - Autostereogram
Chapter 3 - Filling-in
Chapter 4 - Wagon-wheel Effect
Chapter 5 - Lilac Chaser and Blivet
Chapter 6 - Liquid Crystal Shutter Glasses
Chapter 7 - McCollough Effect and Barberpole Illusion
Chapter 8 - Moon Illusion and Missing Square Puzzle
Chapter 9 - Necker Cube and Impossible Object
Chapter 10 - Perceived Visual Angle
Chapter 11 - List of Optical Illusions
Optical Illusion
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Optical Phenomenon
Chapter 2 - Iridescence
Chapter 3 - Optical Illusion
Chapter 4 - Shadow
Chapter 5 - Zodiacal Light
Chapter 6 - Entoptic Phenomenon
Chapter 7 - Diffraction
Chapter 8 - Dispersion
Chapter 9 - Birefringence
Chapter 10 - Double-slit Experiment
Chapter 11 - Electroluminescence and Evanescent Wave
Chapter 12 - Mie Theory
Chapter 13 - Moiré Pattern
Optical Phenomenons
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Chapter 1 - Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics
Chapter 2 - Fermi–Dirac Statistics
Chapter 3 - Pauli Exclusion Principle
Chapter 4 - Uncertainty Principle
Chapter 5 - Spin (Physics)
Chapter 6 - Bose–Einstein statistics
Chapter 7 - Spin Network
Chapter 8 - Spin-Statistics Theorem
Chapter 9 - Fermion
Chapter 10 - Fermionic Field & Yukawa Interaction
Chapter 11 - Gauge Theory
Particle Physics Properties
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Particle Physics 1
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Particle Physics 7i. Field (Physics) 7ii. Weak Interaction 17iii. Strong Interaction 24iv. Electroweak Interaction 28
Chapter 3 Theories of Particle Physics 34i. Quantum Chromodynamics 34ii. Quantum Field Theory 45iii. Gauge Theory 67iv. Peccei–Quinn Theory 81
Chapter 4 Standard Models of Particle Physics 83i. Standard Model 83ii. Standard Model (Mathematical Formulation) 93iii. Higgs Mechanism 110iv. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa Matrix 121v. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 128
Chapter 5 Elementary Particles of Particle Physics 136i. Elementary Particle 136ii. Quark 144iii. Photon 157iv. Lepton 174v. Gluon 182vi. W and Z Bosons 186vii. Higgs Boson 192viii. Fermion 221ix. Antimatter 223x. Boson 232
Chapter 6 Technologies Related to Particle Physics 237i. Particle Accelerator 237ii. Accelerator Physics 253iii. Particle Physics Experiments 256
Particle Physics: A Comprehensive Introduction
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Chapter 7 Evolution of Particle Physics 262
Permissions
Index
Particle Physics: A Comprehensive Introduction
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Particle Physics
Chapter 2 - Subatomic Particle and Standard Model
Chapter 3 - Elementary Particle and Strong Interaction
Chapter 4 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 5 - Meson and Boson
Chapter 6 - String Theory
Particle Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Standard Model
Chapter 2 - Quark
Chapter 3 - Lepton
Chapter 4 - Neutrino
Chapter 5 - Electron and Electron Neutrino
Chapter 6 - Muon and Muon Neutrino
Chapter 7 - Tau and Tau Neutrino
Chapter 8 - Gauge Boson and Gluon
Chapter 9 - Photon
Chapter 10 - Higgs Boson
Chapter 11 - Meson
Chapter 12 - Baryon
Chapter 13 - Hadron
Particles of the Standard Model (Particle Physics)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Pendulum
Chapter 2 - Gridiron Pendulum and Kater's Pendulum
Chapter 3 - Ballistic Pendulum
Chapter 4 - Conical Pendulum and Doubochinski's Pendulum
Chapter 5 - Foucault Pendulum
Chapter 6 - Foucault Pendulum Vector Diagrams
Chapter 7 - Furuta Pendulum
Chapter 8 - Pendulum (Mathematics)
Pendulum in Physics
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Chapter 1 - Crystallization
Chapter 2 - Supercooling and Enthalpy of Fusion
Chapter 3 - Melting Point and Boiling Point
Chapter 4 - Distillation
Chapter 5 - Evaporation and Leidenfrost Effect
Chapter 6 - Boiling–Point Elevation and Boiling Water Reactor
Chapter 7 - Phase Transition
Chapter 8 - Boiling
Chapter 9 - Ferromagnetism
Chapter 10 - Freezing
Chapter 11 - Glass Transition
Chapter 12 - Liquid Crystal
Chapter 13 - Spinodal Decomposition
Chapter 14 - Sublimation and Fréedericksz Transition
Phase Changes and Transitions (Concepts and Applications)
