chelates

INTEGRAL SOLUTIONSIN CROP NUTRITION

CATALOGUE OFCHELATES

IndexMICRONUTRIENTS:

a. Introduction 1b. Main sources of micronutrients 2c. Immobilisation of micronutrients 3

BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT CHELATES:a. Advantages and mode of action 5b. Chelating agents: 7i. pH 9ii. Stability constant 10iii. Type of application 11

c. Quality parameters and differences between thecommercial products 12

ADVANTAGES OF TRADECORP CHELATES:a. Chemical 15b. Physical 16c. Agronomical 17

CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS:a. Ultraferro® 19b. Tradecorp® Range 22c. Tradecorp® AZ Range 29

1

2

3

4

Requirements of plants

* CO2

* H2O* Macronutrients

* Secondary elements* MICRONUTRIENTS

THE IMPORTANCE OF MICRONUTRIENTS

Micronutrients are absolutely necessary andessential for the development of crops andtheir denomination is due to the fact thatplants require them in very small quantities.

The following elements are considered to beessential micronutrients: iron, manganese,boron, zinc, molybdenum and copper.

Calcium, magnesium and sulphur areconsidered to be secondary elements andnitrogen, phosphorous and potassium aredenominated macronutrients.

1

ORGANIC SOURCES:* Complex micronutrients* Chelated micronutrients = CHELATES

TRADITIONAL SOURCES:* Salts (sulphates, nitrates)* Oxides

React with:- The clay-humus complex of the soil- Soluble phosphates (present in the soilor applied with N, P, K fertilisers)

Sources of micronutrients

TRADITIONALSSOURCES

OXIDESMETAL+

CHELATINGAGENT

(PHYSICAL MIX)

METAL+

COMPLEXINGAGENT

Amino-acidsLignosulfonatesPoliflavonoidsCitrates

AMINOPOLICARBOXILATESEDTAEDDHADTPA

METAL+

CHELATINGAGENT

(CHEMICAL MIX)

SALTS

SULPHATES NITRATES

ORGANICSSOURCES

2

Factors which causethe immobilisation of micronutrients

* Retention in the clay-humus complex* Interaction with other ions* Presence of carbonates* Soils with high pH* High content of organic matter

It is therefore necessaryto protect the micronutrient…

Manganese deficiency on potato Zinc deficiency on citrus

DEFICIENCIES

Iron deficiency on rose Calcium deficiency on tomato Magnesium deficiency on vine Copper deficiency on wheat

3

A chelate is a cyclical structure which is the result of the union ofcoordinated covalent bonds between an organic molecule (chelatingagent) and a metallic atom (micronutrient or secondary element)*

* Besides, calcium (Ca)and magnesium (Mg),secondary elements, can besynthestised as chelates

How can we prevent the immobilisationof the micronutrient ?

CHELATING AGENT + MICRONUTRIENT = CHELATE (protected micronutrient)

+

4

Potato Citrus Rose

HEALTHY CROPS

Tomato Vine Wheat

* Greater efficiency:- Easily assimilated by the plant as a result of itsorganic structure- Greater stability in the soil- Greater efficiency with lower dose rates

* Compatible with the majority ofagrochemicals and foliar fertilizers

* Greater stability in the soil as the metal isprotected by the chelating agent and thisprevents interaction with other elements inthe soil (carbonates, organic matter, clay-humus complex, etc)* Greater stability in the spraying volumesand with the irrigation waters (pH, otherions, etc)* Minimum risk of phytotoxicity as themixture is not aggressive to plant tissuesand because it is not caustic

Advantages of chelates vs.traditional sources of micronutrients

5

1 The chelating agent (organic molecule)protects the micronutrient from factorsthat might cause it to becomeimmobile and block the soil, e.g. thepresence of carbonates, exposure tohigh pH, formation of insolublehydroxides, etc...

