Chapter 1The Scope of Biology

What is Biology? Bio= Life

ology= Study of

Study of Life

Levels of Organization Biosphere-(Big) Consists of all parts of the planet that

are inhabited by living things.

Ecosystems- Community of living things in an area,

along with nonliving features.

What can be found in this ecosystem?

Cacti Coyotes Bald Eagles Wind Sunlight Soil

Organisms- Living things.

Cells- Are life’s basic units of structure and

function. (small) Usually measured in micrometers.

Ex. Leaf cell 25 micrometers

How many cells can fit across a penny?

700!

What makes up cells? DNA and Genes- DNA- Is the chemical responsible for

inheritance. Provides instruction for cells.

Genes- Unit of inherited information in DNA.

What’s the trend?

Describe the levels of Organization for a Lion Biosphere? Africa Ecosystem? Savanna Other Organisms? Zebra, antelope, bugs, grass Cells? Hair, skin, etc DNA and Genes? Hair genes, skin genes, etc

1.2 Biology explores life in its diverse forms Species- A distinct form of life.

How many different types of species have been identified?

A. 500 thousand B. 1.5 million C. 5 million

There are… 5 thousand species of bacteria

9 thousand species of birds

30 thousand species of fish

100 thousand species of fungi

280 thousand species of plants

1 million species of insects

How would you classify music CDs?

How would you classify music CDs? Artist Genre Favorites Exercise music

How do scientists classify organisms?

The Three Domains of Life Domain- Broadest category of

classification.

Domain Archaea Bacteria that are extremely small.

Most are unicellular.

Unicellular- Consist of one cell.

Prokaryotes- Cells that lack nuclei.

Domain Eukarya Divided into 4 subgroups called

Kingdoms.

Consists of eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic- Contain nuclei that separate DNA from the rest of the cell.

Multicellular- Made of many cells.

4 Kingdoms are called… Plant

Animal

Fungi

Protist

Which has more use? Why?

1.3 Study of Life- Biological Systems “ The whole is greater than the sum of

its parts.”

System- Complex organization formed from a simpler combination of parts.

Forest Ecosystem How do these relate to each other?

Cellular Basis of Life

Form and Function Which tool is better? A hammer or a

screwdriver?

Depends on what you want it to do!

Form and Function The aerodynamic shape of a bird’s wing

is a living example of the form-fits-function theme.

Structure of wing enables it to fly.

Reproduction and Inheritance

Interaction With the Environment How do plants interact with the

environment?

Roots breaks up rock and release acids to change the soil.

Chemical exchange (Photosynthesis) Eat organisms.

Energy and Life We obtain our fuel in chemical form in

sugars, fats, and carbohydrates.

We burn fuel by exercise.

Energy and Life Producers- Produce food open which the ecosystem

depends. Ex- Plants.

Consumers- Organisms who eat other organisms. Ex. Animals, insects.

Regulation Why do you sweat?

A. To keep your body cool.

Homeostasis- Regulate body temperature or “steady

state”

Adaptation and Evolution Adaptation- Inherited trait that helps the organism

to survive and reproduce.

Natural Selection- The naturel environment selects certain traits to beinherited.

Biology and Society How do we use biology to help our

society?

Medicine Research Water and air pollution Prevent disease Energy

Scientific Inquiry To ask questions about nature and use

observations or experiments to find possible answers.

Ex. What kind of organisms live in Oxford?

Deer, hornets, grass etc.