Chapter 2: The Invasion and Chapter 2: The Invasion and Settlement of North AmericaSettlement of North America

European Exploration and European Exploration and SettlementSettlement

►New SpainNew Spain►New FranceNew France►New NetherlandNew Netherland►English ColoniesEnglish Colonies

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers

► GoldGold► GloryGlory► GodGod

► St. Augustine 1585, Santa Fe 1610St. Augustine 1585, Santa Fe 1610

Pope’ and the Pueblo RevoltPope’ and the Pueblo Revolt

►Pueblo population reduced from Pueblo population reduced from 60,000 to 17,00060,000 to 17,000

►Pope’ calls for expulsion of Spaniards Pope’ calls for expulsion of Spaniards and “return to laws of their ancients”and “return to laws of their ancients”

►1680 – execution of 400 Spaniards 1680 – execution of 400 Spaniards 1500 more flee1500 more flee

►Spanish regain control within 10 yearsSpanish regain control within 10 years

New FranceNew France

► Quebec 1607Quebec 1607

French ExplorersFrench Explorers

►ChamplainChamplain►Marquette and JolietMarquette and Joliet►De La SalleDe La Salle►““Louisiana”Louisiana”

► Iroquois Iroquois ConfederacyConfederacy

► Jesuit MissionsJesuit Missions► Fur TradeFur Trade

New NetherlandNew Netherland

► Henry HudsonHenry Hudson► Fort Orange Fort Orange

(Albany) 1621(Albany) 1621► New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam,

1624 – New York, 1624 – New York, 16641664

Chesapeake TidewaterChesapeake Tidewater

►Roanoke 1585Roanoke 1585► Jamestown – 1607Jamestown – 1607

John SmithJohn Smith TobaccoTobacco Pocahontas / John RolfePocahontas / John Rolfe Starving timeStarving time PowhatanPowhatan

MarylandMaryland

► Cecilius Calvert – Cecilius Calvert – Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore

► Refuge for CatholicsRefuge for Catholics► TobaccoTobacco

► Soil exhaustionSoil exhaustion

LaborLabor

►NativesNatives► Indentured servitudeIndentured servitude►African slavesAfrican slaves

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

► Wanted increased Wanted increased protection from protection from IndiansIndians

► Marched on Marched on Jamestown, Jamestown, attempted to arrest attempted to arrest Gov. William Gov. William BerkeleyBerkeley

► 11stst armed resistance armed resistance to English ruleto English rule

New EnglandNew England

► Pilgrims/Plymouth Pilgrims/Plymouth Colony 1620Colony 1620

► Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact – self government– self government

► MassasoitMassasoit► SquantoSquanto► Myles StandishMyles Standish► John CarverJohn Carver► John BradfordJohn Bradford

Mass Bay ColonyMass Bay Colony

► John WinthropJohn Winthrop►Boston 1630Boston 1630►““City upon a hill”City upon a hill”►Puritan beliefsPuritan beliefs

The electThe elect PredestinationPredestination

Political DissentPolitical Dissent

► Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson► Mary DyerMary Dyer► Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials

► Accused by Accused by minister’s daughterminister’s daughter

► Confesses – why Confesses – why confess?confess?

Witch HuntWitch Hunt

►Motivated by fearMotivated by fear►ScapegoatsScapegoats►Financial/political gain – powerFinancial/political gain – power►Guilt by associationGuilt by association►Questionable evidenceQuestionable evidence

► Hanged on June 10Hanged on June 10► Bridget Bishop, SalemBridget Bishop, Salem► Hanged on July 19Hanged on July 19► Sarah Good, Salem VillageSarah Good, Salem Village► Rebecca Nurse, Salem VillageRebecca Nurse, Salem Village► Susannah Martin, AmesburySusannah Martin, Amesbury► Elizabeth How, IpswichElizabeth How, Ipswich► Sarah Wilds, TopsfieldSarah Wilds, Topsfield► Hanged on August 19Hanged on August 19► George Burroughs, Wells, MaineGeorge Burroughs, Wells, Maine► John Proctor, Salem VillageJohn Proctor, Salem Village► John Willard, Salem VillageJohn Willard, Salem Village► George Jacobs, Sr., Salem TownGeorge Jacobs, Sr., Salem Town► Martha Carrier, AndoverMartha Carrier, Andover► September 19September 19► Giles Corey, Salem Farms, pressed to deathGiles Corey, Salem Farms, pressed to death► Hanged on September 22Hanged on September 22► Martha Corey, Salem FarmsMartha Corey, Salem Farms► Mary Eastey, TopsfieldMary Eastey, Topsfield► Alice Parker, Salem TownAlice Parker, Salem Town► Ann Pudeater, Salem TownAnn Pudeater, Salem Town► Margaret Scott, RowleyMargaret Scott, Rowley► Wilmott Reed, MarbleheadWilmott Reed, Marblehead► Samuel Wardwell, AndoverSamuel Wardwell, Andover► Mary Parker, AndoverMary Parker, Andover►

Other accused witches that were not hanged, but died in prison:Other accused witches that were not hanged, but died in prison:► Sarah Osborne, Salem VillageSarah Osborne, Salem Village► Roger Toothaker, BillericaRoger Toothaker, Billerica► Lyndia Dustin, ReadingLyndia Dustin, Reading► Ann Foster, AndoverAnn Foster, Andover► Thirteen others may have also died in prison, but sources conflict on the exact number.Thirteen others may have also died in prison, but sources conflict on the exact number.

Democracy in NEDemocracy in NE

►Town meetingTown meeting

King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War(Metacom’s Rebellion)(Metacom’s Rebellion)

►1675-16761675-1676►Destroyed 20% of English villagesDestroyed 20% of English villages►5% of the adult population5% of the adult population