2 Besides increasing the solubility andmobility of the nutrients in the soil, thechelating agent ensures the nutrientsare transferred to the rhizosphere

3 The chelating agent releases metal andis absorbed in the rhizosphere.Diagram 1 shows this phenomenon forthe case of iron (Fe) in dicotyledoneousand non gramineousmonocotyledonous

4 The use of chelates ensures themaximum absorption and assimilationof micronutrients by the plant,increasing the performance and qualityof the harvest

ABSORPTION OFMICRONUTRIENTSIN THE ROOTSWITHTHE APPLICATION OF

CHELATES 3

PLANT

CHELATING AGENT MICRONUTRIENTS

2

1SOIL

4

Chelates: Unique mode of action6

Fe++

Fe+++

Fe++

NAD+NADH

ADP+P

H+

PUMP OF PROTONS

SOIL

DIAGRAM 1

Plasmatic Membrane

H+ATP

CONVOYER OF Fe

Fe (III) REDUCTASEENZIME

PLANT

Aminopolycarboxilates- EDTA- EDDHA- DTPA

HOOC

HOOC

N N

COOH

COOH

Types of chelating agents

O OO

NN

OO

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CO

C

CH2

CH2 C O

OC

O

Chemical structure of EDTAchelating agentThe organic molecule (EDTA chelating agent), shown inblue, is linked to different micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mnand Zn) or secondary elements (Ca and Mg) by meansof covalent bonds.

Chemical structure ofchelating agents specifically of FeThe organic molecule (EDDHA chelating agent), shown in black, is linked to the iron(Fe) by six co-ordinated covalent bonds.

O

O

=OCH

C

CH2

CH2

N

CH

=O C

O O

N

Fe

H

H

H

HOH

CH NH

R1 y R2 = HR1 = CH3 y R2 = HR1 = H y R2 = HSO3

EDDHAEDDHMAEDDHSA

COOH

HO

NH CH

COOH

7

® ®

* pH* Stability constant* Type of application

Parameters for choosing thechelating agent

8

Tradecorp® Ca

Stability range of the chelated fraction

Tradecorp® Cu

Tradecorp® Fe

Tradecorp® Mg

Tradecorp® Mn

Tradecorp® Zn

Tradecitrus®

Tradecorp® AZ

Ultraferro®

Chelates are stable in a wide range of pH


pH

1pH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 119

®

* One of the most important factorsin choosing the chelate is theconstant that measures thestrength of the link between thechelating agent and the metal

* The stability constant expressed aslog Ka, indicates that the greaterthe constant, the greater the stability


Stability constant

Chelatingagent

Metal + Chelate Chelated metal

Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Zn 2+ Cu 2+ Mn 2+ Ca 2+

EDTAKa =

25 14.27 14.87 18.70 13.81 11.00 (chelated metal)

(metal) (chelate)EDDHA 33.90 14.30 16.80 23.94 - 7.20

Citrate 11.20 4.80 4.86 5.90 3.70 4.68

log Ka

10

- Foliar- Soil (Fertigation, Injection)- Hydroponics

Depending on the conditions of the soil andthe type of application, certain chelatingagents will have a greater efficiency


Type of application:11

* Solubility* Stability* % of chelated metal (chelation grade)* Type of chelating agent* TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Principal parameters of the qualityof chelates

Aerial view of Tradecorp’s production plant in Ávila(Spain)

12

* Tradecorp ensures the highestquality and guarantees in themanufacturing process:

- Maximum level of chelation- Richness guaranteed inmicronutrients- Guarantee in the quality of thechelating agent

Differences between differentcommercial products

+

TRADECORP: MAXIMUM CHELATION GRADE

CONTROLLED REACTION

CHELATE AGENT MICRONUTRIENTS

+ +

OTHERS: LOW CHELATION GRADE

REACTION INSUFFICIENTLY CONTROLLED

View of the reactor where the EDDHAchelating agent is synthesised. Tradecorp’sproduction plant in Ávila (Spain)

13

* Chemical* Physical* Agronomical

Advantages of Tradecorp’s chelates14

* Tradecorp is one of the fewcompanies in the world thatsynthesises and manufactures theEDDHA chelating agent

