Chapter 9Respiration

RespirationThe transfer of stored energy

in food molecules to a form usable by the organism

Involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

Process

Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which will be used for energy

1. Cellular Respiration

Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which energy in food is broken down into energy that the organism can use (ATP)

a) When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed

ADP = adenosine diphosphate H2O + ATP ADP + P + energy

This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life

Types of Respiration

1. Aerobic Respiration -involves the use of

oxygen2. Anaerobic Respiration -oxygen is not used

http://www.jccc.net/~pdecell/cellresp/respoverview.html

Anaerobic RespirationAlso known as FermentationDoes not require oxygenTakes place in the cytoplasm of cellGlucose is either broken down into

lactic acid or alcohol and CO2

As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of 2 ATP’s

Equations for Anaerobic Respiration

glucose 2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s

glucose 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP’s

In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced

Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygenTakes place in the mitochondriaWhen we say that glucose is

oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~dcp/bio113a/ch910comp.html 

Equation for Aerobic Respiration

glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP’s

Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced

Equation for Aerobic Respiration

glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP’s

Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced

Summary

Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s

Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s

Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

Adaptations for

Respiration

Monera, Protista, and Fungi

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

PlantsLeaves- have stomates for gas

exchangeStems- have lenticels for gas

exchangeRoots- gas exchange occurs

across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

Hydra Each cell of the

hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion