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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic. 1800-1812. The election of 1800. John Adams. Thomas Jefferson. Aaron Burr. 1800 Election Results. “Revolution of 1800”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic
1800-1812
The election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr John Adams
1800 Election Results
“Revolution of 1800”Election of 1800 pitted Thomas
Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican Party vs. John Adams and his Federalist Party
Jefferson and Burr tied.Jefferson prevailed in the HouseLed to 12th Amendment
SIMPLIFYING THE GOVERNMENT
Jeffersonian Republicanism—simple government is best.
Jefferson reduced Naturalization Law requirements from 14 to 5 years.
Eliminated the excise tax
Reduced the militaryJefferson Memorial
JOHN MARSHALL AND THE POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT
Before leaving office, John Adams (2nd President), attempts to “pack” the Federal courts with Federalists Judges
Jefferson argued this was unconstitutional
Supreme Court Chief Justice Marshall rules in Marbury v. Madison (1803) that part of the Judicial Act was unconstitutional
Established principle of Judicial Review – the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE1803Napoleon needed
money to fight European wars, so he offered to sell Louisiana for $15,000,000
More than doubled the size of our country
Lewis and Clark ordered to go explore new territory
Louisiana Purchase Activity
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Barbary StatesPirates from North African
countries capture ships in the Mediterranean.
Demand payments to leave ships alone.
Navy is sent to protect ships◦“…to the shores of Tripoli”
Undeclared war from 1801-1805.
A precarious neutralityNapoleon renews his war with
Britain◦Britain ruled the seas and Napoleon
the land1806—London issues Orders in
Council forcing ports closed in France and halting American shipping.
Napoleon responds by seizing merchant ships including American
Chesapeake Incident
The Hated EmbargoIf America voluntarily cut off its
exports, the offending powers would be forced to respect its rights.
1807—Congress passed the Embargo Act.◦Forbade the export of all goods from
America◦Detrimental to the US (north and
south alike)Repealed on March 1, 1809Replaced by the Non-intercourse
Act
Why did the embargo fail?The US overestimated
dependence of Br. and Fr. on American trade.
Britain—received goods from Latin Am.
France—ruled most of Europe Jefferson miscalculated the
unpopularityPositives—helped manufacturing in the US
MADISON ELECTED PRESIDENT
After two terms, Jefferson is succeeded by James Madison
Madison was two-term President 1808-1816
Known as the “Father of the Constitution, Madison also is known for his leadership during the War of 1812
4th President 1808-1816
Macon’s Bill No. 2If either Br. or Fr. repealed its
commercial restrictions, US would restore its embargo against the non-repealing nation.
Napoleon responded but with a bargain.◦Br. had 3 months to revoke the
Orders of Council◦Br. refused and America renewed the
embargo against Br.
Mr. Madison’s WarCauses:
◦British “impressment”
◦Arming of Natives
◦“warhawks”◦Restore faith in
republicanismWar declared on
June 1, 1812 British Impressment of U.S. seamen upset Americans
A divided nationFor:South/West Rep. in PA/VA
Against:Fed. in New
EnglandFed in north/south
sympathized with Britain
Opposed acquisition of Canada.