Child Development Slide 2 Lecture Outline: What develops? How
does it develop? How do we know? What drives development? -----
break----- Nature vs. Nurture? How to make a better baby? Slide 3
What Develops? Slide 4 What do babies have at the start? Reflexes
grasp, sucking Perception hearing (loudness, pitch, mom) vision
(brightness, color, faces?) < 4ft. integration of both
(head-turns) Slide 5 So, where do they have to get to? Slide 6 How
does it develop? Slide 7 How does development happen?
Differentiation cell division & behavior Growth bigger brain,
bigger body more connections Slide 8 How does development happen?
Orderly and Sequentially Motor Development (sit up, crawl, walk,
etc.) LanguageDevelopment (coo, babble, one-word,etc.) Slide 9 How
does development happen? In stages? According to Piaget:
sensory-motor stage (0-2) preoperational stage (2-7) concrete
operations (7-11) formal operations (11-on) Slide 10 Sensory-Motor
Stage (0-2) Child is dealing with: object permanence (peek-a-boo) A
not B problem (objects--actions) lay physics (magic &
Baillargeon) beginning of representational thought (words &
gestures) Slide 11 Preoperational Stage (2-7) Child is dealing
with: conservation (liquid, mass, number) egocentrism (not in an
obnoxious way) theory of mind (false-belief, a/r) What do these
have in common? Slide 12 Formal & Concrete Operations Child
(adolescent) is working on: mentally relating representations (4+1=
odd & 6+1= odd) then abstract and hypothetical thoughts (any
even number + 1= odd) plus, puberty Slide 13 How do we know? Slide
14 Sucking (HAS) Looking (preferentially) Habituation (distinction)
Pointing Answering questions (task demands) Affective response
(qualitative?) Brain imaging (ERPs) Slide 15 What drives
development? Slide 16 Mechanisms Biological maturation gene
expression (proteins) information processing (packing the trunk)
Learning Piaget-- assimilation and accomodation
Vygotsky--scaffolding Slide 17 THE BIG DEBATE: NATURE VS. NURTURE
Slide 18 NATURE? GENETIC TRANSMISSION: 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES EACH
HAS CA. 1,000 GENES GENE PAIRS--recessive/dominant POLYGENIC
INHERITANCE Slide 19 NATURE? FROM GENOTYPE TO PHENOTYPE GENES
--> PROTEINS --> BIOCHEM SEQUENCES --> TRAITS, HORMONES,
& NEUROCHEMICALS --> CHARACTERISTICS & BEHAVIOR Slide 20
What is inherited? tiger Slide 21 Twin studies monozygotic
dizygotic Slide 22 NURTURE? EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT How does
each cell with same genes develop into different parts? Physical
environment! (salamander) How does each baby with same structures
develop into different people? Slide 23 NURTURE? AFTER BIRTH Social
environment (family, peers) Economic environment Cultural
environment Etc Slide 24 HOW TO MAKE A BETTER BABY Slide 25 In
parents the genes Slide 26 Or in the parents hands Slide 27 BETTER?
Smarter? Happier? Healthier? More creative? More athletic? Earlier?
Slide 28 How? Slide 29 From rat studies to baby toys (Turner &
Greenough, 1985) What about pre-natal Mozart? (UC Irvine, 1993)
Slide 30 What does the child need? nutrition stimulation care &
interaction from parent certain exposure during sensitive
(critical?) periods good childcare & social interaction Slide
31 What doesnt the child need? The perfect experiment your
homework.