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Chapter 1 - Phase (matter)
Chapter 2 - Phase Transition
Chapter 3 - States of Matter
Chapter 4 - Superfluid
Chapter 5 - Thermodynamic System
Chapter 6 - Phase Diagram
Phase of Matter & Thermodynamic System
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Phase Transition Chapter 2 - Boiling Chapter 3 - Crystallization Chapter 4 - Ferromagnetism
Chapter 5 - Freezing
Chapter 6 - Glass Transition
Chapter 7 - Liquid Crystal
Chapter 8 - Spinodal Decomposition
Chapter 9 - Sublimation and Fréedericksz Transition
Chapter 10 - Superconductivity
Acoustics Engineering, Oceanography & Underwater Acoustics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Time in Physics
Chapter 2 - Time Travel
Chapter 3 - Space
Chapter 4 - Interpretation & Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 5 - Uncertainty Principle
Chapter 6 - Philosophy of Thermal and Statistical Physics
Philosophy of Physics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Entropy
Chapter 2 - Brownian Ratchet
Chapter 3 - Entropy in Thermodynamics and Information Theory
Chapter 4 - Maximum Entropy Thermodynamics
Chapter 5 - Loschmidt's Paradox & Ergodic Hypothesis
Chapter 6 - H-Theorem
Chapter 7 - Maxwell's Demon
Chapter 8 - Statistical Ensemble (Mathematical Physics)
Chapter 9 - T-Symmetry
Chapter 10 - First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 11 - Third Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 - Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Philosophy of Thermal and Statistical Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Photonics
Chapter 2 - Photonic Crystal
Chapter 3 - Photonic-Crystal Fiber
Chapter 4 - Biophotonics
Chapter 5 - Bloch Wave – MoM Method
Chapter 6 - Fiber–Optic Communication
Chapter 7 - Diffraction Grating
Chapter 8 - Monte Carlo Method for Photon Transport
Chapter 9 - Nanophotonics
Chapter 10 - Silicon Photonics
Chapter 11 - Optical Hybrid
Chapter 12 - Opto–Isolator
Chapter 13 - Charge–Coupled Device
Chapter 14 - Blinky (Novelty)
Chapter 15 - Digital Light Processing
Chapter 16 - Laser Diode
Photonics & Optoelectronics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Photonics
Chapter 2 - Photonic Crystal
Chapter 3 - Photonic-Crystal Fiber
Chapter 4 - Biophotonics
Chapter 5 - Bloch Wave – MoM Method
Chapter 6 - Fiber-Optic Communication
Chapter 7 - Diffraction Grating
Chapter 8 - Monte Carlo Method for Photon Transport
Chapter 9 - Nanophotonics
Chapter 10 - Silicon Photonics
Chapter 11 - Optical Hybrid
Chapter 12 - Optical Tweezers
Chapter 13 - Time Stretch Analog-to-Digital Converter
Chapter 14 - Slot-Waveguide
Chapter 15 - Subwavelength-Diameter Optical Fibre & Optical Interleaver
Photonics (science and technology of generating and controlling photons)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Polarization (Waves)
Chapter 3 - Airy Disk
Chapter 4 - Adaptive–Additive Algorithm
Chapter 5 - Fourier Optics
Chapter 6 - Total Internal Reflection
Chapter 7 - Nonlinear Optics
Chapter 8 - 3D Optical Data Storage
Chapter 9 - Acousto–Optics
Chapter 10 - Cross–Polarized Wave Generation & Electro–Optic Modulator
Chapter 11 - GRENOUILLE
Chapter 12 - Kerr Effect
Chapter 13 - Kerr–Lens Modelocking
Chapter 14 - Quasi-Phase-Matching
Chapter 15 - Optical Parametric Oscillator & Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference Phase Scan
Chapter 16 - Second–Harmonic Generation
Physical and Nonlinear Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Physical Constant
Chapter 2 - Gravitational Constant
Chapter 3 - Planck Constant
Chapter 4 - Vacuum Permittivity
Chapter 5 - Elementary Charge
Chapter 6 - Oort Constants
Chapter 7 - Fine-structure Constant
Chapter 8 - Avogadro Constant
Chapter 9 - Natural Units
Chapter 10 - Dimensionless Quantity
Chapter 11 - Speed of Light
Chapter 12 - Time Constant
Physical Constants
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Table of Contents Introduction
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Polarization (Waves)
Chapter 3 - Airy Disk
Chapter 4 - Adaptive-Additive Algorithm
Chapter 5 - Fourier Optics
Chapter 6 - Total Internal Reflection
Chapter 7 - Transfer-Matrix Method (Optics)
Chapter 8 - Interference (Wave Propagation)
Physical Optics (branch of optics)