* Tradecorp offers its own synthesis,chelation and manufacturingtechnology

* Tradecorp presents its range ofchelates in soluble micro-granules(WG) due to the drying technologyused in its production plants

* Tradecorp’s chelates have thehighest chelation grade

Chemicaladvantages of Tradecorp’s chelates

15

- Rapid and total dissolution in alltypes of water without forming lumpsor sediments

- Maximum ease of handlingcompared with other formulationspresented as powder

- Avoids problems of blocking andcleaning as they do not contain anti-conglomerating agents

- Greater ease of handling and storagecompared with other liquids and lessconcentrated formulations

* The fact that they are provided insoluble micro-granules (WG) meansthat Tradecorp’s chelates have thefollowing advantages:

Physical advantagesof Tradecorp’s chelates

Solublemicro-granules(WG) presentation

Sequence of the solubility: Maximum and instantaneous

16

* High stability in a wide range of pH,reaching the maximum efficiency in allconditions, even in the most difficultcases (e.g. iron deficiency in alkaline andcalcareous soils)

* Cost savings in a second applicationgiven that they are compatible withmost agrochemicals and foliar fertilizers

* Maximum efficiency with lower doserates due to the chelated micronutrientsbeing totally available to plants

* High level of security as they are notaggressive or caustic and they do notdamage either the plant tissues or theroots

* Greater flexibility in the application: foliar,drip irrigation, injection, hydroponics.With foliar application it is possible to uselower spraying water volumes and in dripirrigation the blocking of drippersand nozzles is prevented

* Optimum solution for hydroponics andfertigation

Agronomicaladvantages of Tradecorp’s chelates 17

* Ultraferro®* Tradecorp® Range:

Tradecorp CaTradecorp CuTradecorp FeTradecorp MgTradecorp MnTradecorp ZnTradecitrus

* Tradecorp® AZ Range

Product catalogue

Ultraferro Tradecorp® AZ RangeTradecorp® Range

The exclusive technology ofour production plants allowsus to synthesize andmanufacture the EDDHAchelating agent.

Ultraferro® is recognised to bethe most efficient and stableiron chelate for correcting andpreventing iron chlorosis.

The Tradecorp® Range ofEDTA chelates enables theprevention and correction ofthe most commonmicronutrients deficiencies incrops.

The flexibility of ourproduction plants means wehave the ability to develop aseries of chemical mixes thatcan be especially adapted toregional agricultural needs andconditions.

18

* Denomination: Fe-EDDHA chelatewith 4,2% w/w content in EDDHA ortho-ortho isomer

* Composition: 6% w/w iron (Fe)chelated by EDDHA and soluble in water

* pH stability range: 3 - 11* Presentation: Soluble micro-granules(WG)

* Application: Soil (Fertigation,Injection) / Hydroponics

* Crops: Fruit crops / Vegetables /Flowers / Ornamentals / Herbaceous crops

Ultraferro®

19

Ultraferro®

Depending on the position of the hydroxyl group (OH)within the phenolic ring, the EDDHA chelating agentmay have three isomers: ortho-ortho, ortho-para and

The ortho-ortho isomer efficiently protects the iron from the presence of carbonates,other metals and edaphic elements present in calcareous and alkaline soils. This iso-mer is responsible for the stability of the soil and the persistence of the treatmentthroughout the crop cycle.

The ortho-para isomer releases the iron more quickly due to the fact that its hydrox-yl groups are further apart than in the ortho-ortho isomer. This isomer is responsiblefor the speed of action and the shock effect. The agronomic benefits of the ortho-para isomer, as far as the quick action and sufficient stability in calcareous soil are con-cerned, have been proven by different trials carried out by prestigious universities suchas the Autónoma University of Madrid (Spain).

Ultraferro has the optimum balance between each one of its ortho-ortho and ortho-para isomers. Thus, using Ultraferro guarantees the maximum stability and persistencein the soil and a fast speed of action.

para-para. The first two are recognised as chelatingagents in the new standards (European Regulation2003/2003).

