Chapter 6Chapter 6

How did WWII affect How did WWII affect Singapore?Singapore?

What caused the War?What caused the War? Ambitions of Germany, Italy & JapanAmbitions of Germany, Italy & Japan They formed the Axis Powers with a They formed the Axis Powers with a

common goal to gain more lands and common goal to gain more lands and power.power.

Germany after WW I•Allowed to have only Small army and navy•Had to pay war damages to the victors – reparations•Lost colonies.

The Drift to Another WarThe Drift to Another War

What Hitler didWhat Hitler did

1.1. Formed Nazi PartyFormed Nazi Party2.2. Became Chancellor of GermanyBecame Chancellor of Germany3.3. Used Secret Police & PropagandaUsed Secret Police & Propaganda4.4. Made Speeches to Move PeopleMade Speeches to Move People5.5. Created JobsCreated Jobs6.6. Restored Military StrengthRestored Military Strength

Italy & MussoliniItaly & Mussolini1.1. Formed Fascist PartyFormed Fascist Party

2.2. Became Dictator of ItalyBecame Dictator of Italy

3.3. Used Secret Police and Used Secret Police and PropagandaPropaganda

4.4. Made Weapons & Made Weapons & Created JobsCreated Jobs

What is DictatorshipWhat is Dictatorship

Tight control by leaderTight control by leader One Political PartyOne Political Party Controlled Newspapers, books, radio Controlled Newspapers, books, radio

and TV programmesand TV programmes Secret Police arrested anyone who Secret Police arrested anyone who

opposed the leaderopposed the leader Controlled all that were taught in Controlled all that were taught in

schoolsschools

Modernisation of JapanModernisation of Japan

Japan wanted to be rich and powerful Japan wanted to be rich and powerful like the West.like the West.

Political change – new form of Political change – new form of governmentgovernment

Economic-Social change – changes in Economic-Social change – changes in schools, industries and tradeschools, industries and trade

Military – Modernised army and navyMilitary – Modernised army and navy

Japan’s advancesJapan’s advances

Sino-Japanese War (1894 – 1895)Sino-Japanese War (1894 – 1895)– Small nation defeated Huge backward Small nation defeated Huge backward

neighbourneighbour Russo- Japanese War (1904 – 1905)Russo- Japanese War (1904 – 1905)

– First time in modern history that an Asian First time in modern history that an Asian country defeated a European country.country defeated a European country.

1931 – Invaded Manchuria1931 – Invaded Manchuria From WWI – given colonies of GermanyFrom WWI – given colonies of Germany

Singapore’s reaction to Japan’s Singapore’s reaction to Japan’s AmbitionAmbition

Anti-Japanese MovementAnti-Japanese Movement– Boycott of Japanese goodsBoycott of Japanese goods– Contributions towards China’s war Contributions towards China’s war

effortsefforts– Demonstrations against JapaneseDemonstrations against Japanese– Volunteers for ChinaVolunteers for China

Building of Singapore Naval BaseBuilding of Singapore Naval Base– Proved useless as the British needed Proved useless as the British needed

more warships in Europe and only had a more warships in Europe and only had a small fleet in Singapore.small fleet in Singapore.

SummarySummaryRise of GermanyRise of GermanyRise of ItalyRise of ItalyModernisation of JapanModernisation of JapanEffects on SingaporeEffects on Singapore

–Anti-Japanese MovementAnti-Japanese Movement–Naval Base builtNaval Base built

Flames of WarFlames of War

Union of Austria with GermanyUnion of Austria with Germany Hitler’s last demand Hitler’s last demand

– N.W. Czechoslovakia was given to HitlerN.W. Czechoslovakia was given to Hitler By 1940, Hitler took control of By 1940, Hitler took control of

Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, Greece Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, Greece and Parts of Russia (USSR)and Parts of Russia (USSR)

Only Britain stood aloneOnly Britain stood alone

Japan & America’s Pearl Japan & America’s Pearl HarbourHarbour

America was in the way of Japan who America was in the way of Japan who wanted rich resources in S. E. Asia.wanted rich resources in S. E. Asia.

