CHAPTER ONEFrom Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers II. Human Life before AgricultureIII. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Introduction: definitions of civilization

Elements: urban, monumental building, writing, specialized occupationsConnotation v. denotation

I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers.

Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.

larger brain

tools, weapons

Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.:

Hunting-gathering

Art

Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas

The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Human Life before Agriculture

A. Paleolithic Culture

Old Stone Age

to 14,000 Y.A.

Homo sapiens sapiens

c. 240,000, Y.A.

B. Late Paleolithic Developments

Variety

Bands of hunter-gatherersAgricultural settlements

Gender division of labor

Men: hunting, fishing, defense

Women: gathering, making medicine

Spread

from Africa

c. 750,000 Y.A.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.

Sedentary agriculture

Animals domesticated

Development of towns

Causes?

Climatic shifts

The Domestication of Plants and AnimalsPlants

slow development

Animals

from 12,000 B.C.E.: dogs, sheep, goats, pigsThe Spread of Agriculture

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.

The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution.

Hunting-and-gathering persists

Pastoralism

Sub-Saharan Africaroot and tree crops

Northern China

millet

RiceSoutheast Asia, to China, India, islands

Mesoamerica, Peru

Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes

Bronze Age

The Spread of Agriculture

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Civilization

Settlements, villages

slash and burn agriculture

irrigation

Çatal Hüyük

c. 7000 B.C.E., southern TurkeyLarge complexAgriculture, commerceShrinesOccupations

by 3000 B.C.E., civilization

Aspects of civilizations?

cities

writing

political organization

Writing

cuneiform

Nomads

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Civilization

A. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization

Mesopotamia

Sumerians

from 3500 B.C.E.

alphabet

Ziggurats

religion

priesthood

City-states

Akkadians

Babylonians

Hammurabi

code

Indo-Europeans

from 2100 B.C.E.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Civilization

B. Egyptian Civilization

Pharaoh

pyramids

from 2700 B.C.E.

Kush

C. Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations

Indus River

Harappa, Mohenjo Daro

Indo-Europeans

Huanghe (Yellow) River

P'an Ku

ideographs

Shang dynasty

from 1500 B.C.E.

Egypt, Kush and Axum

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations

Decline by 1000 B.C.E.

Invasions

Legacy?

China

great continuity

Zhou

from 1000 B.C.E.

Mesopotamia

more rupture

view of nature persists

Phoenicians

alphabet from 1300 B.C.E.

enduring culture

Jewish monotheism

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

1279 - 1213 B.C.

Ramses II

1570 – 1080 B.C.

The New Kingdom -Egypt establishes an empire.

2680 – 2180 B.C.

The Old Kingdom -The Great Sphinx & Pyramids built.

1380 - 1362 B.C.

Amenhotep

Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

1500 B.C.3500 B.C. 500 A.D.2500 B.C. 500 B.C. 0

3000 B.C.Hieroglyphics developed.

3200 B.C.

Menes united Egypt.

1482 - 1450 B.C.

Thutmose III

1503 - 1482 B.C.

Hatshepsut

300 B.C.No longer an imperial power.Rule in Egypt by Egyptians came to an end.

2050 – 1650 B.C.

The Middle Kingdom -Hyksos introduce chariots and compound bow.

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

VI. The First CivilizationsDivision

among peoples

Contacts

increase with time