Ortho-Ortho

Ortho-Para

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ORTHO-ORTHO AND ORTHO-PARA ISOMERS

O

O

=OCH

C

CH2

CH2

N

CH

=O C

O O

N

Fe

HOOC

NH

OH

HN

HO

COOH HOOC

NH

OH

HN

OH

COOH 20

Ortho-Ortho Fe-EDDHA Ortho-Para Fe-EDDHA

* The following tests, carried out onpeaches and vines, confirm theefficiency of Ultraferro,compared to other commercialchelates.

Efficiency proven in the field

The following test,carried out on theMaycrest variety, showsthe excellent results ofUltraferro in the shortterm (32 days after thefirst application) and itspersistence, 117 daysafter the secondapplication, incomparison with thecontrol and another twocommercial products.

The second test carriedout in the Champagneregion (France) by theInter-ProfessionalChampagne Committee(C.I.V.C.) shows theexcellent results ofUltraferro in the shortterm (30 days afterapplication) and themedium term (60 days).

32 DAT 1

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% Chlorosis

Standard 2

Control

Standard 1

Ultraferro

117 DAT 2

DAT:Days afterthe treatment

TRIAL ON PEACH TREES(Trialcamp - Valencia, España)

1,4

Ultraferro Standard 1Control

1,8 kg Fe/ha

Chlorosis range: 0 - 5

1,2

1

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Days after the treatment

TRIAL ON VINE (CIVC – Champagne, France)

21

* Denomination: EDTA calcium chelate* Composition: 14% w/w calcium oxide(CaO) chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater


* Application: Soil (Fertigation) /Hydroponics / Foliar

* Crops: Fruit crops / Vegetables / Forage /Ornamentals / Herbaceous crops

Tradecorp Ca22

®

* Denomination: EDTA copper chelate* Composition: 14.5% w/w copper(Cu) chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater



* Crops: Fruit crops / Vegetables /Forage / Ornamentals / Herbaceous crops

23

Tradecorp Cu®

* Denomination: EDTA iron chelate* Composition: 13.2% w/w iron (Fe)chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater

* pH stability range: 4 - 7* Presentation: Powder (WP)* Application: Soil (Fertigation) /Hydroponics / Foliar


Tradecorp Fe

24

®

* Denomination: EDTA magnesiumchelate

* Composition: 10% w/w magnesiumoxide (MgO) chelated by EDTA andsoluble in water




Tradecorp Mg25

®

* Denomination: EDTA manganesechelate

* Composition: 13% w/w manganese(Mn) chelated by EDTA andsoluble in water




26

Tradecorp Mn®

* Denomination: EDTA zinc chelate* Composition: 14% w/w zinc (Zn)chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater




Tradecorp Zn27

®

®

* Denomination: EDTA manganese andzinc chelate

* Composition: 6% w/w manganese (Mn)and 8% w/w zinc (Zn) chelated by EDTAand soluble in water




Tradecitrus28

* Denomination: Chemical mix ofchelated micronutrients (EDTA) toprevent and correct multipledeficiencies

* Composition: 7.5% w/w iron (Fe),3.5% w/w manganese (Mn), 0.28%w/w copper (Cu) and 0.7% w/w zinc(Zn) chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater. Furthermore, it contains 0.65%w/w boron (B) and 0.3% w/wmolybdenum (Mo) in the form of salt



* Crops: Fruit crops / Vegetables /Forage / Ornamentals /Herbaceous crops

Tradecorp AZ

29

®

* A series of balanced formulations areincluded in the Tradecorp AZ Rangeand these are used to replace theextractions of micronutrients and therequirements of the crops

* The products in this range areprovided in soluble micro-granules(WG) and are the result of a chemicalmix which ensures the homogeneityof the product with regard to thecomposition of microelements,density and colour

Tradecorp AZ

+ ++ ++

PHYSICAL MIX

OTHERS TRADECORP

+ ++ ++

CHEMICAL MIX

Range

30

®

Tradecorp AZRange* Tradecorp has developed a widevariety of specific chemical mixesadapted to local agronomical needsand conditions

