LESSON OBJECTIVES:

1. Identify each of the colonies in each of the following regions: New England, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies.

2.Describe the land, climate, and natural resources of each region of the 13 colonies.

Growing seasonsTidewaterFall linebackcountry

Is it flat for miles? Are there mountains around?

How does the geography of the land affect the way you live?...Turn and Talk!!!

REVIEW: Why did people from England move to North America?

When the English came to North America, over time, they established the 13 English colonies.

Along the Atlantic OceanNew France to the northNew Spain to the southAppalachian Mountains-formed a

natural boundary to the west.

The 13 English colonies were separated into 3 different regions based on geography and climate:

They are: 1. New England 2. Middle

Colonies 3. Southern

Colonies

New England’s geography was shaped by glaciers. During the Ice Age, the rock-filled glaciers

moved slowly across New England, cutting deep valleys through the mountains, and scrapping up New England’s rich soil, pushing it south. All that was left was a thin layer of rocky dirt.

Because of the thin, rocky soil, along with the forests and rugged mountains, farming was very difficult.

Farming was also affected by climate.Warm summersBitterly cold wintersThe growing season was short, lasting

from late May to early October. Growing season-time of year when it is

warm enough for plants to grow.Allowed farmers to only grow enough

food for their families, not enough to sell for profit.

NATURAL RESOURCES!! Used wood from the thick forests to make

buildings and ships Caught fish and whales from the Atlantic

Ocean to use for food and other products.

All of the fertile soil that was scraped away from New England was dropped in the hills and valleys of the Middle Colonies.

CROPS GREW WELL HERE because of the fertile soil.

A more pleasant climate made the Middle Colonies much more friendly to farmers!

The growing season was much longer, with many sunny days and lots of rain.

Geography was much different from other countries.

The southern coast was full of rivers, bays, and wetlands. This area was known as the tidewater. Tidewater-water rises and falls everyday

with the ocean’s tides. Excellent for farming Weather was warm for much of the year. Soil was rich and fertile, receiving plenty of

rain. Many southern colonists grew cash crops.

The southern colonists made great use of the waterways in their region.

They would use the tidewater to ship crops to markets and other towns and countries.

The tidewater ended at the fall line, which followed eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains all the way to New England. Fall line-rivers from higher land flow to lower land and

many times forms a waterfall. The higher land on the other side of the fall line was

called the backcountry. The land was steep and covered with forests. Farms were small and colonists fished and hunted for

much of their food.

1. Why was farming in the Middle and Southern colonies so much better than in New England?

2. Why was the tidewater good for growing crops?

3. What natural resources did colonists have in New England?

4. Why would colonists want to settle near rivers and other waterways?

5. Climate is one way to divide places into regions. What are some other ways?

Core Lesson 2

Puritans settled in New England in the 1600s. They wanted to set a good example for other

people by following laws based on the Bible. Their beliefs shaped the entire government

of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.**Remember…the Puritans left England to gain

religious freedom!!**Question…DO YOU THINK THE PURITANS GAVE

THE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM THAT THEY WERE SEARCHING FOR?

Only male church members could vote or serve in town government.

Town leaders made laws to control how people worshipped.

One law required all people to attend church services.

They gathered at the meeting house, their most important building, for church every Sunday.

The meeting house was usually built in the middle of town.

Community members gathered at least once a year for a town meeting, a gathering where colonists held elections and voted on the laws for their towns. Anyone could attend, but only men who owned property could vote.

Self government-when people make laws for themselves.

The Puritans wanted religious freedom, but

they didn’t want to give it. They thought everyone should believe the way

they did.

Some colonists were dissenters, which is a person who does not agree with the beliefs of his or her leaders.

Some thought the Puritans had no right to tell them what to believe or how to act.

Roger Williams wanted religious freedom and didn’t believe that the Puritans should tell him what to believe.

He was banished, forced to leave, from Massachusetts.

Founded in 1636 by Roger WilliamsPeople could worship freely here.Government was separate from the

church.This was very important for the

history of religious freedom in North America.

Criticized church leadersHeld meetings in her home to

discuss religion.The Puritans did not like it and got

mad and banished her from Massachusetts. She moved to Rhode Island.

Also didn’t like some the rules made by Puritan leaders.

Wanted to form a colony where ALL men could vote, not just church members.

Led about 100 colonists west to the Connecticut River in 1636

They founded the town of Hartford, that later joined with several other towns and formed the colony of Connecticut.

Other colonists left Massachusetts and settled the area that became New Hampshire and Maine.

The New England colonies were developed on land where American Indians already lived.

Colonists and Indians disagreed over the land

The Indians believed that land was for everyone to use and no one could truly own it and thought they were agreeing to “share” the land when they sold it.

Colonists expected the Indians to move from the land once they bought it.

Caused by conflict over land between Indians and Colonists.

The Colonists killed most of the Pequots. The few that were left were enslaved or fled.

Metacomet, leader of the Wampanoags, wanted peace, but believed they had to fight for what was left of their land. He was known to colonists as King Philip.

War broke out between the colonists and Indians. These series of battles was called King Philips War.

Metacomet was defeated in 1676. There were very few slaves left in

New England after this.

Describe major industries, especially those related to the sea, in New England.

Indentify features of home and community life in New England.

IndustryExport ImportMiddle PassageSlave trade

Think about some chores you are responsible for completing at home. Make a chore web of all the chores you can think of that you do at home.

Although farming was difficult in New England, most colonists were still farmers.

But because farming was difficult, they had to find other ways to make money.

The geography of New England made it a good place to make a living from the sea.

Boston became the center of New England’s shipbuilding industry. Why did shipbuilding become such a strong

industry in New England?

The fishing industry grew quickly because of the abundance of fish in the ocean waters.

In 1675, New England colonists caught 6 million pounds of fish!!

The most common fish is cod, in which they sold mostly as exports to Europe and the West Indies.

Whaling was one of most important industries, in which they used to make products such as oil for lamps.

Fish and lumber were shipped to other countries and traded for imports to bring back to the colonies (tea and spices).

Shipping routes between North America, Europe, and Africa formed an imaginary triangle across the Atlantic, which became known as the triangular trade.

Some made money by selling human beings. Middle Passage-they would purchase human

beings from Africa, chain them together, and place them on crowded, filthy ships to trade. This voyage from Africa to the West Indies was called the Middle Passage.

Many of these slaves died on the voyage of diseases or hunger.

If passengers survived the voyage, they were sold to colonists who forced them to work.

Young boy who survived the Middle Passage.

Wrote a book describing his horrible experiences.

Slave trade-business of buying and selling slaves.

Large families with 6 or 7 children Lived in small wooden houses, one room

with huge fireplace A cooking fire was kept burning at all times Table in middle of rooms for meals Slept on mattresses near the fire for warmth. Wealthier families might have a second story

or loft, providing more room for sleeping. Light came from candles and lamps

Almost everything a family needed had to be made or grown at home by hand, so their homes were also workshops.

ACTIVITY: In your groups, make a T chart

comparing the boys chores to the girls chores. Look at page 177 for help.

Men and boys worked in the fields Planted crops in the spring, harvested in

the fall Built and repaired buildings and tools Took care of families animals

Women and girls were just a busy inside the home. Prepared and preserved food Made clothing ,soap, and candles Helped in the fields during planting and

harvesting seasons.***CHILDREN WERE EXPECTED TO HELPE

AROUND THE HOUSE AS MUCH AS THE ADULTS.