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Polarization (Waves)
Chapter 2 - Airy Disk
Chapter 3 - Interference (Wave Propagation)
Chapter 4 - Transfer-Matrix Method (Optics)
Chapter 5 - Fourier Optics
Chapter 6 - Optical Phase Space
Chapter 7 - Displacement Operator and Englert–Greenberger Duality Relation
Chapter 8 - Hanbury Brown and Twiss Effect
Chapter 9 - Hong–Ou–Mandel Effect
Chapter 10 - Quantum Amplifier
Chapter 11 - Quantum Reflection
Physical Optics and Quantum Optics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Chapter 2 - Descriptions and Applications of Different Forces in Physics
Chapter 3 - Fundamental Models of Force
Chapter 4 - Non–Fundamental Forces
Chapter 5 - Friction
Chapter 6 - Viscosity
Chapter 7 - Plastic Deformation in Solids
Chapter 8 - Types of Friction
Physics of Force and Friction (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Velocity
Chapter 2 - Angular Velocity and Escape Velocity
Chapter 3 - Group Velocity and Proper Velocity
Chapter 4 - Four–velocity and Terminal Velocity
Chapter 5 - Speed of Light
Chapter 6 - Introduction to Pressure
Chapter 7 - Pressure Measurement
Chapter 8 - Vapor Pressure
Chapter 9 - Partial Pressure
Chapter 10 - Pressure Sensor and Atmospheric Pressure
Physics of Velocity and Pressure
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Aharonov–Bohm Effect
Chapter 2 - Butterfly Effect
Chapter 3 - Biefeld–Brown Effect
Chapter 4 - Coanda Effect
Chapter 5 - Charge Separation
Chapter 6 - Coriolis Effect
Chapter 7 - Doppler Broadening & Mossbauer Effect
Chapter 8 - Stark Effect
Chapter 9 - Thermoelectric Effect
Chapter 10 - Zeeman Effect
Chapter 11 - Radiation Pressure
Chapter 12 - Photoacoustic Doppler Effect
Physics Phenomena
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Polarization (Waves)
Chapter 2 - Photon Polarization
Chapter 3 - Circular Polarization
Chapter 4 - Polarizer
Polarization (Fundamental Physics Concept)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Potential Energy
Chapter 2 - Gravitational Potential
Chapter 3 - Elastic Energy
Chapter 4 - Chemical Potential
Chapter 5 - Electric Potential Energy
Chapter 6 - Electric Potential
Chapter 7 - Convective Available Potential Energy
Chapter 8 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Potential and Energy Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Power and Energy Engineering 1i. Power Engineering 1ii. Energy Engineering 9iii. Electrical Engineering 11
Chapter 2 Power Electronics: Features and Applications 29i. Power Electronics 29ii. DC-to-DC Converter 47iii. Rectifier 54iv. Power Inverter 74
Chapter 3 Methods of Generating Electricity 90i. Static Electricity 90ii. Wind Turbine 98iii. Electromagnetic Induction 113iv. Photovoltaics 121
Chapter 4 Electric Power System: An Overview 143i. Electric Power System 143ii. Electric Power Distribution 153iii. Electric Power Transmission 161iv. Power-system Protection 183v. Transformer 188vi. Fault Current Limiter 211
Chapter 5 Analysis of Power Engineering 215i. Power-flow Study 215ii. One-line Diagram 219
Chapter 6 Essential Aspects of Power and Energy Engineering 221i. Electricity Generation 221ii. Efficient Energy Use 229iii. Alternative Energy 245
Permissions
Index
Power and Energy Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Precession
Chapter 2 - Axial Precession (Astronomy)
Chapter 3 - Apsidal Precession and Larmor Precession
Chapter 4 - Axial Tilt
Chapter 5 - Nutation and Polar Motion
Chapter 6 - Precession (Mechanical) and Thomas Precession
Chapter 7 - Rigid Body
Chapter 8 - Rigid Body Dynamics
Chapter 9 - Angular Velocity
Chapter 10 - Kinetic Energy of Rigid Bodies
Chapter 11 - Rigid Rotor
Precession, Rigid Body and Basic Concepts of Classical Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Pressure
Chapter 2 - Pressure Measurement
Chapter 3 - Vapor Pressure
Chapter 4 - Partial Pressure
Chapter 5 - Pressure Sensor and Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 6 - Viscosity
Chapter 7 - Important Concepts of Viscosity
Chapter 8 - Viscometer
Chapter 9 - Viscoelasticity
Chapter 10 - Rheology
Pressure, Viscosity and Important Concepts of Fluid Dynamics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Prism (optics)
Chapter 2 - Dispersive Prisms