* Tradecorp offers the possibility ofdeveloping customised formulationsfor any necessity

31

®

Tradecorp AZ Chemical EDTA mixto prevent andcorrect numerousdeficiencies

7.5% w/w iron (Fe); 3.5% w/w manganese(Mn); 0.28% w/w copper (Cu); 0.7% w/wzinc (Zn), chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater. And 0.65% w/w boron (B) and 0.3%w/w molybdenum (Mo) as salt formpH stability range: 3 - 9

Microgranule (WG) 1 / 5 / 20 Kg Fruit crops /Vegetables /Ornamentals /Herbaceous crops /Forage

TradecorpAZ I

Chemical EDTA mixto prevent andcorrect numerousdeficiencies

7.5% w/w iron (Fe); 3.5% w/w manganese(Mn); 0.28% w/w copper (Cu); 0.7% w/wzinc (Zn), chelated by EDTA and soluble inwater. And 0.3% w/w molybdenum (Mo) assalt formpH stability range: 3 - 9


TradecorpAZ II


5% w/w iron (Fe); 3.5% w/w manganese(Mn); 1% w/w copper (Cu); 2.48% w/w zinc(Zn), chelated by EDTA and soluble in water.And 0.65% w/w boron (B) and 0.3% w/wmolybdenum (Mo) as salt formpH stability range: 3 - 9


TradecorpAZ Bentley

TradecorpAZ Bentley Plus

Chemical EDDHAand EDTA mix toprevent and correctnumerousdeficiencies

0.40% w/w iron (Fe) chelated by EDDHA.5.50% w/w iron (Fe); 3% w/w manganese(Mn); 0.70% w/w zinc (Zn); 0.47% w/wcopper (Cu) and 0.015 w/w cobalt (Co),chelated by EDTA. And 1.40% w/w boron (B)and 0.20% w/w molybdenum (Mo) as saltformpH stability range: 4 - 10


Chemical EDDHAand EDTA mix toprevent and correctnumerousdeficiencies

0.50% w/w iron (Fe) chelated by EDDHA.5.50% w/w iron (Fe); 1% w/w manganese(Mn); 1.4% w/w zinc (Zn); 1% w/w copper(Cu) and 0.015 w/w cobalt (Co), chelated byEDTA. 1.40% w/w boron (B) and 0.20% w/wmolybdenum (Mo) as salt formpH stability range: 4 - 10


TradecorpAZ XIV


4% w/w iron (Fe); 3% w/w manganese (Mn);3% w/w zinc (Zn); 3% w/w copper (Cu),chelated by EDTA. And 0.65% w/w Boron (B)as salt formpH stability range: 3 - 9

Microgranule (WG) 1 / 5 / 20 Kg Fruit crops /Vegetables /Ornamentals /Herbaceous crops/ Forage

TradecorpAZ Plus

Chemical EDTA mixwith amino acids toprevent and correctnumerousdeficiencies

6% w/w iron (Fe); 2.50% w/w manganese,1.20% w/w zinc (Zn); 0.60% w/w copper(Cu) and 0.02% cobalt (Co), chelated byEDTA. 0.50% w/w boron (B) and 0.40%w/w molybdenum as salt form. And, 2%w/w synthetic amino acidspH stability range: 3 - 9


TradecorpAZ Jaguar

Chemical EDDDHAand EDTA mix toprevent and correctnumerousdeficiencies

9% w/w iron (Fe): 3% w/w Fe-EDDHA (2%w/w ortho-ortho Fe-EDDHA isomer) and 6%w/w Fe-EDTApH stability range: 4 - 11


DENOMINATION COMPOSITION APPEARANCE PACKAGING CROPS

Alcalá, 498 - 2nd Fl.28027 Madrid (Spain)Tel.: + 34 91 327 32 00Fax: + 34 91 304 71 72e-mail: [email protected]

I-71-06-10-V2

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