Upload
autumn-levine
View
39
Download
7
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 – Evidence-Based Relationships. Chapter 5. This chapter focuses on relationship variables or factors that appear to have a positive influence on counseling or psychotherapy outcomes. Chapter 5. The Great Psychotherapy Debate - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Chapter 5 – Evidence-Based Chapter 5 – Evidence-Based RelationshipsRelationships
Chapter 5Chapter 5
This chapter focuses on relationship variables or factors that appear to have a positive influence on counseling or psychotherapy outcomes.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
The Great Psychotherapy Debate
Empirically Supported Techniques or Treatments vs. Evidence-Based Relationships
Where do you find yourself in this debate?
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Carl Rogers’s Identified three Core Conditions to Therapeutic Change
Congruence Unconditional Positive Regard Accurate Empathy
Chapter 5Chapter 5 Congruence refers to having your
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors match. Rogers believed that therapists should be
honest, somewhat spontaneous, and real. Congruence doesn’t mean interviewers
should say whatever they want to say. Some censoring is still needed.
It’s very important to examine your motives when it comes to self-disclosure and touch.
On average, congruence appears to account for about 6% of positive outcomes variance.
Chapter 5Chapter 5 Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)
involves a warm regard for the other person as a separate individual worthy of respect. What are some of the ways therapists
can communicate congruence? UPR is conveyed not so much by what
you say, but by how you say it. On average, UPR accounts for a little less
than 9% of positive outcomes variance.
Chapter 5Chapter 5 Accurate Empathy is central to effective
interviewing. It is a complex concept characterized by an
effort to see the world from the client’s perspective.
Research suggests that empathy includes: (a) emotional stimulation, (b) perspective-taking, and (c) emotional regulation.
Empathy has a robust effect on treatment outcomes, accounting for nearly 10% of treatment variance.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Psychoanalytic and Interpersonal Relationship Concepts Transference Countertransference Working alliance
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Transference is when your client views you in ways similar to how he or she viewed his or her parents or early caregivers. Transference feels inappropriate. It’s like putting an old map on a new terrain. It’s a way to glimpse a client’s early
relationship dynamics. There’s indirect empirical support for
focusing on transference in therapy.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Countertransference (CT) is similar to transference, but involves therapists projecting their issues onto clients. CT is broadly defined as any reaction you may have
to your client. Client transference can trigger interviewer CT. Freud thought CT was always bad, but contemporary
therapists see it as potentially informative. There’s evidence that not addressing CT can
adversely affect treatment outcomes, and addressing it can increase positive outcomes.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
5-Minute Reflection
Get with a partner or small group and discuss the concepts of transference and CT. Especially discuss the sort of people who are most likely to trigger your CT reactions.
Report any insights you have back to the class.
Chapter 5Chapter 5 The Working Alliance (aka: therapeutic
relationship) has three main components: Goal consensus Collaboration on tasks Emotional bonding
Evidence strongly supports the positive influence of a positive working alliance on treatment outcomes.
Feedback is also used to enhance the relationship.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Role Modeling (aka: Identification and Internalization) Clients may identify with and internalize
traits of their parents, caregivers, and therapists.
Conceptually, these concepts can be viewed from both psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Behavioral and Social Psychologists have emphasized that clients respond best to interviewers who display high levels of: Expertness (Credibility) Attractiveness Trustworthiness
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Feminist Relationship Concepts include Mutuality: This refers to sharing power
and working collaboratively. Client as Expert (aka: Empowerment):
This concept includes an emphasis on holding the clients’ perspectives as the greatest source of authority re: information.
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Summary and Conclusions