Chapter 3 - Reflective Prisms
Chapter 4 - Polarizing Prisms
Chapter 5 - Antiprism
Chapter 6 - Triangular Antiprism
Chapter 7 - Prism (geometry)
Prisms: Optics and Geometry
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Bell's Theorem
Chapter 2 - Buckingham π Theorem
Chapter 3 - Adiabatic Theorem
Chapter 4 - Earnshaw's Theorem
Chapter 5 - Equipartition Theorem
Chapter 6 - Fluctuation–Dissipation Theorem
Chapter 7 - Hellmann–Feynman Theorem
Chapter 8 - Conservation of Energy
Chapter 9 - Conservation of Mass
Chapter 10 - Charge Conservation
Chapter 11 - Mass–Energy Equivalence
Chapter 12 - Momentum
Chapter 13 - Parity (Physics)
Chapter 14 - Angular Momentum
Prominent Theorems and Conservation Laws in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Redshift
Chapter 2 - Gravitational Redshift
Chapter 3 - Metric Expansion of Space
Chapter 4 - Doppler Effect and Relativistic Doppler Effect
Chapter 5 - Doppler Cooling
Chapter 6 - Lorentz Factor and Photoacoustic Doppler Effect
Chapter 7 - Doppler Broadening and Doppler Imaging
Redshift & Doppler Effects in Physics & Cosmology
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Reflection
Chapter 2 - Diffuse Reflection and Retroreflector
Chapter 3 - Total Internal Reflection
Chapter 4 - Reflection Seismology
Chapter 5 - Anti-reflective Coating
Reflection Physics and its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Refraction
Chapter 2 - Snell's Law
Chapter 3 - Refractive Index
Chapter 4 - Negative Index Metamaterials
Chapter 5 - Reflection
Chapter 6 - Diffuse Reflection and Retroreflector
Chapter 7 - Total Internal Reflection
Chapter 8 - Reflection Seismology
Refraction and Reflection Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Refraction
Chapter 2 - Snell's Law
Chapter 3 - Refractive Index
Chapter 4 - Negative Index Metamaterials
Chapter 5 - Birefringence
Refraction Physics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Rigid Body
Chapter 2 - Rigid Body Dynamics
Chapter 3 - Angular Velocity
Chapter 4 - Kinetic Energy of Rigid Bodies
Chapter 5 - Rigid Rotor
Chapter 6 - Moment of Inertia
Rigid Body and Fundamental Concepts of Classical Mechanics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Scattering Theory
Chapter 2 - Absorption (Electromagnetic Radiation)
Chapter 3 - Backscatter and Brillouin Scattering
Chapter 4 - Beer–Lambert Law
Chapter 5 - Computational Electromagnetics
Chapter 6 - Dynamic Light Scattering
Chapter 7 - Opacity (Optics) and Opposition Surge
Chapter 8 - Optical Depth and Optical Theorem
Chapter 9 - Geometric Albedo and Lambertian Reflectance
Chapter 10 - Light Scattering
Chapter 11 - Light Scattering by Particles and Mathematical Descriptions of Opacity
Chapter 12 - Mie Theory
Chapter 13 - Multiangle Light Scattering
Chapter 14 - Phase Curve (Astronomy)
Chapter 15 - Raman Scattering
Chapter 16 - Rayleigh Scattering
Chapter 17 - Scattering
Scattering, Absorption and Radiative Transfer in Optical Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Atom
Chapter 2 - Atomic Number and Exotic Atom
Chapter 3 - Helium Atom
Chapter 4 - Hydrogen Atom
Chapter 5 - Hydrogen–like Atom
Chapter 6 - Atomic Mass
Chapter 7 - Atomic Radius
Chapter 8 - Molecule
Chapter 9 - History of Molecular Theory
Chapter 10 - Molecular Geometry
Chapter 11 - Diatomic Molecule
Chapter 12 - Molecular Hamiltonian
Chapter 13 - Molecular Orbital
Chapter 14 – Biomolecule
Chapter 15 - Membrane–active Molecules
Science of Atoms and Molecules
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Atom
Chapter 2 - Atomic Number and Exotic Atom
Chapter 3 - Helium Atom
Chapter 4 - Hydrogen Atom
Chapter 5 - Hydrogen-like Atom
Chapter 6 - Atomic Mass
Chapter 7 - Atomic Radius
Chapter 8 - Chemical Element
Chapter 9 - Atomic Nucleus
Science of Atoms
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Molecule
Chapter 2 - History of Molecular Theory
Chapter 3 - Molecular Geometry
Chapter 4 - Diatomic Molecule
Chapter 5 - Molecular Hamiltonian
Chapter 6 - Molecular Orbital
Chapter 7 - Biomolecule
Chapter 8 - Membrane-active Molecules
Chapter 9 - Polymer
Science of Molecules
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Sound
Chapter 2 - Speed of Sound
Chapter 3 - Acoustics and Noise
Chapter 4 - Sound Wave Properties and Characteristics