Pearl Harbour blocked Japan’s reach for Pearl Harbour blocked Japan’s reach for S.E. AsiaS.E. Asia

Japan invaded Pearl Harbour in 7 Dec 1941 Japan invaded Pearl Harbour in 7 Dec 1941 without warning.without warning.– American casualties were 2403 dead and 1178 American casualties were 2403 dead and 1178

wounded. Five battleships, 3 destroyers, 3 wounded. Five battleships, 3 destroyers, 3 cruisers, and 188 aircraft were destroyed. By cruisers, and 188 aircraft were destroyed. By contrast, Japan's losses were 64 dead, 1 contrast, Japan's losses were 64 dead, 1 captured, 29 aircraft, and 5 midget captured, 29 aircraft, and 5 midget submarines. submarines.

America entered WWII the day after America entered WWII the day after against Axis Powers.against Axis Powers.

Japan’s Quick Gobble of Southeast Japan’s Quick Gobble of Southeast AsiaAsia

Treaty of Friendship with Thailand Treaty of Friendship with Thailand signed between Japan and Thailand signed between Japan and Thailand on Mar 1941on Mar 1941

Thailand became the only S.E. Asia Thailand became the only S.E. Asia country not occupied by the Japanese.country not occupied by the Japanese.

Invaded and conquered Indo-China, Invaded and conquered Indo-China, Malaya, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, Philippines and Burma.Philippines and Burma.

SummarySummaryWar in EuropeWar in EuropeWar in the EastWar in the EastWar in MalayaWar in Malaya

Fall of the Fall of the FortressFortress

Prisoners of WarPrisoners of War They had to do Hard labour.They had to do Hard labour. They have Not enough to eat.They have Not enough to eat. Sent to construct the Death Railway Sent to construct the Death Railway

in Thailand.in Thailand. Locals were ill treated by the Locals were ill treated by the

Japanese.Japanese. The Chinese were forced to donate a The Chinese were forced to donate a

“gift” of $50 million to the Japanese.“gift” of $50 million to the Japanese. There were massacres & tortures.There were massacres & tortures. Locals were sent to build the Death Locals were sent to build the Death

Railway as well.Railway as well.

Life in Syonan-ToLife in Syonan-To

Everyone was forced to learn the Everyone was forced to learn the Japanese language.Japanese language.

Movies screened dramatised Britain’s Movies screened dramatised Britain’s defeat.defeat.

Only Japanese radio programmes Only Japanese radio programmes were allowed.were allowed.

All were made to sing the Japanese All were made to sing the Japanese anthem while facing the direction of anthem while facing the direction of Japan.Japan.

SummarySummary

The Battle for SingaporeThe Battle for SingaporeSuffering of POWs and Suffering of POWs and CiviliansCivilians

Life under the JapaneseLife under the JapaneseLessons to be LearntLessons to be Learnt

End of the WarEnd of the War

Fall of GermanyFall of Germany– Germany was trapped with Allies attacking Germany was trapped with Allies attacking

form the West and Russians from the East.form the West and Russians from the East. Fall of JapanFall of Japan

– The Americans were at the doorstep of The Americans were at the doorstep of Japan after fighting Battles of Midway, Japan after fighting Battles of Midway, Coral Sea, New Guinea, Philippines, Coral Sea, New Guinea, Philippines, Okinawa & Iwo JimaOkinawa & Iwo Jima

– Japan surrendered after atomic bombs Japan surrendered after atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

Problems after Japanese Problems after Japanese OccupationOccupation

Shortages of Food, Jobs and HousingShortages of Food, Jobs and Housing Overcrowded living conditions, poor Overcrowded living conditions, poor

sanitation and lack of health servicessanitation and lack of health services Shortage of water and electricity supplies.Shortage of water and electricity supplies. There were communist activities in There were communist activities in

Singapore and Malaya.Singapore and Malaya. Communists helped British fight against Communists helped British fight against

the Japanese during WWII.the Japanese during WWII.– They controlled trade unions and organised They controlled trade unions and organised

strikes against the government and also strikes against the government and also influenced Chinese students in Schools.influenced Chinese students in Schools.

SummarySummary

Germany’s surrenderGermany’s surrenderJapan’s surrenderJapan’s surrenderReturn of the BritishReturn of the BritishPost-war problemsPost-war problems

–ShortagesShortages–Communist problemCommunist problem