Chapter 5

Cognitive development in infancy and toddlerhood (birth – 2 years)

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Piaget’s theory ______ : organized ways of making

sense of experiences ______ - building schemes through

direct interaction with the environment• _________ : the external world is

interpreted through existing schemes• __________ - new schemes are created or

old ones adjusted _______ : internal process of

rearranging and linking together schemes

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Sensorimotor Stage (0 to 2 Years)

_________: explore environment and try to repeat schemes by trying to repeat chance events

object permanence - understanding that ________________________________

Sensorimotor stage (continued) _________________ (18 mos -2 yrs.) -

internal representations of absent objects or past events

____________ - ability to copy behavior of models who are not present at the time

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INFORMATION PROCESSING aspects of thinking change throughout

lifetime: • ______ (improves as we age)• _______ (recognition is easier to acquire than

recall)• Categorization

• early categories are _______ (based on appearance)• later categories are _______ (based on common

functions and behaviors)

• Problem solving

Infantile amnesia - inability to remember events prior to age__

Need the ability to develop autobiographical memory• Need _______________________

________________• ability to integrate _______________

into a meaningful story

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Language development

______ Perspective (Chomsky) • Language acquisition device (LAD)

•Children are born with a ____________________ system for mastering language.

•Common to all languages•Children speak in a ________________

way from the beginning.

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Language theories (continued) Behaviorist Perspective

(Skinner)• Language is acquired through

_________________. _________ combines with reinforcement.

Interactionist perspective

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Getting Ready to Talk Cooing (__ mos.)

• Vowel-like noises Babbling (__ mos.)

• Consonants combine with vowels. First Words (around 12 mos.)

• _______________ • Word is applied to a smaller number of

objects and events than is appropriate

• _____________ • Word is applied to a wider collection of

objects and events than is appropriate

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Two-Word Utterance Phase _________ speech

• Two-word utterance phase of toddlers• Leaves out smaller and less important

words

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A language development problem may be present if children• Are greatly delayed when

compared to _______________• Cannot follow __________________• Have problems putting thoughts

into words

Individual and Cultural Differences

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Supporting Early Language Development

_______________________ (CDS)• Adults speak in a form of short

sentences with exaggerated expression and very clear pronunciation.

• Children prefer CDS.• CDS supports early language

development.