Chapter 5 - Sound Pressure
Chapter 6 - Ocean Acoustic Tomography and Wave Equation
Chapter 7 - Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 8 - Acoustic Metamaterials
Chapter 9 - Musical Acoustic
Sound Physics & Acoustics (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Acoustics and Astrophysics
Chapter 2 - Atomic Physics and Optics
Chapter 3 - Computational Physics and Condensed Matter Physics
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics
Chapter 5 - Plasma
Specific Fields of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Speed of Light
Chapter 2 - Transparency and Translucency
Chapter 3 - Faster-than-light
Chapter 4 - Rømer's Determination of the Speed of Light
Chapter 5 - Speed of Sound
Speed of Light and Speed of Sound (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Density
Chapter 2 - Enthalpy
Chapter 3 - Exergy
Chapter 4 - Internal Energy
Chapter 5 - Gibbs Free Energy
Chapter 6 - Mass
Chapter 7 - Pressure
Chapter 8 - Volume (Thermodynamics)
Chapter 9 - Thermodynamic Temperature
Chapter 10 - Fugacity
State Functions in Thermodynamics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Classical States of Matter
Chapter 2 - Non-Classical States of Matter
Chapter 3 - Low-Temperature States of Matter
Chapter 4 - High-Energy States of Matter
State of Matter
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Classical States of Matter
Chapter 2 - Non–Classical States of Matter
Chapter 3 - Low–Temperature States of Matter
Chapter 4 - Negative Mass
Chapter 5 - Dark Matter
Chapter 6 - Bose–Einstein Condensate
Chapter 7 - Compact Star
Chapter 8 - Degenerate Matter
Chapter 9 - Quark Star and Strange Matter
Chapter 10 - Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
Chapter 11 - White Dwarf
States of Matter & Exotic Matter
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Elementary Particle
Chapter 2 - Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray
Chapter 4 - Tachyon
Chapter 5 - Boson and Positronium
Chapter 6 - Fermion and Gluon
Chapter 7 - Atomic Nucleus
Chapter 8 - Standard Model
Chapter 9 - Quark
Chapter 10 - Lepton
Chapter 11 - Neutrino
Chapter 12 - Electron and Electron Neutrino
Chapter 13 - Muon and Muon Neutrino
Chapter 14 - Tau and Tau Neutrino
Chapter 15 - Gauge Boson
Chapter 16 - Photon
Chapter 17 - Higgs Boson
Subatomic Particles and Standard Model of Particle Physics
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Elementary Particle
Chapter 2 - Antimatter
Chapter 3 - Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray
Chapter 4 - Tachyon
Chapter 5 - Boson and Positronium
Chapter 6 - Fermion and Gluon
Chapter 7 - Atomic Nucleus
Chapter 8 - Quark
Chapter 9 - Standard Model
Chapter 10 - Baryon and Hadron
Subatomic Particles in Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Metric System
Chapter 2 - Imperial Units
Chapter 3 - Astronomical System of Units
Systems of Units
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Astrograph
Chapter 2 - Infrared Telescope
Chapter 3 - Spitzer Space Telescope
Chapter 4 - Existing Infrared Telescopes
Chapter 5 - Meridian Circle
Chapter 6 - Robotic Telescope
Chapter 7 - Solar Telescope
Chapter 8 - Notable Solar Telescopes
Chapter 9 - Other Significant Telescopes
Telescope Types and Classifications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Temperature
Chapter 2 - Thermodynamic Temperature
Chapter 3 - Celsius and Fahrenheit
Chapter 4 - Thermometer
Chapter 5 - Conversion of Units of Temperature
Chapter 6 - Density
Chapter 7 - Enthalpy
Chapter 8 - Exergy
Chapter 9 - Internal Energy
Chapter 10 - Gibbs Free Energy
Chapter 11 - Mass
Chapter 12 - Pressure
Temperature and State Functions in Physics (Basic Concepts, Units, Measurements and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Temperature
Chapter 2 - Thermodynamic Temperature
Chapter 3 - Celsius and Fahrenheit
Chapter 4 - Thermometer
Chapter 5 - Conversion of Units of Temperature
Chapter 6 - Scale of Temperature
Chapter 7 - Orders of Magnitude
Temperature Fundamental Physics Concept (Basic Concepts, Units and Measurements)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Poynting's Theorem
Chapter 2 - Runge–Gross Theorem
Chapter 3 - No-Communication Theorem
Chapter 4 - Shell Theorem
