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Chapter 10America’s Economic Revolution
This is OIL…not blood…or ink.
The Industrial Revolution needed…
1. Large population—industry needed a large workforce to make the goods and to consume them
2. Ability to grow enough food to feed the workforce
3. Raw materials to supply industry
4. Technology for large scale manufacturing
5. Transportation
6. Business practices that allowed for the management of large industrial enterprises
Chapter 10.1
American Population 1820-1840
There were 3 population trends…
Population Increase• Population was
increasingly rapidly—both through natural birth and immigration
Gentlemen…this is the
woman you want to be the
mother of your
children…if you’re afraid of the zombie apocalypse
Chapter 10.1
American Population 1820-1840
There were 3 population trends…
Population Shift• People moved
from Countryside to Urban Centers in the Northeast and Northwest
Chapter 10.1
American Population 1820-1840
There were 3 population trends…
Westward Migration•People continue to move farther and farther west, crossing the Mississippi in larger numbers.
Chapter 10.1
Why was there a population boom?
Improvements in public healthHigh birth rate—average white woman had 6.14 childrenCities became better at managing public health, waste, disease, and cleanliness/hygiene
Chapter 10.1
Immigrants and Urban Growth 1840-1860
European Immigration—1830’s saw a drastic increase in European Immigration
Urban communities needed rural communities for materials and food/rural communities needed urban communities for goods and capital
Cities grew because of their locationNear waterways, large depositories of materials, markets
In the 1850s the U.S. population grew from 23 million people to 31 million people
Of these, 1.5 million were European Immigrants
Chapter 10.1
The Irish and the GermansMost European Immigrants of this era came from Ireland
and Germany
GermanyImmigrants were mostly young men and families
Came with money and skills, ready to work in factories or buy land for farming
IrelandImmigrants were mostly young single women
Came with no money, little skills, found work in textile mills in cities
Came to escape the “Potato Famine” 1845-491 million Irish died
Chapter 10.1
The Rise of NativismNATIVISM—A defense of native-born people and a hostility to foreign born people.
Wanted the government to slow or stop immigration.
THE “KNOW-NOTHINGS”—a political party officially called The Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner.
Wanted voters to have to be able to pass English reading tests to be able to vote
didn’t want non-native borns to hold public office.
Eventually they would become the American Party. They were strong in the early 1850’s in the East.
Chapter 10.1
The Canal Age1790-1820—the “Turnpike Era” many roads were built
1820-1840—the “Canal Age” many canals were built
Steamboats carried corn and wheat from the Northwest and cotton and tobacco from the South to New Orleans where it was shipped to New York, San Francisco and to Europe
The West and the East wanted a quicker, cheaper way to ship goods…thus canals!!!
Canals were too expensive to be built by private companies so local and State governments paid for them…Take that FEDERALISTS!
Chapter 10.2
Roads vs. Canals1.5 Tons, 18 miles
per day100 Tons, 24 miles
per day
VS
The Erie Canal
350 miles long
40 wide and 40 feet deep
Started in 1817, finished in 1825
Was paid for in 7 years of tolls
Made New York the fastest growing, wealthiest and most influential city in the country…TAKE THAT PITTSBURG!!!!
Helped bring settlers west
Chapter 10.2
The Early RailroadsEarly Railroads started with the invention of…
Tracks—many differed in size and shape (which was a problem) why?
Steam Powered Locomotive—Spanish for “Crazy Train” (that’s where the expression “All aboard the Crazy Train, Choo Choo” comes from)
Train Cars carried both goods and passengers
1st Track was in Baltimore in 1830—13 miles long
By 1836, 1,000 miles of track had be laid in the U.S.
Canals and Railroads competed for business.
Who do you think won and why?????????
Chapter 10.2
Triumph of the Rails
1840—2,818 miles of track in the U.S.
1850—9,021 miles of track in the U.S.
1860—27,679 mils of track in the U.S.
Chicago becomes the rail center of the West
100 trains move in and out of Chicago every day
Chapter 10.2
Railroad Investment
Building and operating railroads required a lot of capital and a lot of investment which came from…
Small local investors
Large foreign investors—mostly German and British
Local governments
The Federal Government in the form of Public Land Grants
1860 Congress had given Railroad companies 30 million acres of land to the railroad companies
Chapter 10.2
Innovation in Communication
1844 Samuel Morse invents the Magnetic Telegraph—TEXT MESSAGING IS BORN!
Uses the cleared land of train tracks to run wires between train stations and cities.
Symbiotic relationship.
The Telegraph separated the North and South further because the North had this new, fast, technological type of communication why the South was slow to build telegraph lines.
Chapter 10.2
Telegraph WireBy 1860 50,000 miles of Telegraph wire crisscrossed the U.S.
The wires could go around the Earth twice!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Telegraph Wire
+50,000 Times
•Or that’s like driving from Athens to 7-11 on Long Lake and John R. 50,000 Times!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
“Wow Mr. Flessa… way to
make our learning real
world relevant!”— Says student
fascinated by this bit of trivia!
Journalism1846 Richard Hoe (Giggitty) invented the Steam Cylinder Rotary Press
Allows for cheaper quicker production of newspapers
1846 the Associated Press is formed
A cooperative of news gathering sources that share news, information, and stories through telegraph wires
Chapter 10.2