Chapter 5 - Wick's Theorem
Chapter 6 - Noether's Theorem
Chapter 7 - Liouville's Theorem (Hamiltonian)
Chapter 8 - Mermin–Wagner Theorem
Chapter 9 - Leggett–Garg Inequality & Kutta–Joukowski Theorem
Chapter 10 - Bohr–Van Leeuwen Theorem
Chapter 11 - H-Theorem & Clausius Theorem
Chapter 12 - Kochen–Specker Theorem
Theorems of Physics
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Quantum Gravity
Chapter 2 - Bimetric Theory and Brans–Dicke Theory
Chapter 3 - Conformal Gravity and Cosmological Constant
Chapter 4 - Einstein Aether Theory and Einstein–Cartan Theory
Chapter 5 - Entropic Gravity and Gravitational Field
Chapter 6 - Kaluza–Klein Theory
Chapter 7 - Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation
Chapter 8 - Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Chapter 9 - Nordström's Theory of Gravitation
Theories of Gravitation
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermodynamic Free Energy
Chapter 2 - Exergy
Chapter 3 - Flory–Huggins Solution Theory
Chapter 4 - Helmholtz Free Energy
Chapter 5 - Standard Gibbs Function of Formation
Chapter 6 - Entropy
Chapter 7 - Maximum Entropy Thermodynamics
Chapter 8 - Entropy (arrow of time)
Chapter 9 - Entropy and Life
Chapter 10 - Geometrical Frustration
Chapter 11 - Entanglement Distillation
Chapter 12 - Isentropic Process
Thermodynamic Free Energy and Thermodynamic Entropy
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Adiabatic Process
Chapter 2 - Gas
Chapter 3 - Thermodynamic Process
Chapter 4 - Isentropic Process
Chapter 5 - Isobaric Process
Chapter 6 - Isochoric Process & Isothermal Process
Chapter 7 - Cryogenic Nitrogen Plant
Chapter 8 - Supercooling & Superheating
Chapter 9 - Polytropic Process
Chapter 10 - Quasistatic Process & Reversible Process (Thermodynamics)
Chapter 11 - Thermodynamic Cycle
Chapter 12 - Phase Transition
Chapter 13 - Critical Point (Thermodynamics)
Chapter 14 - Triple Point
Chapter 15 - Melting Point
Thermodynamic Processes
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Activity (Chemistry)
Chapter 2 - Chemical Potential
Chapter 3 - Enthalpy of Fusion
Chapter 4 - Fugacity
Chapter 5 - Heat of Combustion
Chapter 6 - Vapor Pressure, Vapour Pressure of Water & Volumetric Heat Capacity
Chapter 7 - Enthalpy of vaporization
Chapter 8 - Temperature
Chapter 9 - State Function
Chapter 10 - Enthalpy
Chapter 11 - Thermodynamic Temperature
Thermodynamic Properties
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Thermoelectric Effect
Chapter 2 - Thermocouple
Chapter 3 - Thermoelectric Materials
Chapter 4 - Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
Thermoelectric Effect (Principles and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Time Dilation
Chapter 2 - Gravitational Time Dilation
Chapter 3 - Special Relativity and General Relativity
Chapter 4 - Twin Paradox
Chapter 5 - Proper Time
Time Dilation and Theories of Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Transistor
Chapter 2 - Bipolar Junction Transistor
Chapter 3 - Types of Transistor
Transistor and its Types (Semiconductor Devices)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Transparency and Translucency
Chapter 2 - Properties of Water
Chapter 3 - Sol-gel
Chapter 4 - Transparent Ceramics
Chapter 5 - Polyethylene Terephthalate
Chapter 6 - Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Chapter 7 - Polycarbonate
Chapter 8 - Polylactic Acid
Chapter 9 - Diamond and Ice
Transparent Materials
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Distortion
Chapter 2 - Distortion (Optics)
Chapter 3 - Distortion (Music)
Chapter 4 - Distortion Power Factor
Chapter 5 - Types of Distortion
Chapter 6 - Electronic Amplifier
Types and Applications of Distortion in Optics, Electronics and Signal Processing
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Cow Magnet, Dipole Magnet and Molecule-Based Magnets
Chapter 2 - Electromagnet
Chapter 3 - Magnet
Chapter 4 - Neodymium Magnet
Chapter 5 - Plastic Magnet, Programmable Magnet and Quadrupole Magnet
Chapter 6 - Rare-Earth Magnet
Chapter 7 - Refrigerator Magnet
Chapter 8 - Samarium–Cobalt Magnet
Chapter 9 - Single-Molecule Magnet
Chapter 10 - Superconducting Magnet
Chapter 11 - Photomagnetism and Sextupole Magnet
Chapter 12 - Particle Accelerator
Types of Magnets
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Types and Operating Principles of Lasers
Chapter 2 - Laser Safety
Chapter 3 - Laser Pointer
Chapter 4 - Laser Beam Profiler
Chapter 5 - Laser Cutting
Chapter 6 - Laser Engraving and Laser Welding
Types, Safety and Applications of Lasers
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 2 - Applications of Underwater Acoustics
Chapter 3 - Ocean Acoustic Tomography
Chapter 4 - SOFAR Channel and Echo Sounding
Chapter 5 - Speed of Sound
Underwater Acoustics and its Applications
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Kilogram
Chapter 2 - Ton and Tonne
Chapter 3 - Ounce and Grain
Chapter 4 - Pound
Chapter 5 - Maund and Candy
Chapter 6 - Carat, Tael, Batman (unit) and Kendrick Mass
Chapter 7 - Apothecaries' System
Units of Mass
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Watt
Chapter 2 - Horsepower
Chapter 3 - Orders of Magnitude
Chapter 4 - Diverse Units of Power
Chapter 5 - Torr
Chapter 6 - Pascal and Pounds Per Square Inch
Chapter 7 - Atmosphere (unit) and Bar (unit)
Chapter 8 - Diverse Units of Pressure
Chapter 9 - Newton (unit), Poundal, Pound-force and Planck Force
Units of Power, Pressure and Force
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Watt
Chapter 2 - Horsepower
Chapter 3 - Orders of Magnitude
Chapter 4 - Diverse Units of Power
Chapter 5 - Torr
Chapter 6 - Pascal and Pounds Per Square Inch
Chapter 7 - Atmosphere (unit) and Bar (unit)
Chapter 8 - Kilogram
Chapter 9 - Ton and Tonne
Chapter 10 - Ounce and Grain
Chapter 11 - Pound
Chapter 12 - Maund and Candy
Chapter 13 - Carat, Tael, Batman (unit) and Kendrick Mass
Units of Power, Pressure, Force and Mass
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Orders of Magnitude
Chapter 2 - Speed of Sound
Chapter 3 - Speed of Light
Chapter 4 - Variable Speed of Light
Chapter 5 - Kilometres, Miles and Metre Per Hour
Chapter 6 - Knot, Inch Per Second and Metre Per Second
Chapter 7 - Week
Chapter 8 - Year
Chapter 9 - Month
Chapter 10 - Millennium
Chapter 11 - Second
Chapter 12 - Cenomanian
Units of Speed and Time
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Orders of Magnitude
Chapter 2 - Speed of Sound
Chapter 3 - Speed of Light
Chapter 4 - Variable Speed of Light
Chapter 5 - Kilometres, Miles and Metre Per Hour
Chapter 6 - Knot, Inch Per Second and Metre Per Second
Chapter 7 - Week
Chapter 8 - Year
Chapter 9 - Month
Chapter 10 - Millennium
Chapter 11 - Kilogram
Chapter 12 - Ton and Tonne
Chapter 13 - Ounce and Grain
Chapter 14 - Pound
Chapter 15 - Maund and Candy
Units of Speed, Time and Mass
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Supergravity
Chapter 2 - Quantum Gravity
Chapter 3 - Canonical Quantum Gravity & Superspace
Chapter 4 - ADM Formalism
Chapter 5 - Kaluza–Klein Theory
Chapter 6 - Dark Matter
Chapter 7 - Graviton
Chapter 8 - Dark Matter Halo
Chapter 9 - Godel Metric
Chapter 10 - Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Metric
Chapter 11 - Milne Model & Kasner Metric
Chapter 12 - PP-Wave Spacetime
Chapter 13 - Kerr Metric
Unsolved Areas & Solutions of General Relativity
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Black Hole Information Paradox
Chapter 2 - Hawking Radiation
Chapter 3 - Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis
Chapter 4 - Principle of Locality
Chapter 5 - Ultimate Fate of the Universe
Chapter 6 - Quantum Gravity
Chapter 7 - Higgs Mechanism
Chapter 8 - Magnetic Monopole
Chapter 9 - Pioneer Anomaly
Chapter 10 - Strange Matter and Unified Field Theory
Chapter 11 - Homochirality
Chapter 12 - Chemical Reaction
Chapter 13 - On Water Reaction
Chapter 14 - Alkane Stereochemistry
Chapter 15 - Alpha Effect and Water Cluster
Chapter 16 - Extended Periodic Table
Chapter 17 - Phase Diagram
Chapter 18 - Non–Classical Ion
Chapter 19 - Superconductivity (Physical Chemistry)
Unsolved Problems in Physics and Chemistry
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Ultra-High Vacuum
Chapter 2 - Vacuum Flange
Chapter 3 - Vacuum Packing and Vacuum Evaporation
Chapter 4 - Vacuum Deposition and Vacuum Chamber
Chapter 5 - Thermal Spraying
Chapter 6 - Vacuum Brake
Chapter 7 - Diffusion Pump and Sorption Pump
Chapter 8 - Titanium Sublimation Pump and Turbomolecular Pump
Chapter 9 - Vacuum Tube
Chapter 10 - Helium Mass Spectrometer
Chapter 11 - Turbopump
Vacuum Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Vacuum
Chapter 2 - Outer Space
Chapter 3 - Vacuum Pump
Chapter 4 - Pressure Measurement
Chapter 5 - Vacuum Tube
Chapter 6 - Vacuum State
Vacuum: Fundamental Physics Concept (Concepts and Applications)
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Vacuum
Chapter 2 - Outer Space
Chapter 3 - Vacuum Pump
Chapter 4 - Pressure Measurement
Chapter 5 - Vacuum Tube
Chapter 6 - Ultra–High Vacuum
Chapter 7 - Vacuum Flange
Chapter 8 - Vacuum Packing and Vacuum Evaporation
Chapter 9 - Vacuum Deposition and Vacuum Chamber
Chapter 10 - Thermal Spraying
Chapter 11 - Vacuum Brake
Chapter 12 - Diffusion Pump and Sorption Pump
Chapter 13 - Titanium Sublimation Pump and Turbomolecular Pump
Vacuum Physics and Engineering
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Velocity
Chapter 2 - Angular Velocity and Escape Velocity
Chapter 3 - Group Velocity and Proper Velocity
Chapter 4 - Four-velocity and Terminal Velocity
Chapter 5 - Speed of Light
Chapter 6 - Speed of Sound
Chapter 7 - Equations of Motion and Doppler Spectroscopy
Velocity Physics
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Viscosity
Chapter 2 - Important Concepts of Viscosity
Chapter 3 - Viscometer
Chapter 4 - Viscoelasticity
Chapter 5 - Rheology
Chapter 6 - Hagen–Poiseuille Equation
Viscosity and Important Concepts in Fluid Dynamics
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Diffraction
Chapter 2 - Doppler Effect
Chapter 3 - Wave Power
Chapter 4 - Coherence (Physics)
Chapter 5 - Double-Slit Experiment
Chapter 6 - Group Velocity
Chapter 7 - Lamb Waves
Chapter 8 - Longitudinal Wave
Chapter 9 - Phase (Waves)
Chapter 10 - Wave Packet
Chapter 11 - Wave Vector
Chapter 12 - Wave Propagation & Wave Impedance
Chapter 13 - Standing Wave Ratio
Chapter 14 - Surface Wave
Wave Mechanics & Applications
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Wave Equation
Chapter 2 - Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
Chapter 3 - Plane Waves and Standing Waves
Chapter 4 - Dispersion (optics)
Chapter 5 - Seismic Wave
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 7 - Wave Function
Chapter 8 - Airy Wave Theory
Chapter 9 - Rogue Wave
Chapter 10 - Cnoidal Wave
Chapter 11 - Stokes Drift
Chapter 12 - Breaking Wave
Chapter 13 - Radiation Stress
Chapter 14 - Internal Wave & Kelvin Wave
Chapter 15 - Wave Radar
Chapter 16 - Wave Shoaling & Wind Wave Model
Chapter 17 - Mild–Slope Equation
Wave Physics and Engineering (Concepts and Applications)
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Wave Equation
Chapter 2 - Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
Chapter 3 - Plane Waves and Standing Waves
Chapter 4 - Dispersion (optics)
Chapter 5 - Seismic Wave
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 7 - Wave Function
Chapter 8 - Gravitational Wave
Chapter 9 - Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation
Wave Physics and its Applications
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Weight
Chapter 2 - Mass versus Weight and Apparent Weight
Chapter 3 - Weighing Scale
Chapter 4 - Body Mass Index
Chapter 5 - Atomic Weight and Specific Weight
Chapter 6 - Mass
Weight and Mass: Basic Physical Quantities (Concepts and Applications)
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WT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Nuclear Power
Chapter 2 - Nuclear Power in the People's Republic of China
Chapter 3 - Nuclear Power in India
Chapter 4 - Nuclear Power in Japan
Chapter 5 - Nuclear Power in North Korea & South Korea
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Power in Pakistan
Chapter 7 - Nuclear Power in France
Chapter 8 - Nuclear Power in Sweden
Chapter 9 - Solar Power in India
Chapter 10 - Solar Power in the United States
Chapter 11 - Solar Power in Oregon
Chapter 12 - Solar Power in California
Chapter 13 - Solar Power in New Jersey
Chapter 14 - Solar Power in Spain
Chapter 15 - Solar Power in Australia
Chapter 16 - Feed-In Tariffs in Australia
Chapter 17 - Solar Hot Water in Australia
World Study of Nuclear Power and Solar Power
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